Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"Brucellosis Coinfecting with Liver Hydatid Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review of Zoonoses Coinfection of Human Brucellosis.","authors":"Dai Peijun, Shen Weiwei, Pu Zhongshu","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0062","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Brucellosis is a major global public health problem. Brucellosis usually coinfects with zoonoses because of their similar reservoir and infection routes. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Here, we present a patient who was diagnosed with coinfecting with liver cyst and brucellosis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A 57-year-old female farmer was hospitalized with right hip joint pain approximately 4 weeks earlier. The patient reported a history of hydatid cysts and a family history of brucellosis. Abdominal computerized tomography and ultrasonography revealed a liver hydatid cyst. The standard agglutination test titer of Wright's test was 1:100. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed brucellosis hip arthritis. The patient was treated with a combination of doxycycline, rifampicin, and cefotaxime. The symptoms immediately improved. The patient was well and asymptomatic during the 6-month follow-up. We reviewed the literature on other zoonoses superinfection with brucellosis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Brucellosis coinfects with multiple zoonosis organisms and poses a serious health threat to humans. Awareness of possible brucellosis coinfection with other zoonoses, especially professionally exposed persons in endemic regions, is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"74-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen and Host Associations of Soft Ticks Collected in South Texas.","authors":"Sarah E Mays Maestas, Lauren P Maestas, Phillip E Kaufman","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0135","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Soft ticks (Family: Argasidae) are vectors of relapsing fever <i>Borrelia</i> in the United States and are potential vectors of African swine fever virus, a pathogen that could have a devastating effect on the U.S. swine industry if introduced to the U.S. mainland. Much of the tick-borne disease research in the U.S. focuses on hard ticks, and less is known about the ecology of soft ticks. Some soft tick species found in the southern U.S. have a wide host range and may feed on cattle, swine, native and exotic ungulates, small mammals, reptiles, and humans. Because the feeding habit of most soft tick species involves taking short, repeated blood meals that may include multiple host species, pathogen transmission among hosts is a concern both for human and animal health. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Sampling was carried out at four locations in south Texas using dry ice traps placed in or near animal burrows and other sheltering cracks and crevasses that may provide refuge for soft ticks. Collected ticks were identified and subsequently screened for <i>Rickettsia</i> and <i>Borrelia</i> species and for host bloodmeal detection using conventional polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing for pathogen and host species identification. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 256 ticks of two Ornithodorinae species were screened. <i>Borrelia</i> species were identified in three samples. Bloodmeal detections were made in 22 tick specimens, representing eight vertebrate host species. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Results demonstrate that the soft tick species detected herein feed on a range of wildlife hosts in south Texas and are associated with agents of human disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Landscape of Tick Diversity: Integrating Molecular Approaches for Enhanced Control Measures.","authors":"Donath Damian","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0052","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and spread of infectious diseases, particularly zoonotic diseases originating from wildlife, pose significant threats to global health and economy. This review examines the pivotal role of ticks as vectors in transmitting pathogens to humans, livestock, and wildlife and the use of molecular techniques in their identification. Tick infestations result in economic losses through reduced animal productivity, anemia, and quality deterioration of hides. Furthermore, ticks serve as reservoirs for a wide range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes, contributing to the transmission of diseases such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tick-borne encephalitis, and African swine fever among others. The interface between wildlife, livestock, and humans facilitates the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, exacerbated by nomadic and pastoralist lifestyles that promote interactions between wildlife and domestic animals. This movement of animals across landscapes enhances the dispersion of tick vectors, increasing the risk of pathogen exposure for diverse populations. Historically, tick identification in sub-Saharan Africa has relied on morphological characteristics despite limitations such as species overlap and variability. Molecular techniques offer a more precise means of species identification, providing critical data for effective tick and pathogen management strategies. Integrating molecular approaches into tick research enhances our understanding of tick diversity, distribution patterns, and pathogen dynamics. This knowledge is essential for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of tick-borne diseases on public and veterinary health worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping <i>Ixodes pacificus</i> and <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Habitat Suitability Under Current and Mid-Century Climate in the Pacific Northwest (BC and WA).","authors":"Isabelle Couloigner, Carl Dizon, Sunny Mak, Elizabeth Dykstra, Erin Fraser, Muhammad Morshed, Stefan Iwasawa, Sylvia Checkley, Susan Cork","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and Canada. The primary vector for the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, in the Pacific Northwest is the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Using active tick surveillance data from British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, USA, habitat suitability models using MaxEnt (maximum entropy) were developed for <i>I. pacificus</i> to predict its current and mid-century geographic distributions. Passive surveillance data both from BC and WA were also visualized. <b><i>Results:</i></b> According to the constructed models, the number of frost-free days during the winter is the most relevant predictor of its habitat suitability, followed by summer climate moisture, ecoregion, and mean minimum fall temperature. The ensemble geographic distribution map predicts that the coastal regions and inland valleys of British Columbia and the Puget Lowlands of Washington State provide the most suitable habitats for <i>I. pacificus</i>. The density map of ticks submitted from passive surveillance data was overlaid on the current distribution map and demonstrates the correlation between numbers of submissions and habitat suitability. Mid-century projections, based on current climate change predictions, indicate a range expansion, especially of low and moderate suitability, from current distribution. Regarding Lyme disease risk, <i>I. pacificus</i> identified from both active and passive surveillance and tested positive for <i>B. burgdorferi</i> were found to be in areas of moderate to very high suitability for <i>I. pacificus</i>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> According to developed models, the total suitable habitat area for <i>I. pacificus</i> will expand in the interior regions of British Columbia and Washington State. However, the risk remains small given relatively low infection rates among <i>I. pacificus</i>. Further studies are required to better understand how this might change in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of <i>Rickettsia heilongjiangensis</i> (Strain AH-19) from <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> on a Wild Hedgehog in Anhui Province, China.","authors":"Boyu Liu, Hao Liu, Cuiping Ren, Danyou Hu, Yang Chen, Haotian Sun, Zhen Chen, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Spotted fever group rickettsioses, caused by rickettsiae of the spotted fever group, pose a significant zoonotic threat to public health. In endemic areas of Anhui Province, China, the ecology and transmission dynamics of these pathogens remain under investigation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We isolated a rickettsial strain from <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> ticks collected from a wild hedgehog in the Dabie Mountain area. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis were employed to confirm the strain. Pathological examinations of the hedgehog's tissues were conducted to assess the potential impact of the infection. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The isolated strain was identified as <i>R. heilongjiangensis</i> strain AH-19. Pathological examination revealed significant tissue alterations, including cellular vacuolization, necrosis, and disarray of tissue architecture. It remains uncertain whether these changes were directly attributable to the rickettsial infection or other factors. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The identification of <i>R. heilongjiangensis</i> strain AH-19 in <i>H. longicornis</i> suggests that hedgehogs may serve as reservoir hosts in the Dabie Mountain area.Further research is needed to clarify their role in the ecology and epidemiology of this pathogen, which could inform future public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Limited Laboratory Infection of <i>Culex Tarsalis</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) by Usutu Virus.","authors":"Nathaniel M Byers, Jeremy P Ledermann, Holly R Hughes, Ann M Powers","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0054","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging flavivirus, closely related to West Nile virus (WNV), that has spread into Europe from Africa. Since Culex tarsalis Coquillett is an important vector for WNV transmission in the United States, we tested the ability of USUV to replicate in and be transmitted by these mosquitoes. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> USUV was used to infect 3-4 day-old Cx. tarsalis with 5.6 to 7.5 log₁₀ pfu/ml in goose bloodmeals. Saliva, heads, and bodies were collected on day 13 or 14 and analyzed by RT-qPCR for detection for USUV vRNA. Blotting paper punches were also collected daily to assess viral transmissibility. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The low and high dose blood meal resulted in 0% and 19.6% of the mosquitoes having established infections, respectively. All of the high dose had a dissemination of USUV RNA to the heads and none of the filter papers had detectable USUV RNA, but five of the capillary saliva collections were positive, representing 45.5% of the infected mosquitoes. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Limited infection of Cx. tarsalis was observed when exposed to bloodmeals with greater than 107 pfu/mL of USUV, indicating this vector is not likely to have a key role in transmission of the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.33451.revack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2024.33451.revack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":"78-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and <i>In Vivo</i> Antimalarial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of <i>Spilanthes filicaulis</i> on Mice Subjected to <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>.","authors":"Bankole Emmanuel Ofeniforo, Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro, Charles Ebere Dike, Eleojo Samuel Agada, Kemi Feyisayo Akinwunmi","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> Malaria airs a life-threatening risk in Tropical African countries, stemming from infection by <i>Plasmodium</i> species. This region is richly endowed by nature with a wealth of diverse and largely unexplored plants that hold the potential for managing this protozoan parasite. The currently accessible over-the-counter drugs for disease management often present affordability challenges for the average person, exacerbated by the parasite's increasing resistance to them. This study investigated the phytoconstituents present in the ethyl acetate fraction of <i>Spilanthes filicaulis</i> (EFSF) and explored the antimalarial effects of EFSF on mice infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Standard methods and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify phytoconstituents. Chloroquine phosphate-sensitive <i>P. berghei</i> (NK-65) was intraperitoneally inoculated into Swiss mice. The <i>in vivo</i> antimalarial activity of EFSF was assessed at dose levels of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg, using 4-day suppressive and curative antimalarial models. Parameters evaluated in the inoculated mice included rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW), packed cell volume (PCV), level of parasitemia, and mean survival time (MST). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were the identified phytochemicals present in EFSF, and GC-MS alongside reveals the presence of 20 bioactive compounds predominantly fatty acids and alcohol esters. Significant prevention of reductions in RT, BW, and PCV was observed in the EFSF-treated groups dose dependently relative to the untreated group. In addition, EFSF-treated groups significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) suppressed parasitemia and exhibited chemosuppression of 79.46% and 77.38% in 4-day suppressive, whereas suppression of 59.74% and 58.66% in curative treatment, respectively, at 500 and 750 mg/kg thus consequently extending the MST of infected treated mice compared with the untreated group. <b><i>Interpretation and Conclusion:</i></b> Put together, the EFSF exhibited enhanced antimalarial efficacy against mice infected with <i>P. berghei</i> thus affirming that plants still maintain lead way as a potential source of novel antimalarial remedies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precognition of Known And Unknown Biothreats: A Risk-Based Approach.","authors":"Romelito L Lapitan","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0169","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2023.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data mining and artificial intelligence algorithms can estimate the probability of future occurrences with defined precision. Yet, the prediction of infectious disease outbreaks remains a complex and difficult task. This is demonstrated by the limited accuracy and sensitivity of current models in predicting the emergence of previously unknown pathogens such as Zika, Chikungunya, and SARS-CoV-2, and the resurgence of Mpox, along with their impacts on global health, trade, and security. Comprehensive analysis of infectious disease risk profiles, vulnerabilities, and mitigation capacities, along with their spatiotemporal dynamics at the international level, is essential for preventing their transnational propagation. However, annual indexes about the impact of infectious diseases provide a low level of granularity to allow stakeholders to craft better mitigation strategies. A quantitative risk assessment by analytical platforms requires billions of near real-time data points from heterogeneous sources, integrating and analyzing univariable or multivariable data with different levels of complexity and latency that, in most cases, overwhelm human cognitive capabilities. Autonomous biosurveillance can open the possibility for near real-time, risk- and evidence-based policymaking and operational decision support.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"795-801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Correction of:</i> \"Adam Baker, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, Jennifer Borski, and William E. Grant. Increasing Incidence of Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2012 Through 2016. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Nov 2020. 855-859.\" doi: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2598.","authors":"Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, Adam Baker, Michael Mogg, Zakary Derouen, Jennifer Borski, William E Grant","doi":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/vbz.2024.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"848-849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}