Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"A New Triatomine on the Chagas Disease Scene: What We Know (and What We Do Not) About <i>Triatoma huehuetenanguensis</i> (Hemiptera; Reduviidae).","authors":"Nancy G Santos-Hernández, José A De Fuentes-Vicente","doi":"10.1177/15303667261455854","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261455854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Triatomines are a group of nearly 158 species of hematophagous insects known as kissing bugs. Several are recognized as important vectors of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, the causative agent of Chagas disease. <i>Triatoma huehuetenanguensis</i>, a triatomine described in Guatemala in 2019, is of particular interest, as it belongs to the dimidiata subcomplex, an epidemiologically important group in southern Mexico and Central America.<i>Objective:</i> This review integrates advances regarding its discovery, distinctive morphological characteristics, life cycle, feeding and defecation patterns, geographic distribution records, and recent contributions to its genetics.<i>Results:</i> This review identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning its taxonomy, ecology, genetic structure, ecological plasticity, and potential interactions with other members of the dimidiata subcomplex. These gaps all currently limit an accurate assessment of its role in the transmission of <i>T. cruzi</i>. For example, there is not yet sufficient knowledge of its genetics to establish its relationship with other species in the complex.<i>Conclusions:</i> Addressing these gaps through integrative and interdisciplinary research is essential to improve vector surveillance, risk assessment, and control strategies in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"657-663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Risk of Animal Plague in the <i>Meriones unguiculatus</i> Plague foci-focus and Influencing Factors.","authors":"Peipei Jiang, Hairong Li, Linsheng Yang, Li Wang","doi":"10.1177/15303667261477391","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261477391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to successive human infections and the extremely active animal epidemics in recent years, <i>Meriones unguiculatus</i> plague focus have become one of the most risky plague foci in China. A refined risk prediction for the <i>M. unguiculatus</i> plague foci is therefore very important for prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compiles data on infected animals and vectors within the plague foci-focus through literature review, employs maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to simulate seasonal variations in animal plague risk, and analyzes the influence of environmental factors on plague epidemic risk in different seasons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During spring and summer, high-risk zones were predominantly clustered in the western Ordos desert steppe region. In autumn, areas of high and extremely high risk significantly increased in the eastern dry steppe and central desert steppe zones, and the overall risk zones decreased substantially in winter.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seasonal plague epidemics in the <i>M. unguiculatus</i> plague focus were primarily associated with climate and land use patterns, in particular maximum precipitation, daily temperature variation, total edge of dryland field and land use, while fixed natural conditions such as vegetation, topography, and soil exerted a relatively minor influence. Specific climatic and land use factors extracted in this study can be used for plague early warning and risk prevention in different seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"673-684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Seropositivity in a Hospital-Based Dog Population in Kars (Türkiye): IFAT-ELISA Comparison and Associated Demographic, Clinical, and Hematological Findings.","authors":"Fatih Büyük, Ekin Emre Erkılıç, Yaren Ersoy, Gizem Önal, Eray Büyük, Yusuf Umut Batı, Seda Gökdemir, Özgür Çelebi, Aliye Gülmez Sağlam","doi":"10.1177/15303667261470243","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261470243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Ehrlichia canis</i> is a common tick-borne pathogen in dogs and may occur without clear clinical signs, complicating diagnosis. Serological methods such as indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are therefore widely used. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of <i>E. canis</i> in dogs from the Kars region of Türkiye and to evaluate associated demographic, clinical, and hematological findings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 188 dogs of different ages, breeds, and clinical backgrounds presented to the Animal Health Education, Application, and Research Hospital of Kafkas University (Türkiye) for routine care or clinical complaints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>E. canis</i> seropositivity was detected at 22.34% (42/188) by IFAT and 10.64% (20/188) by ELISA. Taking IFAT as the reference, ELISA showed 50% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 87.14% diagnostic accuracy, with moderate agreement between tests (κ = 0.598). No statistically significant differences were found in hematological parameters between seropositive and non-dual-seropositive dogs (<i>p</i> values ranged from 0.065 to 0.343). Among demographic and clinical variables, only age showed a significant association (<i>p</i> = 0.008), with higher seropositivity in older dogs; however, this should be interpreted cautiously due to small subgroup sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate notable exposure to <i>E. canis</i> in a hospital-based sample of dogs from the Kars region, even in the absence of clinical or hematological abnormalities. Serological testing alone reflects exposure rather than active infection. Using IFAT and ELISA together may provide a more cautious approach in identifying seroreactive animals, though not necessarily improving definitive diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"664-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Chronic Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Immunocompromised Hosts: <i>In Vivo</i> Antiparasitic and Immuno-Apoptotic Effects of Phellandrene Combined with Pyrimethamine.","authors":"Saeed M N Alasmari, Aishah Alatawi","doi":"10.1177/15303667261474977","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261474977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This investigation was conducted to assess the <i>in vivo</i> effects and potential mechanisms of action of phellandrene (PR) and pyrimethamine (PYM) combination therapy in the context of chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised (ICM) murine models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BALB/c dexamethasone-induced ICM mice infected with the <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> ME49 strain were treated with PR (10 and 20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with PYM for 2 weeks. The number and diameter of tissue cysts, oxidant/antioxidant markers, cell-mediated immunity indicators (<i>e.g.,</i> interferon-gamma [<i>IFN-γ</i>], interleukin-12 [<i>IL-12</i>], <i>IL-4</i>), apoptosis-related genes (<i>e.g., Caspase-3, BAX,</i> and <i>Bcl-2</i>), and pathogenesis-related genes (serine protease inhibitor [serpin A3k] and bradyzoite surface antigen 1 [BAG1]) were examined by qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PR, principally in combination with PYM, reduced the load (26.6 cysts) and size (23.4 µm) of tissue cysts, modulated lipid peroxidation (2.36 nmol/mg tissue), glutathione peroxidase (5.31 U/mg tissue), and superoxide dismutase (47.4 U/mg tissue), and significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.001) the expression levels of cytokines (<i>IFN-γ</i> = 4.12-fold change, <i>IL-12</i> = 3.91-fold change, and <i>IL-4</i> = 1.24-fold change) and apoptosis genes (<i>Caspase-3</i> = 3.1-fold change, <i>BAX</i> = 3.89-fold change, and <i>Bcl-2</i> = 1.17-fold change), while altering the expression of <i>BAG1</i> (1.28-fold change) and serpin <i>A3k</i> (3.46-fold change).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, PR, particularly in combination with PYM, demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy against chronic toxoplasmosis in ICM mice. This effect appears to be mediated through modulation of oxidative stress, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, regulation of apoptosis, and improvement of host immune responses. Importantly, no significant toxicity was observed in vital organs. These findings highlight PR as a promising adjunct candidate; however, further pharmacokinetic and clinical investigations are required to confirm its translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"707-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing of Feline Uropathogens Reveals Multidrug Resistance and Zoonotic Potential in Domestic Cats in Tunisia.","authors":"Hajer Kilani, Zaineb Hamzaoui, Sana Ferjani, Sana Lengliz, Ghassan Tayh, Amira Ben Zedira, Mabrouk Mosbahi, Lamia Kanzari, Faten Ben Chehida, Mohamed Salah Abbassi, Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker","doi":"10.1177/15303667261477573","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261477573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in cats are increasingly recognized as clinically relevant conditions frequently associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of potential zoonotic origin, yet genomic data on feline uropathogens remain scarce in Tunisia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used whole-genome sequencing to characterize seven bacterial isolates recovered from six cats with clinical signs of UTI: Mammaliicoccus lentus (<i>n</i> = 2), Staphylococcus schleiferi (<i>n</i> = 1), Mammaliicoccus sciuri (<i>n</i> = 1), Enterococcus faecalis (<i>n</i> = 1), Enterococcus casseliflavus (<i>n</i> = 1), and Klebsiella aerogenes (<i>n</i> = 1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resistome analysis revealed determinants conferring resistance to β-lactams (blaZ, blaCMY-132), methicillin (mecC-type), macrolides (erm(43), ermB), tetracyclines (tet(M), tet(45), tetB), fosfomycins (fosI, fosB, fosA5), and aminoglycosides (aac(6'), aph(3')-IIIa, aph(6)-Id), alongside efflux pump genes (efrA, sepA, sdrM, oqxA, KpnE/F/G), vancomycin-operon genes (vanT, vanY, vanC, vanG), and biofilm/biocide-tolerance genes (salB, qacG). Notably, M. lentus S104 carried mecC-type elements, the first such report in Tunisia, while K. aerogenes displayed an extensive MDR profile, including blaCMY-132 and fosA5. Multilocus sequence typing/ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (MLST/rMLST) identified diverse lineages, including the internationally distributed E. faecalis ST19 and the rarely reported K. aerogenes ST242. Plasmids were absent in all isolates; a Tn916/1545-type transposon occurred in E. casseliflavus, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems were unevenly distributed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight companion animals as reservoirs of clinically important resistance genes, reinforcing the need for One Health AMR surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"717-727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Evidence of Zoonotic Hemoplasma Infections in Humans Exposed to Bats.","authors":"Isabella K DeAnglis, Moses M Masika, Nina Suomalainen, Bernard Agwanda, Eda Altan, Omu Anzala, Olli Vapalahti, Essi M Korhonen, Tarja Sironen, Kristian M Forbes","doi":"10.1177/15303667261496629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15303667261496629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human-wildlife contact facilitates spillover by exposing humans to wildlife pathogens. Bats are often found living in or near human buildings and host a variety of pathogens known to infect humans, including bacterial pathogens. One of the most widespread bacterial pathogens found in bats is hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. (hemoplasmas), some of which can infect humans and cause anemia, fever, and occasionally death. In Busia County, Kenya, like many regions in Sub-Saharan Africa, humans are commonly exposed to bats and their pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed 602 patients with febrile illness and recorded patient history with bats, rodents, livestock, and domestic animal exposure. We screened 266 patients with a history of bat exposure for hemoplasmas via conventional PCR and gel electrophoresis to determine if bat-borne hemoplasmas were spilling over from bats to humans. We also evaluated whether exposure to different animal groups was associated with specific symptoms of illness and whether certain demographic groups were more likely to be exposed to bats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We did not detect hemoplasmas in any of the patients. Our analysis suggests that symptoms of joint pain and cough may be associated with bat exposure, although after correcting for multiple comparisons, these associations were not significant. Sex and age did not affect the likelihood of bat exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the high prevalence of hemoplasmas recorded in some regions of Africa, hemoplasmas were not found in patients with febrile illness and reported bat exposure, indicating hemoplasmas are not responsible for the illnesses experienced by patients in this study. Continued surveillance and diagnostic investigations are especially important for patients with unknown disease etiology and a history of wildlife exposure, as early detection of zoonotic spillover is critical for containing new disease outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"15303667261496629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> Species Along the Texas-Mexico Border.","authors":"Fernique H Pinder, Josephine Tolan, Frederick Cramer, Maya Murry, Lauren M Leining, Kristy O Murray, Timothy A Erickson, Craig L Hanis, Eric L Brown, Sarah M Gunter","doi":"10.1177/15303667261494773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15303667261494773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are emerging tick-borne bacterial zoonotic diseases resulting from infections with <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> species, respectively, within the family <i>Anaplasmataceae</i>. These tick-borne pathogens represent a growing public health problem in the United States.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To assess their seroprevalence and risk factors for infection along the Texas-Mexico border, we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study using plasma samples obtained from 616 adults residing in Starr County, Texas. Plasma samples were screened for IgG reactivity to <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> antigens using a dual-spot indirect immunofluorescent assay. Ticks were also collected from this region and tested for <i>Anaplasmataceae</i> DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seroprevalence was higher for cases of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. (10.4%) than <i>Ehrlichia</i> spp. (4.8%) and <i>Anaplasmataceae</i> unspecified (6.9%). Age and gender were both significantly associated with seropositivity. PCR testing of the collected ticks revealed a 12.4% (12/97) positivity for <i>Ehrlichia canis,</i> all detected in <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> (Brown dog) ticks, but none were positive for <i>Anaplasma</i> species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested that <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> species are endemic in the region and highlighted the need for ongoing surveillance and public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"15303667261494773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-Response Relationship Between Infection Intensity, Antibody Response, and Clinical Morbidity of <i>Schistosoma Japonicum</i> in an Endemic Focus in Napu Valley, Indonesia.","authors":"Meiske Koraag, Santi Martini, Triwibowo Garjito, Djohan Djohan, Octaviani Octaviani, Arief Mulyono","doi":"10.1177/15303667261495763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15303667261495763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> transmission persists in localized endemic areas of Indonesia, including Napu Valley, Central Sulawesi, where low infection intensity complicates morbidity assessment. This study investigated dose-response associations between infection intensity, antibody response, and clinical morbidity among 132 farmers. Infection intensity was measured using the Kato-Katz method and expressed as eggs per gram of feces (EPG), while anti-Soluble Egg Antigen total IgG was assessed by ELISA. Infection intensity was transformed as ln (EPG + 1). Probit regression was used to assess IgG seropositivity and estimate the ED₅₀, while ordinal and multinomial logistic regression evaluated clinical morbidity. Overall, 22.7% of participants had detectable egg excretion. Increasing ln (EPG + 1) was associated with a higher probability of anti-SEA total IgG seropositivity (β = 0.207, <i>p</i> = 0.045), with an estimated ED₅₀ of approximately 604 EPG. Increasing infection intensity was also associated with diarrhea (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.37-2.36), bloody diarrhea (OR = 1.58; 1.10-2.26), and skin rash (OR = 1.92; 1.29-2.87). These findings demonstrate graded dose-response associations in a low-transmission setting; however, the ED₅₀ reflects a 50% predicted probability of anti-SEA total IgG seropositivity and should not be interpreted as a diagnostic threshold for active infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"15303667261495763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomological Assessment of the Risk of Dengue Epidemic in the Lawspet Constituency, Puducherry.","authors":"Gayathri K Suresh, Athisaya M Kulandaisamy","doi":"10.1177/15303667261469038","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261469038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) account for 17% of the global infectious disease burden, causing 7,00,000 deaths annually. Dengue fever remains a public health concern in India, with 32,091 cases and 32 deaths reported by June 30, 2024. Lawspet constituency in Puducherry, a dengue hotspot, provides ideal conditions for <i>Aedes</i> mosquito breeding. Dengue source reduction, a cost-effective strategy, targets breeding sites to interrupt the mosquito life-cycle. This study aims to assess <i>Aedes</i> immature positivity through a door-to-door survey in 464 households of Pedhuchettipet ward, Lawspet constituency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A door-to-door <i>Aedes</i> survey was conducted in the ward Pedhuchettipet from April to May 2024. Of 960 households, 464 (48.3%) were surveyed following WHO entomological protocols. Various water-holding containers were inspected. Collected <i>Aedes</i> immatures were reared under controlled conditions (27°C ± 2°C, RH 70 ± 2%) until adult emergence and the adults were identified using taxonomic keys. House index (HI), Breteau index (BI), and Container index (CI) were calculated to assess dengue risk in the study area. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 464 houses, 17 (3.6%) had <i>Aedes</i> immatures, with 24 positive containers. 200 immatures emerged and all identified as <i>Aedes aegypti</i> with a 60% emergence rate. HI (3.6%), BI (5.17%), and CI (4.36%) exceeded the dengue transmission threshold, highlighting the risk level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate moderate dengue transmission risk, stressing the need for continuous surveillance and vector control. Source reduction, community interventions, and biological control are crucial in mitigating dengue risks. Environmental management and public awareness can reduce <i>Aedes</i> populations, lowering dengue outbreak risks in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"639-644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Testing Characteristics of Routine Laboratory Findings for Suspected Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis.","authors":"Michael J Waxman, Zachary Landau, Maaham Rehman, Scott Wagner, Christopher Woll, Jeffrey Kennedy, Ashar Ata","doi":"10.1177/15303667261470229","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261470229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have identified routine laboratory abnormalities associated with human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). To aid clinicians in evaluating patients with suspected disease while waiting for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, we describe the diagnostic testing characteristics of routine laboratory tests compared with a gold standard PCR.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted a retrospective chart review of emergency department patients in a highly endemic region who had an HGA PCR sent as part of their clinical care. We reviewed 223 eligible PCR-positive cases and a randomly sampled selection of 466 eligible PCR-negative cases. We calculated the positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) for common laboratory abnormalities (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, bandemia, or transaminitis) alone and in combination with each other.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LR+ and LR- were statistically significant for each laboratory test individually and in combination with each other. Individual laboratory test LRs were: leukopenia, LR+ = 2.9, LR- = 0.74; thrombocytopenia, LR+ = 3.51, LR- = 0.41; bandemia, LR+ = 5.16, LR- = 0.69; hyponatremia, LR+ = 2.37, LR- = 0.46; and transaminitis, LR+ = 2.13, LR- = 0.64. Laboratory test combination LR+s were at least 2 laboratory abnormalities LR+ = 2.93, at least 3 laboratory abnormalities LR+ = 6.38, at least 4 laboratory abnormalities LR+ = 12.96, and all 5 laboratory abnormalities LR+ = 39.7. When no laboratory tests were positive, the LR- was 0.16.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laboratory abnormalities (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, bandemia, hyponatremia, and transaminitis) alone were helpful in ruling in disease in patients with suspected disease, with greater than four or more laboratory values abnormal strongly suggestive for HGA. All five laboratory tests being normal strongly helped rule out disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"594-599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}