Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.33451.revack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.33451.revack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"78-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and <i>In Vivo</i> Antimalarial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of <i>Spilanthes filicaulis</i> on Mice Subjected to <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>.","authors":"Bankole Emmanuel Ofeniforo, Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro, Charles Ebere Dike, Eleojo Samuel Agada, Kemi Feyisayo Akinwunmi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> Malaria airs a life-threatening risk in Tropical African countries, stemming from infection by <i>Plasmodium</i> species. This region is richly endowed by nature with a wealth of diverse and largely unexplored plants that hold the potential for managing this protozoan parasite. The currently accessible over-the-counter drugs for disease management often present affordability challenges for the average person, exacerbated by the parasite's increasing resistance to them. This study investigated the phytoconstituents present in the ethyl acetate fraction of <i>Spilanthes filicaulis</i> (EFSF) and explored the antimalarial effects of EFSF on mice infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Standard methods and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify phytoconstituents. Chloroquine phosphate-sensitive <i>P. berghei</i> (NK-65) was intraperitoneally inoculated into Swiss mice. The <i>in vivo</i> antimalarial activity of EFSF was assessed at dose levels of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg, using 4-day suppressive and curative antimalarial models. Parameters evaluated in the inoculated mice included rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW), packed cell volume (PCV), level of parasitemia, and mean survival time (MST). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were the identified phytochemicals present in EFSF, and GC-MS alongside reveals the presence of 20 bioactive compounds predominantly fatty acids and alcohol esters. Significant prevention of reductions in RT, BW, and PCV was observed in the EFSF-treated groups dose dependently relative to the untreated group. In addition, EFSF-treated groups significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) suppressed parasitemia and exhibited chemosuppression of 79.46% and 77.38% in 4-day suppressive, whereas suppression of 59.74% and 58.66% in curative treatment, respectively, at 500 and 750 mg/kg thus consequently extending the MST of infected treated mice compared with the untreated group. <b><i>Interpretation and Conclusion:</i></b> Put together, the EFSF exhibited enhanced antimalarial efficacy against mice infected with <i>P. berghei</i> thus affirming that plants still maintain lead way as a potential source of novel antimalarial remedies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precognition of Known And Unknown Biothreats: A Risk-Based Approach.","authors":"Romelito L Lapitan","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0169","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data mining and artificial intelligence algorithms can estimate the probability of future occurrences with defined precision. Yet, the prediction of infectious disease outbreaks remains a complex and difficult task. This is demonstrated by the limited accuracy and sensitivity of current models in predicting the emergence of previously unknown pathogens such as Zika, Chikungunya, and SARS-CoV-2, and the resurgence of Mpox, along with their impacts on global health, trade, and security. Comprehensive analysis of infectious disease risk profiles, vulnerabilities, and mitigation capacities, along with their spatiotemporal dynamics at the international level, is essential for preventing their transnational propagation. However, annual indexes about the impact of infectious diseases provide a low level of granularity to allow stakeholders to craft better mitigation strategies. A quantitative risk assessment by analytical platforms requires billions of near real-time data points from heterogeneous sources, integrating and analyzing univariable or multivariable data with different levels of complexity and latency that, in most cases, overwhelm human cognitive capabilities. Autonomous biosurveillance can open the possibility for near real-time, risk- and evidence-based policymaking and operational decision support.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"795-801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Correction of:</i> \"Adam Baker, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, Jennifer Borski, and William E. Grant. Increasing Incidence of Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2012 Through 2016. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Nov 2020. 855-859.\" doi: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2598.","authors":"Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Adam Baker, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, Jennifer Borski, William E Grant","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"848-849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of Host Blood Meal from Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Kerala, India.","authors":"Harish Kumar Shah, P A Fathima, P M Ajithlal, Jessu S Mathew, Prasanta Saini","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0168","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Female phlebotomine sandflies serve as vectors for the transmission of Leishmania parasites, perpetuating an enzootic cycle by disseminating between sylvatic and domestic animals. Humans form a part of this cycle because the sandflies search for a blood source required for egg development. The present study aimed to identify the feeding preferences of different sandfly fauna from six districts of Kerala, India, using molecular tools. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> An entomological survey was conducted during 2021-2023 in Kollam, Kottayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Malappuram, and Palakkad. Both indoor and outdoor habitats were targeted from sandfly collection using different standard tools and methods. Sandflies were identified using standard taxonomic keys, and DNA was extracted from blood meal collected from sandflies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 7366 sandfly specimens were collected during the study period, which belonged to three different genera and 19 species. Blood source was successfully identified from 119 sandflies revealing that the Sergentomyia genus preferably fed on small reptiles and amphibians, whereas Phlebotomus genus was found to mainly feed on mammalian and avian blood. Sergentomyia zeylanica was an exception, as it primarily fed on mammalian blood sources. Interestingly, humans were the second feeding source for Phlebotomus species, which are the proven vectors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Comprehending the feeding patterns of sandflies is crucial, not just for public health but also for obtaining insights into the ecological dynamics between vectors and hosts, ultimately enabling more efficient strategies for disease control and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"808-816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit Is Useful for Detection of Recombinant and Secretory Nonstructural-1 Protein Antigen of Dengue Virus.","authors":"Philip Raj Abraham, Tharini Gopinath, Akash Dhotre, Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0009","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Dengue is a mosquito-borne tropical disease, caused by the Dengue virus (DENV). It has become a severe problem and is a rising threat to public health. In this study, we have evaluated commercial Merilisa i Dengue NS1 Antigen kit (Meril LifeSciences India Pvt. Ltd.) to detect recombinant dengue virus 2 NS1 antigen (rDNS1Ag) and secreted forms of NS1 antigen (sDNS1Ag). <b>Methods:</b> To determine the detection limit of the kit, 100 nanogram (ng) to 0.001 ng rDNS1Ag was tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the kit was determined using recombinant NS1 antigens of all serotypes of DENV and other flaviviruses. For testing sDNS1Ag, the culture supernatant of the Vero cell lines infected with DENV-2 was tested. Further, a spiking experiment was carried out to check the sensitivity of the kit to detect rDNS1Ag in the pools of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes. <b>Results:</b> It was observed that the kit can detect the rDNS1Ag at 1 ng concentration. The kit was sensitive to detect NS1 antigen of DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes and specific for detection of only DNS1Ag as it did not cross-react with NS1 antigen of flaviviruses. The kit was sensitive to detect rDNS1Ag in the mosquito pools as well. In addition, the kit was able to detect the sDNS1Ag in Vero cell culture supernatant. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, we observed that the Merilisa i Dengue NS1 Ag kit is sensitive and specific for the detection of DNS1Ag both in recombinant and secretory forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"817-825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in Vaginal Swab Samples from Sheep That Aborted.","authors":"Oliver Sánchez-Rodríguez, Erika G Palomares-Resendiz, Efrén Díaz-Aparicio, Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso, Luary C Martínez-Chavarría, Guadalupe Martínez-Serrano, Rigoberto Hernández-Castro","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0153","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the etiological agent of Q fever in humans and one of the causes of abortion in small ruminants. Although coxiellosis is considered an exotic disease, there are a few reports in Mexico. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The objective of this work was to determine the presence of <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> DNA in vaginal samples from sheep that presented abortion and ram semen. A total of 180 vaginal exudate samples and 20 semen samples were obtained from five Central and Southern States of Mexico. Total DNA was extracted from vaginal swabs and <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing of the IS<i>1111</i> insertion sequence. <b><i>Results and Conclusion:</i></b> In total, 110 (110/180) vaginal samples and 12 (12/20) semen samples were positive for <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i>. This is the first report of <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> in sheep that aborted and in ram semen in Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"838-841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Correction of:</i> \"Alexandra Bishop, Jennifer Borski, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Taylor G. Donaldson, Avery Michalk, Annie Montgomery, Samantha Heldman, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, William E. Grant, and Pete D. Teel. Increasing Incidence of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses in the United States, 2010-2018.<i>Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases</i>. Sep 2022. 491-497.\" doi: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0021.","authors":"Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Alexandra Bishop, Jennifer Borski, Taylor G Donaldson, Avery Michalk, Annie Montgomery, Samantha Heldman, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, William E Grant, Pete D Teel","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0059","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"850-851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of <i>Leptospira</i> in the Blood of Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin in Sinaloa, Mexico.","authors":"Rogelio Lagarde-Guerrero, María de Jesús Navarro-Arias, Sergio Alonso Duran-Pérez, Ignacio Osuna-Ramírez, Lorenzo Ulises Osuna-Martínez, Elizabeth Gonzáles-Durán, José Guadalupe Rendon-Maldonado","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0001","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background</i></b><i>: Leptospira</i> is a genus of bacteria that causes the zoonotic disease known as leptospirosis, which mainly affects countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Its prevalence may be underestimated because the initial stage of the infection is characterized by presenting a febrile condition that is easily confused with other diseases, such as dengue. This work reports the frequency of leptospirosis in the blood of patients with febrile symptoms of unknown origin. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 218 peripheral blood samples were analyzed from volunteer participants from Culiacan Sinaloa in June 2019, one half corresponded to patients with undiagnosed febrile symptoms and the other half to asymptomatic volunteers. Data collected included the age and sex of the participants. <i>Leptospira</i> was detected by qPCR using a fragment of the <i>lipL32</i> gene from the bacteria's genome as a target. Fisher's exact test was used as a statistical method to estimate the relationship between the infection and the data collected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study group comprised 134 female and 84 male patients ranging from ages 1 to 92 years, averaging 41 years. In this study, <i>Leptospira</i> infection was identified in the blood of 22/218 participating volunteers (10.09%), of which 20/109 (18.34%) presented febrile symptoms, whereas 2/109 (1.83%) were asymptomatic. The most affected participants were women with ages between 27 and 59 years. However, the analysis of the relationship between infection and the variables studied did not show statistical significance. <b><i>Conclusions</i></b>: Leptospirosis was detected in blood samples from patients with undiagnosed febrile illness and asymptomatic symptoms in Sinaloa. The <i>lipL32</i> gene is useful as a target in identifying Leptospira in human blood in the acute phase of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"802-807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lyme Disease Confirmatory Western Blot Is Redundant for Screen Negative Samples in Low Endemic Areas, British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Emily Kon, Hansi Adikari, Yvonne Simpson, Quantine Wong, Jonathan Laley, Navdeep Chahil, Muhammad Morshed","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0042","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto</i> is the causative agent of Lyme disease (LD). Possible early symptoms include flu-like symptoms and erythema migrans and later, the risk of disruption of the nervous system, joints, and heart. A two-tiered testing method is employed for serological diagnostics. The Public Health Agency of Canada guidelines recommend that samples tested negative on first-tiered test need not be confirmed by second-tiered test. Due to the challenging nature of diagnosis leading to misconceptions among physicians about false negatives, confirmatory testing is requested despite the initial negative result. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Hundred screen-negative Lyme patient samples from 2007 to 2016 were tested by Western blot (WB) second-tiered confirmatory test upon physician's request in British Columbia to study the first-tiered screening test sufficiency. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Those negative for first-tiered enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also negative by WB. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Results demonstrate that confirmatory testing is not necessary on screen-negative samples. Hence, first-tiered test is sufficient to rule out LD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"835-837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}