Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

{"title":"Validation of Ukrainian breast and cervical cancer screening questionnaire.","authors":"Nataliia Ponzel, Pavlo Kolesnik","doi":"10.36740/WLek/222250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/222250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate the Ukrainian Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Questionnaire (UBC-SQ) to assess women's believes, behavior, knowledge and practices toward breast cancer and cervical cancer screening.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: The validation study was conducted between June 2023 and January 2024 in Uzhhorod, Ukraine, among women aged 21-74, recruited through social centers for internally displaced persons and a family medicine clinic. Participants completed the questionnaire either online or on paper.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The UBC-SQ was adapted from the two prototypes about breast and cervical cancer screening behaviour using translation and back-translation. Content validity was confirmed by expert review (CVR ≥ 0.62, CVI ≥ 0.79). External validity was assessed through item impact scores (IIS ≥ 1.5). Reliability was evaluated using test-retest (Weighted Kappa ≥ 0.3) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: The UBC-SQ is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tool for assessing BC and CC screening believes, behavior, knowledge and practices in Ukrainian women.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 7","pages":"1581-1590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo induction of different venous thromboembolism by use of DC electrical shock on jugular vein endothelium.","authors":"Hanady M Moker, Esraa A Qoryi, Rafid Doulab","doi":"10.36740/WLek/222507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/222507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: This study aimed to establish a novel rabbit model using direct electrical stimulation to induce internal jugular vein injury and subsequent organ-specific thrombosis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male New Zealand White rabbits underwent jugular vein thrombosis induction via direct current (DC) electrical stimulation. D-Dimer assays confirmed thrombus formation. Histopathological analyses of the lungs, heart, and brain assessed thromboembolic changes. Thrombosis induction was tested at varying DC voltages and exposure durations: 6 V for 60 s, 12 V for 120 s, and 24 V for 180 s.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: In the lungs (6 V/60 s), thrombi exhibited characteristic lines of Zahn with dense platelet and fibrin deposition, alveolar wall destruction, emphysematous changes, and wedge-shaped hemorrhagic pulmonary infarctions. In the heart (12 V/120 s), thrombus formation was observed in coronary arteries, with interstitial hemorrhage and altered cardiac muscle fibers showing rounded and oval nuclei. In the brain (24 V/180 s), acute neuronal injury was evident, including shrunken eosinophilic \"red neurons,\" cerebral edema, liquefactive necrosis, small-vessel hemorrhage, and astrocyte proliferation. These findings indicate voltage- and duration-dependent induction of thromboembolism with organ-specific distribution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Direct DC electrical stimulation induces deep vein thrombosis in rabbits in a voltage- and duration-dependent manner. Lower voltage and shorter exposure primarily affect the lungs, moderate settings target the heart, and higher voltage with longer duration affect the brain. This model provides a controlled platform for studying organ-specific thromboembolism and evaluating therapeutic interventions, especially if laboratory tests related to coagulation parameters are applied, they may help in identifying the components of the formed clot. Similarly, using lower or higher electrical currents at different intervals may reveal more precise pathological changes, thus contributing to the application of more specialized pharmaceutical treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 7","pages":"1549-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of artificial intelligence errors in practical medicine and rehabilitation.","authors":"Ozar P Mintser, Pavlo P Hanynets, Oleksandr V Sarcanich","doi":"10.36740/WLek/220842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/220842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To structure the types of errors that occur when using artificial intelligence in healthcare, as well as assess their impact on the accuracy of diagnostics and therapeutic decisions. Identify ways to minimize errors and increase the effectiveness of the use of AI in practical healthcare and rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: Publications published from January 2021 until December 2025 were processed and analyzed according to the keywords of the topic of work \"Pathology\", \"research on the results of diagnostics and treatment\", \"artificial intelligence\", \"machine learning\", \"deep learning\", \"federated learning\", \"use of AI in rehabilitation\", \"structuring of AI errors\" in the databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science. Articles were selected based on the presence of: quantifiable results and usage of AI as the main or secondary evaluation method. A total 57 articles were reviewed, out of which 38 were excluded based on eligibility criteria and 2 were excluded as duplicates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Artificial intelligence is becoming an integral part of modern medical diagnostics and therapeutic solutions. Its implementation significantly increases the accuracy of diagnostic processes and allows for personalized treatment, but today there is no universal solution for the practical use of AI. A lot of errors are still recorded when using AI in diagnostic and prognostic processes, ethical issues have not been resolved, integration of all molecular information available to the patient is not always ensured, there are no uniform standards for collecting and processing medical data, a unified medical language, etc. To ensure professional machine learning, widespread implementation of an open healthcare system, balanced and unified guiding principles is necessary. The implementation of AI technologies depends on the training of doctors and the availability of technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 5","pages":"1086-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and chronic toxicity of Spinosad in common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Implications for health and environmental safety.","authors":"Ismail Ibrahim Abbas Al-Jabore, Ahmed J Mohammed Al-Azawi","doi":"10.36740/WLek/216933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/216933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: The study aims to analyzes the acute and chronic effects of the Spinosad insecticide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758). Aquatic ecosystems face increasing threats from agricultural runoff, especially pesticides.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity tests were conducted over 96 hours with six concentrations of Spinosad (2.5, 5.0, 6.25, 7.5, 8.75, and 10.0 mg/L) to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and observe behavior. For chronic exposure, carp were exposed to three sublethal concentrations (1.25, 3.75, and 5.0 mg/L) for 20 days. Key physiological indicators, including blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, liver enzyme activities (AST and ALT), and liver histology, were assessed for any histopathological changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Acute toxicity tests show an LC50 of 7.41 mg/L for Spinosad in common carp, with behavioral changes more noticeable at higher concentrations. Chronic exposure caused significant alterations in hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PCV, and Hb), increased liver enzymes (AST and ALT) with longer exposure times (P ≤ 0.001 for AST; P ≤ 0.0001 for ALT). Histological analysis revealed liver damage, including vacuolation, swelling, and necrosis, with severity rising with concentration and exposure duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: This study shows that Spinosad, labeled as a \"reduced-risk\" pesticide, causes significant short-term and long-term toxicity in common carp, affecting behavior, blood parameters, liver enzyme activity, and tissue health. These results emphasize the environmental dangers of Spinosad runoff from agricultural fields and underline the importance of careful use and monitoring to protect aquatic ecosystems. More research is needed to explore the long-term impacts on non-target aquatic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 5","pages":"1044-1060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysbiosis of the large intestine and impaired barrier function of the intestine in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.","authors":"Yelyzaveta S Sirchak, Andrea Yu Andriichuk, Lyubov Yu Pushkash, Ivan I Pushkash, Bohdana I Kostan, Ivan I Lemko","doi":"10.36740/WLek/220840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/220840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To determine the relationship between changes in serum and fecal zonulin levels depending on the severity of colonic dysbiosis in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A total of 143 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) were included in the study. An assessment of the species and quantitative composition of the colonic microbiota (CM) was performed in the examined patients. The zonulin level was determined in blood serum and feces using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) level was also determined in blood serum and feces using ELISA. Based on the results obtained, the α1-AT clearance was calculated. The level of fecal calprotectin (FC) was also assessed using the ELISA method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The data obtained indicate that the vast majority of patients had reduced thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) - in 70 (49.0% of those examined). Patients with thyroid hypofunction in AIT were assigned to group 1 of the examined patients. Euthyroidism was diagnosed in 47 (32.9%) patients, who were classified as group 2. Group 3 consisted of 26 (18.1%) patients with AIT who were diagnosed with elevated thyroid hormone levels in their blood serum. As the data show, patients with AIT and thyroid hypofunction are significantly more likely to have grade 3 colonic dysbiosis (p<0.001). It is in patients with AIT and hypothyroidism that grade 4 colonic dysbiosis is significantly more common (in 11.4% of cases - p<0.01), which is 5.0% and 7.6% more than in patients in groups 2 and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Patients with AIT have been found to have colonic dysbiosis, the severity of which depends on the functional state of the thyroid gland. At the same time, patients with hypothyroidism in AIT are mainly diagnosed with grade 3 CD (in 57.1% - p<0.001), while patients with AIT and euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism are mainly diagnosed with grade 2 CD (in 55.3% (p<0.001) and 46.2% (p<0.01) of patients, respectively). CD (in 55.3% (p<0.001) and 46.2% (p<0.01) of the examined patients, respectively). In patients with AIT, impaired intestinal barrier function was established based on the levels of biomarkers such as zonulin, α1-AT in feces and blood serum, regardless of thyroid function. However, the maximum values of zonulin and α1-AT in feces were diagnosed in patients with AIT with pancreatic hypofunction (an increase in their levels to 168.73±0.51 ng/ml (p<0.001) and to 41.07±0.37 mg/dl(p<0.01), respectively), which directly correlates with the severity of CD in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 5","pages":"1061-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It is everybody's right to be heard: Social exclusion and mental health.","authors":"Tetiana Danylova, Svіtlana Storozhuk, Ihor Hoian, Nataliia Kryvda","doi":"10.36740/WLek/220845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/220845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: This paper aims to reveal the essence of social exclusion and examine its impact on mental health.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: The authors used interpretive research paradigm, integrative anthropological approach, and hermeneutical approach. The data collection was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases. Research papers were identified according to search terms: \"social exclusion\", \"social inclusion\", \"mental health\", \"well-being\", \"discrimination\", \"prejudice\", \"social injustice\", \"racial discrimination\", \"poverty\", \"values\", \"Other\", \"belonging\", \"depression\", \"anxiety\", \"anger\", \"hopelessness\", \"intersectionality\". From the entire available literature, 65 sources were selected according to specified criteria, such as \"an intersectional approach to social exclusion\" and \"the negative consequences of social exclusion through the lens of mental health and well-being\". A limitation was that the authors used only sources available in English during study selection due to the time-saving factor, as well as human resources factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Tackling social exclusion, which has a detrimental effect on physical and mental health and undermines human dignity, requires concerted efforts at all levels of society. Today, it is especially important to develop a long-term transdisciplinary strategy, which addresses the multiple and overlapping disadvantages experienced by excluded groups. Social institutions, which guide people's behavior through norms, are key to strategies for combating social exclusion. It is necessary to consider the actual mechanisms at work in terms of social exclusion, as well as interventions at the level of groups or individuals. Addressing discriminatory behavior alone or one type of inequality can lead to certain changes, however, these changes will not be decisive for underprivileged groups, as quite often negative stereotypes and prejudices, which impede social inclusion, are expressed in subtle ways. At the same time, addressing values that underlie exclusion and discrimination may be more effective and have more far-reaching consequences. The goal and outcome of these extensive responses to the acute problem of social exclusion is to create a global inclusive society where all voices are heard, and the voice of the \"Other\" is as significant as yours.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 5","pages":"1111-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors for breast cancer progression.","authors":"Yulia Chuprovska, Volodymyr Bodiaka, Oleksandr Ivashchuk, Igor Morar","doi":"10.36740/WLek/216923","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/216923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features of breast cancer with the progression of the tumour process, after complex treatment, depending on the stage of the disease and the molecular type of the tumour, and to determine the prognostic value of each factor.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 701 outpatient records of patients with breast cancer in the long term, after complex treatment, was performed. Patients, depending on the presence of verified breast cancer progression, were divided into two groups - 472 (67.3%) patients 'without tumour progression' and 229 (32.7%) patients 'with tumour progression'. The informativeness of the studied indicators and diagnostic coefficients was determined using the Kullback method. The results were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and the PAST statistical processing software package.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Breast cancer progression occurs more often at stage III of the disease, in Lum.-B, Her/2new+, and Triple-negative tumour types. The progression of breast cancer is characterized by a relatively more extended history of the disease, a larger size of the primary tumour, and a higher percentage of comorbidities. The study of the informativeness of the studied indicators and diagnostic coefficients made it possible to form a table of prognosis of possible progression of breast cancer after complex treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: The prognostic model of breast cancer progression enables to obtain the prediction of the absence of tumour progression, uncertain prognosis, and the appearance of the latter, with the sensitivity (Se=75%) and specificity (Sp=75%) of this model.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 4","pages":"755-762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of Beta-3 adrenergic agonists in overactive bladder: A comparative analysis of monotherapy versus combination therapy strategies.","authors":"Bushra A Lafta, Jawad K Hasan, Safaa A Mohssin, Firas S Attar, Shaymaa Fadhil Abbas, Noor Abdullah","doi":"10.36740/WLek/222508","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/222508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: to compare effects and side-effect profiles between mirabegron monotherapy and 2 combination treatments including mirabegron in patients with OAB.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: Study is nonrandomized, prospective, and observational; conducted in 22 centers, 400 patients with OAB symptoms. Patients administered 50 mg monotherapy of mirabegron for 8 weeks. Responders received monotherapy (Group 0, n=109) and non-responders allocated to double therapy with mirabegron plus Solifenacin 5mg (Group 1, n=145) or mirabegron plus Flavoxate/Uripas (Group 2, n=146) for an additional eight weeks. Providing bladder volume, postvoid residual and BWT served as primary end points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Prevalence of urgency, frequency, and nocturia was high in cohort (92.8%, 88.5%, and 76.5%), but that of UUI35 was low at 9%. This indicates that patients are clearly of OAB-dry phenotype. Mixed storage-voiding symptom was most frequent among 53.8%. An unusual baseline comparison population along to chew, - 200% male and severe symptom' GROUPS 2 BWT a benefit of mirabegron+-Solifenacin); one could get; other couldn't (-36ml vs. -31ml). End-point analysis did not allow exclusion of therapeutic equipoise of REGULAR vs. DROP for final PVR (between-group difference: -1.48 mL, p = 0.065).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Beta-3 agonist as monotherapy is a potent, multimodality first-line therapy with strong influence of severe disease. Each of combinatory treatments show characteristic effect on phenotype-specific increase in bladder capacity. Mirabegron flaoxate could be considered for detrusor hypertrophy and combination of mirabegron Solifenacin would stimulate voiding facilitate. These proof of concept data justify PPTP based on objective biomarkers such as BWT and PVR to select combination therapy in what is another small step in our journey towards precision medicine for OAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 7","pages":"1572-1580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surgical versus non-surgical approach to the management of acute cholelithiasis within the elderly population: A narrative review.","authors":"Ehtesam A Chowdhury, Olivia C Jadeja, Surajit Sinha","doi":"10.36740/WLek/217729","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/217729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: This narrative review aims to critically evaluate current evidence comparing surgical and non-surgical management strategies for acute cholelithiasis in elderly patients, focusing on outcomes, risks, and decision-making factors unique to this population.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in MEDLINER, Embase™, PubMedR, and Google Scholar™ using the terms: \"acute cholecystitis,\" \"cholelithiasis,\" \"elderly,\" \"surgical management,\" \"laparoscopic cholecystectomy,\" \"non-surgical,\" and \"percutaneous cholecystostomy.\" Studies published between 2005 and 2025 were included if they evaluated outcomes such as morbidity, mortality, recurrence, and hospital stay in elderly patients. Both surgical and non-operative management strategies were compared, including antibiotic therapy and cholecystostomy. Articles were selected in accordance with PRISMA principles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the gold standard for acute gallstone disease but carries higher morbidity and mortality in elderly patients due to comorbidities and frailty. Non-operative approaches such as percutaneous cholecystostomy, or antibiotic therapy may reduce immediate surgical risk but are associated with higher recurrence and readmission rates. Optimal management requires an individualised, multidisciplinary approach considering physiological reserve, inflammatory markers, and patient preference. More prospective studies are needed to standardise risk stratification and management pathways specific to geriatric patients with acute cholelithiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 2","pages":"370-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-brain axis and its role in obesity-induced homeostatic dysregulation.","authors":"Justyna Paczwa, Caroline Wu, Jessica Mulica, Kittiyakorn Siwasan, Kelsey Fuentes, Dorota Razowska","doi":"10.36740/WLek/218289","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/218289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic homeostasis through bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review aims to summarize current evidence regarding the impact of obesity on GBA function and to discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using scientific publications indexed in databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the European Journal of Endocrinology. Studies addressing obesity-related alterations in neural signaling, gut microbiota composition, and peptide hormone regulation (e.g., cholecystokinin, peptide YY, ghrelin) were analyzed. Particular attention was given to mechanisms involving dopaminergic reward circuits and emerging therapeutic targets such as ghrelin antagonists, gamma-aminobutyric acid modulators, and melanocortin-4 receptor agonists. Evidence indicates that obesity is associated with significant alterations in gut microbiota composition, vagal signaling, and neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and reward pathways. These changes contribute to dysregulation of nutrient absorption, inflammatory responses, and metabolic homeostasis. Both invasive and non-invasive interventions - including dietary modification, microbiome-targeted therapies, pharmacological agents, and neurostimulation techniques - show potential to modulate GBA signaling and restore physiological balance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Understanding the complex relationship between obesity and the gut-brain axis may provide novel therapeutic targets for improving metabolic regulation and reducing obesity-related complications. Further clinical and translational studies are required to confirm the long-term effectiveness of GBAoriented interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 3","pages":"597-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}