Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Selective microRNA expression of exosomes from retinal pigment epithelial cells by oxidative stress","authors":"Zhengyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qinyuan Gu ,&nbsp;Lu Chen ,&nbsp;Dongqing Yuan ,&nbsp;Xunyi Gu ,&nbsp;Huiming Qian ,&nbsp;Ping Xie ,&nbsp;Qinghuai Liu ,&nbsp;Zizhong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The function of exosomal miRNAs (miRs) in retinal degeneration is largely unclear. We were aimed to investigate the functions of exosomes as well as their miRs derived from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells following exposure to oxidative stress (OS). After the OS by lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on RPE cells, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) were upregulated, along with the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulated oxidative damage marker 8-OH-dG in RPE cells. RPE-derived exosomes were then isolated, identified, injected into the subretinal space in mice. After subretinal injection, RPE-exosomes after OS not only induced higher ROS level and apoptotic retinal cells, but also elevated IL-1β, IL-6 alongside TNF-α expressions among retina/RPE/choroidal complex. Next, miRs inside the exosomes were sequenced by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. NGS revealed that certain miRs were abundant in exosomes, while others were selectively kept by RPE cells. Further, downregulated miRs, like miR-125b-5p, miR-125a-5p, alongside miR-128-3p, and upregulated miR, such as miR-7-5p were validated byRT-qPCR. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to find the possible target genes of those selective exosomal miRs. Our results proved that the RPE-derived exosomes after OS selectively express certain miRs, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140535011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of multiple opsins in ocular and non-ocular tissues of deep-sea shrimps and the first evidence of co-localization in a rhabdomeric R8 cell (Caridea: Oplophoroidea)","authors":"Tom Iwanicki ,&nbsp;Mireille Steck ,&nbsp;Heather Bracken-Grissom ,&nbsp;Megan L. Porter","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioluminescence is a prevalent phenomenon throughout the marine realm and is often the dominant source of light in mesophotic and aphotic depth horizons. Shrimp belonging to the superfamily Oplophoroidea are mesopelagic, perform diel vertical migration, and secrete a bright burst of bioluminescent mucous when threatened. Species in the family Oplophoridae also possess cuticular light-emitting photophores presumably for camouflage via counter-illumination. Many species within the superfamily express a single visual pigment in the retina, consistent with most other large-bodied mesopelagic crustaceans studied to date. Photophore-bearing species have an expanded visual opsin repertoire and dual-sensitivity visual systems, as evidenced by transcriptomes and electroretinograms. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to describe opsin protein localization in the retinas of four species of Oplophoroidea and non-ocular tissues of <em>Janicella spinicauda.</em> Our results show that <em>Acanthephyra purpurea</em> (Acanthephyridae) retinas possess LWS-only photoreceptors, consistent with the singular peak sensitivity previously reported. Oplophoridae retinas contain two opsin clades (LWS and MWS) consistent with dual-sensitivity. <em>Oplophorus gracilirostris</em> and <em>Systellaspis debilis</em> have LWS in the proximal rhabdom (R1-7 cells) and MWS2 localized in the distal rhabdom (R8 cell). Surprisingly, <em>Janicella spinicauda</em> has LWS in the proximal rhabdom (R1-7) and co-localized MWS1 and MWS2 opsin paralogs in the distal rhabdom, providing the first evidence of co-localization of opsins in a crustacean rhabdomeric R8 cell. Furthermore, opsins were found in multiple non-ocular tissues of <em>J. spinicauda</em>, including nerve, tendon, and photophore. These combined data demonstrate evolutionary novelty and opsin duplication within Oplophoridae, with implications for visual ecology, evolution in mesophotic environments, and a mechanistic understanding of adaptive counter-illumination using photophore bioluminescence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000476/pdfft?md5=43adf96f314e6527bd2750376394c6f0&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glossiness perception and its pupillary response","authors":"Hideki Tamura,&nbsp;Shigeki Nakauchi,&nbsp;Tetsuto Minami","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies have revealed that pupillary response changes depend on perceptual factors such as subjective brightness caused by optical illusions and luminance. However, the manner in which the perceptual factor that is derived from the glossiness perception of object surfaces affects the pupillary response remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between the glossiness perception and pupillary response through a glossiness rating experiment that included recording the pupil diameter. We prepared general object images (original) and randomized images (shuffled) that comprised the same images with randomized small square regions as stimuli. The image features were controlled by matching the luminance histogram. The observers were asked to rate the perceived glossiness of the stimuli presented for 3,000 ms and the changes in their pupil diameters were recorded. Images with higher glossiness ratings constricted the pupil size more than those with lower glossiness ratings at the peak constriction of the pupillary responses during the stimulus duration. The linear mixed-effects model demonstrated that the glossiness rating, image category (original/shuffled), variance of the luminance histogram, and stimulus area were most effective in predicting the pupillary responses. These results suggest that the illusory brightness obtained by the image regions of high-glossiness objects, such as specular highlights, induce pupil constriction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000373/pdfft?md5=490cc345c0db6cdeb11157def7f36ce1&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140348193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance on a contour integration task as a function of contour shape in schizophrenia and controls","authors":"Samyukta Jayakumar ,&nbsp;Anthony O. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Pamela D. Butler ,&nbsp;Steven M. Silverstein ,&nbsp;Judy L. Thompson ,&nbsp;Aaron R. Seitz","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contour Integration (CI) is the ability to integrate elemental features into objects and is a basic visual process essential for object perception and recognition, and for functioning in visual environments. It is now well documented that people with schizophrenia (SZ), in addition to having cognitive impairments, also have several visual perceptual deficits, including in CI. Here, we retrospectively characterize the performance of both SZ and neurotypical individuals (NT) on a series of contour shapes, made up of Gabor elements, that varied in terms of closure and curvature. Participants in both groups performed a CI training task that included 7 different families of shapes (Lines, Ellipse, Blobs, Squiggles, Spiral, Circle and Letters) for up to 40 sessions. Two parameters were manipulated in the training task: Orientation Jitter (OJ, i.e., orientation deviations of individual Gabor elements from ideal for each shape) and Inducer Number (IN, i.e., number of Gabor elements defining the shape). Results show that both OJ and IN thresholds significantly differed between the groups, with higher (OJ) and lower (IN) thresholds observed in the controls. Furthermore, we found significant effects as a function of the contour shapes, with differences between groups emerging with contours that were considered more complex, e.g., due to having a higher degree of curvature (Blobs, Spiral, Letters). These data can inform future work that aims to characterize visual integration impairments in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000385/pdfft?md5=4a495f98beed8e5a7bcfcb8075d65211&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000385-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new mouse-fixation device for IOP measurement in awake mice","authors":"Jiaxin Guo ,&nbsp;Jialiang Yang ,&nbsp;Haotian Huang ,&nbsp;Kai Wu ,&nbsp;Xiawei Wu ,&nbsp;Haolin Wang ,&nbsp;Yu He ,&nbsp;Fanfeng Bi ,&nbsp;Chenyazhuo Hu ,&nbsp;Bo Gong ,&nbsp;Houbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glaucoma is an irreversible blinding eye disease. The mechanisms underlying glaucoma are complex. Up to now, no successful remedy has been found to completely cure the condition. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is an established risk factor for glaucoma and the only known modifiable factor for glaucoma treatment. Mice have been widely used to study glaucoma pathogenesis. IOP measurement is an important tool for monitoring the potential development of glaucomatous phenotypes in glaucoma mouse models. Currently, there are two methods of IOP measurement in mice: invasive and non-invasive. As the invasive method can cause corneal damage and inflammation, and most of the noninvasive method involves the use of anesthetics. In the course of our research, we designed a mouse fixation device to facilitate non-invasive measurements of mouse IOPs. Using this device, mouse IOPs can be accurately measured in awake mice. This device will help researchers to accurately assess mouse IOP without the use of anesthetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustaining attention in visuomotor timing is associated with location-based binding","authors":"Yingyu Huang ,&nbsp;Liying Zhan ,&nbsp;Shengqi Zhong ,&nbsp;Mi Sun ,&nbsp;Chaolun Wang ,&nbsp;Chengbin Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maintaining focus of attention over prolonged periods can be challenging, especially when the target stimulus is absent from the temporal sequence. Prior research has shown that a temporal attentional cue filling in the temporal blank can improve sustained attention: in a sustained visual attention task requiring synchronizing finger tapping with a temporally regular sequence composed of brief flash disks interleaved with blank periods, task performance was improved when a continuous fixation point that served as a temporal attentional cue was presented superimposed on the disk stimulus. To test the hypothesis that binding the temporal attentional cue with the target temporal sequence by spatial overlapping is crucial for enhancing sustained attention, the present study conducted a series of three experiments that deconstructed the bound connection between the cue and the sequence stimulus. In Experiment 1, the cue was placed above or below a flash disk. In Experiment 2, the cue was between two vertically arranged flash disks. In Experiment 3, the cue was in a flash ring. No significant effect of sustained attention improvement was found in any of the three experiments. Experiment 4 further replicated these null results and the previously observed effect of sustained attention improvement when the temporal cue was superimposed on the sequence stimulus. Our finding demonstrates that binding by spatial overlapping during the temporal blank when the sequence stimulus is absent is critical for enhancing sustained attention, which should be beneficial for improving performance across a broader range of tasks that require prolonged maintenance of attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pattern coherence in interocular grouping during binocular rivalry: Insights from individual differences","authors":"Yosun Yoon ,&nbsp;S.W Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interocular grouping during binocular rivalry occurs when two images presented to each eye combine into a coherent pattern. The experience of interocular grouping is thought to be influenced by both eye-of-origin, which involves excitatory lateral connections among monocular neurons, and pattern coherence, which results from top-down intervention from higher visual areas. However, it remains unclear which factor plays a more significant role in the interocularly-grouped percepts during binocular rivalry. The current study employed an individual difference approach to investigate whether grouping dynamics are mainly determined by eye-of-origin or pattern coherence. We found that participants who perceived interocularly-driven coherent percepts for a longer duration also tended to experience longer periods of monocularly-driven coherent percepts. In contrast, participants who experienced non-coherent piecemeal percepts for an extended duration in conventional rivalry also had longer duration of non-coherent percepts in the interocular coherence setting. This individual differences in experiencing interocular grouping suggest that pattern coherence exerts a stronger influence on grouping dynamics during binocular rivalry compared to eye-of-origin factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In primary visual cortex fMRI responses to chromatic and achromatic stimuli are interdependent and predict contrast detection thresholds","authors":"Rebecca Lowndes ,&nbsp;Richard Aveyard ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Welbourne ,&nbsp;Alex Wade ,&nbsp;Antony B. Morland","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chromatic and achromatic signals in primary visual cortex have historically been considered independent of each other but have since shown evidence of interdependence. Here, we investigated the combination of two components of a stimulus; an achromatic dynamically changing check background and a chromatic (L-M or S cone) target grating. We found that combinations of chromatic and achromatic signals in primary visual cortex were interdependent, with the dynamic range of responses to chromatic contrast decreasing as achromatic contrast increased. A contrast detection threshold study also revealed interdependence of background and target, with increasing chromatic contrast detection thresholds as achromatic background contrast increased. A model that incorporated a normalising effect of achromatic contrast on chromatic responses, but not vice versa, best predicted our V1 data as well as behavioural thresholds. Further along the visual hierarchy, the dynamic range of chromatic responses was maintained when compared to achromatic responses, which became increasingly compressive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000427/pdfft?md5=c30ad17f732af3a459f72baaa17accdd&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerial single target acuity of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for stationary and moving targets of varying contrast","authors":"Laura-Marie Sandow,&nbsp;Frederike D. Hanke","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Harbor seals (<em>Phoca vitulina</em>) need to detect single objects for example when orienting to landmarks or hunting prey. The detection of single objects, described by the single target acuity (STA), cannot be deduced from formerly determined grating acuity (GA) as different mechanisms underlie STA and GA. Thus, we assessed STA for stationary and moving single targets with varying contrast in two harbor seals in a first approach in air. In a two-alternative-forced-choice discrimination task, the seals had to indicate whether the single target was presented in a left or right stimulus field on a monitor. The STA for full-contrast stationary targets was determined as 0.27 deg of visual angle for both experimental animals. Contrary to our expectations, neither adding motion nor reducing contrast had a strong impact on STA. Additionally, we also determined GA in the two harbor seals (1.2 and 1.1 cycles/deg or 0.42 and 0.45 deg for a single stripe of the grating at threshold) to be slightly inferior to STA. Our results are in good correspondence with contrast sensitivity and allow calculating viewing distances in the context of for example visual orientation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000336/pdfft?md5=b4dfe0365d2ff7b0cdfb412ef430dbba&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000336-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140290534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical tests of the effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color vision in deuteranomaly","authors":"Lucy P. Somers ,&nbsp;Anna Franklin ,&nbsp;Jenny M. Bosten","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Manufacturers of notch filter-based aids for color vision claim that their products can enhance color perception for people with anomalous trichromacy, a form of color vision deficiency (CVD). Anecdotal reports imply that people with CVD can have radically enhanced color vision when using the filters. However, existing empirical research largely focussed on the effect of notch filters on performance on diagnostic tests for CVD has not found that they have any substantial effect. Informed by a model of anomalous trichromatic color vision, we selected stimuli predicted to reveal the effects of EnChroma filters. Using these stimuli, we tested the ability of EnChroma filters to enhance color vision for 10 deuteranomalous trichromats in three experiments: 1. asymmetric color matching between test and control filter conditions, 2. color discrimination measured using four alternative forced-choice, and 3. color appearance measured using dissimilarity ratings to reconstruct subjective color spaces using multidimensional scaling. To investigate potential effects of long-term adaptation or perceptual learning, participants completed all three experiments at two time points, on first exposure to the filters, and after a week of regular use. We found a significant effect of the filters on color matches in the direction predicted by the model at both time points, implying that the filters can enhance the anomalous trichromatic color gamut. However, we found minimal effect of the filters on color discrimination at threshold. We found a significant effect of the filters in enhancing the appearance of colors along the red-green axis at the first time point, and a trend in the same direction at the second time point. Our results provide the first quantitative experimental evidence that notch filters can enhance color perception for anomalous trichromats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000348/pdfft?md5=3174cee3f13747effe5773a2b368c73b&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140209191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}