Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

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Evolution of Lyme Borreliosis Epidemiology in Primary Care and Hospital Settings in France During the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID-19 大流行期间法国基层医疗机构和医院莱姆病流行病学的演变。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0006
Charles Nuttens, Stéphanie Duret, Antoine Bessou, Elisabeth Baux, Jean-François Faucher, Andreas Pilz, Jennifer C Moïsi, James H Stark
{"title":"Evolution of Lyme Borreliosis Epidemiology in Primary Care and Hospital Settings in France During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Charles Nuttens, Stéphanie Duret, Antoine Bessou, Elisabeth Baux, Jean-François Faucher, Andreas Pilz, Jennifer C Moïsi, James H Stark","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0006","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Lyme borreliosis (LB) remains a public health concern in France despite improved patient management and medical care. Stay-at-home restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected participation in outdoor recreational activities and disrupted access to health care services, may have impacted the risk of developing LB. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed data from two general practitioner networks in France (Sentinel Network and an electronic medical records database [EMR]) and the national hospital discharge database to describe LB epidemiology in 2020-2021 and compare it to previous years. Google Trends' search volume was used to evaluate the association between the population's interest in LB and the evolving epidemiology. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Annual LB incidence rates in primary care decreased from 104 cases/100,000 population in 2018 to 71/100,000 in 2021 and from 82/100,000 to 60/100,000 according to Sentinel Network and EMR, respectively. Google Trends' search volume for \"Lyme\" followed a similar trend, one year earlier. Annual hospitalizations were stable from 2012-2019 (1.6/100,000 on average) and declined to 1.3/100,000 in 2020 and 1.1/100,000 in 2021. This decline was observed primarily in adults (<i>e.g.,</i> 3.4/100,000 in 2017-2019 to 1.8/100,000 in 2020-2021 for 70-79 years of age). Changes in regional incidence rates in primary care from 2017-2019 to 2020-2021 ranged from -75% to 208%. Hospitalizations decreased in all regions except in Bretagne. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The estimated LB incidence decreased in 2020 and 2021 compared with previous years but this change may not be related to COVID-19. The incidence decrease observed in primary care could result from reduced population interest in LB, leading to lower care-seeking behavior. The decrease in LB hospitalizations may be explained by changes in clinical practice. Surveillance systems are critical to understand the evolution of LB epidemiology. However, external factors impacting incidence estimates should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"720-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Infection from a Bunker, a Case Report on a "One Health" Approach. 来自掩体的蜱传复发性热病感染,关于 "一种健康 "方法的病例报告。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0041
Gabriela Kleinerman, Mor Rittblat, Gad Baneth, Sagi Gavriel, Yaarit Nahum-Biala, Dan Grinstein, Nufar Dagan, Lavie Chaim
{"title":"Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Infection from a Bunker, a Case Report on a \"One Health\" Approach.","authors":"Gabriela Kleinerman, Mor Rittblat, Gad Baneth, Sagi Gavriel, Yaarit Nahum-Biala, Dan Grinstein, Nufar Dagan, Lavie Chaim","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0041","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) caused by <i>Borrelia persica</i> is an endemic disease in Israel and highly prevalent in military personnel. Prevention among the Israel Defense Force soldiers is based on increased awareness mainly in hyperendemic areas and selective postexposure prophylaxis with doxycycline. In this study, we report the presence of a suspected outbreak of TBRF in four soldiers who spent 30 h inside a deserted bunker. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Clinical data on TBRF suspected cases were retrieved from clinical records, soft ticks were collected using carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) traps and their DNA was extracted and analysed by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Environmental conditions such as relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed, and type of soil, as well as presence or absence of animal traces inside the bunkers were documented. <b><i>Results:</i></b> TBRF-like clinical symptoms in the patients included: tick bite scars, fever (37.5-39.2°C), rash, tachycardia, hypotension, myalgia, cough, headache, cervical lymphadenopathy and nausea. Microscopic search for <i>B. persica</i> in blood smears was performed in three patients and was negative. Out of the 255 <i>Ornithodoros tholozani</i> ticks collected from the bunker, 198 were analyzed and 2 (1%) were infected with <i>B. persica</i>. To determine if tick infestation in military bunkers is a common phenomenon, we surveyed nine additional military bunkers located in four different geographical areas for the presence of soft ticks. Only one additional bunker was infested with two <i>O. tholozani</i> ticks, both negative for <i>B. persica</i>. Presence of earth that probably helped sustain a relatively big tick population was observed on the floor in the highly infested bunker. Environmental treatment with lambda-cyhalothrin at 9.7% was performed and showed efficacy with no ticks recovered in the infested bunker 124 days after intervention. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study shows that military bunkers may harbor soft ticks infected with <i>B. persica</i> and entrance into bunkers should be considered as a risk for acquiring this infection like entrance into natural caves and archeological ruins.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"738-744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of Various Rickettsial Species in Ticks Collected from Small Ruminants in Western Iran. 从伊朗西部小反刍动物身上采集的蜱虫中检测到各种立克次体。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0014
Meysam Moravedji, Mina Latifian, Maryam Rahravani, Ehsan Mostafavi, Hamid Seyfi, Mehrdad Mohammadi, Mohammad Mahdi Mozoun, John Stenos, Saber Esmaeili
{"title":"Detection of Various Rickettsial Species in Ticks Collected from Small Ruminants in Western Iran.","authors":"Meysam Moravedji, Mina Latifian, Maryam Rahravani, Ehsan Mostafavi, Hamid Seyfi, Mehrdad Mohammadi, Mohammad Mahdi Mozoun, John Stenos, Saber Esmaeili","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0014","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Most of the rickettsioses are transmitted by ticks, and often overlooked by the medical profession, but are clinically important as they cause major human diseases. Recent studies have shown the existence of some rickettsial species in Iran, but very little information is available about the status of rickettsial epidemiology and ecology. This study investigated the presence of <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. in ticks and ruminants in western of Iran by molecular methods. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> 250 blood samples were collected from sheep and goats, as well as 244 ticks were collected opportunistically from ruminants in the Kurdistan province. The collected samples were tested using a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>16SrRNA</i> gene. <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. positive by the qPCR were further amplified by conventional PCR of the <i>gltA</i> and <i>OmpA</i> genes. These ampliqons were further analyzed by sequencing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The ticks species collected in this study included <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i>, <i>Rh. turanicus</i>, <i>Haemaphysalis concinna</i>, and <i>Dermacentor marginatus</i>. In total, DNA of <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. was detected in 131 collected ticks (53.7%). Of the positives, <i>Rickettsia slovaca</i> (59.2%) and <i>Ri. hoogstraalii</i> (16.3%) were the most common species identified followed by <i>Ri. raoultii</i>, <i>Ri. massiliae</i>, <i>Ri. sibirica</i>, and <i>Ri. conorii</i> subsp. <i>israelensis</i>. In contrast, there were no positives observed in the blood samples collected from ruminants. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results indicate the presence of rickettsial species in ticks. The detection of these pathogens is significant because they cause clinical disease in humans. The results support the notion that the Iranian public health system needs to be more aware of these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"730-737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Veterinary IDEXX SNAP 4Dx Plus Test for the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease in Humans. 评估用于诊断人类莱姆病的兽用 IDEXX SNAP 4Dx Plus 检测试剂盒。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0047
Gayoung Lee, Peyton Pretsch, Lauryn Ursery, Dana Giandomenico, Haley A Abernathy, Lanya Evans, Barbara A Qurollo, Edward B Breitschwerdt, Ross M Boyce
{"title":"Evaluation of the Veterinary IDEXX SNAP 4Dx Plus Test for the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease in Humans.","authors":"Gayoung Lee, Peyton Pretsch, Lauryn Ursery, Dana Giandomenico, Haley A Abernathy, Lanya Evans, Barbara A Qurollo, Edward B Breitschwerdt, Ross M Boyce","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0047","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i><b>Background:</b></i> Lyme disease, caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. The standard two-tier testing (STTT) algorithm suffers from low sensitivity, misinterpretation, and long turnaround time, preventing timely detection and treatment. To address these challenges, we hypothesized that the canine point-of-care (PoC) SNAP 4Dx Plus test used to detect Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies could be employed for human diagnosis. <i><b>Materials and Methods:</b></i> The SNAP 4Dx Plus testing was conducted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, with results read by manual inspection. All analyses were conducted using R version 4.3.1, and agreement between the PoC assay and the STTT was assessed using kappa statistics with GraphPad software. <i><b>Results:</b></i> We included 102 previously-tested human serum samples, of which 19 samples (18.6%) were STTT positive. Compared to the STTT, the SNAP 4Dx Plus test demonstrated a low sensitivity of 0.16 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.40). <i><b>Conclusion:</b></i> Overall, our results do not support the use of the SNAP 4Dx Plus LD assay for the diagnosis of human Lyme disease. Differences in antibody concentrations between human and canine samples may partly explain our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"715-719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Yellow Fever Epidemic in Southeast Brazil from 2016 to 2019. 2016 至 2019 年巴西东南部黄热病疫情的时空演变。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0004
Maíra Mendonça da Rocha, Cláudia Torres Codeço, Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da Silva
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Yellow Fever Epidemic in Southeast Brazil from 2016 to 2019.","authors":"Maíra Mendonça da Rocha, Cláudia Torres Codeço, Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da Silva","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Yellow fever (YF) is a zoonotic disease transmitted by mosquitoes among humans and nonhuman primates. Although urban YF is eradicated, the sylvatic YF has reemerged in some areas of Brazil in the twenty-first century. From 2016 to 2019, a sylvatic YF epidemic occurred in Southeast Brazil, where it had been eradicated in the 1940s. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study's objective was to describe the epidemic in the states of the Southeast region, based on descriptive, cluster, and mobility analyses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both the descriptive and cluster analyses showed that the YF cases spread from the state of Minas Gerais southward, causing peaks in cases during the summer months. None of the state capitals was included in the clusters, but the connectivity between the municipalities in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo highlighted potential paths of spread. Despite differences in sociodemographic profiles between the Southeast and North of Brazil (the latter region considered endemic), the epidemiological profile was similar, except for patients' occupation, which was not related to rural work in the Southeast. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results contributed to our understanding of the paths by which YF spread across Southeast Brazil and the epidemiological profile in an area that had gone decades without autochthonous cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"763-772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Myiasis as a Vector for Bacteremia: A Unique Case of Helcococcus kunzii and Ignatzschineria ureiclastica/larvae Polymicrobial Bacteremia from Myiasis. 作为菌血症传播媒介的蠅蛆病:来自蠅蛆病的昆虫螺旋球菌和ureiclastica/larvae多微生物菌血症的独特病例。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0005
Alex Belote, Dana Hawkinson, D Matthew Shoemaker
{"title":"Myiasis as a Vector for Bacteremia: A Unique Case of <i>Helcococcus kunzii</i> and <i>Ignatzschineria ureiclastica/larvae</i> Polymicrobial Bacteremia from Myiasis.","authors":"Alex Belote, Dana Hawkinson, D Matthew Shoemaker","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection of <i>Helcococcus kunzii</i> and <i>Ignatzschineria ureiclastica</i>/<i>larvae</i> has been made possible by recent advancements in microbiologic diagnostics. We report the first described case of polymicrobial bacteremia secondary to these two unique pathogens, and only the third case of <i>I. ureiclastica</i>/<i>larvae</i> bacteremia described in the United States. Myiasis has historically been thought of as an infestation. This case adds to the growing body of evidence that myiasis is potentially a vector for bacteria, and bacteremia, and the potential for the spread of other vector-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"788-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Knowledge of Tick-Borne Disease Among Forest Management Workers in Santa Cruz, California. 加利福尼亚州圣克鲁斯市森林管理工人中蜱传疾病的流行率和知识。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0012
Francesca Rubino, Janet Foley
{"title":"Prevalence and Knowledge of Tick-Borne Disease Among Forest Management Workers in Santa Cruz, California.","authors":"Francesca Rubino, Janet Foley","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0012","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> In Lyme-endemic areas, limited research has investigated the risk of tick-borne diseases among frontline workers in fire management. This study aimed to compare the exposure histories to ticks and tick-borne pathogens, knowledge, and prevention practices between individuals engaged in fire-related forest management and those participating in recreational activities within Santa Cruz County, CA, in an area of high risk of tick exposure. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Blood samples from 55 forest workers and 58 members of the public were tested for bacterial DNA of and antibodies to <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, and <i>Rickettsia</i> species. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to 54 workers and 84 members of the public to identify gaps in knowledge and prevention practices. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Although workers had a higher percentage of positive <i>B. burgdorferi</i> antibodies than the public (5.5% compared with 1.7%), the difference was not statistically significant. Conversely, rickettsial antibodies were more prevalent among the public (17.2% versus 3.6% for workers), but specificity to pathogenic bacteria could not be confirmed. No DNA for the three pathogens or antibodies against <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> were detected. Many workers and members of the public reported tick bites (67.4% of participants), with a notable 11% increase among workers in the odds of being bitten for each additional year spent working in forests. Although workers took greater precautions, significant knowledge and practice gaps were identified among both populations, such as an inability to distinguish tick species from common arthropods (mites, spiders, fleas), overestimating the size of ticks, and inappropriate tick-removal techniques. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study underscores the risk of tick-borne diseases faced by fire management workers in Lyme disease-endemic regions. The findings emphasize the necessity for future studies of Lyme disease within this population, and highlight the urgent need for enhanced training programs to minimize these risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"745-752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody in Mississippi White-Tailed Deer. 密西西比白尾鹿体内 SARS-CoV-2 抗体的证据。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0144
Scoty Hearst, Pedro M Palermo, Douglas M Watts, Kamen Campbell, Ryan Ivey, Caleb Young, William Yarbrough, Edward Facundus, Jack Spears, Stephen Mills, Kaitlin A McNeely, Priya Ray, Grace C Burnett, George T Bates, John T Bates
{"title":"Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody in Mississippi White-Tailed Deer.","authors":"Scoty Hearst, Pedro M Palermo, Douglas M Watts, Kamen Campbell, Ryan Ivey, Caleb Young, William Yarbrough, Edward Facundus, Jack Spears, Stephen Mills, Kaitlin A McNeely, Priya Ray, Grace C Burnett, George T Bates, John T Bates","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0144","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Early detection and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal populations living in close proximity to humans is crucial for preventing reverse zoonosis of new viral strains. Evidence accumulated has revealed widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection among white-tailed deer (WTD), (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) populations in the United States except in the southeast region. Therefore, the objective was to conduct surveillance for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among WTD in Mississippi. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Blood, kidney tissues, and nasal swab samples were collected in 17 counties from hunter-harvested deer during 2021-2022 and 2022-2023.Samples of kidney tissue were collected to evaluate for detecting antibody as a possible alternative to blood that is not always available from dead WTD. Nasal swab samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA by a RT-PCR assay. Sera and kidney tissue samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibody by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and sera by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT<sub>80</sub>). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results of testing sera and kidney homogenate samples provided the first evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among WTD in Mississippi. The infection rate during 2021-2022 was 67% (10/15) based on the detection of neutralizing antibody by the PRNT80 and 26%(16/62) based on the testing of kidney tissue homogenates by an ELISA, and viral RNA was detected in 25% (3/12) of nasal swab samples. In 2022 to 2023, neutralizing antibody was detected in 62% (28/45) of WTD serum samples. In contrast, antibodies were not detected in 220 kidney homogenates by an ELISA nor was viral RNA detected in 220 nasal swab samples. Evidence of WTD activity was common in urban areas during the survey. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Overall, the findings documented the first SARS-CoV-2 infection among WTD in Mississippi and showed that WTD commonly inhabited urban areas as a possible source of acquiring infection from humans infected with this virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"682-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polyvinyl Butyral Loading with Combined Repellents Showed Effective Protection Against Leech Bites in Diverse Situations. 含有复合驱虫剂的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛在各种情况下都能有效防止水蛭叮咬。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0171
Tengfei Wang, Jia Wang, Wei Zhang, Junhao Shi, Quan Zhang, Junjie Tan, Liang Xu
{"title":"Polyvinyl Butyral Loading with Combined Repellents Showed Effective Protection Against Leech Bites in Diverse Situations.","authors":"Tengfei Wang, Jia Wang, Wei Zhang, Junhao Shi, Quan Zhang, Junjie Tan, Liang Xu","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0171","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Leech bites have long been a persistent problem for individuals engaged in outdoor activities, particularly in environments such as moors, jungles, and grasslands. Methods to prevent leech bites are anecdotal and individual, highlighting the need for the development of universal and effective repellent formulations. This study developed a novel approach for repelling leeches using combined repellent agents and a film-forming material (polyvinyl butyral), to enhance efficiency in multi-scenario applications. <b><i>Material and methods:</i></b> This study demonstrates that citronellal, icaridin and DDAC (didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) showcasing active avoidance and contact toxicity on leeches. the optimized repellent formulation (MSRS, containing citronellal, icaridin and DDAC as repellent agents) enables specific sustained release properties of constituents in both air and water conditions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> MSRS could effectively achieve the purposes of \"proactive repelling\", \"contact repelling\", and \"bite detaching\". The effectiveness could last for several hours. Additionally, the hydrophobic polyvinyl butyral membrane reduced the transdermal absorption of repellent agents. Moreover, the formulation is biocompatible and environmentally friendly. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study provides a new feasible strategy for the prevention and removal of leech bites.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"699-709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncertainties Surrounding Madariaga Virus, a Member of the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Complex. 东方马脑炎病毒复合体成员马达里亚加病毒的不确定性。
IF 1.8 4区 医学
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0162
Tereza Magalhaes, Gabriel L Hamer, Danilo de Carvalho-Leandro, Vladimir M L Ribeiro, Michael J Turell
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