Water science and engineering最新文献

{"title":"Core-periphery structure for district metered area partitioning in urban water distribution systems","authors":"Rair Solis Jacome ,&nbsp;Thomaz Anchieta ,&nbsp;Bruno M. Brentan ,&nbsp;Manuel Herrera ,&nbsp;Xitlali Delgado Galvan ,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Arciniega Nevarez ,&nbsp;Jesus Mora Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As urban areas expand and water demand intensifies, the need for efficient and reliable water distribution systems becomes increasingly critical. A widely used infrastructure management approach involves partitioning water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metered areas (DMAs). However, suboptimal designs of DMA partitioning can lead to inefficiencies and increased costs. This study presents a core-periphery-informed approach for DMA design that explicitly utilises the natural division between a densely connected core and a sparsely connected periphery. Incorporating this structural framework enhances network resilience, improves water pressure stability, and optimises boundary device placement. The proposed core-periphery-informed DMA design integrates hydraulic and topological analyses to identify central and peripheral network areas, applies a community structure detection algorithm conditioned by these areas, and uses an optimisation model to determine the optimal placement of boundary devices, enhancing network resilience and reducing costs. When applied to the Modena WDN in Italy, this approach demonstrates improved pressure stability and significant cost reductions compared to traditional methods. Overall, the findings highlight the practical benefits of the core-periphery-based DMA design, offering a scalable and data-driven solution for urban water distribution systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 262-273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2020.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2020.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 391-392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45255333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale experimental study on scour around both slender and large monopiles under irregular waves","authors":"En-yu Gong ,&nbsp;Song-gui Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Da-wei Guan ,&nbsp;Jin-hai Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind power plays a crucial role in energy strategies. The results of traditional small-scale physical models may be unreliable when extrapolated to large field scales. This study addressed this limitation by conducting large-scale (1:13) experiments to investigate the scour hole pattern and equilibrium scour depth around both slender and large monopiles under irregular waves. The experiments adopted Keulegan–Carpenter number (<em>N</em>_KC) values from 1.01 to 8.89 and diffraction parameter (<em>D</em>/<em>L</em>, where <em>D</em> is the diameter of the monopile, and <em>L</em> is the wave length) values from 0.016 to 0.056. The results showed that changes in the maximum scour location and scour hole shape around a slender monopile were associated with <em>N</em>_KC, with differences observed between irregular and regular waves. Improving the calculation of <em>N</em>_KC enhanced the accuracy of existing scour formulae under irregular waves. The maximum scour locations around a large monopile were consistently found on both sides, regardless of <em>N</em>_KC and <em>D</em>/<em>L</em>, but the scour hole topography was influenced by both parameters. Notably, the scour range around a large monopile was at least as large as the monopile diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 369-377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction models for scour depth around circular compound bridge piers","authors":"Siva Krishna Reddy,&nbsp;Venu Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scour around bridge pier foundations is a complex phenomenon that can threaten structural stability. Accurate prediction of scour depth around compound piers remains challenging for bridge engineers. This study investigated the effect of foundation elevation on scour around compound piers and developed reliable scour depth prediction models for economical foundation design. Experiments were conducted under clear-water conditions using two circular piers: (1) a uniform pier (with a diameter of <em>D</em>) and (2) a compound pier consisting of a uniform pier resting on a circular foundation (with a foundation diameter (<em>D</em>_f) of 2<em>D</em>) positioned at various elevations (<em>Z</em>) relative to the channel bed. Results showed that foundation elevation significantly affected scour depth. Foundations at or below the bed (<em>Z</em>/<em>D</em> ≥ 0) reduced scour, while those projecting into the flow field (<em>Z</em>/<em>D</em> &lt; 0) increased scour. The optimal foundation elevation was found to be 0.1<em>D</em> below the bed level, yielding a 57% reduction in scour depth compared to the uniform pier due to its shielding effect against downflow and horseshoe vortices. In addition, regression, artificial neural network (ANN), and M5 model tree models were developed using experimental data from this and previous studies. The M5 model outperformed the traditional HEC-18 equation, regression, and ANN models, with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.85. Sensitivity analysis indicated that flow depth, foundation elevation, and diameter significantly influenced scour depth prediction, whereas sediment size had a lesser impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 378-390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of membrane material and pore size on membrane fouling during filtration of algae-laden water","authors":"Shan-shan Gao,&nbsp;Xin-hong Zhang,&nbsp;Ming-yue Geng,&nbsp;Jia-yu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane filtration technology has been widely utilized for microalgae harvesting due to its stability and high efficiency. However, this technology faces challenges posed by membrane fouling caused by algal cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM), which are significantly influenced by membrane material and pore size. This study compared the fouling behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and ceramic membranes with similar pore sizes (0.20 μm and 0.16 μm, respectively) during the filtration of <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>. The ceramic membrane exhibited a lower transmembrane pressure (TMP) growth rate and reduced accumulation of surface foulants compared to the PVDF membrane, indicating its greater suitability for filtering algae-laden water. Further investigations employed membranes fabricated from aluminum oxide powders with grain sizes of 1 μm, 3 μm, 8 μm, and 10 μm, corresponding to membrane pore sizes of 0.08 μm, 0.16 μm, 0.66 μm, and 0.76 μm, respectively, to assess the impact of pore size on ceramic membrane fouling. The results revealed that increasing membrane pore size significantly lowered the TMP growth rate and reduced the irreversibility of membrane fouling. The extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) analysis indicated that large pore sizes enhanced repulsion between the ceramic membrane and algal foulants, further alleviating membrane fouling. This investigation offers new insights into optimizing membrane material and pore size for efficient filtration of algae-laden water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising a novel biofilm-based process using Neurospora discreta for enhanced treatment of lignin-rich wastewater","authors":"Himani Taneja ,&nbsp;Shamas Tabraiz ,&nbsp;Asma Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper and pulp mills generate substantial volumes of wastewater containing lignin-derived compounds that are challenging to degrade using conventional wastewater treatment methods. This study presents a novel biofilm-based process for enhanced lignin removal in wastewater using the fungus <em>Neurospora discreta</em>, which effectively degrades lignin and forms robust biofilms at the air–liquid interface under specific conditions. The process was optimised using the Taguchi design of experiments approach, and three factors including pH, copper sulphate concentration, and trace element concentration were evaluated at three levels. Experimental data were analysed against three responses: lignin degradation efficiency and the activities of two ligninolytic enzymes (polyphenol oxidase and versatile peroxidase). The results indicated that wastewater pH was the most significant parameter affecting lignin degradation efficiency and enzyme activities. Over 70% lignin degradation was achieved at pH levels of 5 and 6 with copper sulphate concentrations above 4 mg/L, while degradation efficiency drastically dropped to 45% at a pH value of 7. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated the effects of the three factors on the polar and non-polar components of lignin in wastewater, revealing a clear decrease in all peak areas after treatment. Additionally, significant relationships were observed between biofilm properties (including porosity, water retention value, polysaccharide content, and protein content) and lignin removal efficiency. This study also reported for the first time the presence of versatile peroxidase, a ligninolytic enzyme, in <em>Neurospora</em> sp<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of backwater effect in Jingjiang Reach due to confluence with Dongting Lake using a machine learning model","authors":"Hai-xin Shang ,&nbsp;Jun-qiang Xia ,&nbsp;Chun-hong Hu ,&nbsp;Mei-rong Zhou ,&nbsp;Shan-shan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The backwater effect caused by tributary inflow can significantly elevate the water level profile upstream of a confluence point. However, the influence of mainstream and confluence discharges on the backwater effect in a river reach remains unclear. In this study, various hydrological data collected from the Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River in China were statistically analyzed to determine the backwater degree and range with three representative mainstream discharges. The results indicated that the backwater degree increased with mainstream discharge, and a positive relationship was observed between the runoff ratio and backwater degree at specific representative mainstream discharges. Following the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the backwater effect in the Jingjiang Reach diminished. For instance, mean backwater degrees for low, moderate, and high mainstream discharges were recorded as 0.83 m, 1.61 m, and 2.41 m during the period from 1990 to 2002, whereas these values decreased to 0.30 m, 0.95 m, and 2.08 m from 2009 to 2020. The backwater range extended upstream as mainstream discharge increased from 7 000 m³/s to 30 000 m³/s. Moreover, a random forest-based machine learning model was used to quantify the backwater effect with varying mainstream and confluence discharges, accounting for the impacts of mainstream discharge, confluence discharge, and channel degradation in the Jingjiang Reach. At the Jianli Hydrological Station, a decrease in mainstream discharge during flood seasons resulted in a 7%–15% increase in monthly mean backwater degree, while an increase in mainstream discharge during dry seasons led to a 1%–15% decrease in monthly mean backwater degree. Furthermore, increasing confluence discharge from Dongting Lake during June to July and September to November resulted in an 11%–42% increase in monthly mean backwater degree. Continuous channel degradation in the Jingjiang Reach contributed to a 6%–19% decrease in monthly mean backwater degree. Under the influence of these factors, the monthly mean backwater degree in 2017 varied from a decrease of 53% to an increase of 37% compared to corresponding values in 1991.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilization of MnO2 nanoflowers on coils using direct heating method for organic pollutant remediation","authors":"Sin Ling Chiam ,&nbsp;Swee-Yong Pung ,&nbsp;Chee Meng Koe ,&nbsp;Fei Yee Yeoh","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immobilization of catalysts on supporting substrates for the removal of organic pollutants is a crucial strategy for mitigating catalyst loss during wastewater treatment. This study presented a rapid and cost-effective direct heating method for synthesizing MnO₂ nanoflowers on coil substrates for the removal of organic pollutants. Traditional methods often require high power, expensive equipment, and long synthesis times. In contrast, the direct heating approach successfully synthesized MnO₂ nanoflowers in just 10 min with a heating power of approximately 40 W·h after the heating power and duration were optimized. These nanoflowers effectively degraded 99% Rhodamine B in 60 min with consistent repeatability. The catalytic mechanisms are attributed to crystal defects in MnO₂, which generate electrons to produce H₂O₂. Mn²⁺ ions in the acidic solution further dissociate H₂O₂ molecules into hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The high efficiency of this synthesis method and the excellent reusability of MnO₂ nanoflowers highlight their potential as a promising solution for the development of supporting MnO₂ catalysts for organic dye removal applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic purification of dye-containing wastewater using a novel embedded hybrid TiO2–slag catalyst heterojunction nanocomposite coupled with statistical models: A sustainable and techno-economic approach","authors":"Kingsley Safo ,&nbsp;Norbert Onen Rubangakene ,&nbsp;Hussien Noby ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. El-Shazly","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To solve this problem, this study synthesized a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and steel slag nanocomposites (SSNC) at a 1:2 mass ratio to create a robust photocatalyst for the treatment of synthetic wastewater. The efficacy of this catalyst in degrading various dye pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), was tested under simulated solar light conditions. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, crystalline structure, energy gap, and point of zero charge of the composite. The TiO₂-SSNC composite catalyst exhibited excellent stability, with a point of zero charge at 8.342 and an energy gap of 2.4 eV. The degradation process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization of operational parameters was achieved through the response surface methodology. Reusability tests demonstrated that the TiO₂-SSNC composite catalyst effectively degraded up to 93.41% of MB in the suspended mode and 92.03% in the coated mode after five cycles. Additionally, the degradation efficiencies for various dyes were significant, highlighting the potential of the composite for broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment. This study also explored the degradation mechanisms and identified byproducts, establishing a pathway for contaminant breakdown. The cost-benefit analysis revealed a total cost of 0.842 8 USD per cubic meter for each treatment activity, indicating low operational and production costs. These findings underscore the promise of the TiO₂-SSNC composite as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wastewater purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking drought definition and classification","authors":"Wen Wang,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 125-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}