Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Detection of <i>Francisella</i> spp. in Blood, Milk, and Ticks Infesting Small Ruminants in Urmia, Iran.","authors":"Zahraalsadat Tavakolian, Amir Tukmechi, Abdulghaffar Ownagh, Ahmad Enferadi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2025.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Zoonotic diseases pose a significant global health challenge, accounting for over half of all newly emerging infectious illnesses. One such pathogenic agent is the bacterium Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, a zoonotic disease spread in the Northern Hemisphere through various means, including tick bites. Unfortunately, there is limited literature on tick-borne bacteria affecting human and animal health. This research confirmed the presence of Francisella spp. in ticks in the Urmia region, highlighting the potential for ticks to act as vectors for transmitting the bacteria to livestock and humans. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 397 ticks, 315 blood samples, and 241 milk samples were gathered from sheep and goats to screen for the existence of Francisella spp. The nested PCR technique revealed the existence of Francisella spp. 16S rRNA gene in the samples. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Blood and milk samples from small ruminants did not show the presence of Francisella spp., but the bacteria were detected in 6 tick pools (n = 79; 7.59%; 95% CI: 3.52%-15.59%). The positive ticks identified were Hyalomma asiaticum 2 (n = 24; 8.33%; 95% CI: 2.31%-25.84%), Hyalomma eagyptum 3 (n = 9; 33.33%; 95% CI: 12.06%-64.58%), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus 1 (n = 15; 6.67%; 95% CI: 1.19% - 29.82%) and the presence of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica was found to be positive in 3 out of 79 tick pools (3.80%; 95% CI: 1.3 % - 10.58%). The positive ticks identified in this experiment were female Hyalomma aegyptium (1 out of 3; 33.33%; 95% CI: 6.15% - 79.23%), male Hyalomma asiaticum (1 out of 14; 7.14%; 95% CI: 1.27% - 31.47%) and female Rhipicephalus sanguineus (1 out of 7; 14.29%; 95% CI: 2.57% - 51.32%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study explored the presence of Francisella species, especially the most dangerous, F. tularensis, in small ruminants and the ticks that attach to them using molecular techniques in the Urmia region of northwestern Iran. The research seeks to improve knowledge of Francisella spp. epidemiology. Understanding the risk of human-livestock transmission of this pathogen is crucial for public health, particularly for individuals working in animal-related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens <i>Rickettsia</i> Spp., <i>Borrelia</i> Spp., <i>Coxiella</i> Spp., and <i>Bartonella</i> Spp. in West Africa from 2000 to 2023: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Merci Muhigwa, Nina Gouba, Etienne Bilgo, Aboubakar Soma, Fernand Michodigni, Yaya Sozanga Sanou, Abdoulaye Diabate, Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2025.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Intracellular bacteria such as <i>Rickettsia</i> spp., <i>Borrelia</i> spp., <i>Coxiella</i> spp., and <i>Bartonella</i> spp. cause febrile illnesses similar to malaria and arboviruses, leading to under-reporting in sub-Saharan Africa. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we included studies on these bacteria in humans, animals, and vectors in West Africa (2000-2023). Case reports, editorials, studies on other pathogens, and coinfections were excluded. Data was retrieved from African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and PubMed (last search: December 31, 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and QGIS. A random-effects model estimated prevalence, with subgroup analysis based on country, detection method, period, and host type. Heterogeneity was measured via the <i>I</i>² index (>50% indicating moderate heterogeneity). Publication bias was assessed by stratifying studies by risk of bias. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 27 articles included, 10 covered studies on <i>Rickettsia</i> spp., 5 <i>Borrelia</i> spp., 6 <i>Coxiella</i> spp., 3 <i>Bartonella</i> spp., and 3 both <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. and <i>Coxiella</i> spp. Among them, 10 studies focused on vectors, 5 on animals, 5 on humans, and 7 on One Health. The prevalence of <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. was the highest in humans, 19.46%, 95% confidence interval: [19.42-19.50]. <i>Bartonella</i> spp. had the highest prevalence in animals, 82.57%, 95% CI: [82.46-82.69], and vectors 37.62%, 95% CI: [37.53-37.71]. Prevalence increased significantly post 2010 (81.4%). PCR-based detection showed a higher prevalence (63%). In the risk-of-bias analysis, the quality of the studies, which were included, did not affect the results and overall validity of findings. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Intracellular bacteria spread widely among humans, animals, and vectors. One Health approach is essential for managing zoonotic bacterial diseases in Africa. Variation in prevalence underlines the need for methodological standardization and future research should focus on harmonizing methods by integrating molecular methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Blood Meal on <i>Plasmodium</i> Oocyst Growth Using the Enema Injection Method.","authors":"Asako Haraguchi, Moeka Gonda, Kazuhiko Nakayama, Kanta Fujiwara, Jun Hakozaki, Sakure Nakamura, Kodai Kusakisako, Hiromi Ikadai","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.0099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes transmit <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites through blood feeding. The oocyst stage in mosquitoes is crucial for <i>Plasmodium</i> transmission. Oocysts can form without a blood meal or the midgut passage and utilize nutrients from additional blood feeding. However, it remains unclear the impact of a blood meal during infection on oocysts. The present study evaluated how a blood meal during infection impacts oocyst growth to better understand oocyst development. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used a novel method for <i>Plasmodium</i> infection known as enema injection, which involves injecting <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> (ANKA strain) into the midgut lumen of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> mosquitoes (STE2 strain) via the anus, traversing the midgut wall without a blood meal. We compared the size of oocysts in mosquitoes infected by enema injection alone, hemocoel injection alone, and each infection method combined with uninfected blood feeding, as well as those only with infected blood feeding. <b><i>Results:</i></b> By enema injection with <i>Plasmodium</i> ookinetes, oocysts formed solely in the mosquito's midgut. Oocysts from enema-injected mosquitoes were similar in size to those from hemocoel-injected mosquitoes. Oocysts from mosquitoes infected by enema injection combined with uninfected blood feeding were larger than oocysts from mosquitoes infected by enema injection alone. However, the size of oocysts from mosquitoes infected by hemocoel injection was not affected by the presence or absence of blood feeding. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Enema injection with <i>Plasmodium</i> ookinetes is applicable to <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes. Using the enema injection method, we suggest that a blood meal during infection might facilitate oocyst growth within the midgut.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Leishmania infantum</i> in Horses from Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Arlei Marcili, Isadora Karolina Freitas de Sousa, Rejane Dos Santos Sousa, Rafael Alves de Souza, Gabriel Ferreira Batista, Varley Cardoso Bosco, Thamiris Nascimento Dos Santos, Bruna Alves Farias, Livia Mendes Miranda, Herbert Sousa Soares, Valéria Castilho Onófrio, Fernanda Ap Nieri-Bastos","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis distributed throughout Brazil and caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. The disease manifests in its visceral form, with dogs being the primary reservoir. Manaus is the largest city in the Brazilian Amazon region, and despite its significance, there are only documented cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Leishmania infantum in horses in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 178 horses from 16 different properties within the city were sampled, and the specific molecular diagnosis was based on the L-like cathepsin gene. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 178 horse samples, 82% were positive for L. infantum in the molecular diagnosis based on the L-like cathepsin gene, and of the 16 different properties sampled, only one did not have any positive animals. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The role of horses in the transmission cycle of visceral leishmaniasis remains controversial, but the presence of infected horses before the appearance of human cases suggests that this host group could be considered sentinel, and their monitoring may serve as an early warning for the emergence of leishmaniasis in a given area.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variation Within and Between G1 and G3 Genotypes of <i>Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto</i> from Chile Revealed by Partial DNA Sequencing of <i>rrnS</i> Gene Marker.","authors":"Victoria Freire, Gittith Sánchez, Flery Fonseca, Alejandro Hidalgo, Alex Vargas, Juan Venegas","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the parasite <i>Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato</i> is one of the most important zoonoses worldwide, causing a great impact on human and animal health. Despite its impact, control programs have not been able to eradicate the parasite; in part, because its transmission cycles, its phylogeny, and the host-parasite relationships are still not well known. In order to deepen knowledge about <i>Echinococcus</i> spp. populations in the endemic areas of southern Chile, the present study was carried out. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Ten isolates of CE cysts were analyzed, mostly from cattle from southern Chile. A segment of the gene that codes for ribosomal RNA of the minor subunit of the ribosome (<i>rrnS</i> marker) was amplified by PCR using total DNA from this parasite as a sample. Then, they were sequenced, analyzed by molecular phylogeny, and their haplotype network was studied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> It was demonstrated that the <i>rrnS</i> marker allows the unambiguous identification of genotypes G1 and G3. Interestingly, it was found that some Chilean parasite isolates of genotype G1 could ancestrally originate from Spain; different to the majority of these isolates that would come from Turkey or Iran. However, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis. In addition, an animal was detected that had been infected on at least two occasions by parasites with different haplotypes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present results support the usefulness of the <i>rrnS</i> marker to identify the G1 and G3 genotypes, allowing a simple and low-cost tool for large-scale studies. More information is provided on the population structure of the populations of <i>E. granulosus sensu stricto</i> from Chile and the usefulness of distinguishing between different haplotypes is verified; increasing the resolution of the information that can be very useful to providing more information on the phylogenetic relationships and molecular history of this important parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"25 5","pages":"339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Relationship Between Entomological Surveillance Indices and West Nile Virus Transmission, United States: Systematic Review.","authors":"Thomas C Moore, Xin Tang, Heidi E Brown","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0072","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Entomological surveillance indices are used to estimate the risk of West Nile virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae, genus <i>Flavivirus</i>) transmission. To determine when and where to initiate mosquito control activities, integrated vector management programs establish action thresholds based on entomological surveillance indices. However, the application of entomological surveillance indices needs further investigation relative to the human risk of WNV infection. Herein, we examine the evidence from studies that investigated the quantitative relationship between entomological surveillance indices and human WNV cases using systematic review methods. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Across three databases, 5378 articles were identified. Using the selection criteria, 38 studies were included for study. Most articles explored entomological indices weekly and devised unique geographic scales to aggregate human and/or mosquito data. The most used models were logistic and negative binomial regression. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and vector index (VI) demonstrated the greatest ratio of number of positive results to number of times tested. Among all selected articles, 35 unique U.S. locations assessed MLE and/or VI. Human WNV infection had a significant association with MLE across 81.25% (13/16) of locations. VI showed successful performance across 80.00% (24/30) sites tested. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This systematic review identifies methods for quantifying relationships between entomological and human WNV infection data. We found entomological surveillance indices applied to human WNV risk should include a measure of virus presence, such as MLE and VI. Model type and covariates were too variable to identify geographic or species-specific trends, though, when tested, including temperature, land cover, population density, and time improved the model. This study is meant to be informative and designed to assist public health agencies in seasonal WNV preparations but are not meant to be a panacea for all WNV surveillance challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"317-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Rates and Outcomes of Hyponatremia in Patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.","authors":"Bahadır Orkun Ozbay, Aliye Baştuğ, Yasemin Hanoğlu","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0004","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> In the study, we aimed to determine the prevalence rate of hyponatremia in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and to investigate the relationship between hyponatremia and disease severity. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Patients over 18 years of age who received a definitive diagnosis of CCHF between April 2018 and October 2023 were included in the study. The patients' sodium levels, symptoms, and findings at the time of admission to the hospital were recorded. In addition, the severity score index was calculated according to the laboratory values and findings at the time of admission. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The total number of patients included in the study was 219. Hyponatremia was detected at admission in 99 (45.2%) patients. The median serum sodium value in patients with hyponatremia was 133 (127-135) mEq/L. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant inverse correlation between serum sodium level and severity score index (<i>r</i> = -0.522, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Mild hyponatremia was detected in almost half of the patients with CCHF, and this parameter may be useful in determining disease severity on admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"359-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Prevalence and Distribution of H9 Subtype of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds: Literature Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Wen-Xu Tan, Si-Yuan Qin, Xing Yang, Xiao-Man Li, Jing-Hao Li, Hongwei Cao, Jing Jiang, Quan Zhao, He-Ting Sun","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0111","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> As a natural accelerator of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds, the H9 subtype of avian influenza poses a substantial threat to both humans and the poultry industry. A comprehensive meta-analysis is necessary to assess the current status of the global H9 outbreak. In this research, a literature review and meta-analysis are presented on the surveillance studies of the H9 subtype of avian influenza in wild birds worldwide up to 2024. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A comprehensive search strategy was employed, utilizing the China Science and Technology Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scientific Direct databases. The exclusion criteria for this study included duplicate studies, reviews, other host studies, as well as research with inconsistent or insufficient data. An analysis was conducted on data obtained from a total of 31 publications. The rate-conversion analyses were conducted using a random-effects model in the \"meta\" package of the \"R\" software, with the PFT method implemented. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the meta-analysis, the prevalence of wild bird H9 avian influenza virus (AIV) was found to be 0.02% (193 out of 365,972). Statistically significant higher prevalences of wild bird influenza A virus were observed in Norway and South Africa (0.87%, 21/2417 and 0.44%, 10/1155, respectively) in comparison with other regions. Within the <i>Anseriformes</i> family, the prevalence rate was much greater (0.17%, 80 out of 90,014) compared with other species. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses that included geographical variables. These assessments showed a higher prevalence of H9 in wild birds in cold regions (0.08%, 30/100,691). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In summary, our results suggest that the occurrence of H9 AIV in avian populations differs among different geographical areas and species. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further surveillance on the prevalence of AIV in wild birds to guide the creation of strong and efficient regulatory strategies targeted at eradicating the transmission of AIV across different species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"346-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Brucellosis Presenting with Necrotizing-Like Skin Involvement.","authors":"Nursel Atay Ünal, Zeynep Savaş Şen, Türkan Aydın Teke, Koray Bakır, Ayşenur Alkaya, Nilüfer Tekgöz","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0121","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"365-366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Nucleic Acid Extraction from Ticks: Challenges and Potential for Advancement.","authors":"Donath Damian","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> DNA extraction from ticks is essential for research on tick-borne diseases, yet the methodologies currently employed exhibit significant variability in terms of yield and purity. This systematic review aims to consolidate existing literature on DNA extraction from ticks, evaluate the various methodologies, challenges, and research gap. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> A systematic review of existing literature was conducted to assess the efficacy, yield, and purity of DNA extracted from various tick species using the aforementioned methods. Comparative analyses focused on factors such as extraction efficiency, contamination issues, and the impact of tick exoskeleton resilience. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Phenol-chloroform extraction achieved high DNA yields (50-100 ng/µL) but posed safety risks and was time-consuming. Silica-based methods provided yields of 40-80 ng/µL, effective for many species but less so for those with high microbial loads. Magnetic bead-based extraction offered rapid results with yields ranging from 20 to 70 ng/µL, although it faced challenges such as bead carryover and equipment requirements. Variability in extraction efficiency was noted across different tick species, necessitating method optimization. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The review identified several critical research gaps in DNA extraction methods for tick-borne disease diagnostics and research. Currently, methods such as mechanical disruption combined with chemical lysis and column-based methods have shown effectiveness in extracting DNA from ticks, but they come with limitations, including high cost, labor intensity, and reduced efficiency under certain conditions. Despite their utility, these methods often face challenges in resource-limited settings or in varying environmental conditions. To address these issues, there is a need for standardized protocols, cost-effective extraction techniques, and longitudinal studies to evaluate performance under diverse conditions. By addressing these gaps, we can improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance our understanding of tick-borne diseases, and advance both research and public health efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"25 5","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}