Veterinary and comparative oncology最新文献

{"title":"Anti-Canine Mammary Carcinoma Effects of mPP-Based Nano-Micelles Encapsulating DPIA.","authors":"Yuhong Chen, Han Wang, Zhenyu Wang, Yunyu Xie, Funeng Xu, Xiaoxia Liang","doi":"10.1111/vco.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge in breast cancer treatment. Canine mammary carcinoma, characterized by spontaneous tumours in female dogs, serves as a robust spontaneous model for TNBC. In this study, DPIA, a potent antitumor agent, was encapsulated into synthesized mPEG-PCL (mPP) to form nano-micelles, aiming to enhance its in vivo therapeutic efficacy. DPIA@mPP exhibited more uniform dispersion and a spheroid-like architecture, with a drug loading rate of 4.31% and an encapsulation rate of 13.10%. Both DPIA@mPP and free DPIA exhibited comparable and significant cytotoxicity against canine mammary carcinoma cells (CMT-7364) in vitro. Encapsulation into mPP enhanced DPIA uptake by CMT-7364 cells, increasing tumour inhibition from 30.31% to 48.55%, while markedly reducing in vivo toxicity. Overall, the DPIA@mPP group demonstrated superior in vivo antitumor efficacy and a good safety profile. Furthermore, preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that DPIA@mPP may promote apoptosis in CMT-7364 cells, potentially through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, offering novel insights into TNBC treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Outcome of Electrochemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Stages (T₃-T₄) of Feline Nasal Planum Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Delia Franchini, Ilaria Laino, Chiara Perrone, Antonio Di Bello, Stefano Ciccarelli","doi":"10.1111/vco.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemotherapy is increasingly used as a locoregional treatment for feline squamous cell carcinoma, but its role in advanced nasal planum disease remains poorly defined. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term outcome of ECT as a sole treatment modality in 18 cats with T₃-T₄N₀M₀ nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma. Adverse events were assessed according to VCOG-CTCAE v2. Response was assessed using RECIST v1.1 criteria, and progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier methods. At the end of treatment, 72.2% of cats achieved complete response, 16.7% partial response and 11.1% stable disease, resulting in an overall response rate of 88.8%. The 1-year complete response rate was 61.1%. Treatment response was significantly associated with PFS (p = 0.006), OS (p < 0.001) and TTP (p = 0.006), while recurrence was associated with shorter PFS (p = 0.003) and OS (p = 0.002). The 1-year risk of recurrence was 50%. Adverse events were mostly low-grade (VCOG Grade I-II) and self-limiting, the most common being transient local pain, erythema/crusting and pruritus; no grade ≥ 3 complications such as tissue necrosis or fistula formation were observed. These results suggest that ECT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment also in advanced stages nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma, with high response rates and long-term control disease. The risk of recurrence underscores the need for prolonged follow-up, as additional treatment sessions may be performed upon relapse, while ECT can also be used with palliative intent to prolong survival while preserving quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerability and Adverse Event Profile of Fixed Dose Rate Gemcitabine in Dogs With Neoplasia.","authors":"Evangelia J Makrygiannis, Luke Wittenburg, Carlos O Rodriguez, Sami Al-Nadaf, Amandine T Lejeune, Robert B Rebhun, Katherine A Skorupski","doi":"10.1111/vco.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fixed dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine offers pharmacokinetic advantages over bolus dosing, and there is evidence in human medicine that FDR gemcitabine is more effective than intravenous (IV) bolus. To date, literature describing gemcitabine use in dogs is limited to bolus administration. The goal of this study was to describe the tolerability and adverse event profile of a novel FDR gemcitabine protocol in tumour-bearing dogs. Thirty-nine dogs who received at least one infusion of FDR gemcitabine at 400 mg/m² IV over 2 h (3.3 mg/m²/min) were retrospectively evaluated. An average of 4 FDR gemcitabine doses (range, 1-15) were administered per dog. Sixteen dogs (41%) developed neutropenia (12 Grade 1, 1 Grade 2, 2 Grade 3, 1 Grade 4) and 5 dogs (13%) developed thrombocytopenia (3 Grade 1, 1 Grade 2, 1 Grade 3). Gastrointestinal adverse events were reported in 23 dogs (59%), and all were classified as Grade 1 or 2. Of the 35 dogs who had gross disease and adequate information available to assess response to treatment, 8 dogs (23%) achieved a partial response (PR), 11 dogs (31%) maintained stable disease (SD) and 16 dogs (46%) experienced disease progression. PR was documented in 5 out of 8 dogs (63%) with squamous cell carcinoma. This FDR gemcitabine protocol demonstrated manageable toxicity and a promising response rate in dogs. Further investigation is warranted to explore its potential role in treating canine tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"293-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Morbidity Between Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Elective Neck Dissection in Dogs With Head and Neck Malignancies.","authors":"Lavinia Elena Chiti, Dominique Leu, Roberta Ferrari, Ester Luconi, Patrizia Boracchi, Elisa Maria Gariboldi, Damiano Stefanello, Mirja Christine Nolff","doi":"10.1111/vco.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elective neck dissection (END) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are suggested for nodal staging of canine head and neck malignancies (HNM). This study aims to compare the morbidity of END to SLNB. Seventy-six client-owned dogs with HNM that underwent END (n = 28) or SLNB (n = 48) in two institutions were retrospectively enrolled. Retrieved variables included data on signalment, lymph centre and lymph nodes, intra- and post-surgical complications (PSC) of lymphadenectomy, and histopathology results. The cumulative incidence of PSC at 30 days was estimated for END and SLNB and compared with Gray's test. The influence of variables on the incidence of complications was evaluated using univariate and multivariate models. No intraoperative complication occurred. The PSC were mostly mild. Seroma was the most frequent. The cumulative incidence of PSC of lymphadenectomy at 30 days was 47.4%, and they were severe in 14% of cases. The incidence of PSC was 25% for SLNB and 85.7% for END, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Clinically enlarged nodes (p = 0.03), institution (p = 0.03), increasing number of resected nodes (p < 0.001) and of lymph centres (p < 0.001) predicted a higher incidence of PSC in the univariate model. In the multivariate analysis, only the type of node management (END vs. SLNB) remained significant. Although lymphadenectomy is a well-tolerated procedure in dogs with HNM, END was correlated with a higher risk of PSC compared to SLNB. Stratification of dogs by the risk of multiple nodal metastases is warranted to identify those who may still benefit from END despite a higher PSC risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Four Major Canine Tumours in the UK: Insights From a National Pathology Registry With Comparative Oncology Perspectives.","authors":"José Rodríguez, Antonio Espinosa de Los Monteros, Ángelo Santana, P J Noble, Alan D Radford, Francesco Cian, Annika Herrmann, Jenny S McKay, Matthew Jones, David R Killick","doi":"10.1111/vco.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pet dogs with naturally occurring cancers provide valuable models for comparative oncology and pathology tumour registries offer a powerful resource for onco-epidemiological research. Here, we analysed the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET) pathology-based tumour registry (PTR), one of the largest veterinary tumour registries to date, focusing on four major canine tumours: mast cell tumour (MCT), osteosarcoma (OSA), haemangiosarcoma (HSA), and melanoma (MEL). A case-control study was conducted using a subset of 130 998 histologically confirmed tumours drawn from the pathology tumour registry containing over 1.1 million canine tumour records from 1.02 million dogs collected in the UK between 2010 and 2023. Case-control analyses were performed for melanoma, haemangiosarcoma, OSA and MCT using a denominator population of dogs attending first-opinion veterinary practices. Additionally for MCT, comparisons were made against dogs diagnosed with other tumour types ('tumour denominator' approach). Breed-specific risks were identified, including high odds ratios (OR) for Bulldog-related breeds and Retrievers with mast cell tumours (MCTs) (OR up to 6.8, 95% CI 6.0, 7.6), Rottweilers, Shar Pei and Giant-Schnauzer with melanoma (OR up to 50.3, 95% CI 24.7, 102.5), and German Shepherd Dogs, Mastiffs, and Bullmastiffs with haemangiosarcoma (OR up to 28.0, 95% CI 10.6, 40.9). Higher-grade MCT were diagnosed at older ages and certain breeds were more predisposed to higher-grade MCT (Shar Pei, Rottweiler) while others were more prone to low-grade MCTs (Boxer, Boston Terrier). Neutered dogs generally had higher tumour odds than entire dogs; for example, in MCTs, female-neutered vs. female-entire showed OR 1.81 (95% CI 1.6, 2.0) in ages 3-6, with similar patterns across older age bands. In general, the difference in OR values between entire and neutered dogs was consistently more pronounced in females than in males. These findings demonstrate the value of the SAVSNET PTR as a comprehensive resource for canine tumour surveillance, with potential to support health initiatives and cancer research by identifying breed-specific and demographic risk factors as well as a foundational tool for comparative cancer epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"324-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transarterial Embolisation as Palliative Therapy for Oral Tumours in Canine and Feline Patients: A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Sunghoon Jeon, Gahyun Lee, Jin-Kyung Kim, Hyo-Cheol Kim, Namsoon Lee, Dongwoo Chang","doi":"10.1111/vco.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In human medicine, transarterial embolisation (TAE) is widely used to manage inoperable tumours and intractable haemorrhages. However, its application in veterinary patients with oral tumours remains limited. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the clinical utility of TAE using polyvinyl alcohol particles for the treatment of oral neoplasms in dogs and cats. We included 15 dogs and cats with oral neoplasia. The tumour types included squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma and chondrosarcoma. All patients underwent intra-arterial administration of carboplatin, followed by selective embolisation of the tumour-feeding arteries. There was a significant post-procedural improvement in clinical signs such as oral bleeding and anorexia (p < 0.05). Follow-up computed tomography imaging findings, which were available for 12 patients, demonstrated a significant tumour volume reduction of 50.66% (95% confidence interval: 10.46%-83.92%; p = 0.002). There were no major complications, with minor adverse events such as skin ulceration or transient pain being self-limiting. Among the 15 patients, 13 died during the study period, with survival times ranging from 60 to 499 days. Two patients were still alive at the time of analysis, at 305 and 406 days, respectively. When categorised by species and tumour type, dogs with SCC survived for 60-305 days, cats with SCC for 70-291 days, dogs with melanoma for 77-406 days and the two dogs with chondrosarcoma survived for 103 and 499 days, respectively. These findings suggest that TAE is a well-tolerated, minimally invasive treatment that can effectively reduce the tumour burden and clinical symptoms in veterinary patients with oral tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"248-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Significance of Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma Treated With Anti-Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Antibody Therapy.","authors":"Shintaro Kamo, Naoya Maekawa, Ayano Kudo, Akinori Yamauchi, Sho Yoshimoto, Yuma Harada, Satoru Konnai, Tomohiro Okagawa, Hayato Nakamura, Yumiko Kagawa, Junichi Kamiie, Keiichi Yamamoto, Satoshi Takagi","doi":"10.1111/vco.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). However, only a subset of cases have shown clinical responses. Additionally, predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of ICIs in veterinary medicine are yet to be established. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy in humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive utility of TILs for canine OMM treated with ICI therapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on pre-treatment pathological tissues to detect cells positive for CD3 (pan-T cell marker), Granzyme B (cytotoxic T lymphocyte or natural killer cell marker) and Foxp3 (regulatory T cell marker). Further, we analysed the infiltration patterns of these cells and their prognostic utility for anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody therapy. There were variances in the infiltration levels of each TIL subset; further, we observed several TIL infiltration patterns in canine OMM. Survival analysis revealed that high infiltration of CD3⁺ and Granzyme B⁺ cells was significantly associated with prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival. Furthermore, the immune cell composition ratio, which reflected the balance between cytotoxic and regulatory cells, was significantly associated with survival time. These findings suggest that canine OMM exhibits immunological phenotypes analogous to those observed in human cancers. Taken together, the TIL profile holds significant potential as a prognostic biomarker for canine OMM treated with anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146182917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour: A Natural Model of Immune Evasion in Comparative Oncology.","authors":"Anderson P Duzanski, Fabián D López-Valbuena, William F Osorio-Zambrano, Carlos M Gonzalez-Zambrano, Luis M Montoya-Flórez, Noeme Sousa Rocha","doi":"10.1111/vco.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is the oldest naturally occurring transmissible cancer and serves as a unique comparative model for tumour-immune interactions. Unlike conventional neoplasms, CTVT is transmitted as an allograft between genetically distinct hosts, facing strong immune pressure while maintaining clonal persistence for millennia. This success reflects its remarkable ability to evade, adapt to, and remodel host immunity. CTVT modulates the tumour microenvironment through secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10, downregulation of MHC molecules, impaired dendritic cell differentiation, and disrupted apoptotic signalling. IL-8 further contributes by shifting the immune profile from Th1 to Th2 and inducing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which promote antigen sequestration, angiogenesis, stromal remodelling, and dissemination. Immunometabolic reprogramming, including lactate-driven suppression of cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells, reinforces immune escape. Molecular pathways central to human oncology-such as STAT3, FGFR, PPAR-γ, and p53-remain underexplored in CTVT but may critically shape its immune dynamics. Recent findings indicate synonymous TP53 mutations associated with reduced p53 expression, partial apoptotic activation through caspase-9, and overexpression of BCL2, BAX, and MMP-9, highlighting imbalance between cell death regulation and extracellular matrix remodelling. The alternation between progressive and regressive phases provides a natural framework to study tumour immunoediting, tolerance, and long-term dormancy. Beyond its biological relevance, CTVT functions as a natural transplantation model in immunocompetent hosts and a platform for immunotherapeutic approaches, including dendritic cell-based vaccines. Altogether, the evolutionary longevity, genetic adaptability, and immune plasticity of CTVT underscore its value for comparative oncology and the development of novel immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemangiosarcoma: A Systematic Review of Biomarkers in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Sofie Vercammen, Huyen Thuc Tran Luong, Hilde De Cock, Ward De Spiegelaere, Antonio Cosma, Ario de Marco, Hilde de Rooster","doi":"10.1111/vco.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs is a malignant vascular tumour that exhibits rapid growth, frequent early metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies, often resulting in short survival times. Building on our previous systematic review of biomarkers in human angiosarcoma, this review focuses specifically on the canine counterpart, synthesizing current evidence on diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. A comprehensive PRISMA-compliant search of PubMed and Embase was conducted for studies published from 1996 through 2024, inclusive. Fifty-one eligible studies were identified and assessed for methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This review highlights promising protein, molecular, and haematological biomarker candidates, evaluates their clinical relevance, and identifies key gaps in the literature and existing knowledge. By drawing parallels to human angiosarcoma research, this work lays the foundation for comparative oncology efforts and supports the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapies for canine HSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediastinal Lymphoma in 70 Dogs Treated With Lomustine or Anthracycline-Based Multi-Agent Chemotherapy.","authors":"Diogo Machado, Jose Alvarez Picornell, Isabel Amores-Fuster, Sarah Benjamin, Thomas Kearns, Alenka Lavra Zajc, Yike Bing, Katie A McNaught, Maria Sava, Charlotte Johnston, Beth Rolf, Andrew D Yale","doi":"10.1111/vco.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary mediastinal lymphoma is rare in dogs and literature exploring this disease is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe presentation, treatment and outcome in a large cohort of dogs with mediastinal lymphoma and explore prognostic factors including chemotherapy protocol. This retrospective multi-institute study included 70 dogs with primary mediastinal lymphoma treated with lomustine-based (LOP/LOPP) or anthracycline-based (CHOP/CEOP) chemotherapy. Most immunophenotyped cases were of T-cell lineage (95.6%). The majority were substage b (90%) and hypercalcaemia was noted in 69.1% of dogs. Clinical and objective response rates to chemotherapy were 92.7% and 97.9%, respectively, with 76.6% of dogs achieving a complete response. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 132 days (95% CI 83-181), and median overall survival time (OST) was 223 days (95% CI 175-271). The 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates were 55.7%, 22.9%, and 15.7%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with longer PFS included hypercalcaemia (p = 0.041), chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (p = 0.014) and CD4+/CD8- immunophenotype (p = 0.004). Neutropenia at diagnosis was associated with shorter PFS (p = 0.015) and OST (p = 0.004). Other factors associated with shorter OST included granular morphology (p = 0.023) and CD4+/CD8+ immunophenotype (p = 0.004). Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was associated with improved OST (p = 0.042). Differences in outcome between anthracycline- or lomustine-based chemotherapy protocols were not statistically significant. Overall, the prognosis for primary mediastinal lymphoma in dogs is poor to fair when treated with multi-agent chemotherapy. This is the second study associating hypercalcaemia with improved PFS in dogs with non-indolent T-cell lymphoma. Results also suggest prognostic significance of specific CD4/CD8 expression patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"382-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}