Veterinary and comparative oncology最新文献

{"title":"Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine as a Predictor of Toxicity of Carboplatin in Dogs.","authors":"Alexandra Gareau, Mark G Papich, Brolin J Evans, Joanne L Intile","doi":"10.1111/vco.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) predicts carboplatin clearance and myelotoxicity in humans and cats. This relationship is unknown in dogs. In canines, elevated serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) correlates with reduced GFR. This study prospectively evaluated whether dogs with elevated SDMA (> 14 μg/dL) are at increased risk of hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity following carboplatin chemotherapy. Plasma samples were collected to determine if SDMA or other factors are significant determinants of carboplatin pharmacokinetics. Thirty client-owned dogs weighing > 15 kg with confirmed neoplasia were enrolled. Dogs received carboplatin intravenously (300 mg/m²). SDMA was measured on the day of treatment. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was done to identify possible covariates affecting pharmacokinetic parameters. Adverse effects were monitored with weekly complete blood counts and owner assessment forms. Five dogs had elevated SDMA; four had significantly reduced carboplatin clearance (mean 93.9, range 76.1-116.8 mL/h/kg) compared with dogs with SDMA ≤ 14 μg/dL (mean 185.4, range 114.3-268.3 mL/h/kg, p < 0.001). Three dogs with elevated SDMA experienced grade 4 neutropenia; one was euthanized due to sepsis. Two additional dogs with elevated SDMA were euthanized 5- and 13-days post treatment due to severe gastrointestinal signs. Twenty-five dogs had SDMA ≤ 14 μg/dL: 10 had asymptomatic grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 3 had grade 3 or 4 GI toxicity, and none died. Elevated SDMA was associated with decreased carboplatin clearance in dogs and predicted risk for treatment-related toxicity and death in our study population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"140-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Testing of an Owner-Reported Outcome Measure of Clinical Signs and Quality of Life in Dogs Treated With Chemotherapy.","authors":"Jenny Harris, Katie Sutton, Quentin Fournier, Jo Armes, Emma Ream, Nicholas Bacon","doi":"10.1111/vco.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in older dogs. Despite the prevalence of chemotherapy in canine oncology, a good understanding of owners' observations of side effects and clinical signs in real time is still lacking. Owners' perceptions and reporting of clinical signs play an important role in monitoring a dog's condition during treatment and the use of digital owner-reported outcome measures could prove efficient in tracking chemotherapy side effects in the home environment. This could improve care and draws inspiration from the human use of patient-reported outcome measures in oncology. We aimed to develop and test a prototype digital measure for monitoring clinical signs and health-related quality of life in dogs undergoing chemotherapy, designed to facilitate owner participation in monitoring and support veterinary care. A rapid literature review was conducted to identify existing measures and their methodological limitations. Items were generated based on the Veterinary Comparative Oncology Group-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, existing client-reported outcome measures, and expert veterinary opinion. Proof-of-Concept testing was performed with 29 dog owners with pets undergoing chemotherapy. Participants completed daily assessments of their dog's clinical signs and weekly quality of life surveys over a 21-day period. A sub-sample participated in cognitive interviews to assess content validity and acceptability. Descriptive statistics were used to assess clinical signs and quality of life scores. Internal consistency and item discrimination were evaluated, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. High adherence was reported, with a median of 21 daily and 3 weekly assessments completed. Participants found the assessments acceptable and beneficial. Fatigue, polydipsia, and anorexia were the most frequently reported clinical signs. Dogs experienced a median of 3 different clinical signs. The quality-of-life scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84). Participants appreciated the daily assessments, found them easy to complete, and believed the measure could help improve monitoring and decision-making during chemotherapy. The prototype tool, the Canine Cancer Outcome Measure (CAN-COM), demonstrated feasibility and acceptability for use by owners in the home environment for dogs undergoing chemotherapy. With further refinement and validation, such a tool could improve the monitoring of adverse events and support decision-making in veterinary oncology, enhancing the welfare of canine cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"80-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Frozen Section Histopathology, Imprint Cytology and Fine-Needle Aspirates for Detecting Canine Metastatic Mast Cell Tumour.","authors":"Alejandro Alvarez-Sanchez, Katy L Townsend, Elena Gorman, Milan Milovancev, Duncan S Russell","doi":"10.1111/vco.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-operative staging of canine mast cell tumour (MCT) currently relies on routine cytology to determine nodal metastasis. While frozen section nodal histopathology is commonly used in humans, its applicability to veterinary settings is poorly characterised. The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of frozen section (FS) histopathology for diagnosing metastatic MCT, as compared to a formalin-fixed histopathologic gold standard. Performances of imprint cytology (IC) and fine needle aspirates (FNA) were also evaluated. Forty-one lymph nodes from 20 dogs with MCT were collected and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Giemsa (formalin-fixed and frozen tissues), and Wright Giemsa and toluidine blue (IC and FNA). Nineteen out of 20 primary tumours were low grade. Frozen HE sections had poor agreement as compared to formalin-fixed HE histopathology (κ = 0.15); however, diagnostic performance increased to a good level of agreement when interpretation was combined with Giemsa (κ = 0.46). FNA and IC using Wright Giemsa had agreement comparable to combined frozen section histopathology (κ = 0.51 and 0.43, respectively). Combined frozen sections had a sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 93%, which was the same as FNA. Challenges encountered in morphologic interpretation of frozen sections included inadequate sectioning quality, architectural disruption, ruptured cells, and background metachromatic staining. These data provide support for FS histopathology as a feasible strategy for intra-operative detection of metastatic MCT, with diagnostic agreement similar to conventional cytology. Performance of FS histopathology is conditional upon a metachromatic stain evaluated in parallel with HE.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase 1 Dose Escalation of Single-Agent Mechlorethamine in Dogs With Lymphoma.","authors":"Laura E Chadsey, Paul R Hess, Joanne L Intile","doi":"10.1111/vco.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechlorethamine is commonly prescribed to dogs at 3 mg/m². The minimal toxicity observed indicates that higher doses of mechlorethamine are likely tolerable. The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of mechlorethamine in dogs with lymphoma. The secondary objectives were to describe the toxicity associated with increased mechlorethamine dose and to evaluate the response in treatment-naive dogs treated at the MTD. Dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed intermediate to large cell lymphoma were enrolled using a 3 + 3 dose escalation model, starting at 3.5 mg/m² mechlorethamine IV, with planned dose increments of 10%-15% between cohorts. Adverse events were monitored per VCOG-CTCAE guidelines. Dose-limiting toxicity was defined as any grade 3 or 4 adverse event. Thirty dogs were enrolled across nine cohorts. Two dogs treated at 12.3 mg/m² developed asymptomatic grade 4 neutropenia 7 days after mechlorethamine administration, leading to a MTD of 10.7 mg/m². Low-grade vomiting, diarrhoea, and inappetence were recorded amongst dogs at several dose levels and were managed with supportive medications. Six of 10 chemotherapy-naïve dogs treated at the MTD, representing a separate cohort, showed partial responses (PR) 7 days post-administration; however, PR was also observed at dosages ranging from 3.5 to 12.3 mg/m² in pre-treated patients. A higher dose of mechlorethamine than previously reported can be safely administered as a single agent to dogs. Increasing the dose of mechlorethamine in combination therapies might offer greater therapeutic benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Impact of Mast Cell Infiltration Detected by Flow Cytometry on Excised Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Dogs With Newly Diagnosed Mast Cell Tumours.","authors":"Carmit Chalfon, Silvia Sabattini, Fulvio Riondato, Giulia Iamone, Andrea Renzi, Luca Ciammaichella, Erica Ilaria Ferraris, Kevin Pascal Spindler, Laura Marconato","doi":"10.1111/vco.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a negative prognostic factor in canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). Flow cytometry (FC) can identify and quantify mast cells (MCs) in LNs. This tri-institutional prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of previously reported MC cut-off values in sentinel LNs (SLNs) detected by FC on clinical outcomes in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous MCTs, and to determine a prognostically significant cut-off. Dogs with newly diagnosed, previously untreated, single MCT scheduled for primary tumour excision and sentinel lymphadenectomy were enrolled. The SLNs of enrolled dogs were analysed using cytology and FC after excision. MCs were quantified as a percentage using FC, and SLNs were cytologically and histologically classified according to the Krick and Weishaar systems, respectively. The influence of potential prognostic variables, including MCs cut-offs > 1.1% and > 4%, on tumour progression and tumour-specific survival (TSS) was evaluated using Cox regression and log-rank analysis. The optimal cut-off for predicting tumour-related death was determined via ROC curves. A total of 64 dogs were enrolled. Dogs with nodal MC infiltration exceeding 1.1% and 4% were 10 and 40 times more likely, respectively, to experience tumour progression. SLN MC infiltration > 4% and HN3 SLN (observed in 9 out of 64 dogs) were associated with shorter TSS (median, 327 versus not reached; p < 0.001). The optimal SLN cut-off for predicting tumour-related death was 16%. These findings suggest that previously established cut-offs may hold prognostic value. Additional studies performing in vivo sampling with a larger number of events are necessary to validate this proposed cut-off.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"629-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Blood DNA Damage Precedes a Diagnosis of Canine Multicentric Lymphoma and Correlates With Environmental Chemical Exposures.","authors":"Ashleigh N Tindle, Brian M Hansford, Hannah Peterson, Brenna Swafford, Julia Labadie, Lauren A Trepanier","doi":"10.1111/vco.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine multicentric lymphoma is a common cancer in dogs without evidence-based prevention measures. While breed accounts for part of lymphoma risk, environmental exposures might also contribute. Human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which resembles canine lymphoma, is associated with exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and herbicides. Pet dogs are commonly exposed to these genotoxic chemicals, but it is unknown whether such exposures are associated with in vivo DNA damage as a potential contributor to lymphoma in dogs or whether early DNA damage can be detected before lymphoma diagnosis. The aims of this study were to determine whether DNA strand breaks or oxidised DNA residues precede a diagnosis of canine lymphoma and to assess whether DNA damage events correlate with estimated systemic exposures to the VOCs benzene, xylene and 1,3-butadiene or the herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate. In a nested case-control study within the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study, we found increased DNA strand breaks in dogs with lymphoma compared to controls at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.004). We also found higher oxidised DNA residues both at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.02) and in the year prior to diagnosis (p = 0.03). DNA strand breaks across all dogs and time points were positively correlated with estimated aggregate blood VOC exposures and estimated plasma 2,4-D and glyphosate concentrations. These data indicate that detectable oxidative DNA damage may precede a diagnosis of canine lymphoma and support the hypothesis that VOC and herbicide exposures might contribute to DNA strand breaks in pet dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"580-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Evaluation of a Cyclical, Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Protocol ('Quad-Shot') for the Treatment of Canine Nasal Tumours in 81 Dogs.","authors":"Inês Cabral, Konstantinos Rigas, Sarah Mason, Jérôme Benoit, James Elliott","doi":"10.1111/vco.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study evaluated a cyclical, hypofractionated palliative-intent radiotherapy protocol ('quad-shot', QS) in 81 dogs with sinonasal tumours treated between 2011 and 2023. The protocol consisted of a 'cycle' of four fractions of 3.25-4.0 Gy delivered over 48-72 h, repeated every 3-4 weeks, up to three cycles (maximum cumulative dose, 48 Gy). Most were treated with 3D conformal radiation therapy and a small number with a clinical setup. Carcinomas accounted for 78% of cases and tumours were modified Adams stage 1 (n = 5; 6%), 2 (n = 8; 10%), 3 (n = 29; 36%), 4 (n = 33; 41%) or unknown in n = 6 (7%). Ninety percent of patients received three full cycles to a total of 39-48 Gy, and 77% showed clinical improvement at presentation for Cycle 2 and 90% at presentation for Cycle 3. Median progression-free interval (PFI) was 207 days (95% CI: 124-290), and median overall survival time (OST) was 296 days (95% CI: 177-415). One-, two-, and 3-year survival rates were 40.6%, 17.2%, and 9.4%, respectively. Acute toxicity was generally mild, with conjunctivitis (33%), mucositis (7%), and radiodermatitis (6%) being the most frequent. Severe late toxicity was infrequent, but toxicities were considered likely under-reported. In the multivariable analysis, three QS cycles (vs. 1 or 2 cycles only) was a positive prognostic factor. The QS protocol resulted in improvements in nasal clinical signs, with survival outcomes comparable to other palliative radiation protocols. Toxicity was acceptable, despite the poor conformality of the radiation therapy in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"606-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Elective Nodal Irradiation for Dogs With Oral Malignant Melanoma Undergoing Hypofractionated Radiotherapy.","authors":"Patricia Gualtieri, Lisa Group, David M Ruslander, Michael W Nolan, Mary-Keara Boss","doi":"10.1111/vco.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypofractionated radiotherapy (hRT) is often used to treat dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM); however, there is no consensus as to whether clinically uninvolved regional lymph nodes should be prophylactically irradiated. The objective of this retrospective study is to compare outcomes for dogs with OMM treated with hRT+/- elective nodal irradiation (ENI). Dogs with nonmetastatic OMM undergoing hRT+/- ENI with a prescription of ≥ 30 Gy were included. Survival statistics were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank testing. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess how survival was impacted by the use of ENI, WHO T-stage, mitotic count, RT technique, and use of Oncept melanoma vaccine. Data from four institutions and 100 dogs (80 with ENI and 20 without) were included. In the ENI group, nodal and distant metastases were documented in 4 and 30 dogs, respectively. In the non-ENI group, nodal and distant metastases were documented in 6 and 4 dogs, respectively. There was no significant difference in the 1-year nodal or distant progression-free intervals (p = 0.174, and 0.563, respectively). The only variable maintaining significance on multivariable analysis was T-stage (overall progression-free survival, HR 1.393, p = 0.006; overall survival time, HR 1.426, p = 0.005; distant progression-free interval, HR 1.521, p = 0.033). ENI did not measurably alter the oncologic outcomes in this study population. Results should be interpreted cautiously given the lack of standardised staging/restaging and the heterogenous nature of this clinical population. Future investigations are needed to clarify the role of ENI in the treatment of canine OMM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"518-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Feline Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy Complex With Low Dose Abdominal Cavity Radiation Therapy.","authors":"Tracy L Gieger, Michael W Nolan, Jody Gookin, Victoria Elizabeth Watson","doi":"10.1111/vco.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of this prospective, single-arm pilot study was to assess tolerability and clinical benefit for cats with histologically confirmed lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic inflammatory enteropathy complex (FLL/CIE) treated with low-dose abdominal cavity radiation therapy (RT; 8 Gy total dose administered in four 2 Gy fractions). No cats received steroids or chemotherapy prior to RT. Fourteen cats were enrolled and 13 completed the study. Eight cats had enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma type II (FLL), and 6 cats had CIE (lymphoplasmacytic enteritis, 3 with concurrent eosinophilic enteritis). Nine of 13 cats (69%) had transient worsening of GI signs in the 1-3 weeks after RT, presumed secondary to RT and/or stress of travel/anaesthesia. Eight were managed as outpatients and one cat died after being syringe fed by the owner. Nine of the 12 remaining cats (75%; N = 6 with FLL and N = 3 with CIE) had a clinical benefit to treatment (resolution or improvement of GI signs as defined by owner surveys and body weight) that was sustained for > 340 days. Three cats experienced presumed or confirmed disease progression at 341, 465 and 449 days after RT and were treated with steroids. Six cats remained asymptomatic (N = 5) or stable (N = 1) at a median of 635 days after RT (range, 447-1014 days). Low-dose abdominal cavity RT could be considered for cats that cannot tolerate steroids and/or for owners that cannot pill cats routinely. Further optimisation of the protocol and use of RT as a rescue treatment for cats that fail traditional therapies are considerations for further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"549-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Evaluation of Canine Prostatic Carcinomas as a Model for the Human Disease: or 'UC or not UC - that is the question'.","authors":"Rachael Thomas, Jennifer A Luff, Allison N Dickey, Megan N Dillon, Isabella G Livingston, Carter A Schrag, Steven E Suter, Matthew Breen","doi":"10.1111/vco.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous canine prostate cancer (PC) is widely considered a pertinent clinical model for the human disease. While over 95% of PC in men are adenocarcinomas, arising from prostatic glandular epithelium, it is increasingly recognised that many canine PC are of urothelial origin, arising within the prostatic urethra or ducts, or through invasion from a primary urinary bladder tumour. At diagnosis, canine prostatic tumours are often poorly differentiated and widely disseminated, masking the primary site and limiting the sensitivity of cellular biomarkers. Consequently, published studies of canine PC show varying representation of glandular versus urothelial tumours, yielding conflicting observations regarding their molecular pathogenesis and clinical behaviour. We characterised DNA sequence mutations and copy number aberrations in 31 canine PC, seeking evidence supporting relevance as a disease model. Only three tumours resembled adenocarcinomas. The remainder were either histologically consistent with urothelial carcinoma (n = 15), showed mixed glandular and urothelial morphology (n = 4), or were carcinomas of undetermined cell type (n = 9). BRAF V588E mutation was detected in 87% of tumours, including all three adenocarcinomas. Urinary bladder involvement was evident in 46% of cases, but none of the adenocarcinomas. Genome-wide DNA copy number instability was apparent throughout the cohort, with chromosome 36 gain significantly associated with urothelial tumours. Hallmark alterations of human PC, such as defects within PI3K and androgen receptor signalling pathways, were not detected. Improved molecular subclassification of canine PC is needed to direct selection of relevant cases for modelling the human disease and to ensure appropriate extrapolation between canine and human studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"528-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}