Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the full-scale invasion on the mental health of the population of the country in a state of military conflict: a study of regional trends in anxiety, depression, early symptoms of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Anastasiia K Shkvarok, Yaroslava V Korost, Daria V Turchak, Giorgi Tedoradze, Kristina Tatvidze","doi":"10.36740/WLek/205350","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/205350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To evaluate subjective distress caused by the invasion and examine the relationship between regional residency and mental health indicators.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: Descriptive statistics, a cross-sectional observational analysis. Data were collected through an online questionnaire comprising demographics, anxiety and depression assessment (HADS), and trauma impact evaluation (IES-R). Statistical analysis was conducted using MedStat software, with statistical analysis incorporating descriptive statistics, tests for normality and correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The highest depression (39.36%) and anxiety (48.94%) rates were recorded in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, while the lowest were in Dnipropetrovsk (26%) and Lviv (26.83%) Oblasts. No significant correlation was found between proximity to the frontline and depression (r=0.107, p=0.615) or anxiety (r=-0.106, p=0.622). The highest trauma impact (IES-R) was observed in Kherson (37.14%), Donetsk (36.36%) and Mykolaiv (35.29%) Oblasts. No significant correlation was found between distance from the frontline and the severity of acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (r=-0.307, p=0.145).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Mental health outcomes were not significantly linked to geographical proximity to the frontline. The highest rates of depression and anxiety were found in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, while the most severe trauma impact was observed in Kherson, Donetsk, and Mykolaiv Oblasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 5","pages":"967-973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitude of medical university students towards the need for knowledge about the organization of prevention and treatment of glaucoma.","authors":"Volodymyr O Melnyk, Borys I Palamar","doi":"10.36740/WLek/209521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/209521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To investigate the need among future doctors of various specialties (medical university students) to study the fundamentals of the organization of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A custom-designed questionnaire was used as the research tool. The study materials consisted of data obtained from a survey of senior students at three medical universities in Ukraine. Bibliographic, statistical, and analytical methods were employed in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Overall, 80% of medical students believe that knowledge of the discipline \"Ophthalmology\" is necessary for future physicians of all specialties. 75% of respondents rated the scope and quality of ophthalmology knowledge received during the pre-graduation stage at 3-5 points on a 5-point scale. One-third of students rated their knowledge of the organization of ophthalmologic care and the prevention of eye diseases at 3 points. More than 80% of students highly valued the importance of future physicians of all specialties being knowledgeable about modern approaches to glaucoma prevention and the factors influencing its development. However, while there is general understanding among future physicians about the need to know the current algorithm of actions when glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation syndrome is suspected, knowledge of modern treatment approaches for glaucoma patients is not deemed necessary by all. 75% of students plan to apply their knowledge of glaucoma prevention in their future practice, but they do not intend to carry out preventive activities aimed at preventing the development of glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Overall, 70-80% of the surveyed medical students recognize the importance of ophthalmology knowledge. However, their assessment of the volume and quality of their own knowledge was not sufficiently high. Future physicians understand the importance of being informed about risk factors for glaucoma and its prevention. Evaluations of the need for in-depth knowledge of modern treatment approaches for glaucoma patients or the organization of glaucoma prevention were more reserved. Sixth-year students and medical interns feel uncertain about their theoretical and practical knowledge of ophthal-mology. Educators teaching the \"Ophthalmology\" discipline should clearly demonstrate the relevance and value of ophthalmological knowledge for various medical specialties, especially for family physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 8","pages":"1658-1663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of changes in the level of vitamins B in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.","authors":"Yelyzaveta S Sirchak, Bohdana V Bezushko, Mykhailo M Havrylec, Viktoria M Hadzheha, Habriella E Reyti, Yurii P Balazh, Oleksandr M Kochmar","doi":"10.36740/WLek/209518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/209518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To determine the peculiarities of changes in the levels of B vitamins and their dependence on body mass index (BMI) in patients with GERD and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MDAFLD).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: 112 patients with GERD were examined. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 50 patients with GERD, and group 2 consisted of 62 patients with GERD in combination with MDAFLD. The level of homocysteine and B vitamins in the blood serum was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: At patients group 1 were diagnosed the decreased levels of B6 and B12 in blood serum against a background of a slight increase in homocysteine levels in blood serum (up to 17.9±0.7 umol/l - p<0.05). In patients in group 2, a significant decrease in all B vitamins examined in the blood serum was found, accompanied by a significant increase in homocysteine levels (2.4 times - p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: In the vast majority of patients with GERD and MDAFLD, an increase in BMI was found, namely, overweight in 25.8% (p < 0.01) of patients and grade I obesity (in 37.1% of patients - p < 0.001). In patients with GERD and MDAFLD, a significant decrease in serum levels of B vitamins (B1, B3, B6, B9, B12) was found, which correlates negatively with overweight and obesity in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 8","pages":"1635-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of menopausal hormone therapy in hormone-dependent carcinogenic mechanisms in the oral cavity: A literature review.","authors":"Robert Peterek, Katarzyna Janik, Kinga Cogiel, Małgorzata Dorota Osikowicz, Paweł Madej, Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg","doi":"10.36740/WLek/209542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/209542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across the world, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing, establishing it as one of the most prevalent cancers originating in the oral cavity. Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) and Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ) expression were identified and analyzed in normal oral mucosa as well as in squamous cell carcinoma. On a molecular level, estrogens and progestogens, as steroid hormones, influence various biological processes, including reproduction and behavior, by binding to their intracellular receptors. Hypotheses suggest that oral cavity malignancies could be hormonally induced. Periodontal inflammation, mediated by TREM-1, IL-1β, and reduced salivary antibacterial function during hormonal fluctuations, is important in evaluation of etiology of oral cancers and is correlated to hormonal levels. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling activates ERα through phosphorylation, increasing its transcriptional activity and promoting cell proliferation. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) offers both hormonal and non-hormonal treatments, with concerns about overprescription and potential off-label use. In this literature review we aimed to analyze whether there is a link between MHT which consists of estrogen or both estrogen and progesterone and oral cancer risk. A review of the scientific literature covering the years 2018-2025 was carried out, whether estrogens, identified as carcinogens, may be suggested as the potential therapeutic target for OSCC in the future, similar to their well grounded role in the standard management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 8","pages":"1677-1683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of honey in dentistry - literature review.","authors":"Karol Demel, Justyna Talaska, Monika Dziedzic, Jakub Król, Zuzanna Szatkowska, Olga Odrzywolska, Wojciech Niemczyk, Anna Zawilska","doi":"10.36740/WLek/199734","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/199734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To assess the effects of honey and its derivatives on oral health.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane databases were searched using relevant keywords and Boolean operators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Honey is a promising natural alternative for the treatment of various dental diseases due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. Scientific studies show that honey has numerous health properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and anticancer effects. In the context of dentistry, honey shows potential in the treatment of various oral conditions, such as dental caries, gingivitis, halitosis, radiotherapy-induced mucositis, xerostomia or post-extraction stomatitis. Honey's safety and multifunctional benefits make it a valuable potential addition to dental treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 1","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone mineral density and pandemic.","authors":"Paweł I Kamińsk, Firoz Rizvi, Mateusz Trubalski, Mateusz Kaczmarski, Aleksandra Bełżek, Marta Żerebiec, Zuzanna Rupeć, Natalia Saj, Zeeshan Zulfiqar, Joanna Niezbecka-Zając","doi":"10.36740/WLek/202327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/202327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted physical health, including bone mineral density (BMD). This review aims to explore the effects of various pandemic-related factors such as reduced physical activity, stress, depression, dietary changes, and SARS-CoV-2 infection on BMD. Methods involved analyzing studies that investigate the impact of these factors on bone health, including observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results show that decreased physical activity, depression, and changes in diet lead to a reduction in BMD, particularly in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. SARS-CoV-2 infection and the use of corticosteroids are also associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, cytokine storms induced by the virus further exacerbate bone resorption. The review also highlights the complex interaction between obesity, sedentary behavior, and BMD, which may contribute to either increased BMD in certain areas or lead to a higher risk of fractures. The study suggests that the pandemic may have long-term effects on bone health, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies, including promoting physical activity, managing stress, and cautious use of medications like corticosteroids. Further research is needed to understand the long-term consequences and to develop therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse skeletal effects of COVID-19 and its treatments. Understanding the lasting impact on bone health requires a comprehensive approach considering the multifactorial aspects of the pandemic's effect on human physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 3","pages":"571-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoestrogens in osteoporosis.","authors":"Mateusz Kaczmarski, Mateusz Trubalski, Paweł Kamiński, Marta Żerebiec, Aleksandra Bełżek, Natalia Saj, Zuzanna Rupeć, Joanna Niezbecka-Zając, Nataliia Fedorenko, Wojciech Kłapeć","doi":"10.36740/WLek/202326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/202326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, focusing on soy isoflavones, red clover, and other plants such as Epimedium, hops, fennel, and prunes. It reviews clinical trials examining the effects of these phytoestrogens on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, and osteoporotic fracture risk. Various studies demonstrate that phytoestrogens, particularly those derived from soy and red clover, may help improve bone health, alleviate menopausal symptoms, and reduce the risk of fractures. However, results regarding their impact on BMD are inconsistent, with some trials showing positive effects and others showing no significant difference compared to placebo. The article emphasizes the need for further, more comprehensive research to assess the long-term efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of phytoestrogens, considering individual patient characteristics such as genetics, metabolism, and lifestyle factors. While phytoestrogens hold promise as a potential complement or alternative to conventional osteoporosis therapies, personalized approaches to supplementation, as well as more rigorous studies, are necessary to establish their clinical benefits and minimize risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 3","pages":"602-608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous- calcium phosphate's effect on enamel microhardness of teeth treated with nano silver in sodium fluoride solution.","authors":"Zinah Shakib Majeed, Mohammed Qays Mahmood Fahmi","doi":"10.36740/WLek/203072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/203072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To detect the effect of an experimental 0.7% nanosilver in sodium fluoride (NSSF) and compare it to that of 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) on demineralized teeth, also observes the impact of applying 10% Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on those groups and compares that to CPP-ACP's lone impact on demineralized teeth.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 60 sound, premolar teeth without hypo-mineralization or cracks. They were divided into three groups following the formation of caries-like lesions using a Feather Stone pH cycle. Group No.1 was treated with NSSF, group No.2 was treated with NaF, and deionized water was used for Group No.3. All groups had two minutes of application time and were then stored for 24 hours in artificial saliva. After that, they were treated with CPP-ACP, for seven days twice a day. Microhardness measurements were carried out four times: before any intervention, after the pH cycle, after 24 hours from the application of NSSF and NaF, and a final one after seven days from the application of CPP-ACP on the previous groups. An XRF, XRD analysis, and particle size analyzer were used to confirm the nanosilver properties of the powder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: There was a statistically significant increase in microhardness values (P<0.05) following CPP-ACP's application on teeth previously subjected to NSSF and NaF. The group that was subjected to deionized water before CPP-ACP's application revealed a statistically significant value (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: CPP-ACP enhances the microhardness and, hence, the mineralization of teeth previously treated with NSSF and NaF solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 4","pages":"885-893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological condition of the skin following a 4-week opioid exposure in an experimental study.","authors":"Ivan S Diskovskyi, Orysya O Syzon, Lesya R Mateshuk Vatseba, Marta A Kolishetska, Marianna O Dashko, Iryna Ya Vozniak, Iryna O Chaplyk-Chyzho","doi":"10.36740/WLek/201322","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/201322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: The study aimed to determine the peculiarities of the micro- and ultrastructural organization of the skin under conditions of a four-week administration of an opioid to experimental animals.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: The study material included skin samples of white rats with injected vascular beds, histological preparations, and ultrathin skin sections. The research methods involved injection techniques, histological analysis, electron microscopy, morphometric measurements, and statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The results of the study revealed that after four weeks of nalbuphine administration to experimental animals, blood stasis was observed in the lumen of the capillaries and venules, along with perivascular edema and perivascular infiltrates consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and tissue basophils. The electron density of the nuclei and cytoplasm of the granular layer keratinocytes was reduced, keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum acquired a rounded shape, with some nuclei appearing shrunken and hyperchromatic, and their cytoplasm exhibiting vacuolization. In the reticular layer, thickened bundles of collagen fibers were observed, with localized swelling and fragmentation of the collagen fibers. Excessive formation of scales was noticed in the stratum corneum. The papillary layer of the dermis contained numerous mast cells and lymphocytes near blood vessels. The shape of sebaceous and sweat gland cells was altered, with swollen cytoplasm, and lymphohistiocytic infiltration was observed around them. A decrease (p<0.05) in the density of capillary loops in the subpapillary vascular plexus of the skin in the gluteal region of white rats after four weeks of nalbuphine administration, along with an increase (p>0.5) in the trophic activity index of the skin, confirms profound destructive changes in the vascular architecture of the skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Four weeks of nalbuphine administration induces irreversible pathological processes in all skin components.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 2","pages":"347-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of maternal ABO blood group and malondialdehyde as diagnostic marker in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Deema Diyaa Azeez, Sami R AlKatib","doi":"10.36740/WLek/197188","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/197188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: The aim of research is to assess whether various blood groups can be associated with the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and if malondialdehyde can be used for the diagnosis of GDM.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A case control study started from September 2022 to June 2023 enrolled 200 pregnant women aged between 15-45 years, cases included 100 patients selectively collected with a confirmed diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, and 100 were healthy normal in Kerbala obstetrics and gynecology hospital, both patient and controls group categorized according to blood group type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus are mostly of blood group AB in comparison with pregnant women without Gestational diabetes mellitus, and both A and B were significantly higher among control pregnant women, additionally, two groups' blood group O levels were almost identical. Malondialdehyde mean was significantly higher in pregnant women with Gestational diabetes mellitus with p-values 0.001. Statistically significant differences could not be detected in the mean levels of MDA across the various blood groups (p= 0.505).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: This research reveals that mother's ABO blood group has a role in the development of GDM and the blood group AB is more likely to develop GDM, blood group A & B are less likely to develop GDM and may be regarded as a protective factor. MDA can be used for the diagnosis of GDM but further studies are required to support this finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"78 2","pages":"303-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}