Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory Assessment of Molluscicidal Activities of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>, <i>Acacia nilotica</i>, and <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> Against Snail Host of <i>Fasciola spp.</i>","authors":"Nilay Vishal Singh, Arundhati Singh, Vinay Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0073","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The potential molluscicidal extracts, obtained from indigenous plants <i>Cannabis sativa</i>, <i>Acacia nilotica</i>, and <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i>, were tested for toxicity against freshwater pulmonate snail <i>Lymnaea acuminata</i>, an intermediate host of <i>Fasciola hepatica</i>. The organic extracts had a significant effect on young snails. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> All organic extracts and column-purified fractions gave median lethal concentrations (19-100.05 mg/L; 24 h) that fell well within the threshold level of 100 mg/L, set for a potential molluscicide by the World Health Organization. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The toxicity of <i>T. cordifolia</i> stem acetone extract (96 h LC₅₀: 16.08 mg/L) was more pronounced compared with <i>C. sativa</i> leaf ethanol extract (96 h LC₅₀: 16.32 mg/L) and <i>A. nilotica</i> leaf ethanol extract (96 h LC₅₀: 24.78 mg/L). β-caryophyllene, gallic acid, and berberine were characterized and identified as active molluscicidal components. Co-migration of β-caryophyllene (retardation factor [R<i>f</i>] 0.95), gallic acid (<i>Rf</i> 0.30), and berberine (R<i>f</i> 0.23) with column-purified parts of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>, <i>Acacia nilotica</i>, and <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> on thin-layer chromatography demonstrates same R<i>f</i> value, that is, 0.95, 0.30, and 0.23, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study indicates that these extracts thus represent potential plant-derived molluscicides that are worthy of further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"382-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fleas (Siphonaptera, Latreille, 1825) from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: Species Diversity, Hosts, and One Health Approach.","authors":"Diogo Schott, Fernanda Laís Ribeiro, Fernanda Nunes Santos, Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0065","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Fleas are ectoparasitic insects with holometabolous development. It has a hematophagous habit with mouthparts adapted to sting and suck its hosts. There are about 3000 species in the world, ∼61 in Brazil, and 19 in Rio Grande do Sul state. The objective of the research is to catalog the diversity of fleas recorded in the state, their respective hosts, and endosymbionts. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> To this end, a search was carried out in the scientific literature, from articles, books, to abstracts submitted to congresses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 19 species of fleas occurring in Rio Grande do Sul are divided into 7 families and 10 genera. These ectoparasites, in addition to being found in the environment, were associated with 10 different families of hosts in Rio Grande do Sul, and on the endosymbiont, agents found associated with fleas, there were 7 different species. The main agents researched in the state are <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. and <i>Bartonella</i> spp. The relationships between parasites, hosts, environment, and etiological agents present different scenarios, whether anthropized or conserved, but unknown. Sometimes, this overlap, a factor that aggravates the possibility of spillovers, either from cosmopolitan fleas in these conserved areas, or from their endosymbionts. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Thus, it is important to characterize the environment so that the complexities of each location are known for the adoption of environmental and public health policies in each case. The challenges are extensive, but necessary in view of the One Health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"308-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review on the Epidemiology of Orthobunyaviruses in Canada, in the Context of Human, Wildlife, and Domestic Animal Host Species.","authors":"Michele D Bergevin, Victoria Ng, Tara Sadeghieh, Paula Menzies, Antoinette Ludwig, Samira Mubareka, Katie M Clow","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0109","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses in Canada are a growing public health concern. Orthobunyaviral diseases are commonly underdiagnosed and in Canada, likely underreported as surveillance is passive. No vaccines or specific treatments exist for these disease agents. Further, climate change is facilitating habitat expansion for relevant reservoirs and vectors, and it is likely that the majority of the Canadian population is susceptible to these viruses. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A scoping review was conducted to describe the current state of knowledge on orthobunyavirus epidemiology in Canada. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used. Literature searches were conducted in six databases and in gray literature. The epidemiology of orthobunyaviruses was characterized for studies focusing on host species, including spatiotemporal patterns, risk factors, and climate change impact. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 172 relevant studies were identified from 1734 citations from which 95 addressed host species, including humans, wildlife, and domestic animals including livestock. The orthobunyaviruses-Cache Valley virus (CVV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), Snowshoe Hare virus (SHV), and La Crosse virus (LACV)-were identified, and prevalence was widespread across vertebrate species. CVV, JCV, and SHV were detected across Canada and the United States. LACV was reported only in the United States, predominantly the Mid-Atlantic and Appalachian regions. Disease varied by orthobunyavirus and was associated with age, environment, preexisting compromised immune systems, or livestock breeding schedule. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Knowledge gaps included seroprevalence data in Canada, risk factor analyses, particularly for livestock, and disease projections in the context of climate change. Additional surveillance and mitigation strategies, especially accounting for climate change, are needed to guide future public health efforts to prevent orthobunyavirus exposure and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"249-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Value of Serology in Persistent Q Fever Infection.","authors":"Shelly Lipman-Arens, Talya Finn, Valery Istomin, Regev Cohen, Sharon Reisfeld","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0121","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Q fever has significant consequences for patients with persistent localized infection. A combination of doxycycline with hydroxychloroquine, for at least 18-24 months, is the first-line therapy. The use of serology as a prognostic marker during therapy is controversial. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective, observational cohort study in two outpatient clinics in northern Israel. All adults with persistent Q fever (2015-2021) were included in the study. Clinical failure was defined as relapse or death related to Q fever after end of treatment (EOT). Serological cure was defined as phase 1 IgG ≤800 or a four-fold decrease at EOT. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-two patients were included in the study, with a median follow up of 40 months (IQR = 28.5-63.5), and median treatment duration of 28.5 months (IQR = 21.8-50.5). Clinical cure occurred in 18 patients (82%), serological cure in 10 (45%). Phase 1 IgG at presentation was significantly higher in the clinical failure group (median 9600 vs. 3200 in the clinical cure group, <i>p</i> = 0.019), and at 6-12 months after EOT (median 6400 vs. 800 respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Phase 1 IgG levels at 1 year and EOT were similar in both groups. Positive phase 2 IgM after one year of therapy correlated with clinical failure (<i>p</i> = 0.038), but not at EOT or after EOT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Phase 1 IgG levels at presentation, phase 2 IgM at 1 year, and Phase 1 IgG 6-12 months after EOT were associated with clinical failure in patients with persistent Q fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139672767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Association Between ABO Blood Groups and Rhesus Factors with Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Infections During the 2017 Outbreak in Bangladesh.","authors":"Tahmina Akther, Md Nazmul Karim, Taslima Akther, Saif Ullah Munshi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0100","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study was conducted in 2017 during the dual dengue and chikungunya outbreak in Bangladesh. Febrile participants underwent blood tests for chikungunya, dengue, and ABO groups and rhesus (Rh) factors. Blood grouping information was gathered from healthy donors. Males and those aged between 18 and 49 years had a higher risk of contracting dengue and chikungunya. Blood group O exhibited the highest infection rates at ∼50%, whereas group AB had the lowest at ∼9% among the participants in the study. Yet, when considering the general population's blood group distribution, the combined odds of infection were 2.0, 3.5, and 1.4 times higher in groups B, O, and AB, respectively, than in group A. Infection rates were greater in Rh-negative people. Blood groups B, O, and AB showed higher susceptibility than blood group A according to adjusted odds ratios. Blood groups ABO and Rh factor hold significance in disease susceptibility and vaccine effectiveness. Keeping these implications in mind, further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying these connections and their effects on the efficacy of dengue and chikungunya vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"321-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Different Tissues and Molecular Techniques for the Zoonotic Surveillance of Scrub Typhus.","authors":"Georgina Parren Ritu, Waseema Arif, Krishan Kumar Sihag, Aravindasamy Chakravarthi, Terence Nathan Anthony, Lakshmy Srinivasan, Vijayakumar Balakrishnan, Ashwani Kumar, Elango Ayanar, Panneer Devaraju","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0069","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> Scrub typhus (ST) is detected in one-fourth of patients with acute febrile illnesses, confirming its nationwide re-emergence. The disease, if not diagnosed, can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and mortality. Being a vector-borne zoonotic disease, the molecular survey for pathogens in animal hosts is essential to predict the risk of its transmission to humans. Hence, this study aimed at identifying the effective animal tissue and molecular technique for zoonotic surveillance of ST infection in small animal hosts. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Rodents/shrews were trapped from seventeen randomly selected villages in Puducherry between July and September, 2022. The presence of <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> in ectoparasites and tissues including blood, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, brain, and intestine retrieved from the animals was screened by nested PCR targeting 56 kDa, real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting 47 kDa and traD, and conventional PCR targeting groEL. The Weil-Felix test was carried out to detect antibodies against <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> in rodent/shrew serum samples. Diagnostic accuracy measures of the molecular tests were calculated for each of the tissues by latent class modeling. <b><i>Results:</i></b> <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> detected in the rodents/shrews were identified to be Karp-like and Kawasaki-like strains. Upon statistical analysis, qPCR targeting 47 kDa exhibited the highest accuracy measures in most of the tissues analyzed, with perfect sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 97% for intestine and lung samples for the epidemiological surveillance, respectively. <b><i>Interpretation and Conclusion:</i></b> The study recommends qPCR targeting 47 kDa gene and analysis of intestine and lung along with blood for the zoonotic surveillance of ST infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"299-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139106748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study on the Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus Among Donkeys and Mules in Bulgaria.","authors":"Nikolina Rusenova, Anton Rusenov, Federica Monaco","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0095","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> West Nile virus (WNV) infection, caused by a flavivirus, emerged in Europe and America in the past two decades. The etiological agent causes asymptomatic to life-threatening infection in humans and in some animal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV among donkeys and mules in Bulgaria. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 200 archived serum samples were tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive samples were additionally analyzed by virus neutralization assay. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seroprevalence of 7% (14/200) was established among tested animals by ELISA. Two samples were subsequently verified for the presence of virus neutralizing antibodies; thus, the seroprevalence against WNV was determined to be 1% (2/200 [confidence interval = 0.12-3.61]). Positive results among mules included in the study were not found. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The findings in the present research demonstrate that donkeys are exposed to WNV infection and seroconvert, which adds to the understanding of virus circulation among donkeys in settlements in north and south Bulgaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"274-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening the Black Box of Host Range, Vectorial Diversity, and Genetic Variants of Genus <i>Anaplasma</i>: The Contributing Factors Toward Its Zoonosis.","authors":"Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar, Muhammad Asif Mahmood, Zahra Fayyaz, Kanoknaphat Klinpakdee, Muhammad Abdullah","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0043","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Genus <i>Anaplasma</i> of the family <i>Anaplasmataceae</i> possesses bacteria of hematopoietic origin, which are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria transmitted mainly by tick vectors. The members of this group of infectious agents are not new as etiological agents of animal diseases worldwide. However, now, reports of their zoonotic potential have gained currency to study these pathogens. The emergence of new species of <i>Anaplasma</i> and the spread of existing species to new areas and hosts highlight the importance of monitoring and improving diagnostic and treatment options for zoonotic diseases caused by <i>Anaplasma</i>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This review focuses on the general and distinctive characteristics of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp., with particular emphasis on the novel species and their diverse spectrum of hosts as potential risk factors impacting its emerging zoonosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"265-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Occurrence and Diversity of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Small Mammals from Serbia.","authors":"Gorana Veinović, Ratko Sukara, Darko Mihaljica, Aleksandra Penezić, Duško Ćirović, Snežana Tomanović","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0088","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite abundance of small mammals in Serbia, there is no information on their role in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases (TBDs). This retrospective study aimed to identify different tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in small mammals in Serbia collected during 2011. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 179 small mammals were collected from seven different localities in Serbia. The five localities belong to the capital city of Serbia-Belgrade: recreational areas-Ada Ciganlija, Titov gaj, and Košutnjak as well as mountainous suburban areas used for hiking-Avala and Kosmaj. The locality Veliko Gradište is a tourist place in northeastern Serbia, whereas the locality Milošev Do is a remote area in western Serbia with minor human impact on the environment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results of the presented retrospective study are the first findings of <i>Rickettsia helvetica</i>, <i>Rickettsia monacensis</i>, <i>Neoehrlichia mikurensis</i>, <i>Borrelia afzelii</i>, <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>, <i>Babesia microti</i>, <i>Hepatozoon canis,</i> and <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in small mammals in Serbia. The presence of <i>R. helvetica</i> was confirmed in two <i>Apodemus flavicollis</i>, the presence of one of the following pathogens, <i>R. monacensis</i>, <i>B. afzelii</i>, <i>H. canis</i>, <i>Ba. microti</i>, and <i>N. mikurensis</i> was confirmed in one <i>A. flavicollis</i> each, whereas the presence of <i>B. miyamotoi</i> was confirmed in one <i>Apodemus agrarius</i>. Coinfection with <i>B. afzelii</i> and <i>Ba. microti</i> was confirmed in one <i>A. flavicollis</i>. DNA of <i>C. burnetii</i> was detected in 3 of 18 pools. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results confirm that detected pathogens circulate in the sylvatic cycle in Serbia and point to small mammals as potential reservoir hosts for the detected TBPs. Further large-scale studies on contemporary samples are needed to clarify the exact role of particular small mammal species in the epidemiology of TBDs caused by the detected pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Borrelia nietonii</i> sp. nov.: Relapsing Fever Spirochetes Transmitted By the Tick <i>Ornithodoros hermsi</i> Designated Previously as <i>Borrelia hermsii</i> Genomic Group II.","authors":"Tom G Schwan, Sandra J Raffel, Stacy M Ricklefs, Daniel P Bruno, Craig Martens","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0090","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The taxonomic status of the relapsing fever spirochete <i>Borrelia hermsii</i> in western North America was established in 1942 and based solely on its specific association with the soft tick vector <i>Ornithodoros hermsi</i>. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of the <i>16S rRNA</i>, <i>flaB</i>, <i>gyrB</i>, <i>glpQ</i>, and <i>16S-23S rRNA</i> intergenic spacer of <i>B. hermsii</i> isolates collected over many years from various geographic locations and biological sources identified two distinct clades designated previously as <i>B. hermsii</i> Genomic Group I (GGI) and Genomic Group II (GGII). To better assess the taxonomic relationship of these two genomic groups to each other and other species of <i>Borrelia</i>, DNA sequences of the entire linear chromosome were determined. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Genomic DNA samples were prepared from 11 spirochete isolates grown in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly-H medium. From these preparations, DNA sequences of the entire linear chromosome of two isolates of <i>B. hermsii</i> belonging to each genomic group and seven additional species were determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Chromosomal sequences of four isolates of <i>B. hermsii</i> contained 919,212 to 922,307 base pairs. DNA sequence identities between the two genomic groups of <i>B. hermsii</i> were 95.86-95.99%, which were more divergent than chromosomal sequences comparing <i>Borrelia parkeri</i> and <i>Borrelia turicatae</i> (97.13%), <i>Borrelia recurrentis</i> and <i>Borrelia duttonii</i> (97.07%), and <i>Borrelia crocidurae</i> and <i>B. duttonii</i> (97.09%). The 3' end of the chromosome of the two GGII isolates also contained a unique intact <i>oppA</i> gene absent from all other species examined. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Previous MLST and the chromosomal sequences presented herein support the division of the <i>B. hermsii</i> species complex into two species, <i>B. hermsii</i> sensu stricto ( = GGI) and <i>Borrelia nietonii</i> sp. nov. ( = GGII). We name this unique relapsing fever spirochete in honor of our late friend and colleague Dr. Nathan Nieto for his outstanding contributions to our understanding of tick-borne relapsing fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"278-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11238836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139519366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}