Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Retinal response to light exposure in BEST1-mutant dogs evaluated with ultra-high resolution OCT","authors":"Vivian Wu ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Swider ,&nbsp;Alexander Sumaroka ,&nbsp;Valerie L. Dufour ,&nbsp;Joseph E. Vance ,&nbsp;Tomas S. Aleman ,&nbsp;Gustavo D. Aguirre ,&nbsp;William A. Beltran ,&nbsp;Artur V. Cideciyan","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mutations in <em>BEST1</em> cause an autosomal recessive disease in dogs where the earliest changes localize to the photoreceptor-RPE interface and show a retina-wide micro-detachment that is modulated by light exposure. The purpose of this study was to define the spatial and temporal details of the outer retina and its response to light with ultra-high resolution OCT across a range of ages and with different <em>BEST1</em> mutations. Three retinal regions were selected in each eye: near the fovea-like area, near the optic nerve, both in the tapetal area, and inferior to the optic nerve in the non-tapetal area. The OS+ slab thickness was defined between the peak near the junction of inner and outer segments (IS/OS) and the transition between basal RPE, Bruch membrane, choriocapillaris and proximal tapetum (RPE/T). In wildtype (WT) dogs, two tapetal regions showed additional hyperscattering OCT peaks within the OS+ slab likely representing cone and rod outer segment tips (COST and ROST). The inferior non-tapetal region of WT dogs had only one of these peaks, likely ROST. In dogs with <em>BEST1</em> mutations, all three locations showed a single peak, likely suggesting optical silence of COST. Light-dependent expansion of the micro-detachment by about 10 um was detectable in both tapetal and non-tapetal retina across all ages and <em>BEST1</em> mutations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are ipRGCs involved in human color vision? Hints from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics","authors":"Pablo A. Barrionuevo ,&nbsp;María L. Sandoval Salinas ,&nbsp;José M. Fanchini","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human photoreceptors consist of cones, rods, and melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). First studied in circadian regulation and pupillary control, ipRGCs project to a variety of brain centers suggesting a broader involvement beyond non-visual functions. IpRGC responses are stable, long-lasting, and with a particular codification of photoreceptor signals. In comparison with the transient and adaptive nature of cone and rod signals, ipRGCs' signaling might provide an ecological advantage to different attributes of color vision. Previous studies have indicated melanopsin's influence on visual responses yet its contribution to color perception in humans remains debated. We summarized evidence and hypotheses (from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics) about direct and indirect involvement of ipRGCs in human color vision, by first briefly assessing the current knowledge about the role of melanopsin and ipRGCs in vision and codification of spectral signals. We then approached the question about melanopsin activation eliciting a color percept, discussing studies using the silent substitution method. Finally, we explore various avenues through which ipRGCs might impact color perception indirectly, such as through involvement in peripheral color matching, post-receptoral pathways, color constancy, long-term chromatic adaptation, and chromatic induction. While there is consensus about the role of ipRGCs in brightness perception, confirming its direct contribution to human color perception requires further investigation. We proposed potential approaches for future research, emphasizing the need for empirical validation and methodological thoroughness to elucidate the exact role of ipRGCs in human color vision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000221/pdfft?md5=1b3ca71770e91fb34256e06e7285771a&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140063179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual shape discrimination in goldfish, modelled with the neural circuitry of optic tectum and torus longitudinalis","authors":"D.P.M. Northmore","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is no satisfactory neurally-based theory as to how vertebrates that lack a neocortex discriminate even simple geometric shapes. In fishes, an intact optic tectum is necessary for such discriminations, but physiological studies of it have found nothing like the hierarchically arranged feature detecting neurons of mammalian visual cortex. Here, a neural model attempts a solution by basing shape discrimination upon the responses of only those elementary detectors (e.g. of size) that are within a focus of attention, formed by a winner-take-all arrangement of retinotopically mapped units representing tectal pyramidal cells. While this relatively primitive mechanism could recognize an object irrespective of position in space, it fails to distinguish patterns that differ only in their features’ spatial relationships. The model’s solution - imitating goldfish that naturally attend to the top of shapes - is to shift attention to the edges of a shape by spatially offsetting inputs to the pyramidal neurons, effected by the torus longitudinalis and its prolific synapses on pyramidal dendrites. The model’s shape discrimination was compared to an extensive behavioral study using shapes with points and projections. In one test series fish were sensitive to the relative number of points on the tops of shapes. In another, fish were trained to discriminate points on the sides. By using different offset connections and only one elementary feature detector for small dark spots, the model successfully emulated the two sets of goldfish data, as judged by significant correlations between model response and fish discrimination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary not subordinate: Opsin localization suggests possibility for color sensitivity in salticid secondary eyes","authors":"Mireille Steck ,&nbsp;Sophia J. Hanscom ,&nbsp;Tom Iwanicki ,&nbsp;Jenny Y. Sung ,&nbsp;David Outomuro ,&nbsp;Nathan I. Morehouse ,&nbsp;Megan L. Porter","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The principal eyes of jumping spiders (Salticidae) integrate a dual-lens system, a tiered retinal matrix with multiple photoreceptor classes and muscular control of retinal movements to form high resolution images, extract color information, and dynamically evaluate visual scenes. While much work has been done to characterize these more complex principal anterior eyes, little work has investigated the three other pairs of simpler secondary eyes: the anterior lateral eye pair and two posterior (lateral and median) pairs of eyes. We investigated the opsin protein component of visual pigments in the eyes of three species of salticid using transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry. Based on characterization and localization of a set of three conserved opsins (<em>Rh1</em> - green sensitive, <em>Rh2</em> - blue sensitive, and <em>Rh3</em> - ultraviolet sensitive) we have identified potential photoreceptors for blue light detection in the eyes of two out of three species: <em>Menemerus bivittatus</em> (Chrysillini) and <em>Habrocestum africanum</em> (Hasarinii). Additionally, the photoreceptor diversity of the secondary eyes exhibits more variation than previous estimates, particularly for the small, posterior median eyes previously considered vestigial in some species. In all three species investigated the lateral eyes were dominated by green-sensitive visual pigments (RH1 opsins), while the posterior median retinas were dominated by opsins forming short-wavelength sensitive visual pigments (e.g. RH2 and/or RH3/RH4). There was also variation among secondary eye types and among species in the distribution of opsins in retinal photoreceptors, particularly for the putatively blue-sensitive visual pigment formed from RH2. Our findings suggest secondary eyes have the potential for color vision, with observed differences between species likely associated with different ecologies and visual tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000117/pdfft?md5=8809c8cbdd74f1150fd37544e8407583&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichotomy revisited: A monolithic theory of attentional control","authors":"Brian A. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The control of attention was long held to reflect the influence of two competing mechanisms of assigning priority, one goal-directed and the other stimulus-driven. Learning-dependent influences on the control of attention that could not be attributed to either of those two established mechanisms of control gave rise to the concept of selection history and a corresponding third mechanism of attentional control. The trichotomy framework that ensued has come to dominate theories of attentional control over the past decade, replacing the historical dichotomy. In this theoretical review, I readily affirm that distinctions between the influence of goals, salience, and selection history are substantive and meaningful, and that abandoning the dichotomy between goal-directed and stimulus-driven mechanisms of control was appropriate. I do, however, question whether a theoretical trichotomy is the right answer to the problem posed by selection history. If we reframe the influence of goals and selection history as different flavors of memory-dependent modulations of attentional priority and if we characterize the influence of salience as a consequence of insufficient competition from such memory-dependent sources of priority, it is possible to account for a wide range of attention-related phenomena with only one mechanism of control. The monolithic framework for the control of attention that I propose offers several concrete advantages over a trichotomy framework, which I explore here.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of complex Glass patterns through spatial summation across unique frames","authors":"Marco Roccato ,&nbsp;Gianluca Campana ,&nbsp;Michele Vicovaro ,&nbsp;Rita Donato ,&nbsp;Andrea Pavan","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When processing visual information from the surroundings, human vision depends on the constant integration of form and motion cues. Dynamic Glass patterns (GPs) may be used to study how such visual integration occurs in the human visual system. Dynamic GPs are visual stimuli composed of two or more unique frames consisting of different configurations of dot pairs, called dipoles, presented in rapid succession. Previous psychophysical studies showed that the discrimination of translational and circular dynamic GPs is influenced by both the number of unique frames and the pattern update rate. In this study, we manipulated these two variables to assess their influence on the discrimination threshold of circular, radial, and spiral GPs, partially replicating previous findings on circular GPs. Our results indicate that circular GPs are more easily perceived than radial and spiral GPs, showing lower discrimination thresholds. Furthermore, we found that discrimination thresholds vary as a function of the number of unique frames but not as a function of the pattern update rate. Specifically, coherence thresholds decreased with increasing the number of unique frames. In conclusion, our findings support the existence of spatial summation of form signals coming from the unique frames that generate complex GPs. On the other hand, they do not support temporal integration of local form-motion signals based on the pattern update rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid color categorization revealed by frequency-tagging-based EEG","authors":"Mengdan Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There has been much debate on whether color categories affect how we perceive color. Recent theories have put emphasis on the role of top-down influence on color perception that the original continuous color space in the visual cortex may be transformed into categorical encoding due to top-down modulation. To test the influence of color categories on color perception, we adopted an RSVP paradigm, where color stimuli were presented at a fast speed of 100 ms per stimulus and were forward and backward masked by the preceding and following stimuli. Moreover, no explicit color naming or categorization was required. In theory, backward masking with such a short interval in a passive viewing task should constrain top-down influence from higher-level brain areas. To measure any potentially subtle differences in brain response elicited by different color categories, we embedded a sensitive frequency-tagging-based EEG paradigm within the RSVP stimuli stream where the oddball color stimuli were encoded with a different frequency from the base color stimuli. We showed that EEG responses to cross-category oddball colors at the frequency where the oddball stimuli were presented was significantly larger than the responses to within-category oddball colors. Our study suggested that the visual cortex can automatically and implicitly encode color categories when color stimuli are presented rapidly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motion-induced blindness as a noisy excitable system","authors":"Mikhail Katkov,&nbsp;Alexander Cooperman ,&nbsp;Noya Meital-Kfir,&nbsp;Dov Sagi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Perceptual disappearance of a salient target induced by a moving texture mask (MIB: Motion-Induced Blindness) is a striking effect, currently poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether the dynamics of MIB qualify as an excitable system. Excitable systems exhibit fast switches from one state to another (e.g., visible/invisible) induced by an above-threshold perturbation and stimulus-independent dynamics, followed by a </span>refractory period. In the experiments, disappearance was induced by masks consisting of slowly rotating radial bars with a gap at the target location, leading to periodic perturbation of the visual field around the target (a bright parafoveal spot). When passed around the target location, masks frequently induced an abrupt target disappearance, pointing to locality. As expected from excitable systems, the disappearance time was not affected by additional bars crossing the target during invisibility, and there was little dependence on the mask configuration. After the target reappeared, it stayed for at least 0.5–2 s (the refractory period). Therefore, the dynamics governing MIB represent an example of an excitable system, where the transition to the invisible state is induced by the mask. The dynamics that follow were determined mostly by the internal network properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does crowding predict conjunction search? An individual differences approach","authors":"Inês S. Veríssimo ,&nbsp;Zachary Nudelman ,&nbsp;Christian N.L. Olivers","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2023.108342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Searching for objects in the visual environment is an integral part of human behavior. Most of the information used during such visual search comes from the periphery of our vision, and understanding the basic mechanisms of search therefore requires taking into account the inherent limitations of peripheral vision. Our previous work using an individual differences approach has shown that one of the major factors limiting peripheral vision (crowding) is predictive of single feature search, as reflected in response time and eye movement measures. Here we extended this work, by testing the relationship between crowding and visual search in a conjunction-search paradigm. Given that conjunction search involves more fine-grained discrimination and more serial behavior, we predicted it would be strongly affected by crowding. We tested sixty participants with regard to their sensitivity to both orientation and color-based crowding (as measured by critical spacing) and their efficiency in searching for a color/orientation conjunction (as indicated by manual response times and eye movements). While the correlations between the different crowding tasks were high, the correlations between the different crowding measures and search performance were relatively modest, and no higher than those previously observed for single-feature search. Instead, observers showed very strong color selectivity during search. The results suggest that conjunction search behavior relies more on top-down guidance (here by color) and is therefore relatively less determined by individual differences in sensory limitations as caused by crowding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001669/pdfft?md5=19e1b9fa16b19392fc165c24edbf6b85&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001669-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139399264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don’t look now! Social elements are harder to avoid during scene viewing","authors":"A.P. Martinez-Cedillo ,&nbsp;T. Foulsham","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2023.108356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regions of social importance (i.e., other people) attract attention in real world scenes, but it is unclear how automatic this bias is and how it might interact with other guidance factors. To investigate this, we recorded eye movements while participants were explicitly instructed to avoid looking at one of two objects in a scene (either a person or a non-social object). The results showed that, while participants could follow these instructions, they still made errors (especially on the first saccade). Crucially, there were about twice as many erroneous looks towards the person than there were towards the other object. This indicates that it is hard to suppress the prioritization of social information during scene viewing, with implications for how quickly and automatically this information is perceived and attended to.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001803/pdfft?md5=f5e8ba5d65ee3b9956b602b27ceec44c&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001803-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}