Vector borne and zoonotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"Global Patterns and Predictors of Zoonotic Disease Burden Based on a Multi-Indicator Analysis from Global Burden of Disease 2021.","authors":"Haoning Wang, Yuhan Wang, Yufei Li, Xi Chen, Xiaodi Wang, Shaopeng Yu, Xiaolong Wang","doi":"10.1177/15303667261419557","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261419557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zoonotic diseases represent a major concern for global public health with marked variation in their burden observed across different regions and population groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the global distribution and determinants of zoonotic diseases using datasets from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study and the WHO Global Health Observatory databases. We evaluated the roles of sex, age, and the sociodemographic index (SDI) on zoonotic disease burden by examining incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and mortality data across 201 nations. The statistical approach incorporated Spearman correlation, multivariate regression models, and stratified time-series forecasting to 2040.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a higher disease burden in Africa, South Asia, and parts of Southeast Asia, particularly among older males in low-SDI regions. A strong inverse association was observed between SDI and zoonotic disease burden, with improved health coverage and physician density linked to lower morbidity and mortality. Predictive models indicated a gradual global decline in disease burden, although progress varied significantly by region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results underscore the urgency of implementing equity-oriented interventions and inform strategic resource allocation that gives precedence to prioritizing vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosquito Species Composition at a Zoological Park in South Carolina, USA, August-December 2023.","authors":"Katherine Brown, Emily Owens Pickle, Sean Sweeny, Lídia Gual-Gonzalez, Kyndall Dye-Braumuller, Martha Weber, Melissa S Nolan","doi":"10.1177/15303667261424694","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261424694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zoological parks offer unique opportunities to monitor arthropod vectors and assess risks to native and exotic animal populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From August to December 2023, a prospective surveillance initiative was conducted at Riverbanks Zoo & Gardens, South Carolina's largest zoological park. Adult mosquitoes were collected near animal enclosures using CO₂-baited CDC miniature light traps. Pools of <i>Culex</i> spp. were screened for West Nile virus with rapid analyte measurement platform assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 597 mosquitoes representing 17 species were collected. All <i>Culex</i> pools tested negative for West Nile virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite routine mosquito abatement, a diverse assemblage of species was documented. Continued surveillance in zoological settings can clarify vector-borne disease dynamics and emerging threats to both humans and animals. Future studies should assess insecticide resistance and expand arboviral testing to strengthen prevention and mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Camels at Livestock Markets in Border Regions, Nigeria, 2023-2024.","authors":"David O Ehizibolo, Olumuyiwa Oyekan, Nicodemus Mkpuma, Habibu Haliru, Dorcas A Gado, Isa Z Turaki, Ibrahim Garba, Elizabeth E Williams, Agom Danmarwa, Monica Onoja, Abdullahi Ardo, Bala Akawu, Abdullahi Mohammed, Musa A Muhammad, Mansur Abubakar, Aminu Shittu, Mohammed U Sajo, Maryam Muhammad, Corrie Brown, Bonto Faburay","doi":"10.1177/15303667261420069","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261420069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a highly fatal, tick-borne zoonosis in humans for which no licensed vaccines exist. Camels are important hosts of Hyalomma ticks, yet data on their role in CCHF epidemiology in Nigeria are limited. This study assessed seroprevalence and risk factors of the CCHF virus (CCHFV) in camels from major livestock markets in northern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From June 2023 to July 2024, 812 camels were sampled during 54 weekly visits to Maiduguri (Borno), Maigatari (Jigawa), and Illela (Sokoto) livestock markets. Epidemiological data (sex, age, origin, and tick infestation) were recorded for each sampled camel. Serum samples were tested using ID Screen CCHF double antigen Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied to identify predictors of seropositivity (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCHFV antibodies were detected in 89.4% of camels (95% CI: 87.1-91.4%). Prevalence was highest in Maiduguri (94.2%), followed by Maigatari (92.0%) and Illela (80.4%). Females (94.1%) had higher seropositivity than males (84.9%), and adults (>48 months) exceeded younger camels (94.3% vs. 81.7%). Tick infestation was strongly associated with seropositivity. Multivariable analysis showed younger age (OR = 0.35, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.19-0.66), male sex (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18-0.60), and absence of ticks (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26-0.81) were significantly linked to reduced odds of seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The very high seroprevalence observed in camels suggests that they may contribute to the epidemiology of CCHF in northern Nigeria. Although cultural practices such as consumption of raw camel milk and urine are common, their role in CCHFV transmission remains uncertain; therefore, further studies are recommended to investigate their potential epidemiological significance. Strengthening One Health-based surveillance, vector control, and public education is critical to reducing zoonotic transmission and protecting human and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"290-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Human Kinases of Chikungunya Viral Proteins.","authors":"Akash Anil, Vineetha Shaji, Ayisha Abdul Jabbar, Prathik Basthikoppa Shivamurthy, Yashwanth Subbanayya, Rajesh Raju, Abhithaj Jayanandan, Sowmya Soman","doi":"10.1177/15303667261420004","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261420004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks have affected the global population and demand effective antiviral strategies. Exploring the molecular mechanisms associated with its pathogenesis through modulation of host response is essential for the development of efficient antiviral interventions. Although CHIKV-encoded kinases are not perceived, the phosphorylation of CHIKV proteins in hosts is reported. Hence, elucidating the signaling cross-talks between host kinases and viral proteins provides opportunities for targeted therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Toward this, we predicted the phosphosites in CHIKV proteins and their potential host kinases using multiple prediction tools, followed by a human kinase substrate phosphomotif pattern analysis to identify putative kinase interactions. The phosphoproteome of CHIKV and CHIKV-infected host cells and further the host-viral interactome were analyzed in conjunction with kinase inhibition assays to identify host kinases associated with their infection. Subsequently, <i>in silico</i> protein-protein docking was performed between the selected kinases and viral proteins to identify potential interactions.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong><i>In silico</i> analysis revealed Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), Protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA), and Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (EEF2K) as major host kinases of specific phosphosites in CHIKV proteins. Putative kinases were also predicted for the reported phosphorylation sites in the CHIKV phosphoproteome. This study reveals that host kinases may phosphorylate substrates critical to CHIKV persistence and pathogenesis and emphasizes the potential of targeting host kinases as an adjunct to antiviral strategies. Our approach demonstrates the utility of kinase substrate specificity modeling to identify host kinases that can interact with viral proteins for their selection as drug-repurposable targets, particularly for variants and viruses without efficient/approved vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"277-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of <i>Leishmania</i> spp., Assessment in Sand Flies and Rodents, and Intervention Measures Using Drones During an Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Israel.","authors":"Gabriela Kleinerman, Lavie Chaim, Shirly Elbaz, Laor Orshan, Sagi Gavriel, Yoav Motro, Yaarit Nachum-Biala, Oscar D Kirstein, Sivan Melloul, Sagi Gilboa, Noy Moscovici, Yacov Sachter, Migal Tighe, Dan Grinstein, Yuval L Michaeli, Roi G Kaufman, Shani E Mergy, Nufar Dagan, Gad Baneth","doi":"10.1177/15303667261419572","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261419572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Leishmania major</i> and <i>Leishmania infantum</i> infection were evaluated in sand flies and rodents during a cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) outbreak in two military camps in southern Israel (2022-2023). The efficacy of a novel intervention combining drone-based pesticide application and rodent bait stations was assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sand flies and rodents were sampled and tested for <i>Leishmania</i> by PCR and DNA sequencing. In April 2023, precision spreading of pesticides via drones and bait stations targeting <i>Meriones tristrami</i> and <i>Mus musculus domesticus</i> was done in camp 2, while camp 1 served as control. <i>Leishmania</i> infection rates in vectors and reservoirs were compared before and after intervention, alongside CL incidence in soldiers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,204 female <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> were analyzed. The minimal infection rate of <i>L. major</i> in camp 2 declined from 1.23 in 2022 to 0.03 post-iinterventionin 2023 (<i>p</i> = 0.034). In camp 1, no significant change occurred (0.50 in 2022 vs. 0.22 in 2023, <i>p</i> = 0.622). Among 63 rodents, 8 (12.7%) were infected: five with <i>L. infantum</i> (2/11 <i>M. musculus domesticus</i> [18.2%] and 3/52 <i>M. tristrami</i> [6%]) and three <i>M. tristrami</i> (6%) with <i>L. major</i>. Overall rodent infection declined significantly from 24.1% in 2022 to 2.9% in 2023 (<i>p</i> = 0.032), with camp 2 showing the most pronounced reduction (31.6% vs. 3.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Human CL incidence also dropped significantly: in camp 1, from 17.1 to 2.6/1000, and in camp 2, from 33.3 to 4.9/1000 (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant reductions in <i>Leishmania</i> infection were observed in vectors, reservoirs, and humans following the intervention. Although CL dynamics are influenced by multiple factors, these findings support the potential of drone-based and host-targeted approaches for integrated leishmaniasis control. Further studies are required to validate and optimize such technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"261-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Genomic Data on Five <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> Strains Isolated in Vellore, India.","authors":"Janaki Kumaraswamy, Agilandeeswari Kirubanathan, Karthik Gunasekaran, K P P Abhilash, John Antony Jude Prakash","doi":"10.1177/15303667261442502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15303667261442502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i>, the causative agent of scrub typhus, can be isolated in Vero or L929 cells and has a small genome (2-2.5 Mb). However, genome assembly is challenging due to the presence of host DNA contamination and a high proportion of repeat regions (up to 51%). Current global data includes 11 fully annotated genomes, with none from India. Here, we present the first whole-genome sequences of <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> strains circulating within India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> strains were cultured in Vero cells and confirmed by 47 kDa real-time PCR. Genomic DNA was extracted after removal of host DNA and sequencing libraries were prepared. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the PacBio Sequel II system in CCS/HiFi mode. The raw reads were assembled using Flye, and genome completeness was assessed with QUAST and BUSCO. Annotation was performed using the NCBI PGAP pipeline and comparative genome analysis by Roary. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using both the complete 56-kDa gene and whole-genome sequences to assess genetic relationships among <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report five complete (circular) genomes of <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i>. Genome sizes range from 2.1 to 2.4 Mb. The total number of predicted genes falls between 2,379 and 2,715, with an average of 1,824 coding genes and 613 pseudogenes. Repeat regions ranged from 55% to 59%, corresponding to total lengths of approximately 1.2-1.44 Mb. All five genomes have been submitted to NCBI GenBank (Accession Numbers: CP166954-58). Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length 56 kDa gene revealed that two strains belong to the Karp genogroup, two to Kato, and one to TA763.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first whole-genome sequencing data of <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> from India. Comprehensive phylogenomic studies, particularly to elucidate evolutionary dynamics and potential recombination events, will provide further information.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"15303667261442502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Inflammatory Cytokine Responses in DENV-1 Monoinfection Versus Coinfection with DENV-4.","authors":"Monalisa Mohanty, Archana Tripathy, Prabhudutta Mamidi, Sailendra Panda, Amrita Ray, Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi, Anupam Dey, Gaurav Chhabra, Diksha Mohapatra, Madhab Charan Mandal, Debashis Santra, Bhagirathi Dwibedi, Kavita Gupta, Sunil K Raghav, Soma Chattopadhyay, Baijayantimala Mishra","doi":"10.1177/15303667251413443","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667251413443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dengue is a systemic vector-borne viral disease caused by infection of any one (monoinfection) or more than one serotype (coinfection) of the Dengue virus (DENV). Till date, there have been few studies, which have focused on assessing the cytokine and hematological parameters during DENV mono and coinfection giving emphasis to specific serotype combinations. This is important because all four DENV serotypes do not induce the same disease severity. Taking this into account, the current study was conducted to analyze the hematological parameters, inflammatory cytokine responses, and symptomatic variations in dengue patients of similar age who were admitted and were infected with either DENV-1 serotype or coinfected with DENV-1 and DENV-4 serotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, samples of dengue-suspected patients were subjected to serological tests. Serologically positive or acute samples of suspected dengue were further subjected to RT-PCR serotyping, hematological, and cytokine profiling studies. The sample size for cytokine hematological and cytokine profiling studies has been estimated using G* Power 3.1.9.7 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1068 samples tested for dengue, 194 serologically positive or acute samples were further serotyped, of these, 87 samples (44.84%) tested positive in RT-PCR; 78.2% (68/87) had monoinfection, and 19 (21.8%) had coinfections. White blood cells, platelets, and neutrophil counts were significantly elevated in patients with monoinfections, and lymphocyte count was high in coinfection. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 were high in monoinfections, and IL-10 and interferon γ were higher in coinfections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings of the present study indicate that there was a better antiviral immune response during coinfections in comparison to monoinfection cases. However, further research with a larger number of coinfections is needed to make a reliable comparison between each combination of mixed serotypes, which will help understand the disease kinetics in DENV coinfections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"26 4","pages":"211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<b>Illumina-Based Metagenomic Insights into the Gut Microbiome of <i>Amblyomma helvolum</i> (Koch, 1844) Parasitizing <i>Xenochrophis trianguligerus</i> from Great Nicobar Island, India</b>.","authors":"Mukesh Thakur, Stanzin Dolker, Lenrik Konchok Wangmo, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Shelley Acharya, Pratyush Mohapatra","doi":"10.1177/15303667261423035","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261423035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During a faunal survey in Great Nicobar Island, we collected four <i>Amblyomma helvolum</i> ticks infesting the snake <i>Xenochrophis trianguligerus</i> and processed for gut-metagenomic analysis using Illumina paired-end sequencing. A total of 8.7 million high-quality reads were generated, revealing that the gut microbiome was dominated by <i>Bacteria</i> (∼99.9%), primarily represented by <i>Proteobacteria</i> (∼95.7%), followed by minor fractions of <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, and <i>Bacteroidetes</i>. The predominant bacterial families were <i>Alcaligenaceae</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobiaceae</i>, <i>Boseaceae</i>, and <i>Rickettsiaceae</i>, with <i>Achromobacter xylosoxidans</i> emerging as the most abundant species (∼30% of total reads). Species-level analyses revealed a complex microbial community dominated by <i>Achromobacter</i>, <i>Brevibacillus</i>, <i>Stutzerimonas</i>, and <i>Aeromicrobium</i>. Several putative opportunistic pathogens were detected, including <i>Myroides sp.</i>, <i>Sphingobacterium sp.</i>, <i>Stutzerimonas stutzeri</i>, <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>, <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus hominis</i>, <i>Achromobacter xylosoxidans</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas otitidis</i>. This study represents the first metagenomic characterization of <i>A. helvolum</i> from India and provides baseline data on reptile-tick-associated microbial diversity from Great Nicobar Island. The findings underscore the importance of molecular surveillance in remote ecosystems and highlight the potential of reptile ticks as reservoirs of opportunistic and zoonotic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Changes in Sonographic Findings as Predictors of Disease Severity in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.","authors":"Nurdan Fidan, Gurbet Yanarateş, Derya Yapar, Özlem Akdoğan, Pınar Tunçel Öztürk","doi":"10.1177/15303667261416346","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667261416346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a life-threatening viral infection with multiorgan involvement. While laboratory markers are well-established, the prognostic value of ultrasonography (US) remains underexplored. This prospective study aimed to characterize abdominal US findings in patients with suspected CCHF and to assess their correlation with clinical parameters and disease severity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 122 patients hospitalized with suspected CCHF were included and classified as RT-PCR positive (<i>n</i> = 70) and RT-PCR negative control (<i>n</i> = 52) groups. Serial abdominal US was performed on days 1, 3, and 5 of hospitalization. Sonographic findings, clinical data, and Severity Scoring Index (SSI) values were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent sonographic findings in RT-PCR-positive patients were hepatomegaly (30%), gallbladder wall thickening (26%), periportal echogenicity (19%) and intra-abdominal free fluid (19%). Notably, gallbladder wall thickening was significantly more common in the patient group compared with controls (<i>p</i> = 0.034), while splenomegaly was significantly more frequent in the RT-PCR-negative group (<i>p</i> = 0.003). US findings showed significant regression by day 5, paralleling SSI improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abdominal US serves as a complementary, non-invasive modality in the clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with suspected CCHF. The correlation between US findings and SSI scores, together with the temporal evolution of sonographic changes, highlights its potential to be incorporated into future disease severity scoring systems as a non-invasive prognostic indicator. Routine use of abdominal US, particularly in endemic regions, may provide meaningful support in the early detection of complications, dynamic assessment of disease severity, and objective monitoring of treatment response, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":"26 4","pages":"226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mainland China During 2013-2023: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xin Lin, Jing Liang, Liqiong Teng, Zhenjie Kuang, Wu Hanlei, Liuan Li","doi":"10.1177/15303667251411049","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15303667251411049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), also known as kala-azar, is a significant vector-borne and largely zoonotic disease caused by <i>Leishmania</i> spp. The disease is naturally transmitted by sandflies as vectors and affects dogs and wild dogs in many countries worldwide. A literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the prevalence of CVL in Mainland China from 2013 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 publications on CVL investigation in Mainland China were screened from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Medline database via PubMed interface, and ScienceDirect. The study utilized a random-effect model to determine the pooled prevalence of CVL. The analyzed data were selected, and the estimated prevalence of CVL in Mainland China was 21.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.0-29.6). The prevalence of CVL in Northwestern China (39.4%, 95% CI: 33.9-45.0) was significantly higher than in other regions. The main cases of CVL are located mainly in Northwest and Southwest China. In nonendemic areas, the infection occurred in samples collected, but the prevalence was lower, only 3.5% (95% CI: 1.7-5.7). Conversely, it was much higher in endemic areas (33.0%, 95% CI: 23.66-443.1). Additionally, we presented potential factors, such as detection methods, age, and sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data showed that CVL infection still exists in some parts of China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23683,"journal":{"name":"Vector borne and zoonotic diseases","volume":" ","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147435952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}