Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

{"title":"Clinical, endoscopic, morphological and microbiological characteristics of diverticular disease in patients with metabolic disorders.","authors":"Hanna A Dorohavtseva, Andrey E Dorofieiev, Mykhailo S Myroshnychenko","doi":"10.36740/WLek/220666","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/220666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the clinical course and endoscopic activity features in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease (UDD) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight, and obesity and perform an analysis of the gut microbiome and morphological characteristics of the colonic mucosa in such patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: 259 patients with UDD, hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of Feofaniya Clinical Hospital of the State Administration of Affairs during the period of 2020-2024, were included in the study. Among all patients with DD included in the study, 43 had no metabolic disorders (MD) (DM, overweight, obesity), while 216 presented with varying degrees of MD. All patients underwent total colonoscopy with assessment of endoscopic activity of diverticular inflammation using the Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment (DICA) score. The clinical course of DD was evaluated according to the classification proposed by the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery in 2021. The microbiome analysis was conducted only in 172 patients who had the financial means to undergo this test. During endoscopic examination of the colon in all patients, mucosal biopsies were obtained from the diverticular orifice. Histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used. The obtained digital indicators in the groups were analyzed using statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: This study evaluated clinical, endoscopic, morphological, and microbiological characteristics of DD in patients with metabolic disorders. A recurrent course of diverticular inflammation was observed more frequently in patients with metabolic dysfunctions. Endoscopic assessment of inflammatory activity correlated with histological changes of colon mucosa and alterations in mucin expression (MUC2 and MUC4). Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in butyrate-producing flora (Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) with predominance of Bacteroidetes in metabolic disorder patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: The clinical, morphological, microbiological and endoscopic features of DD identified by the authors highlight pathophysiological links between metabolic dysfunction (DM, overweight, obesity) and DD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 4","pages":"803-810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of pro-inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with secondary bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease.","authors":"Uliana Shevchuk-Budz, Mykola Ostrovskyy","doi":"10.36740/WLek/216922","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/216922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To assess the nature and severity of changes in inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-in patients depending on the presence of secondary bronchiectasis in the setting of COPD and GERD.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: 130 patients in the remission phase of COPD GOLD-3, group E, were examined by clinical, laboratory, and instrumental methods. The levels of CRP and IL-6 were measured in the peripheral blood serum. The control group - of practically healthy individuals (PHI) 15 respondents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The frequency of exacerbations in the previous year in Group I ranged from 1.7 to 2.5 and did not differ between subgroups (p > 0.05). In Group II - from 2.0 to 3.4 and showed difference between: subgroups Ib and IIb, subgroups IIa - IIb (p < 0.05). CRP levels were higher in patients with COPD + BE, showing a 47.0% increase (p < 0.001) compared to COPD alone. There was increase 30.7% (p < 0.001) in CRP levels in patients with neutrophilic-type inflammation COPD compared to eosinophilic-type. IL-6 showed an increase, ranging from 2.5 to 7 times higher (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) compared to the PHI group. The analysis of the obtained results indicates a more pronounced increase in IL-6 levels in groups with secondary BE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: COPD remains one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Correlation analysis between CRP, IL-6 levels, and exacerbation frequency revealed strong positive correlations in groups with combined pathology and the neutrophilic type of inflammation in COPD (r = +0.96 to r = +0.86).</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 4","pages":"681-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoblastic MG63 CELLS promoted by ATP shows apoptotic LDH release under guggulsterone exposure.","authors":"Hydar Muhsin Khalfa, Al-Msaid Lateef Farhan Hayder, Murtadha M Jawad","doi":"10.36740/WLek/215497","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/215497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To identify the anticancer potential of guggulsterone on Mg63 cells. ATP was administered to promotes growth was given to MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells that have osteoblastic features.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: Different amounts of guggulsterone were added to MG 63 cells, and their shape and rate of growth were studied. The amount of LDH in cells was measured to evaluate cell toxicity. The findings show that guggulsterone caused more changes in the shape of MG63 cells after they were exposed to it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: With higher amounts of guggulsterone, cell growth slowed down significantly. The results that were seen in this study were similar to what had been seen in other studies on different cell types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Based on the results, we conclude that guggulsterone plays an important part in the changes that happen to the shape of cancer cells when they grow faster.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 4","pages":"712-719"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft tissues around the dental implants folowing mandibular segmental defect replacement: quantity and quality comparison assessment.","authors":"Dmytro O Filonenko, Bekir H Osmanov, Yelyzaveta O Hatalska, Yurii V Chepurnyi","doi":"10.36740/WLek/222564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/222564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To compare the quantity and quality of surrounding soft tissues in patients after segmental mandibular defect reconstruction (SMDR) with bone grafts, before and after placement of implant-supported dental prostheses (ISDPs).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A total of 74 patients were included and divided into main (MG) and control (CG) groups. The MG consisted of patients after SMDR. The CG comprised 49 patients with a Kennedy Class II dental arch defect following tooth extraction. The width and area of attached gingiva (AG) were assessed before and after ISDP placement using intraoral scanning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: After ISDP placement, the mean buccal width of AG at the medial implant was 0.94±0.90 mm in the MG and 2.18±0.95 mm in the CG (p<0.01). In the distal buccal region, the median values were 0 (IQR: 0-1) mm and 1.7 (IQR: 1-6) mm, respectively (p<0.001). The mean lingual width at the medial implant was 1.11±0.99 mm in the MG and 2.24±0.97 mm in the CG, whereas at the distal implant the median values were 0 (IQR: 0-0.6) mm and 2.1 (IQR: 1.5-2.75) mm, respectively (p<0.001). The median area of AG was 63.3 (IQR: 38.9-100.45) mm² in the MG and 233.9 (IQR: 186.75-295.75) mm² in the CG (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Patients after SMDR and placement of ISDP are characterized by lower quality and reduced volume of AG compared to conventionally rehabilitated patients with ISDP. To improve the long-term prognosis of treatment, soft tissue augmentation may be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 6","pages":"1300-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic, clinical, and laboratory profile of pediatric patients with familial mediterranean fever at Duhok City.","authors":"Salah Abdulkareem Ibrahim","doi":"10.36740/WLek/221158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/221158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To describe the clinical picture, laboratory findings, and MEFV mutation profile of FMF children in Duhok, Iraq, and to examine the influence of consanguinity on genotype‑phenotype relationships.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: Cross‑sectional study (Jan 2017‑Jan 2025) of 92 children ≤16 years meeting Tel‑Hashomer criteria and with molecularly confirmed MEFV mutations. Data on demographics, family history, consanguinity, symptoms, attack characteristics, acute‑phase reactants, genotype, colchicine response, and complications were collected retrospectively and prospectively. Analyses used SPSS v27 (chi‑square, t‑test, logistic regression; P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Mean age 8 y; 65% male; parental consanguinity 79%; positive family history 63%. Fever (100%) and abdominal pain 85% were universal; arthritis 46.7% and growth retardation 61% were notably high. Mean attack labs: WBC 12.9 × 10⁹/L, ESR 50 mm/h, CRP 63 mg/L. MEFV alleles: E148Q 38%, M694V (22%), V726A (15%), M680I (12%). Exon‑10 homo/compound heterozygotes (M694V/M680I) were linked to earlier onset, more frequent/longer attacks and higher ESR/CRP (OR≈3, p<0.001); simple E148Q carriers had milder disease. Colchicine was effective in 94.6% of patients; no amyloidosis was observed. Consanguinity independently predicted the presence of two pathogenic exon‑10 alleles p=0.02.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Duhok's pediatric FMF cohort shows classic fever/serositis but higher arthritis, growth failure, and an unusual predominance of the low‑penetrance E148Q mutation, likely driven by extreme consanguinity. Exon‑10 mutations confer a severe phenotype, while colchicine remains highly effective. Targeted genetic counseling and early mutation‑guided management are warranted in this high‑consanguinity population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 6","pages":"1194-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medico-pedagogical aspects of preventing negative learning experiences as a factor in preserving students' health under martial law.","authors":"Тetiana І Міyer, Svitlana P Palamar, Larysa S Holodiuk, Alina M Martin, Oleksandra V Shkurenko, Nina M Rudenko, Iryna G Sukhopara","doi":"10.36740/WLek/222593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/222593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: This article aims to analyze the medico-pedagogical aspects of negative learning experiences among university students during martial law in Ukraine, particularly in relation to personal initiative and cooperation; to explore the impact of these experiences on students' health and well-being; and to identify preventive teaching strategies aimed at reducing traumatization and supporting students' subjective well-being.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: A total of 1650 participants took part in the study. The participants were future professionals studying at the bachelor's and master's levels of higher education at Bogomolets National Medical University, Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, and Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State University. The study was conducted over a period of three and a half years under the conditions of ongoing military aggression by Russian troops on the territory of Ukraine. The analysis incorporated the results of a 3.5-year study examining interaction styles among future professionals during learning under conditions of ongoing military aggression by Russian troops on the territory of Ukraine, with particular attention paid to the significant increase in passivity during group work. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between increasing passivity in group activities during learning and increasing stress indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The findings indicate that learning may have both positive and negative effects on students' health, including sleep disturbances, eating disorders, decreased immunity, and exacerbation of chronic conditions. The negative effects of personal initiative were identified at three levels: self-perception, perception by others, and evaluation of outcomes. Negative experiences in collaborative activities were associated with rivalry, dominance, and neglect within group interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Preventing negative learning experiences in higher education, particularly in the areas of personal initiative and collaboration for sustainable development, requires teaching approaches that support students' well-being, encourage conscious and balanced participation, and minimize the risks of traumatization and retraumatization during the educational process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 6","pages":"1257-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing of dental care in Ukraine: Current status, comparative aspects with European union countries, and prospects for reform in the context of public health.","authors":"Viktor Yu Yelenskyi, Dmytro D Diachuk","doi":"10.36740/WLek/222583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/222583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To assess the state of dental care funding in Ukraine under martial law, compare aspects with the European Union (EU) countries, and identify prospects from a public health perspective.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: We analyzed government regulations and scientific sources from the past 20 years regarding the state of dental care provision in Ukraine and EU countries in terms of sector financing, access to treatment and preventive care facilities, and medical personnel. We utilized time series analysis, statistical data (the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, National Health Service of Ukraine), and international sources - the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Bibliosemantic, content-analytical, and comparative methods were applied. The search for primary sources for analysis was conducted in international scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect) and national resources (the V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Google Scholar). Bibliosemantic, content-analytical, and comparative methods were applied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: In Ukraine, a low share (20%) of public institutions was established, along with a 60% reduction during the period 2008-2023. A directly proportional decline was observed in the availability of dentists (-49%) and in the number of patient visits (-80%) over the same period. The most critical failure was in the area of prevention (-84.8%). Increased funding in 2023-2025 is redirected to narrowly targeted groups and does not cover the system as a whole.In comparison with EU countries, Ukraine lags behind on all key indicators. Public coverage of dental costs in Europe is 30-33% and combines public and voluntary insurance, with partial co-payments - the prevention-driven \"shared cost\" model. In Ukraine, the state covers less than 10-15%, and the treatment-driven \"pay-out-of-pocket\" model, financed by patients, predominates. Dental care in Ukraine is significantly lower compared to European countries, remains underfunded, narrowly targeted, and dependent on private spending by the population, as evidenced by reductions in staffing, preventive care, and accessibility. Reform of the financial model is necessary, with an emphasis on preventive care, health insurance, and expanding the role of the National Health Service of Ukraine (NHSU).</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 6","pages":"1404-1410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on dental practice and care: Adapting to unprecedented times.","authors":"Rawaa Hussein, Noor Shafiai, Ahmad Fakrurrozi, Joseph Sabbagh","doi":"10.36740/WLek/216768","DOIUrl":"10.36740/WLek/216768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: This review aims to shed light on the ways dental practices and patient care strategies have evolved in response to the pandemic. It also investigates how patients' perspectives and dentist-patient dynamics have shifted, highlighting lessons for the future of dental healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and methods: The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of previously published research articles and clinical reports on how dental practitioners adapted their practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. It includes qualitative and quantitative data reflecting both professional and patient experiences. The pandemic led to the rapid adoption of new technologies, heightened hygiene protocols, and increased mental health burdens on both patients and practitioners. Tele-dentistry, limited in-person visits, and stricter sterilization practices became the norm. Patients expressed both fear and appreciation for enhanced safety, altering their expectations of dental care, resilience and adaptability in dental settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions The lessons learned from COVID-19 experience underline the importance of incorporating dentistry into broader public health strategies. Moving forward, there is a need to invest in innovative technologies, uphold rigorous hygiene standards, and provide mental workers and patients. These steps are essential to prepare for future health emergencies and ensure the sustainability of dental care delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 1","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of genetic predictors in PTSD development.","authors":"Vladyslav А Smiianov, Viktoriia Yu Harbuzova, Tetiana B Oleshko, Olha A Obukhova, Nataliia O Dryha, Oleksandr М Oleshko","doi":"10.36740/WLek/231365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/231365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: To analyse the role of polymorphic sites in genes encoding key regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the neurotrophic system, which play an important role in determining genetic susceptibility to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: To prepare this review, a systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed and ResearchGate databases using keywords relating to the genetic aspects of PTSD development. The analysis included publications from the last ten years that examined molecular-genetic mechanisms, the role of polymorphisms in shaping individual vulnerability to stress, and their impact on the regulation of the hormonal response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Genetic variability is an important factor determining individual differences in susceptibility to PTSD. Studying polymorphisms in investigated genes helps to explain the difference between resilience and susceptibility to mental disorders following traumatic events. This will help to improve the development of personalised approaches to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of PTSD, and opens up prospects for the creation of new therapeutic strategies that take into account patients' individual genetic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 7","pages":"1692-1699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of serum tumor markers (CEA and CA15-3) with clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients in Iraq.","authors":"Zainab W Kermasha, Zainab Tawfeeq Al-Joubouri, Rawaa Behlul, Yarob Saad Abdiljaleel Alkabi, Ahmed J Mohammed","doi":"10.36740/WLek/221159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/221159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aim: This research is aimed at looking into the relationship between the levels of the markers and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients in Iraq.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 150 breast cancer patients in a cross-sectional correlation study. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected including molecular subtypes, tumor staging and grading. The serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 were determined and the results correlated with patient characteristics. The statistical methods employed were ANOVA, t-tests, and Pearson correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Out of the total patients, 98.5% were females, 52.9% were over 50 years of age and 79.6% were married. The Luminal types were the most frequent (The Luminal types were the most frequent (Luminal A: 45.3%, Luminal B: 36.5%) while the triple-negative (10.1%) and HER2-positive (8.1%) subtypes were the least common. There was an increase in serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 in advanced tumor stage and high grade cancer, a significant difference in CA15-3 levels between the age groups (p=0.010). The marker levels varied according to the molecular subtypes with Luminal A demonstrating a greater CEA and Luminal B showing a higher CA15-3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: The levels of serum CEA and CA15-3 are indicative of the breast cancer patients' tumor stage, grade, and molecular subtype. The regular monitoring of these markers may provide better understanding of the disease progress and help in the formulation of patient-specific management plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":23643,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci lekarskie","volume":"79 7","pages":"1522-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}