Vision Research最新文献_第9页

Contribution of internal noise and calculation efficiency to face discrimination deficits in older adults 内部噪声和计算效率对老年人面部辨别能力缺陷的影响

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108348

Sarah E. Creighton , Patrick J. Bennett , Allison B. Sekuler

{"title":"Contribution of internal noise and calculation efficiency to face discrimination deficits in older adults","authors":"Sarah E. Creighton , Patrick J. Bennett , Allison B. Sekuler","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Classification images (CIs) measured in a face discrimination task differ significantly between older and younger observers. These age differences are consistent with the hypothesis that older adults sample diagnostic face information less efficiently, or have higher levels of internal noise, compared to younger adults. The current experiments assessed the relative contributions of efficiency and internal noise to age differences in face discrimination using the external noise masking and double-pass response consistency paradigms. Experiment 1 measured discrimination thresholds for faces embedded in several levels of static white noise, and the resulting threshold-vs.-noise curves were used to estimate calculation efficiency and equivalent input noise: older observers had lower efficiency and higher equivalent input noise than younger observers. Experiment 2 presented observers with two identical sequences of faces embedded in static white noise to measure the association between response accuracy and response consistency and estimate the internal:external (i/e) noise ratio for each observer. We found that i/e noise ratios did not differ significantly between groups. These results suggest that age differences in face discrimination are due to differences in calculation efficiency and additive internal noise, but not to age differences in multiplicative internal noise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foveal crowding for large and small Landolt Cs: Similarity and Attention 大小 Landolt C 的眼窝拥挤：相似性和注意力

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108346

V.M. Bondarko , V.N. Chikhman , M.V. Danilova , S.D. Solnushkin

{"title":"Foveal crowding for large and small Landolt Cs: Similarity and Attention","authors":"V.M. Bondarko , V.N. Chikhman , M.V. Danilova , S.D. Solnushkin","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We compare the recognition of foveal crowded Landolt Cs of two sizes: brief (40 ms), large, low-contrast Cs and high-contrast (1 sec) tests at the resolution limit of the visual system. In different series, the test Landolt C was surrounded by two identical distractors located symmetrically along the horizontal or by a single distractor. The distractors were Landolt Cs or rings. <em>At the resolution limit</em>, the critical spacing was similar in the two series and did not depend on the type of distractor. The result supports the hypothesis that crowding at the resolution limit occurs when both the test and the distractors fall into the same smallest receptive field responsible for the target recognition. <em>For large stimuli</em>, at almost all separations distractors of the same shape caused greater impairment than did rings, and recognition errors were non-random. The critical spacing was equal to 0.5 test diameters only in the presence of one distracting Landolt C. This result suggests that attention is involved: When one distractor is added, involuntary attention, which is directed to the centre of gravity of the stimulus, can lead to confusion of features that are present in both tests and distractors and thus to non-random errors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision in spatial working memory examined with mouse pointing 用鼠标指点检查空间工作记忆的精确度

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108343

Siobhan M. McAteer, Anthony McGregor, Daniel T. Smith

{"title":"Precision in spatial working memory examined with mouse pointing","authors":"Siobhan M. McAteer, Anthony McGregor, Daniel T. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The capacity of visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is limited. However, there is continued debate surrounding the nature of this capacity limitation. The resource model (<span>Bays et al., 2009</span>) proposes that VSWM capacity is limited by the precision with which visuospatial features can be retained. In one of the few studies of spatial working memory, <span>Schneegans and Bays (2016)</span> report that memory guided pointing responses show a monotonic decrease in precision as set size increases, consistent with resource models. Here we report two conceptual replications of this study that use mouse responses rather than pointing responses. Overall results are consistent with the resource model, as there was an exponential increase in localisation error and monotonic increases in the probability of misbinding and guessing with increases in set size. However, an unexpected result of Experiment One was that, unlike <span>Schneegans and Bays (2016)</span>, imprecision did not increase between set sizes of 2 and 8. Experiment Two replicated this effect and ruled out the possibility that the invariance of imprecision at set sizes greater than 2 was a product of oculomotor strategies during recall. We speculate that differences in imprecision are related to additional visuomotor transformations required for memory-guided mouse localisation compared to memory-guided manual pointing localisation. These data demonstrate the importance of considering the nature of the response modality when interpreting VSWM data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001670/pdfft?md5=73a5523ff4d94e5f153b798860d10f9a&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001670-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monocular and binocular mechanisms detect modulations of dot density and dot contrast 单眼和双眼机制检测点密度和点对比度的变化

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108347

Kristina Zeljic, Michael J. Morgan, Joshua A. Solomon

{"title":"Monocular and binocular mechanisms detect modulations of dot density and dot contrast","authors":"Kristina Zeljic, Michael J. Morgan, Joshua A. Solomon","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2023.108347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strong reciprocity has been demonstrated between (1) spatial modulations of dot density and modulations of dot luminance, and (2) modulations of dot density and modulations of dot contrast, in textures. The latter are much easier to detect when presented in phase with one another than when presented 180° out of phase, although out-of-phase modulations can also be detected given sufficient amplitude. This result supports the existence of two detection mechanisms: one that is excited by both density modulations and contrast modulations (quiescent when those modulations are presented 180° out of phase) and another that is relatively insensitive to either density modulations or contrast modulations (thus remaining stimulated regardless of phase angle). We investigate whether the mechanism responsible for detecting out-of-phase modulations depends on high-level computations (downstream from the confluence of monocular signals) or whether both mechanisms are situated at the monocular level of visual processing. Specifically, density-modulated and/or contrast-modulated stimuli were presented monocularly (i.e., to the same eye) or dichoptically (i.e., to opposite eyes). Out-of-phase modulations of density were much easier to detect when presented dichoptically. A dichoptic advantage was also found for out-of-phase density and contrast modulations. These dichoptic advantages imply conscious access to a mechanism at the monocular level of processing. When density modulations were presented dichoptically, 180° out of phase, detection thresholds were highest. Consequently, a mechanism with binocular input must also contribute to the detection of these modulations. We describe a minimal, image-based model for these results that contains one monocular computation and one binocular computation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001712/pdfft?md5=6c047cb46e1bf27dd66e8b51808a9552&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001712-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139033948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A CODE model bridging crowding in sparse and dense displays 连接稀疏和密集显示屏拥挤的 CODE 模型

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108345

Erik Van der Burg , John Cass , Christian N.L. Olivers

{"title":"A CODE model bridging crowding in sparse and dense displays","authors":"Erik Van der Burg , John Cass , Christian N.L. Olivers","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual crowding is arguably the strongest limitation imposed on extrafoveal vision, and is a relatively well-understood phenomenon. However, most investigations and theories are based on sparse displays consisting of a target and at most a handful of flanker objects. Recent findings suggest that the laws thought to govern crowding may not hold for densely cluttered displays, and that grouping and nearest neighbour effects may be more important. Here we present a computational model that accounts for crowding effects in both sparse and dense displays. The model is an adaptation and extension of an earlier model that has previously successfully accounted for spatial clustering, numerosity and object-based attention phenomena. Our model combines grouping by proximity and similarity with a nearest neighbour rule, and defines crowding as the extent to which target and flankers fail to segment. We show that when the model is optimized for explaining crowding phenomena in classic, sparse displays, it also does a good job in capturing novel crowding patterns in dense displays, in both existing and new data sets. The model thus ties together different principles governing crowding, specifically Bouma’s law, grouping, and nearest neighbour similarity effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001694/pdfft?md5=42f05d492b3fe1773dd3ba1ed592ec18&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001694-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weak correlations between visual abilities in healthy older adults, despite long-term performance stability 尽管长期表现稳定，但健康老年人视觉能力之间的相关性较弱

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108355

Simona Garobbio , Marina Kunchulia , Michael H. Herzog

{"title":"Weak correlations between visual abilities in healthy older adults, despite long-term performance stability","authors":"Simona Garobbio , Marina Kunchulia , Michael H. Herzog","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using batteries of visual tests, most studies have found that there are only weak correlations between the performance levels of the tests. Factor analysis has confirmed these results. This means that a participant excelling in one test may rank low in another test. Hence, there is very little evidence for a common factor in vision. In visual aging research, cross-sectional studies have repeatedly found that healthy older adults’ performance is strongly deteriorated in most visual tests compared to young adults. However, also within the healthy older population, there is no evidence for a visual common factor. To investigate whether the weak between-tests correlations are due to fluctuations in individual performance throughout time, we conducted a longitudinal study. Healthy older adults performed a battery of eight visual tests, with two re-tests after approximately four and seven years. Pearson’s, Spearman’s and intraclass correlations of most visual tests were significant across the three testing, indicating that the tests are reliable and individual differences are stable across years. Yet, we found low between-tests correlations at each visit, which is consistent with previous studies finding no evidence for a visual common factor. Our results exclude the possibility that the weak correlations between tests are due to high within-individual variance across time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001797/pdfft?md5=7d824c76c3f4ed29151b282cf909e3fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001797-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sound reduces saccadic chronostasis illusion 声音可减少眼球回转时滞幻觉

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108344

Mengdie Zhai , Hongxiao Wu , Yajie Wang , Yu Liao , Wenfeng Feng

{"title":"Sound reduces saccadic chronostasis illusion","authors":"Mengdie Zhai , Hongxiao Wu , Yajie Wang , Yu Liao , Wenfeng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The saccadic chronostasis illusion refers to the duration overestimation of the first visual stimulation after saccadic eye movement, which is also known as “stopped clock illusion.” The present study investigated whether saccadic chronostasis would be observed in the auditory modality and whether the saccade-induced time dilation in the visual modality would be reduced by a synchronously presented sound. In each trial, a unisensory visual stimulus, unisensory sound, or bimodal audio-visual stimulus with a duration of 200–800 ms (probe stimulus) was presented at the saccade target location and temporally around the offset of the saccade, followed by a unisensory visual or auditory standard stimulus for a fixed 500 ms. Participants were required to identify which of the two stimuli (probe or standard) presented in the target modality (visual or auditory) was perceived as longer. The results showed that no saccadic chronostasis was observed in the auditory modality, regardless of whether the sound was presented alone or synchronously accompanied by a visual stimulus. Interestingly, the magnitude of the saccadic chronostasis illusion was reduced by the synchronously presented sound. Moreover, the combined effect of the saccade and sound on visual time perception fits well with the standard scalar model, and the weight of the cross-modal effect was higher than that of saccadic visual time dilation. These results suggest that sound dominates vision in time processing during saccades and linearly modulates saccadic chronostasis, which follows the Scalar Expectancy Theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of topical 1 % atropine on ocular dimensions and diurnal rhythms of the human eye 局部使用 1 % 阿托品对人眼尺寸和昼夜节律的影响

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108341

Nickolai G. Nilsen , Stuart J. Gilson , Hilde R. Pedersen , Lene A. Hagen , Christine F. Wildsoet , Rigmor C. Baraas

{"title":"The effect of topical 1 % atropine on ocular dimensions and diurnal rhythms of the human eye","authors":"Nickolai G. Nilsen , Stuart J. Gilson , Hilde R. Pedersen , Lene A. Hagen , Christine F. Wildsoet , Rigmor C. Baraas","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2023.108341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of topical 1 % atropine on the diurnal rhythms of the human eye was investigated. Participants wore an activity monitor on Days 1–7. A set of measures (epochs) encompassing intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular biometry, and retinal imaging were obtained on Day 7 (baseline), followed by eight epochs on Day 8, and one on Day 9 from both eyes of healthy participants (n = 22, 19–25 years). The sleep time of participants (collected via actigraphy) was used as a reference in scheduling epochs. Topical 1 % atropine was instilled in the dominant eye on Day 8, 2 h after habitual wake time, using the fellow eye as control (paired-eye design). Sinusoids with a 24-h period were fitted to the data, and a non-linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate rhythmic statistics. There were no interocular differences in any of the measured parameters at baseline. Comparing pre- versus post-atropine in treated eyes revealed lower IOP, deeper anterior chamber (ACD), decreased crystalline lens thickness and shorter axial length (AL). The same trends were observed when comparing atropine-treated versus fellow control eyes, except for IOP and AL (no differences). Both atropine-treated and fellow control eyes showed significant diurnal variations in all ocular parameters, with atropine-treated eyes revealing larger AL and retinal thickness amplitudes, smaller vitreous chamber depth (VCD) amplitudes, and a significant phase advancement for ACD and VCD. There were no interocular differences in choroidal thickness rhythms. In conclusion, while ocular diurnal rhythms persisted after instillation of 1 % atropine, many rhythmic parameters were altered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001657/pdfft?md5=28107cf8ddcd6ea2f92075e0346e3508&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001657-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138550161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Saccadic re-referencing training with gaze-contingent FRL-'fixation': Effects of scotoma type and size adaptation 注视条件下FRL“注视”的跳眼再参照训练:暗斑类型和大小适应的影响

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108340

Natalia Melnik , Stefan Pollmann

引用次数: 0

Mapping the daily rhythmic transcriptome in the diabetic retina 绘制糖尿病视网膜中每日节律性转录组

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Vision Research Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108339

Ryan P. Silk , Hanagh R. Winter , Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya , Carmella Evans-Molina , Alan W. Stitt , Vijay K. Tiwari , David A. Simpson , Eleni Beli

{"title":"Mapping the daily rhythmic transcriptome in the diabetic retina","authors":"Ryan P. Silk , Hanagh R. Winter , Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya , Carmella Evans-Molina , Alan W. Stitt , Vijay K. Tiwari , David A. Simpson , Eleni Beli","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2023.108339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Retinal function changes dramatically from day to night, yet clinical diagnosis, treatments, and experimental sampling occur during the day. To begin to address this gap in our understanding of disease pathobiology, this study investigates whether diabetes affects the retina's daily rhythm of gene expression. Diabetic, Ins2<sup>Akita/J</sup> mice, and non-diabetic littermates were kept under a 12 h:12 h light/dark cycle until 4 months of age. mRNA sequencing was conducted in retinas collected every 4 h throughout the 24 hr light/dark cycle. Computational approaches were used to detect rhythmicity, predict acrophase, identify differential rhythmic patterns, analyze phase set enrichment, and predict upstream regulators. The retinal transcriptome exhibited a tightly regulated rhythmic expression with a clear 12-hr transcriptional axis. Day-peaking genes were enriched for DNA repair, RNA splicing, and ribosomal protein synthesis, night-peaking genes for metabolic processes and growth factor signaling. Although the 12-hr transcriptional axis is retained in the diabetic retina, it is phase advanced for some genes. Upstream regulator analysis for the phase-shifted genes identified oxygen-sensing mechanisms and HIF1alpha, but not the circadian clock, which remained in phase with the light/dark cycle. We propose a model in which, early in diabetes, the retina is subjected to an internal desynchrony with the circadian clock and its outputs are still light-entrained whereas metabolic pathways related to neuronal dysfunction and hypoxia are phase advanced. Further studies are now required to evaluate the chronic implications of such desynchronization on the development of diabetic retinopathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001633/pdfft?md5=654a326564af6aaae44da2175ff1cc44&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001633-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138466326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0