Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"A Case of Pediatric Brucellosis with a Rare Complication of Splenic Abscess.","authors":"Coskun Ekemen, Gulhadiye Avcu, Asli Arslan, Emine Cigdem Ozer, Zumrut Sahbudak Bal","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0133","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"427-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Leishmania infantum</i> in Horses from Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Arlei Marcili, Isadora Karolina Freitas de Sousa, Rejane Dos Santos Sousa, Rafael Alves de Souza, Gabriel Ferreira Batista, Varley Cardoso Bosco, Thamiris Nascimento Dos Santos, Bruna Alves Farias, Livia Mendes Miranda, Herbert Sousa Soares, Valéria Castilho Onófrio, Fernanda Ap Nieri-Bastos","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0109","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis distributed throughout Brazil and caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. The disease manifests in its visceral form, with dogs being the primary reservoir. Manaus is the largest city in the Brazilian Amazon region, and despite its significance, there are only documented cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Leishmania infantum in horses in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 178 horses from 16 different properties within the city were sampled, and the specific molecular diagnosis was based on the L-like cathepsin gene. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 178 horse samples, 82% were positive for L. infantum in the molecular diagnosis based on the L-like cathepsin gene, and of the 16 different properties sampled, only one did not have any positive animals. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The role of horses in the transmission cycle of visceral leishmaniasis remains controversial, but the presence of infected horses before the appearance of human cases suggests that this host group could be considered sentinel, and their monitoring may serve as an early warning for the emergence of leishmaniasis in a given area.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"403-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of West Nile Virus as a Cause of Human Disease in Kansas.","authors":"Stephen Higgs, Susan M Hettenbach, Ashlie M Ake, Nicole M Ioerger, Dana L Vanlandingham","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0104","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> In the United States, West Nile virus (WNV) was first identified in 1999 in New York City and in Kansas in 2002. How the virus was introduced remains uncertain, although several potential methods have been hypothesized. This review presents an overview of what has occurred with WNV since 1999 and the potential for establishment of related viruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus, if they were to be introduced in the United States. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We have compiled human West Nile case data from Kansas over time with the purpose of illustrating how this virus has become endemic in the center of North America in a representative Midwestern state that is seasonal and does not have year-round mosquito vector activity. Case data were compiled from multiple sources including the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The annual reported numbers of human WNV infections have fluctuated widely in Kansas since the introduction in 2002. Between 2002 and 2022, there were a total of 715 reported cases in Kansas, with an average of 34 cases per year. Among the 715 cases, 73% were from 23 counties, but 4 counties accounted for 32% of this total with clusters of cases. Sedgwick County, which is the second most populous county in Kansas, represented 15% of the 715 total cases. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The reasons for fluctuations in the number of cases reported each year and the distribution of these cases is uncertain, but they are most likely due to changes in the mosquito vector populations, which are influenced by environmental factors, such as seasonal rainfall, temperature, and humidity. With regards to the future, WNV is here to stay with annual fluctuations that are difficult to predict. The establishment of WNV in the U.S. and Kansas should serve as a warning for the possibility of establishment of other mosquito-vectored diseases, including Japanese Encephalitis virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"367-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Detection and Genome Analysis of the Kindia Tick Virus in Cattle and <i>Rhipicephalus</i> Ticks in the Republic of Guinea.","authors":"Mikhail Yu Kartashov, Ekaterina I Krivosheina, Ekaterina V Naidenova, Kirill S Zakharov, Alexander N Shvalov, Sanaba Boumbaly, Vladimir A Ternovoi, Valery B Loktev","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Over the past decade, numerous new tick-associated flavi-like viruses with segmented genomes have been discovered almost worldwide. Kindia tick virus (KITV) was first detected in <i>Rhipicephalus geigyi</i> ticks in West Africa in 2017. The current study aimed to detect viral RNA in tick and cattle samples collected in Guinea and to perform complete sequencing of KITV isolates and their analysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Adult ticks and blood samples were collected from cattle in Coyah, Dubréka, Forécariah, and Kindia prefectures of the Republic of Guinea in 2022. These samples were tested for KITV infection by RT-PCR with primers targeting the NS5 gene. Positive probes were sequenced using Illumina technology, and their analysis was performed for obtaining complete sequences of all KITV segments. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The RNA of the KITV was detected by RT-PCR in <i>Rh. geigyi</i>, <i>Rh. annulatus</i> ticks, and blood samples of cattle. The prevalence rates for cattle were 6.6%, for <i>Rh. annulatus</i> 6.9%, and for <i>Rh. geigyi</i> ticks 10.7%. The analysis of 15 complete sequences of KITV genomes showed 99.61-99.67% identity for amino acid sequences for segments 1 and 4 and 97.88-98.83% for segments 2 and 3 with previously detected KITV isolate in Guinea in 2017. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that obtained KITV sequences can be classified as typical for clade A of the Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) group together with Mogiana tick virus. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The KITV isolates from cattle and feeding ticks show practically full identity sequences for all four viral segments, and these sequences can be classified as clade A of the segmented flavi-like virus JMTV group.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Lyme Disease in Asian Human Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jieqin Song, Yan Dong, Yu Zhang, Guozhong Zhou, Xinya Wu, Li Gao, Hanxin Wu, Li Peng, Jiaru Yang, Zhenhua Ji, Bingxue Li, Yuxin Fan, Jingjing Chen, Meixiao Liu, Jing Kong, Weijie Ma, Lei Zhong, Weijiang Ma, Aihua Liu, Fukai Bao","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.0092","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Lyme disease (LD, also known as Lyme borreliosis) is the most frequent tick-transmitted disease caused by the spirochete &lt;i&gt;Borrelia&lt;/i&gt; in Europe and the United States. LD is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, but the seroprevalence of LD in Asian human populations is unclear. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the seroprevalence of LD in Asian human populations. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Data Sources:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and other sources were searched for relevant studies with MeSH terms from their inception up to 20 June 2022. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Study Eligibility Criteria:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Cross-sectional studies with no language restrictions. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Participants:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Healthy people, at-risk people, and patients with suspected LD. Moreover, the seroprevalence of LD was diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis (nzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)/Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) or/and two-tier testing) in human populations. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Assessment of Risk of Bias:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Risk of bias was rated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) standardized critical appraisal instrument for prevalence studies (Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods of Data Synthesis:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Seroprevalence and proportion of LD in human populations in Asia were obtained from the included studies. Two authors independently screened and selected studies according to our predefined criteria (PROSPERO CRD42022362029) and assessed their risk of bias. A third author was available for arbitrating discrepancies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was conducted to determine the proportions of LD and related information, and further subgroup analyses of some studies were conducted, such as methods for diagnosing LD, gender, and human populations with and without tick bites. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; There are 18 studies included after full-text screening and 11,498 people in the meta-analysis. These studies encompassed countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Türkiye, Singapore, and Indonesia. Regarding the risk of bias and the JBI checklist, 2 studies scored 7 points and 16 studies scored 8 points. All studies were rated as high quality (≥5 points). In the meta-analysis, the seroprevalences of LD were 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.081-0.168) by ELISA/IFA and 5.7% (95% CI 0.034-0.085) for two-tier seropositivity testing in Asia. In subgroup analyses, the proportion of those diagnosed with LD by ELISA/IFA (14.7%, 95% CI 0.094-0.208) was significantly higher than the proportion diagnosed by two-tier testing (5.9%, 95% CI 0.032-0.095) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). The proportion of LD (two-tier testing) was slightly higher in women (7.4%, 95% CI 0.036-0.123) than in men (6.2%, 95% CI 0.026-0.111), but the difference was not significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.70). In the study population, 47% (95% CI 0.159-0.795) were bitten by ticks (people with confirmed tick bites). The difference in the prop","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Ectoparasites Infesting Commensal Invasive Murid Rodents.","authors":"Mabatho M Nkoko, Ndivhuwo Shivambu, Tinyiko C Shivambu, Takalani Nelufule, Nozipho Khumalo, Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai, Tshifhiwa C Nangammbi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2025.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rodents are associated with the spread of deadly zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases. Their widespread distribution is strongly linked to their ability to thrive in human-altered environments with access to food and shelter. Thus, humans are exposed to zoonotic agents that can spread and infect them directly and indirectly. We sourced published literature on ectoparasites associated with <i>Rattus rattus</i>, <i>R. norvegicus</i>, and <i>Mus musculus</i> from various academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The relevant literature was screened and selected in R statistical software using the packages ''metagear'' and ''revtool.'' We reviewed and analyzed a total of 53 articles published between 1994 and 2024. The literature review covered studies from 29 countries, represented by six continents, namely, Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America, with the majority of the studies from Asia. <i>R. rattus</i> had the most published studies. Our literature review identified 87 species of zoonotic ectoparasites, with <i>Xenopsylla cheopis</i>, <i>Polyplax spinulosa</i>, and <i>Laelaps echidninus</i> being the most reported across all host species. Mites were the most reported ectoparasites (40.83%), followed by fleas (25%), ticks (20%), and lice (14.17%). Most of these ectoparasites were reported from <i>R. rattus</i>, with the highest number of documented ectoparasites. Investigating the prevalence, distribution, and potential risks of alien invasive rodents and their ectoparasites is paramount for public health and improving integrated pest management control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Five Cases of <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> Pneumonia Diagnosed Using Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing.","authors":"Wei Wang, Chun-Liang Yan, Qi-Shan Xue","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2025.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of five cases of <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> pneumonia diagnosed using metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and to provide help for its diagnosis and treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Five patients who were admitted to the department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Beijing Aerospace General Hospital between June 2020 and December 2021 and diagnosed with <i>C. psittaci</i> pneumonia using mNGS were selected, including one case with severe pneumonia. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis of the five participating patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The main clinical manifestations were high fever, dry cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and myalgia. All five patients had a history of contact with poultry. The white blood cell count was normal or slightly increased, the lymphocyte count was significantly decreased, and the percentage of neutrophil granulocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and procalcitonin were significantly increased. Chest computed tomography showed inflammatory infiltration and consolidation of one or more lung lobes, possibly accompanied by pleural effusion and liver function impairment. Bronchoscopy mainly showed congestion and edema of airway mucosa with less sputum in the airway. In all patients, we detected the nucleic acid sequences of <i>C. psittaci</i> in alveolar lavage fluid or sputum using mNGS and confirmed the diagnosis of <i>C. psittaci</i> pneumonia based on clinical manifestations and exposure history. After adjusting antibiotics to a moxifloxacin-based treatment regimen, the disease improved. The application of the mNGS assay enables us to make faster diagnoses of diseases so that timely medication can be administered, thus shortening the duration of a patient's illness. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> <i>C. psittaci</i> pneumonia has an acute onset, and fever and cough are common symptoms. A history of contact between the patient and birds is an important diagnostic clue; however, clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging examinations lack specificity. The detection using mNGS of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can quickly confirm the diagnosis and reduce missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses. Moxifloxacin-based therapy is effective, and patients require combination therapy if they have other bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of <i>Francisella</i> spp. in Blood, Milk, and Ticks Infesting Small Ruminants in Urmia, Iran.","authors":"Zahraalsadat Tavakolian, Amir Tukmechi, Abdulghaffar Ownagh, Ahmad Enferadi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2025.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Zoonotic diseases pose a significant global health challenge, accounting for over half of all newly emerging infectious illnesses. One such pathogenic agent is the bacterium Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, a zoonotic disease spread in the Northern Hemisphere through various means, including tick bites. Unfortunately, there is limited literature on tick-borne bacteria affecting human and animal health. This research confirmed the presence of Francisella spp. in ticks in the Urmia region, highlighting the potential for ticks to act as vectors for transmitting the bacteria to livestock and humans. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 397 ticks, 315 blood samples, and 241 milk samples were gathered from sheep and goats to screen for the existence of Francisella spp. The nested PCR technique revealed the existence of Francisella spp. 16S rRNA gene in the samples. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Blood and milk samples from small ruminants did not show the presence of Francisella spp., but the bacteria were detected in 6 tick pools (n = 79; 7.59%; 95% CI: 3.52%-15.59%). The positive ticks identified were Hyalomma asiaticum 2 (n = 24; 8.33%; 95% CI: 2.31%-25.84%), Hyalomma eagyptum 3 (n = 9; 33.33%; 95% CI: 12.06%-64.58%), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus 1 (n = 15; 6.67%; 95% CI: 1.19% - 29.82%) and the presence of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica was found to be positive in 3 out of 79 tick pools (3.80%; 95% CI: 1.3 % - 10.58%). The positive ticks identified in this experiment were female Hyalomma aegyptium (1 out of 3; 33.33%; 95% CI: 6.15% - 79.23%), male Hyalomma asiaticum (1 out of 14; 7.14%; 95% CI: 1.27% - 31.47%) and female Rhipicephalus sanguineus (1 out of 7; 14.29%; 95% CI: 2.57% - 51.32%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study explored the presence of Francisella species, especially the most dangerous, F. tularensis, in small ruminants and the ticks that attach to them using molecular techniques in the Urmia region of northwestern Iran. The research seeks to improve knowledge of Francisella spp. epidemiology. Understanding the risk of human-livestock transmission of this pathogen is crucial for public health, particularly for individuals working in animal-related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens <i>Rickettsia</i> Spp., <i>Borrelia</i> Spp., <i>Coxiella</i> Spp., and <i>Bartonella</i> Spp. in West Africa from 2000 to 2023: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Merci Muhigwa, Nina Gouba, Etienne Bilgo, Aboubakar Soma, Fernand Michodigni, Yaya Sozanga Sanou, Abdoulaye Diabate, Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2025.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2025.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Intracellular bacteria such as <i>Rickettsia</i> spp., <i>Borrelia</i> spp., <i>Coxiella</i> spp., and <i>Bartonella</i> spp. cause febrile illnesses similar to malaria and arboviruses, leading to under-reporting in sub-Saharan Africa. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we included studies on these bacteria in humans, animals, and vectors in West Africa (2000-2023). Case reports, editorials, studies on other pathogens, and coinfections were excluded. Data was retrieved from African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and PubMed (last search: December 31, 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and QGIS. A random-effects model estimated prevalence, with subgroup analysis based on country, detection method, period, and host type. Heterogeneity was measured via the <i>I</i>² index (>50% indicating moderate heterogeneity). Publication bias was assessed by stratifying studies by risk of bias. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 27 articles included, 10 covered studies on <i>Rickettsia</i> spp., 5 <i>Borrelia</i> spp., 6 <i>Coxiella</i> spp., 3 <i>Bartonella</i> spp., and 3 both <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. and <i>Coxiella</i> spp. Among them, 10 studies focused on vectors, 5 on animals, 5 on humans, and 7 on One Health. The prevalence of <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. was the highest in humans, 19.46%, 95% confidence interval: [19.42-19.50]. <i>Bartonella</i> spp. had the highest prevalence in animals, 82.57%, 95% CI: [82.46-82.69], and vectors 37.62%, 95% CI: [37.53-37.71]. Prevalence increased significantly post 2010 (81.4%). PCR-based detection showed a higher prevalence (63%). In the risk-of-bias analysis, the quality of the studies, which were included, did not affect the results and overall validity of findings. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Intracellular bacteria spread widely among humans, animals, and vectors. One Health approach is essential for managing zoonotic bacterial diseases in Africa. Variation in prevalence underlines the need for methodological standardization and future research should focus on harmonizing methods by integrating molecular methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variation Within and Between G1 and G3 Genotypes of <i>Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto</i> from Chile Revealed by Partial DNA Sequencing of <i>rrnS</i> Gene Marker.","authors":"Victoria Freire, Gittith Sánchez, Flery Fonseca, Alejandro Hidalgo, Alex Vargas, Juan Venegas","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the parasite <i>Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato</i> is one of the most important zoonoses worldwide, causing a great impact on human and animal health. Despite its impact, control programs have not been able to eradicate the parasite; in part, because its transmission cycles, its phylogeny, and the host-parasite relationships are still not well known. In order to deepen knowledge about <i>Echinococcus</i> spp. populations in the endemic areas of southern Chile, the present study was carried out. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Ten isolates of CE cysts were analyzed, mostly from cattle from southern Chile. A segment of the gene that codes for ribosomal RNA of the minor subunit of the ribosome (<i>rrnS</i> marker) was amplified by PCR using total DNA from this parasite as a sample. Then, they were sequenced, analyzed by molecular phylogeny, and their haplotype network was studied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> It was demonstrated that the <i>rrnS</i> marker allows the unambiguous identification of genotypes G1 and G3. Interestingly, it was found that some Chilean parasite isolates of genotype G1 could ancestrally originate from Spain; different to the majority of these isolates that would come from Turkey or Iran. However, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis. In addition, an animal was detected that had been infected on at least two occasions by parasites with different haplotypes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present results support the usefulness of the <i>rrnS</i> marker to identify the G1 and G3 genotypes, allowing a simple and low-cost tool for large-scale studies. More information is provided on the population structure of the populations of <i>E. granulosus sensu stricto</i> from Chile and the usefulness of distinguishing between different haplotypes is verified; increasing the resolution of the information that can be very useful to providing more information on the phylogenetic relationships and molecular history of this important parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"25 5","pages":"339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}