Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"Cat Flea Coinfection with <i>Rickettsia felis</i> and <i>Rickettsia typhi</i>.","authors":"Hanna J Laukaitis-Yousey, Kevin R Macaluso","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0122","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Flea-borne rickettsioses, collectively referred to as a term for etiological agents <i>Rickettsia felis</i>, <i>Rickettsia typhi</i>, and RFLOs (<i>R. felis</i>-like organisms), has become a public health concern around the world, specifically in the United States. Due to a shared arthropod vector (the cat flea) and clinical signs, discriminating between <i>Rickettsia</i> species has proven difficult. While the effects of microbial coinfections in the vector can result in antagonistic or synergistic interrelationships, subsequently altering potential human exposure and disease, the impact of bacterial interactions within flea populations remains poorly defined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> systems were utilized to assess rickettsial interactions in arthropods. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Coinfection of both <i>R. felis</i> and <i>R. typhi</i> within a tick-derived cell line indicated that the two species could infect the same cell, but distinct growth kinetics led to reduced <i>R. felis</i> growth over time, regardless of infection order. Sequential flea coinfections revealed the vector could acquire both <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. and sustain coinfection for up to 2 weeks, but rickettsial loads in coinfected fleas and feces were altered during coinfection. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Altered rickettsial loads during coinfection suggest <i>R. felis</i> and <i>R. typhi</i> interactions may enhance the transmission potential of either agent. Thus, this study provides a functional foundation to disentangle transmission events propelled by complex interspecies relationships during vector coinfections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Infection by <i>Borrelia</i> Species Responsible for Lyme Disease in the French Alps: Analysis of 27,360 Serology Tests, 2015-2020.","authors":"Kevin Stadelmann, Emmanuel Forestier, Guillaume Richalet, Virgile Monnet, Olivier Epaulard","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0098","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Lyme borreliosis incidence is increasing in several areas; moreover, it has recently gained the public's attention. Apart from erythema migrans, Lyme disease diagnosis relies (among others) on serology test; however, the prevalence of positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB) assay has been poorly studied in the general population. We aimed to approach the seroprevalence of infection by Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease in the French Isere department using city laboratories data. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> We retrieved all serological tests for Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease performed in the two main networks of city laboratories between 2015 and 2020. All patients with both ELISA and WB IgG were considered seropositive. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We analyzed 27,360 tests (ELISA/ELISA+WB). Mean age was 50.9 ± 20.3 years (ranges: 0-101), with 57.1% females. Overall, 11.7% had IgG detected by ELISA, and 4.7% had IgG detected by both ELISA and WB assay. Seropositive status was more frequent in males (7.0% vs. 2.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Seropositivity rate increased with age after a first peak in childhood; men aged 61-70 years had the highest seropositivity rate (10.3%). In addition, seropositivity rate was higher in persons from a rural area. In multivariate analysis, older age, male gender and living in a rural area were independently associated with seropositivity. Seropositivity rate was stable on the 2017-2020 period. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The seroprevalence of infection by Borrelia species responsible for Lyme disease is high in Isere; this probably reduces the predictive positive value for Lyme disease of ELISA and WB IgG, suggesting that this serological test should not be performed for nonspecific symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: Mosquito Histone 2A Protein Facilitate Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in the Mosquito.","authors":"Hameed Muddassar, Mengli Chen, Tong Zhang, Nawaz Mohsin, Lei Kang, Jiayang Zheng, Zongjie Li, Donghua Shao, Jianchao Wei, Beibei Li, Yafeng Qiu, Zhiyong Ma, Ke Liu","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0081","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese encephalitis virus is mainly prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania. Through immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis using monoclonal antibodies targeting JEV E protein, we found that mosquito Histone 2A protein could bind to JEV particles. The binding of H2A and JEV was detected in the salivary gland and supernatant of mosquito cells. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> confirmed that H2A protein promotes JEV infection in mosquitoes. In summary, we found that mosquito H2A is a factor that supports JEV infection and can potentially facilitate cross-species transmission of JEV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Barcoding Analysis of Trinidad <i>Haemagogus</i> Mosquitoes Reveals Evidence for Putative New Species.","authors":"Renee Ali, Raul Diosany Lezcano, Jayaraj Jayaraman, Azad Mohammed, Christine V F Carrington, Brent Daniel, Diane D Lovin, Joanne M Cunningham, David W Severson, Adesh Ramsubhag","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0031","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Haemagogus janthinomys</i> is a primary sylvan vector of yellow fever virus and the emerging Mayaro virus. However, despite its medical importance, there is a dearth of data on the molecular taxonomy of this mosquito species. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, DNA barcoding analysis was performed on 64 adult female mosquitoes from Trinidad morphologically identified as <i>Hg. janthinomys.</i> The mitochondrial <i>cytochrome c oxidase I</i> (COI) gene and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the mosquitoes were PCR amplified and sequenced, and molecular phylogenies inferred. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The BLASTN analysis showed that only 20% (<i>n</i> = 13/66) of COI sequences had high similarity (>99% identity) to <i>Hg. janthinomys</i> and the remaining sequences had low similarity (<90% identity) to reference GenBank sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences revealed the presence of four strongly supported groups, with one distinct clade that did not align with any reference sequences. Corresponding ITS2 sequences for samples in this distinct COI group clustered into three clades. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These molecular findings suggest the existence of a putative new <i>Haemagogus</i> mosquito species and underscore the need for further, more in-depth investigations into the taxonomy and classification of the <i>Haemagogus</i> genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139672766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) Infection in Domestic Animals in a Surra Endemic Area of Southern Algeria.","authors":"Djamila Boushaki, Amel Adel, Mamadou L Dia, Hafsa Madani, Manon Geerts, Nicolas Bebronne, Brahim A Brihoum, Nadia Kechemir Issad, Philippe Büscher","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0015","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Trypanosoma (T.) evansi</i> infection is endemic in dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedaries</i>) of southern Algeria. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> In order to assess the presence of <i>T. evansi</i> in other domestic animals living together with dromedary camels, a study was conducted in the wilayate of Béchar, El Bayadh, Ouargla and Tamanrasset, between 2015 and 2017. Authorisation to conduct the survey was obtained from the Direction des Services Vétérinaires (DSV, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries). A total of 190 animals were sampled, including 42 cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i>), 11 dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>), 44 horses (<i>Equus caballus</i>), 3 donkeys (<i>Equus asinus</i>) and 1 mule, 49 goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) and 40 sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>). These animals were examined by parasitological (Giemsa stained thin smear, GST), serological (card agglutination test for trypanosomosis (CATT/<i>T. evansi</i>), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/Variant Surface Glycoprotein/Rode Trypanozoon antigen type 1.2 [ELISA/VSG RoTat 1.2], immune trypanolysis [TL]) and molecular tests (<i>T. evansi</i> type A specific RoTat 1.2 PCR). <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> The CATT/<i>T. evansi</i> was positive in 10/42 cattle, 0/11 dogs, 2/48 equids, 27/49 goats and 15/40 sheep. On the other hand, 20/38 cattle, 1/9 dogs, 21/42 equids, 17/44 goats and 31/39 sheep were positive in ELISA/VSG RoTat 1.2. However, no single animal was positive in TL. In addition, the T. evansi parasite could not be demonstrated by either GST or RoTat 1.2 PCR in any of the examined animals. This may suggest cross-reactions of CATT/<i>T. evansi</i> and ELISA/VSG RoTat 1.2 with other pathogenic or commensal trypanosome species such as <i>T. vivax</i> or other parasites. Based on these data, in particular taking into account the high specificity of the TL for <i>T. evansi</i> type A, this study does not support the hypothesis that <i>T. evansi</i> circulates in the studied domestic animal species and that they would act as reservoirs for the parasite that causes trypanosomosis in dromedary camels.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Powassan Virus Seropositivity Among People with History of Lyme Disease and Non-Lyme Community Controls in the Northeastern United States.","authors":"Tania Kapoor, Lilly Murray, Maria Kuvaldina, Caroline S Jiang, Avery A Peace, Marianna Agudelo, Andrea Jurado, Davide F Robbiani, Oliver Klemens, Erik Lattwein, Maite Sabalza, Brian A Fallon, Margaret R MacDonald","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Lyme disease (LD) affects ∼476,000 people each year in the United States. Symptoms are variable and include rash and flu-like symptoms. Reasons for the wide variation in disease outcomes are unknown. Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes disease ranging from asymptomatic infection to encephalitis, neurologic damage, and death. POWV and LD geographic case distributions overlap, with <i>Ixodes</i> species ticks as the common vectors. Clinical ramifications of coinfection or sequential infection are unknown. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study's primary objective was to determine the prevalence of POWV-reactive antibodies in sera samples collected from previously studied cohorts of individuals with self-reported LD history residing in the Northeastern United States. As a secondary objective, we studied clinical differences between people with self-reported LD history and low versus high POWV antibody levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify IgG directed at the POWV envelope (E) protein domain III in 538 samples from individuals with self-reported LD history and 16 community controls. The samples were also tested with an ELISA assay to quantify IgG directed at the POWV NS1 protein. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The percentage of individuals with LD history and possible evidence of POWV exposure varied depending on the assay utilized. We found no significant difference in clinical symptoms between those with low or high POWV IgG levels in the in-house assay. Congruence of the EDIII and NS1 assays was low with only 12% of those positive in the in-house EDIII ELISA testing positive in the POWV NS1 ELISA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results highlight the difficulty in flavivirus diagnostic testing, particularly in the retrospective detection of flavivirus exposure. The findings suggest that a prospective study with symptomatic patients using approved clinical testing is necessary to address the incidence and clinical implications of LD and POWV co-infection or sequential infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Chlamydia</i> Infection in Pigs in Hunan Province, Southern China, 2017-2018.","authors":"Junkun Yang, Shilin Chen, Minxiu Quan, Leqin Li, Ling Shang, Zhongxin Fan, Shifeng Hu","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0064","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Chlamydia</i> is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is pathogenic for humans and a large variety of veterinary animal species. However, there is no continuous monitoring of <i>chlamydia</i> infection data in pigs in Hunan province, southern China. Therefore, in order to evaluate the seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with <i>Chlamydia</i> infection in pigs within this region, a comprehensive study was conducted. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 3848 serum samples were collected from pigs (from farmers and companies) between May 2017 and August 2018. The presence of specific antibodies against <i>Chlamydia</i> was determined through the employment of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The overall seroprevalence of <i>Chlamydia</i> was determined to be 26.90% (1038/3848, 95% confidence interval: 25.60-28.40). By employing statistical analysis using SPSS software (<i>p</i> < 0.05), factors such as altitude, sampling regions, and rearing systems of pigs were identified as potential risk factors for <i>Chlamydia</i> infection. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings elucidate a substantial prevalence of <i>Chlamydia</i> in pigs within the mountainous region of Hunan province, southern China, thereby highlighting a potential risk to human health. These results underscore the need for proactive measures and targeted interventions to mitigate the transmission of Chlamydia in porcine populations, safeguarding both animal welfare and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between <i>Wolbachia</i> Infection and Susceptibility to Deltamethrin Insecticide in <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.","authors":"Amrollah Azarm, Mona Koosha, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Alireza Zahraie-Ramazani, Amir Ahmad Akhavan, Zahra Saeidi, Mehdi Mohebali, Kamal Azam, Hassan Vatandoost, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0085","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. <i>Wolbachia</i> is a symbiotic alphaproteobacteria of arthropods that can be involved in susceptibility or resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between <i>Wolbachia</i> and Deltamethrin susceptibility/resistance in <i>Ph. papatasi</i>. Deltamethrin filter papers (0.00002%) were used to test sand fly field collected from southern Iran. After the test, PCR amplification of the <i>Wolbachia</i> surface protein gene (wsp) was used to measure <i>Wolbachia</i> infection rate in the killed, surviving, and control groups. <b><i>Result:</i></b> The rates of infection by <i>Wolbachia</i> strain (wPap, super group A) differed between killed (susceptible) and surviving (resistant) <i>Ph. papatasi</i> specimens. The rate of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection in susceptible individuals was more than twice (2.3) (39% vs. 17%) in resistant individuals with the same genetic background. This difference was highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating a positive association between <i>Wolbachia</i> infection and susceptibility to Deltamethrin. In addition, the results showed that Deltamethrin can act as a PCR inhibitor during detection of <i>Wolbachia</i> in <i>Ph. papatasi</i>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Results of this study show that <i>Wolbachia</i> is associated with Deltamethrin susceptibility level in <i>Ph. papatasi</i>. Also, as Deltamethrin has been identified as a PCR inhibitor, great care must be taken in interpreting <i>Wolbachia</i> infection status in infected populations. The results of this study may provide information for a better understanding of the host-symbiont relationship, as well as application of host symbiosis in pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Prognostic Parameter of West Nile Virus: Platelet Distribution Width.","authors":"Ahmed Cihad Genc, Oğuz Karabay, Ertuğrul Güçlü, Aylin Çalıca Utku, Aslı Vatan, Nazan Tuna, Gökçen Budak, Adem Şimşek, Cem Uzun, Sevgi Alan, Hüseyin Doğuş Okan, Fevziye Turkoglu Genc, Aziz Öğütlü","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0056","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> West Nile virus (WNV) infection is a viral disease caused by arboviruses. It can cause epidemics of febrile diseases and meningoencephalitis, especially at the end of the summer season. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors of WNV encephalitis with a case-control study of the patients followed in our clinic. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Among the patients who applied to our hospital with sudden onset fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, maculopapular rash, viral meningitis, or encephalitis findings in late summer and early autumn, those diagnosed with positive WNV PCR and antibody tests were defined as WNV cases. In the same date range, patients with clinically compatible but negative serological and PCR tests for WNV in our hospital were considered as the control group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> WNV infection was diagnosed in 26 of 48 patients who were examined with a preliminary diagnosis of WNV infection, and the other 22 patients were considered as the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, 1-h erythrocyte sedimentation rate, alkaline phosphatase, platelet, and platelet distribution width (PDW). PDW >17.85% indicated WNV infection with 82% sensitivity and 91% specificity. PDW percentage >17.85 increased the risk of WNV infection by 6.1 times. The power of the study was calculated as 83%. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The most common findings in WNV cases were fever and confusion. WNV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with fever and confusion in September and October in settlements on the migration route of birds. The percentage of PDW in whole blood examination can guide the differential diagnosis of WNV cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Healthy Pet Rabbits.","authors":"Tamara Pasqualina Russo, Luca Borrelli, Adriano Minichino, Alessandro Fioretti, Ludovico Dipineto","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a ubiquitous microorganism and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous diseases in humans and animals, characterized by different clinical pictures with acute or subacute course. <i>S. aureus</i>, due to its great adaptability and versatility in terms of infections and hosts, can be considered a relevant pathogen because of the harmful effects on animal health and its potential for transmission from animals to humans and vice versa. In recent years, a marked increase in multidrug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> has been reported, posing a serious threat for disease management, food safety, and animal and human health as they limit available therapeutic options. In light of a growing interest of the scientific community for this micro- organism and considering the limited data availability on the prevalence of this pathogen in pet rabbits, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the presence of <i>S. aureus</i> in pet rabbits. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> From November 2021 to December 2022, nasal swabs were collected from 50 pet rabbits from private households in the Campania Region, southern Italy, and underwent analysis for <i>S. aureus</i> detection. Samples were enriched in broth, then inoculated onto nutrient and selective media, including Blood agar base supplemented with 7% sheep blood and Baird-Parker Agar Base, following standard laboratory protocols. Incubations in aerobic conditions at 37°C were performed for 24/48h for colony identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all <i>S. aureus</i> isolates was conducted using the disc diffusion method. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our results reported the presence of <i>S. aureus</i> in 16/50 (32%) rabbits examined, showing high levels of phenotypic resistance to different antibiotics, in particular penicillin 10U (81.2%) and erythromycin 15 μg (62.5%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study demonstrated that pet rabbits represent a significant reservoir of <i>S. aureus</i> and contributes to the knowledge on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria in rabbits raised in a domestic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}