Veterinary and comparative oncology最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic Implications of Decorin, E-Cadherin and EGFR Expression in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Canine Mammary Carcinomas.","authors":"Bethânia Almeida Gouveia, Fernanda Ramalho Ramos, Ingrid Kester Lima Silva, Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira, Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos, José Guilherme Xavier, Ricardo Francisco Strefezzi","doi":"10.1111/vco.13042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is the most aggressive variant of invasive mammary tumours in dogs and in women. Decorin is an extracellular matrix molecule whose expression can be reduced or absent in various human cancers, which is associated with a poor prognosis. E-cadherin is a cell adhesion protein whose expression is reduced in several neoplasms. However, it is overexpressed in inflammatory breast cancers of women. EGFR is also associated with cancer development and is commonly overexpressed in aggressive neoplasms. This study aimed to characterise the expressions of Decorin, E-cadherin, and EGFR in canine inflammatory and non-inflammatory mammary carcinomas (IMC and non-IMC) and to evaluate their expression levels as prognostic indicators for survival and occurrence of metastases. Thirty-three IMC and 43 non-IMC cases were analysed retrospectively and submitted to immunohistochemical analysis. The reactions were quantified in five high-power field images from areas of the highest intensity and frequency of immunostaining (hot spots). We found significantly lower expression of Decorin and higher of E-cadherin and EGFR in canine IMCs. Patients with tumours that exhibited Decorin expression in less than 26.35% of epithelial cells had shorter survival (p = 0.0410) and a higher occurrence of distant metastases (p = 0.0115). E-cadherin is overexpressed in canine IMCs (p < 0.0001), similar to what occurs in women, reinforcing that dogs can be used as a study model for human IMC. EGFR overexpression in canine IMCs (p = 0.0322) provides evidence for potential targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Guidelines for Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Pedro Antônio Bronhara Pimentel, Antonio Giuliano, Petros Odatzoglou, Natalia Ignatenko, Raphael Rocha Wenceslau, Isabella Oliveira Almeida, Paloma Helena Sanches da Silva, Mariana de Pádua Costa, Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta","doi":"10.1111/vco.13038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) has evolved since its initial description in 1810. Initially considered untreatable in the early 20th century, extensive research over time has significantly advanced our understanding of its aetiopathogenesis. This led to successful chemotherapy treatments, which have shown superior outcomes compared to surgical interventions. Vincristine, in particular, has proven effective in treating CTVT. However, the development of chemoresistance underscores the need to explore alternative therapeutic options. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of CTVT treatment practices from 1950 to 2023, aiming to establish a gold standard and enhance clinical decision-making. Initially, 3633 studies were identified, with 42 meeting the eligibility criteria. Our findings suggest that vincristine sulphate monotherapy is the recommended first-line treatment for CTVT. Administering vincristine intravenously at a dosage of 0.5-0.75 mg/m² weekly for 4-6 sessions resulted in a 93.1% (67.4%-100%) complete response rate in dogs. Extending the treatment to eight sessions increased the complete response rate to 98.9% (83.3%-100%). Radiation therapy, lomustine and doxorubicin are viable second-line treatment options; however, extensive cohort studies are required to confirm their efficacy in achieving remission in vincristine-resistant cases. Additionally, no clear criteria could be established for initiating treatment with drugs other than vincristine in previously untreated dogs. Surgery is considered a third-line option. Notably, complete remission is anticipated following recommended systemic and local therapies in nearly all cases. Despite concerns about chemoresistance, current guidelines indicate a favourable response to suggested treatments even in resistant cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Delayed Radiotoxicity Associated With Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Following a Daily 6 Gy × 5 (30 Gy) Protocol for Presumed Canine Intracranial Meningiomas.","authors":"James Elliott","doi":"10.1111/vco.13040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-delayed side effects (EDSEs) following treatment of canine intracranial meningiomas with 1-3-fraction stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) can cause worsening neurologic signs, and one potential method of mitigating this toxicity is reducing the dose per fraction. Twenty dogs with imaging-diagnosed intracranial meningiomas and telephone follow-up of at least 6 months received a protocol of 6 Gy × 5, daily (30 Gy). A 'possible EDSE' was defined as mental dullness, neurologic exacerbation of existing neurologic signs or new neurologic signs occurring within 1-4 months of completing SRT, regardless of the response to steroids and even if an MRI was not performed. A 'probable EDSE' was defined as mental dullness, neurologic exacerbation of existing neurologic signs or new neurologic signs occurring within 1-4 months of completing SRT. These signs were either reversible with the initiation or increased doses of prednisolone, or follow-up MRI revealed no evidence of an alternate explanation. No dogs experienced acute radiotoxicity or clinical signs compatible with EDSEs. The protocol appears to result in limited acute radiotoxicity, and further evaluation of the frequency of long-term toxicities and relative efficacy should be undertaken.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Level of Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2 (CCL2) in Canine Urothelial Carcinomas, Mast Cell Tumours, and Insulinomas, and Its Correlation With Circulating Monocytes.","authors":"Naomi Shimizu, Annick Hamaide, Stéphanie Noël, Cécile Clercx, Erik Teske","doi":"10.1111/vco.13056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a strong monocyte chemoattractant that has been shown to be increased in humans and dogs with neoplasia. Although in human urothelial carcinoma (UCa) CCL2 levels increase with metastatic disease, a previous study showed an opposite trend in dogs. The aim of this study was to assess serum CCL2 levels in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) and insulinoma with or without metastasis. The second aim was to evaluate any correlation between CCL2 serum levels and circulating monocyte counts in UCa, MCT and insulinoma. Serum CCL2 levels were significantly higher in dogs affected with MCT or insulinoma compared to healthy dogs (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, low levels of serum CCL2 were associated with metastasis in insulinoma-affected dogs (p = 0.04) similarly to UCa-affected dogs. However, in the MCT group, low levels of serum CCL2 were associated with non-metastatic disease (p = 0.0045). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, optimal cut-off values were determined for CCL2 concentration in order to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the test. Good accuracy was reached for CCL2 as a diagnostic marker, but it was poor as a staging marker. In conclusion, a dual role of CCL2 has been shown in different tumour types. A low level of CCL2 was associated with metastatic disease in dogs with insulinoma similarly to UCa-affected dogs. In contrast, a low level of CCL2 was associated with a non-metastatic disease in dogs with MCT. There was only a moderate correlation between CCL2 and circulating monocyte count in our study in both Uca and MCT, and a fair opposite correlation in insulinoma, leading to hypothesise that the influx of monocytes may be better observed in the tumour itself rather than in the circulation. These results could help to further understand CCL2 in the tumour microenvironment and its possibility as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"300-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of Gene Expression in Canine Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma Using a NanoString-Based Urine Assay.","authors":"Ellen Marie Kuerbitz, Deepika Dhawan, Sagar Utturkar, Mario Francis Sola, Alexander William Enstrom, Lindsey Marie Fourez, Deborah Wagner Knapp","doi":"10.1111/vco.13046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For human and canine invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC), there is growing interest in using the molecular characteristics of a tumour to guide individualised treatment strategies. The objective of this study was to use a non-invasive, urine-based method to characterise gene expression signatures in dogs with InvUC. RNA was isolated from canine InvUC tumour samples, urine sediment from dogs with InvUC, normal canine bladder mucosa, and normal canine urine sediment and queried using the nCounter Canine Immuno-Oncology Panel. Differential gene expression profiles were characterised for tissue and urine samples, and nCounter results were compared to bulk RNA-seq gene expression profiles. The effect of spiking normal urine with white blood cells (WBCs) from the same dog was also assessed. Key genes involved in antitumor immune responses and oncogenic signalling pathways, including potential small molecule inhibitor targets, were differentially expressed in tumour and urine samples from dogs with InvUC, compared to normal samples. nCounter-generated gene expression profiles for tumour tissue and urine from dogs with InvUC were highly correlated, whereas the correlation between the nCounter IO panel and bulk RNA-seq results for InvUC tissue was moderate. The addition of WBCs to normal urine affected the gene expression profiles. Analysis of canine urine using the nCounter canine IO panel has good potential for revealing gene expression patterns in InvUC. Additional studies are warranted to determine the extent to which WBC infiltration affects the results related to immune response patterns and the expression of other genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 mRNA In Situ Expression by Canine Oral Melanoma Cells and Immune Cells of the Tumour Microenvironment.","authors":"Greta Foiani, Erica Melchiotti, Katia Capello, Ilaria Porcellato, Chiara Brachelente, Selina Iussich, Davide Giacobino, Emanuela Morello, Marina Martano, Paolo Buracco, Marta Vascellari","doi":"10.1111/vco.13039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine oral melanoma (OM) exhibits poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in human melanoma has driven interest in similar therapeutic approaches in the dog, although the immunosuppressive mechanisms adopted by canine OM remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the immune checkpoints PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 by RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) in canine OM, to investigate their expression pattern and explore their potential role in melanoma progression. Twenty-four formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine OM were included in the study. PD-L1 expression by tumour cells was detected in 100% melanomas (score 1-3), especially at the host-tumour interface. PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression by tumour cells was detected in 13/24 (54%, score 1-2) and 18/24 (75%, score 1) melanomas, respectively. Dual ISH-immunohistochemistry with Melanoma Triple Cocktail, CD3, CD20 and Iba1 demonstrated the expression of tested immune checkpoints in neoplastic and immune cells. Notably, PD-1 and CTLA-4 were predominantly expressed by tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes, while PD-L1 was primarily expressed by tumour-associated macrophages. PD-1 expression in neoplastic cells was significantly correlated with mitotic count (p < 0.05), while no associations were found between immune checkpoint expression and disease-free interval or overall survival. Whole tumour PD-L1 and PD-1 expression, assessed by image analysis, correlated to PD-L1 scores in neoplastic cells and the grade of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively. Collectively, PD-L1, PD-1 and CTLA-4 likely contribute to immunosuppression in canine OM. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether ISH can serve as a biomarker for selecting patients suitable for ICI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/Cyclohydrolase 2 Promotes an Epithelial-Like Phenotype in Canine Mammary Carcinoma Cells.","authors":"Yukino Machida, Remika Onagi, Kazuhiko Ochiai, Tatsunori Nishimura, Tomokazu Nagashima, Takayuki Nakagawa, Noriko Gotoh, Masaki Michishita","doi":"10.1111/vco.13055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In cancer cells, folate is metabolised in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Folate metabolism mediates nucleic acid synthesis and, thereby, the growth of cancer cells. One of the enzymes within this folate metabolic pathway, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2), is rarely expressed in normal adult cells but is abundantly expressed in the mitochondria and nuclei of foetal and cancer cells in humans and mice. In this study, we examined the localisation and function of MTHFD2 in canine mammary cancer cells. MTHFD2 was expressed in the nuclei and mitochondria of canine mammary carcinoma cell lines. Short-term inhibition of MTHFD2 with an inhibitor reduced the growth of each cell line. Furthermore, long-term decreased expression, mimicked by the knockdown of MTHFD2 by RNA interference, resulted in epithelial-like cell morphology and reduced migratory ability without inducing apoptosis. Increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in MTHFD2-knock down cells suggested an enhanced epithelial-like phenotype through the inhibition of MTHFD2. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the function of MTHFD2 in canine mammary carcinomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"290-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Enzyme Is Overexpressed in Various Solid Canine Tumours: An Immunohistochemical Study.","authors":"Shana De Vos, Simone Janssen, Sophie Favril, Hilde De Cock, Matthijs Vynck, Jonas Steenbrugge, Ward De Spiegelaere, Hilde de Rooster","doi":"10.1111/vco.13053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is crucial for cellular regulation and DNA repair. Its immunohistochemical overexpression is known in various human neoplasms, but it was not yet a topic of veterinary research. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine samples of 15 controls and 34 tumours were immunohistochemically tested for PARP-1 expression. Controls included five skin samples with mast cells, five oral mucosa samples and five thyroid glands. Tumours included 18 mast cell tumours (MCTs), 10 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and six follicular thyroid carcinomas. A board-certified veterinary pathologist defined the optimal region for the blind PARP-1 evaluation, assessed by two independent veterinary PhD students. Positive nuclei were evaluated by the immunoreactivity score (IRS) and quick score (QS) and, for both scores, the averages of the two observers were used for statistical analysis. In all MCTs, 6/10 SCCs and all thyroid carcinomas as well as four thyroid controls a nuclear expression was observed. A cytoplasmic granular staining was visible in all dermal mast cells and in 11/18 MCTs due to non-specific antibody uptake. No PARP-1 was expressed in 11/15 controls.Compared to the controls, thyroid carcinomas significantly overexpressed PARP-1 when calculated by IRS and QS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). The latter also applied to the MCTs (p = 0.001). A significantly higher PARP-1 IRS and QS were observed in thyroid carcinomas (p = 0.003, p = 0.005) and MCTs (p = 0.003, p = 0.012) compared to oral SCCs. The immunohistochemical PARP-1 overexpression in these tumours invites further research to assess its potential as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"267-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Changes in Canine Thyroid Cancer Terminology on Caregiver Anxiety Levels and Treatment Preferences in a Scenario-Based Study.","authors":"Bryanna M Glasspool, Laura Blackwood, Kelly L Bowlt Blacklock","doi":"10.1111/vco.13044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In human medicine, the choice of medical terminology influences patients' choice of management options and associated anxiety levels in relation to their diagnoses. The objective of this study was to determine the association between canine caregiver's treatment choices and anxiety levels when papillary thyroid cancer is described with or without the term cancer. This randomised cross-sectional study surveyed 683 people over 18 years old over 8.5 months. Respondents ranked their treatment preference (total thyroidectomy, active surveillance, medical therapy, or radiation therapy) following a scenario-based diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), thyroid papillary lesion (TPL) or abnormal cells (AC) in their canine pet. Respondents stated their level of anxiety associated with the diagnosis and treatment choice. Of 683 respondents, 622 (91.7%) were female. When presented with a diagnosis of PTC, TPL or AC, 78.1%, 34.2% and 59.3% of participants, respectively, reported being anxious or very anxious about this diagnosis (p < 0.01). Surgery was chosen as a first-choice treatment for PTC, TPL and AC by 71.8%, 39.8% and 53.8% of respondents, respectively, whereas active surveillance was chosen as a first-choice treatment by 24.5%, 57.5% and 43.9% of respondents, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in first-choice treatment selection (p < 0.01) and anxiety levels related to treatment (p < 0.01) between the three different terms. The terminology used when presenting caregivers with a diagnosis of PTC influences treatment choices and levels of anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography for Identification of Potential Malignancy in Canine Colorectal Mesenchymal Tumours.","authors":"Alexandria D Bourgeois, Owen T Skinner, James J Karnia, Amanda C Smith, Dae Young Kim, Aitor Gallastegui, Maureen A Griffin, Meaghan O'Neill, Brandan G Wustefeld-Janssens, Gabrielle S Fontes, Laura E Selmic, Marine Traverson, Carlos H de M Souza, Judith Bertran, Brian Thomsen, Arathi Vinayak, Megan A Mickelson","doi":"10.1111/vco.13047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vco.13047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-sectional imaging may be used to characterise the location and extent of colorectal mesenchymal tumours (CRMTs). Given the anticipated variation in tumour behaviour and varying morbidity based on surgical margins, a reliable, non-invasive means of predicting malignant potential could facilitate case management. The purpose of this multi-institutional, retrospective study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced CT for distinguishing benign and malignant CRMTs. Twenty-seven dogs with CRMTs were included. Initial diagnoses were reviewed, and slides or blocks were available for 24/27 dogs for further histologic review and immunohistochemical labelling for smooth muscle actin, KIT and vimentin. Two masked radiologists reviewed DICOM images for tumour characteristics, including a final, binary, consensus, subjective interpretation of malignancy. Eighteen tumours (66.7%) were classified as leiomyoma, one (3.7%) as a benign other non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumour (benign), one (3.7%) as leiomyosarcoma, and seven (25.9%) as gastrointestinal stromal tumour (malignant). Agreement between radiologists ranged from none to weak for categorical variables, with no agreement (κ = 0.135) for the final assessment of a tumour as benign or malignant. Substantial overlap was noted between groups, with no single categorical variable demonstrating high accuracy as a predictor of malignancy. Consensus final assessment was a sensitive (80.0%) but not specific (29.4%) predictor of malignancy (accuracy: 48.2%). No association was identified between CT determination of malignancy and histologic determination of malignancy (p = 0.678). Non-standardised contrast-enhanced CT was ineffective at distinguishing malignant from benign CRMTs in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23693,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and comparative oncology","volume":" ","pages":"216-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}