Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"Mapping <i>Ixodes pacificus</i> and <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Habitat Suitability Under Current and Mid-Century Climate in the Pacific Northwest (BC and WA).","authors":"Isabelle Couloigner, Carl Dizon, Sunny Mak, Elizabeth Dykstra, Erin Fraser, Muhammad Morshed, Stefan Iwasawa, Sylvia Checkley, Susan Cork","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and Canada. The primary vector for the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, in the Pacific Northwest is the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Using active tick surveillance data from British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, USA, habitat suitability models using MaxEnt (maximum entropy) were developed for <i>I. pacificus</i> to predict its current and mid-century geographic distributions. Passive surveillance data both from BC and WA were also visualized. <b><i>Results:</i></b> According to the constructed models, the number of frost-free days during the winter is the most relevant predictor of its habitat suitability, followed by summer climate moisture, ecoregion, and mean minimum fall temperature. The ensemble geographic distribution map predicts that the coastal regions and inland valleys of British Columbia and the Puget Lowlands of Washington State provide the most suitable habitats for <i>I. pacificus</i>. The density map of ticks submitted from passive surveillance data was overlaid on the current distribution map and demonstrates the correlation between numbers of submissions and habitat suitability. Mid-century projections, based on current climate change predictions, indicate a range expansion, especially of low and moderate suitability, from current distribution. Regarding Lyme disease risk, <i>I. pacificus</i> identified from both active and passive surveillance and tested positive for <i>B. burgdorferi</i> were found to be in areas of moderate to very high suitability for <i>I. pacificus</i>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> According to developed models, the total suitable habitat area for <i>I. pacificus</i> will expand in the interior regions of British Columbia and Washington State. However, the risk remains small given relatively low infection rates among <i>I. pacificus</i>. Further studies are required to better understand how this might change in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of <i>Rickettsia heilongjiangensis</i> (Strain AH-19) from <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> on a Wild Hedgehog in Anhui Province, China.","authors":"Boyu Liu, Hao Liu, Cuiping Ren, Danyou Hu, Yang Chen, Haotian Sun, Zhen Chen, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Spotted fever group rickettsioses, caused by rickettsiae of the spotted fever group, pose a significant zoonotic threat to public health. In endemic areas of Anhui Province, China, the ecology and transmission dynamics of these pathogens remain under investigation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We isolated a rickettsial strain from <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> ticks collected from a wild hedgehog in the Dabie Mountain area. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis were employed to confirm the strain. Pathological examinations of the hedgehog's tissues were conducted to assess the potential impact of the infection. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The isolated strain was identified as <i>R. heilongjiangensis</i> strain AH-19. Pathological examination revealed significant tissue alterations, including cellular vacuolization, necrosis, and disarray of tissue architecture. It remains uncertain whether these changes were directly attributable to the rickettsial infection or other factors. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The identification of <i>R. heilongjiangensis</i> strain AH-19 in <i>H. longicornis</i> suggests that hedgehogs may serve as reservoir hosts in the Dabie Mountain area.Further research is needed to clarify their role in the ecology and epidemiology of this pathogen, which could inform future public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Limited Laboratory Infection of <i>Culex Tarsalis</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) by Usutu Virus.","authors":"Nathaniel M Byers, Jeremy P Ledermann, Holly R Hughes, Ann M Powers","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0054","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging flavivirus, closely related to West Nile virus (WNV), that has spread into Europe from Africa. Since Culex tarsalis Coquillett is an important vector for WNV transmission in the United States, we tested the ability of USUV to replicate in and be transmitted by these mosquitoes. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> USUV was used to infect 3-4 day-old Cx. tarsalis with 5.6 to 7.5 log₁₀ pfu/ml in goose bloodmeals. Saliva, heads, and bodies were collected on day 13 or 14 and analyzed by RT-qPCR for detection for USUV vRNA. Blotting paper punches were also collected daily to assess viral transmissibility. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The low and high dose blood meal resulted in 0% and 19.6% of the mosquitoes having established infections, respectively. All of the high dose had a dissemination of USUV RNA to the heads and none of the filter papers had detectable USUV RNA, but five of the capillary saliva collections were positive, representing 45.5% of the infected mosquitoes. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Limited infection of Cx. tarsalis was observed when exposed to bloodmeals with greater than 107 pfu/mL of USUV, indicating this vector is not likely to have a key role in transmission of the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.33451.revack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.33451.revack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"78-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and <i>In Vivo</i> Antimalarial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of <i>Spilanthes filicaulis</i> on Mice Subjected to <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>.","authors":"Bankole Emmanuel Ofeniforo, Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro, Charles Ebere Dike, Eleojo Samuel Agada, Kemi Feyisayo Akinwunmi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> Malaria airs a life-threatening risk in Tropical African countries, stemming from infection by <i>Plasmodium</i> species. This region is richly endowed by nature with a wealth of diverse and largely unexplored plants that hold the potential for managing this protozoan parasite. The currently accessible over-the-counter drugs for disease management often present affordability challenges for the average person, exacerbated by the parasite's increasing resistance to them. This study investigated the phytoconstituents present in the ethyl acetate fraction of <i>Spilanthes filicaulis</i> (EFSF) and explored the antimalarial effects of EFSF on mice infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Standard methods and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify phytoconstituents. Chloroquine phosphate-sensitive <i>P. berghei</i> (NK-65) was intraperitoneally inoculated into Swiss mice. The <i>in vivo</i> antimalarial activity of EFSF was assessed at dose levels of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg, using 4-day suppressive and curative antimalarial models. Parameters evaluated in the inoculated mice included rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW), packed cell volume (PCV), level of parasitemia, and mean survival time (MST). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were the identified phytochemicals present in EFSF, and GC-MS alongside reveals the presence of 20 bioactive compounds predominantly fatty acids and alcohol esters. Significant prevention of reductions in RT, BW, and PCV was observed in the EFSF-treated groups dose dependently relative to the untreated group. In addition, EFSF-treated groups significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) suppressed parasitemia and exhibited chemosuppression of 79.46% and 77.38% in 4-day suppressive, whereas suppression of 59.74% and 58.66% in curative treatment, respectively, at 500 and 750 mg/kg thus consequently extending the MST of infected treated mice compared with the untreated group. <b><i>Interpretation and Conclusion:</i></b> Put together, the EFSF exhibited enhanced antimalarial efficacy against mice infected with <i>P. berghei</i> thus affirming that plants still maintain lead way as a potential source of novel antimalarial remedies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precognition of Known And Unknown Biothreats: A Risk-Based Approach.","authors":"Romelito L Lapitan","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0169","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data mining and artificial intelligence algorithms can estimate the probability of future occurrences with defined precision. Yet, the prediction of infectious disease outbreaks remains a complex and difficult task. This is demonstrated by the limited accuracy and sensitivity of current models in predicting the emergence of previously unknown pathogens such as Zika, Chikungunya, and SARS-CoV-2, and the resurgence of Mpox, along with their impacts on global health, trade, and security. Comprehensive analysis of infectious disease risk profiles, vulnerabilities, and mitigation capacities, along with their spatiotemporal dynamics at the international level, is essential for preventing their transnational propagation. However, annual indexes about the impact of infectious diseases provide a low level of granularity to allow stakeholders to craft better mitigation strategies. A quantitative risk assessment by analytical platforms requires billions of near real-time data points from heterogeneous sources, integrating and analyzing univariable or multivariable data with different levels of complexity and latency that, in most cases, overwhelm human cognitive capabilities. Autonomous biosurveillance can open the possibility for near real-time, risk- and evidence-based policymaking and operational decision support.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"795-801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Correction of:</i> \"Adam Baker, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, Jennifer Borski, and William E. Grant. Increasing Incidence of Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2012 Through 2016. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Nov 2020. 855-859.\" doi: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2598.","authors":"Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Adam Baker, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, Jennifer Borski, William E Grant","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"848-849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of Host Blood Meal from Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Kerala, India.","authors":"Harish Kumar Shah, P A Fathima, P M Ajithlal, Jessu S Mathew, Prasanta Saini","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0168","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Female phlebotomine sandflies serve as vectors for the transmission of Leishmania parasites, perpetuating an enzootic cycle by disseminating between sylvatic and domestic animals. Humans form a part of this cycle because the sandflies search for a blood source required for egg development. The present study aimed to identify the feeding preferences of different sandfly fauna from six districts of Kerala, India, using molecular tools. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> An entomological survey was conducted during 2021-2023 in Kollam, Kottayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Malappuram, and Palakkad. Both indoor and outdoor habitats were targeted from sandfly collection using different standard tools and methods. Sandflies were identified using standard taxonomic keys, and DNA was extracted from blood meal collected from sandflies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 7366 sandfly specimens were collected during the study period, which belonged to three different genera and 19 species. Blood source was successfully identified from 119 sandflies revealing that the Sergentomyia genus preferably fed on small reptiles and amphibians, whereas Phlebotomus genus was found to mainly feed on mammalian and avian blood. Sergentomyia zeylanica was an exception, as it primarily fed on mammalian blood sources. Interestingly, humans were the second feeding source for Phlebotomus species, which are the proven vectors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Comprehending the feeding patterns of sandflies is crucial, not just for public health but also for obtaining insights into the ecological dynamics between vectors and hosts, ultimately enabling more efficient strategies for disease control and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"808-816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit Is Useful for Detection of Recombinant and Secretory Nonstructural-1 Protein Antigen of Dengue Virus.","authors":"Philip Raj Abraham, Tharini Gopinath, Akash Dhotre, Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0009","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Dengue is a mosquito-borne tropical disease, caused by the Dengue virus (DENV). It has become a severe problem and is a rising threat to public health. In this study, we have evaluated commercial Merilisa i Dengue NS1 Antigen kit (Meril LifeSciences India Pvt. Ltd.) to detect recombinant dengue virus 2 NS1 antigen (rDNS1Ag) and secreted forms of NS1 antigen (sDNS1Ag). <b>Methods:</b> To determine the detection limit of the kit, 100 nanogram (ng) to 0.001 ng rDNS1Ag was tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the kit was determined using recombinant NS1 antigens of all serotypes of DENV and other flaviviruses. For testing sDNS1Ag, the culture supernatant of the Vero cell lines infected with DENV-2 was tested. Further, a spiking experiment was carried out to check the sensitivity of the kit to detect rDNS1Ag in the pools of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes. <b>Results:</b> It was observed that the kit can detect the rDNS1Ag at 1 ng concentration. The kit was sensitive to detect NS1 antigen of DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes and specific for detection of only DNS1Ag as it did not cross-react with NS1 antigen of flaviviruses. The kit was sensitive to detect rDNS1Ag in the mosquito pools as well. In addition, the kit was able to detect the sDNS1Ag in Vero cell culture supernatant. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, we observed that the Merilisa i Dengue NS1 Ag kit is sensitive and specific for the detection of DNS1Ag both in recombinant and secretory forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"817-825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in Vaginal Swab Samples from Sheep That Aborted.","authors":"Oliver Sánchez-Rodríguez, Erika G Palomares-Resendiz, Efrén Díaz-Aparicio, Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso, Luary C Martínez-Chavarría, Guadalupe Martínez-Serrano, Rigoberto Hernández-Castro","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0153","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the etiological agent of Q fever in humans and one of the causes of abortion in small ruminants. Although coxiellosis is considered an exotic disease, there are a few reports in Mexico. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The objective of this work was to determine the presence of <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> DNA in vaginal samples from sheep that presented abortion and ram semen. A total of 180 vaginal exudate samples and 20 semen samples were obtained from five Central and Southern States of Mexico. Total DNA was extracted from vaginal swabs and <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing of the IS<i>1111</i> insertion sequence. <b><i>Results and Conclusion:</i></b> In total, 110 (110/180) vaginal samples and 12 (12/20) semen samples were positive for <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i>. This is the first report of <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> in sheep that aborted and in ram semen in Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"838-841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}