Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Predicted effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color perception in anomalous trichromats","authors":"Lucy P. Somers,&nbsp;Jenny M. Bosten","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>EnChroma filters are aids designed to improve color vision for anomalous trichromats. Their use is controversial because the results of lab-based assessments of their effectiveness have so far largely failed to agree with positive anecdotal reports. However, the effectiveness of EnChroma filters will vary depending on the conditions of viewing, including whether the stimuli are broadband reflective surfaces or colors presented on RGB displays, whether illumination spectra are broadband or narrowband, the transmission spectra of particular filters, and the cone spectral sensitivity functions of the observer. We created a model of anomalous trichromatic color vision to predict the effects of EnChroma filters on the color signals impaired in anomalous trichromacy. Using the model we varied illumination, filter type and observer cone sensitivity functions, and tested the effect of presenting colors as broadband reflective surfaces or on RGB displays. We also used hyperspectral images to assess the impact of the filters on anomalous trichromats’ color vision for natural scenes. Model results predicted that the filters should be broadly effective at enhancing anomalous trichromats’ equivalent to L/(L + M) chromatic contrasts under a range of viewing conditions, but are substantially more effective for deuteranomals than for protanomals. The filters are predicted to be more effective for broadband reflective surfaces presented under broadband illuminants than for surfaces presented under narrowband illuminants or for colors presented on RGB displays. Since the potential impacts of contrast adaptation and perceptual learning are not considered in the model, it needs to be empirically validated. Results of empirical tests of the effects of EnChroma filters on deuteranomalous color vision in comparison with model predictions are presented in an accompanying paper (<span>Somers et al., in prep.</span>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000257/pdfft?md5=1493775d1f3beda5d5ec28db097ee128&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological motion perception in the theoretical framework of perceptual decision-making: An event-related potential study","authors":"Osman Cagri Oguz ,&nbsp;Berfin Aydin ,&nbsp;Burcu A. Urgen","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological motion perception plays a critical role in various decisions in daily life. Failure to decide accordingly in such a perceptual task could have life-threatening consequences. Neurophysiology and computational modeling studies suggest two processes mediating perceptual decision-making. One of these signals is associated with the accumulation of sensory evidence and the other with response selection. Recent EEG studies with humans have introduced an event-related potential called Centroparietal Positive Potential (CPP) as a neural marker aligned with the sensory evidence accumulation while effectively distinguishing it from motor-related lateralized readiness potential (LRP). The present study aims to investigate the neural mechanisms of biological motion perception in the framework of perceptual decision-making, which has been overlooked before. More specifically, we examine whether CPP would track the coherence of the biological motion stimuli and could be distinguished from the LRP signal. We recorded EEG from human participants while they performed a direction discrimination task of a point-light walker stimulus embedded in various levels of noise. Our behavioral findings revealed shorter reaction times and reduced miss rates as the coherence of the stimuli increased. In addition, CPP tracked the coherence of the biological motion stimuli with a tendency to reach a common level during the response, albeit with a later onset than the previously reported results in random-dot motion paradigms. Furthermore, CPP was distinguished from the LRP signal based on its temporal profile. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying perceptual decision-making generalize to more complex and socially significant stimuli like biological motion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal response to light exposure in BEST1-mutant dogs evaluated with ultra-high resolution OCT","authors":"Vivian Wu ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Swider ,&nbsp;Alexander Sumaroka ,&nbsp;Valerie L. Dufour ,&nbsp;Joseph E. Vance ,&nbsp;Tomas S. Aleman ,&nbsp;Gustavo D. Aguirre ,&nbsp;William A. Beltran ,&nbsp;Artur V. Cideciyan","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mutations in <em>BEST1</em> cause an autosomal recessive disease in dogs where the earliest changes localize to the photoreceptor-RPE interface and show a retina-wide micro-detachment that is modulated by light exposure. The purpose of this study was to define the spatial and temporal details of the outer retina and its response to light with ultra-high resolution OCT across a range of ages and with different <em>BEST1</em> mutations. Three retinal regions were selected in each eye: near the fovea-like area, near the optic nerve, both in the tapetal area, and inferior to the optic nerve in the non-tapetal area. The OS+ slab thickness was defined between the peak near the junction of inner and outer segments (IS/OS) and the transition between basal RPE, Bruch membrane, choriocapillaris and proximal tapetum (RPE/T). In wildtype (WT) dogs, two tapetal regions showed additional hyperscattering OCT peaks within the OS+ slab likely representing cone and rod outer segment tips (COST and ROST). The inferior non-tapetal region of WT dogs had only one of these peaks, likely ROST. In dogs with <em>BEST1</em> mutations, all three locations showed a single peak, likely suggesting optical silence of COST. Light-dependent expansion of the micro-detachment by about 10 um was detectable in both tapetal and non-tapetal retina across all ages and <em>BEST1</em> mutations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are ipRGCs involved in human color vision? Hints from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics","authors":"Pablo A. Barrionuevo ,&nbsp;María L. Sandoval Salinas ,&nbsp;José M. Fanchini","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human photoreceptors consist of cones, rods, and melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). First studied in circadian regulation and pupillary control, ipRGCs project to a variety of brain centers suggesting a broader involvement beyond non-visual functions. IpRGC responses are stable, long-lasting, and with a particular codification of photoreceptor signals. In comparison with the transient and adaptive nature of cone and rod signals, ipRGCs' signaling might provide an ecological advantage to different attributes of color vision. Previous studies have indicated melanopsin's influence on visual responses yet its contribution to color perception in humans remains debated. We summarized evidence and hypotheses (from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics) about direct and indirect involvement of ipRGCs in human color vision, by first briefly assessing the current knowledge about the role of melanopsin and ipRGCs in vision and codification of spectral signals. We then approached the question about melanopsin activation eliciting a color percept, discussing studies using the silent substitution method. Finally, we explore various avenues through which ipRGCs might impact color perception indirectly, such as through involvement in peripheral color matching, post-receptoral pathways, color constancy, long-term chromatic adaptation, and chromatic induction. While there is consensus about the role of ipRGCs in brightness perception, confirming its direct contribution to human color perception requires further investigation. We proposed potential approaches for future research, emphasizing the need for empirical validation and methodological thoroughness to elucidate the exact role of ipRGCs in human color vision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000221/pdfft?md5=1b3ca71770e91fb34256e06e7285771a&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140063179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual shape discrimination in goldfish, modelled with the neural circuitry of optic tectum and torus longitudinalis","authors":"D.P.M. Northmore","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is no satisfactory neurally-based theory as to how vertebrates that lack a neocortex discriminate even simple geometric shapes. In fishes, an intact optic tectum is necessary for such discriminations, but physiological studies of it have found nothing like the hierarchically arranged feature detecting neurons of mammalian visual cortex. Here, a neural model attempts a solution by basing shape discrimination upon the responses of only those elementary detectors (e.g. of size) that are within a focus of attention, formed by a winner-take-all arrangement of retinotopically mapped units representing tectal pyramidal cells. While this relatively primitive mechanism could recognize an object irrespective of position in space, it fails to distinguish patterns that differ only in their features’ spatial relationships. The model’s solution - imitating goldfish that naturally attend to the top of shapes - is to shift attention to the edges of a shape by spatially offsetting inputs to the pyramidal neurons, effected by the torus longitudinalis and its prolific synapses on pyramidal dendrites. The model’s shape discrimination was compared to an extensive behavioral study using shapes with points and projections. In one test series fish were sensitive to the relative number of points on the tops of shapes. In another, fish were trained to discriminate points on the sides. By using different offset connections and only one elementary feature detector for small dark spots, the model successfully emulated the two sets of goldfish data, as judged by significant correlations between model response and fish discrimination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary not subordinate: Opsin localization suggests possibility for color sensitivity in salticid secondary eyes","authors":"Mireille Steck ,&nbsp;Sophia J. Hanscom ,&nbsp;Tom Iwanicki ,&nbsp;Jenny Y. Sung ,&nbsp;David Outomuro ,&nbsp;Nathan I. Morehouse ,&nbsp;Megan L. Porter","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The principal eyes of jumping spiders (Salticidae) integrate a dual-lens system, a tiered retinal matrix with multiple photoreceptor classes and muscular control of retinal movements to form high resolution images, extract color information, and dynamically evaluate visual scenes. While much work has been done to characterize these more complex principal anterior eyes, little work has investigated the three other pairs of simpler secondary eyes: the anterior lateral eye pair and two posterior (lateral and median) pairs of eyes. We investigated the opsin protein component of visual pigments in the eyes of three species of salticid using transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry. Based on characterization and localization of a set of three conserved opsins (<em>Rh1</em> - green sensitive, <em>Rh2</em> - blue sensitive, and <em>Rh3</em> - ultraviolet sensitive) we have identified potential photoreceptors for blue light detection in the eyes of two out of three species: <em>Menemerus bivittatus</em> (Chrysillini) and <em>Habrocestum africanum</em> (Hasarinii). Additionally, the photoreceptor diversity of the secondary eyes exhibits more variation than previous estimates, particularly for the small, posterior median eyes previously considered vestigial in some species. In all three species investigated the lateral eyes were dominated by green-sensitive visual pigments (RH1 opsins), while the posterior median retinas were dominated by opsins forming short-wavelength sensitive visual pigments (e.g. RH2 and/or RH3/RH4). There was also variation among secondary eye types and among species in the distribution of opsins in retinal photoreceptors, particularly for the putatively blue-sensitive visual pigment formed from RH2. Our findings suggest secondary eyes have the potential for color vision, with observed differences between species likely associated with different ecologies and visual tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698924000117/pdfft?md5=8809c8cbdd74f1150fd37544e8407583&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698924000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichotomy revisited: A monolithic theory of attentional control","authors":"Brian A. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The control of attention was long held to reflect the influence of two competing mechanisms of assigning priority, one goal-directed and the other stimulus-driven. Learning-dependent influences on the control of attention that could not be attributed to either of those two established mechanisms of control gave rise to the concept of selection history and a corresponding third mechanism of attentional control. The trichotomy framework that ensued has come to dominate theories of attentional control over the past decade, replacing the historical dichotomy. In this theoretical review, I readily affirm that distinctions between the influence of goals, salience, and selection history are substantive and meaningful, and that abandoning the dichotomy between goal-directed and stimulus-driven mechanisms of control was appropriate. I do, however, question whether a theoretical trichotomy is the right answer to the problem posed by selection history. If we reframe the influence of goals and selection history as different flavors of memory-dependent modulations of attentional priority and if we characterize the influence of salience as a consequence of insufficient competition from such memory-dependent sources of priority, it is possible to account for a wide range of attention-related phenomena with only one mechanism of control. The monolithic framework for the control of attention that I propose offers several concrete advantages over a trichotomy framework, which I explore here.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of complex Glass patterns through spatial summation across unique frames","authors":"Marco Roccato ,&nbsp;Gianluca Campana ,&nbsp;Michele Vicovaro ,&nbsp;Rita Donato ,&nbsp;Andrea Pavan","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When processing visual information from the surroundings, human vision depends on the constant integration of form and motion cues. Dynamic Glass patterns (GPs) may be used to study how such visual integration occurs in the human visual system. Dynamic GPs are visual stimuli composed of two or more unique frames consisting of different configurations of dot pairs, called dipoles, presented in rapid succession. Previous psychophysical studies showed that the discrimination of translational and circular dynamic GPs is influenced by both the number of unique frames and the pattern update rate. In this study, we manipulated these two variables to assess their influence on the discrimination threshold of circular, radial, and spiral GPs, partially replicating previous findings on circular GPs. Our results indicate that circular GPs are more easily perceived than radial and spiral GPs, showing lower discrimination thresholds. Furthermore, we found that discrimination thresholds vary as a function of the number of unique frames but not as a function of the pattern update rate. Specifically, coherence thresholds decreased with increasing the number of unique frames. In conclusion, our findings support the existence of spatial summation of form signals coming from the unique frames that generate complex GPs. On the other hand, they do not support temporal integration of local form-motion signals based on the pattern update rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid color categorization revealed by frequency-tagging-based EEG","authors":"Mengdan Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There has been much debate on whether color categories affect how we perceive color. Recent theories have put emphasis on the role of top-down influence on color perception that the original continuous color space in the visual cortex may be transformed into categorical encoding due to top-down modulation. To test the influence of color categories on color perception, we adopted an RSVP paradigm, where color stimuli were presented at a fast speed of 100 ms per stimulus and were forward and backward masked by the preceding and following stimuli. Moreover, no explicit color naming or categorization was required. In theory, backward masking with such a short interval in a passive viewing task should constrain top-down influence from higher-level brain areas. To measure any potentially subtle differences in brain response elicited by different color categories, we embedded a sensitive frequency-tagging-based EEG paradigm within the RSVP stimuli stream where the oddball color stimuli were encoded with a different frequency from the base color stimuli. We showed that EEG responses to cross-category oddball colors at the frequency where the oddball stimuli were presented was significantly larger than the responses to within-category oddball colors. Our study suggested that the visual cortex can automatically and implicitly encode color categories when color stimuli are presented rapidly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motion-induced blindness as a noisy excitable system","authors":"Mikhail Katkov,&nbsp;Alexander Cooperman ,&nbsp;Noya Meital-Kfir,&nbsp;Dov Sagi","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2024.108363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Perceptual disappearance of a salient target induced by a moving texture mask (MIB: Motion-Induced Blindness) is a striking effect, currently poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether the dynamics of MIB qualify as an excitable system. Excitable systems exhibit fast switches from one state to another (e.g., visible/invisible) induced by an above-threshold perturbation and stimulus-independent dynamics, followed by a </span>refractory period. In the experiments, disappearance was induced by masks consisting of slowly rotating radial bars with a gap at the target location, leading to periodic perturbation of the visual field around the target (a bright parafoveal spot). When passed around the target location, masks frequently induced an abrupt target disappearance, pointing to locality. As expected from excitable systems, the disappearance time was not affected by additional bars crossing the target during invisibility, and there was little dependence on the mask configuration. After the target reappeared, it stayed for at least 0.5–2 s (the refractory period). Therefore, the dynamics governing MIB represent an example of an excitable system, where the transition to the invisible state is induced by the mask. The dynamics that follow were determined mostly by the internal network properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}