Association of chronic periodontitis in a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic syndrome: A minireview.

Abstract

The prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and increasing mortality rate play a significant role in the global increase of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in developing countries. A group of metabolic syndromes that are risk factors for CVDs are referred to as the CMS. Although the exact mechanism(s) behind the development of the CMS are not known, but multi-organ insulin resistance, a prevalent characteristic of the syndrome, is probably one of them. The two most prevalent dental diseases i.e. periodontitis (PD) and dental caries have been related to several systemic diseases and disorders, such as CMS. Age, alcohol consumption, being obese, possessing diabetes, as well as smoking are risk factors for periodontal diseases, while both CVD and periodontal diseases are linked to systemic inflammation. It has a multifactorial aetiology and is associated with many systemic diseases. When bacteria and their products attack the periodontal tissues, the tissue raises an immune-inflammatory response against the pathogens. This acute phase response is a result of the pathogen's systemic attack and contributes to the overall inflammatory burden of the system. CVD and PD are both diseases associated with systemic inflammation and may be related as they share many common risk factors. Hence, the correlation between these conditions might also have an impact on how dentistry and medicine are practised, thus helping to build a working relationship between the dentist and the physician.