Robert B S Turner, Simon M Firestone, Frank R Dunshea, Caroline Mansfield
{"title":"Effect of Body Composition and Age on the Subjective and Quantitative Ultrasound Appearance of the Dogs' Pancreas.","authors":"Robert B S Turner, Simon M Firestone, Frank R Dunshea, Caroline Mansfield","doi":"10.1111/vru.70208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound assessment of the pancreas in dogs is limited by operator subjectivity and technical variability, particularly when classifying echotexture and echogenicity. This prospective study evaluated quantitative ultrasonographic features of the pancreas in dogs and examined their associations with subjective ultrasonographic features, age, body composition, and technical factors. Seventy-two ultrasounds from client-owned dogs undergoing abdominal imaging for diverse clinical indications between 2016 and 2019 were included. Subjective echogenicity and echotexture were assessed, pancreatic and abdominal adipose thicknesses measured, and quantitative intensity and texture features extracted from regions of interest using image-analysis software. A subset of cases was evaluated by 104 veterinary radiologists in a parallel study to generate consensus classifications used for validation. Multivariable models were applied to assess associations between pancreatic features and age, body weight, adiposity, fat distribution, and technical variables. Mean pancreatic thickness was 10.8 mm (SD 3.1) and was positively associated with body weight. Pancreatic hyperechogenicity was uncommon (8.3%). Quantitative pancreatic intensity was associated with age. Heterogeneous echotexture was common (43%) and, on subjective assessment, was associated with older age and lower transducer frequency. Quantitative texture features were associated with age, pancreatic thickness, pancreas orientation, and transducer frequency. These findings suggest that pancreatic heterogeneity is frequent and age-associated, and that both subjective and quantitative assessments are influenced by technical factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13371151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolynne R Kruckman-Gatesy, Susan M LaRue, Lynn R Griffin, Mary-Keara Boss, Gregg Griffenhagen, Sangeeta Rao, Cory N Wakamatsu, Del Leary
{"title":"Clinically Relevant Motion of Canine Thoracic Tumors Is Seen Between Inspiratory and Expiratory Breath Holds on Computed Tomography Performed for Radiation Treatment Planning.","authors":"Carolynne R Kruckman-Gatesy, Susan M LaRue, Lynn R Griffin, Mary-Keara Boss, Gregg Griffenhagen, Sangeeta Rao, Cory N Wakamatsu, Del Leary","doi":"10.1111/vru.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in radiation therapy allow for targeting smaller tumor volumes with exceedingly conformal precision. Target motion during the breathing cycle needs to be anticipated. To date, no information exists that characterizes the motion of canine thoracic tumors during the respiratory cycle. The primary purpose of this study is to assess the pattern of motion of thoracic tumors in three-dimensional (3D) space between inspiratory and expiratory breath holds as a surrogate measurement of the breathing cycle. A secondary aim is to evaluate whether tumor position within the thorax relates to the degree of motion. Fourteen dogs were prospectively enrolled and received thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans with pre- and post-contrast inspiratory and expiratory phases achieved via manual breath holds. Gross tumor volume (GTV) and normal structures were delineated on inspiratory and expiratory image sets, and shifts were measured and analyzed. Smaller tumors had more motion in the dorsoventral direction compared to larger tumors (p = 0.047; rs = -0.44). The same observation was appreciated in the craniocaudal direction (p = 0.008; rs = -0.56). Dogs with multiple tumors had more motion in the dorsoventral direction and the craniocaudal direction compared to dogs with solitary tumors (p = 0.035; p = 0.022). Caudal tumors had significantly more 3D motion (p < 0.001) and craniocaudal motion (p < 0.001) compared to cranial tumors, whereas there was significantly more lateral motion (p < 0.001) between peripheral and central tumors, but no significant difference in 3D motion (p = 0.24). The variability of tumor motion between canine patients supports individualized assessments of each case to ensure best practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Mosca, Melanie Dobromylskyj, Ivan Doran, Alex Smith, Jérome Benoit, Kate Boyd, Savina Gogova
{"title":"Unique Imaging Findings of a Calvarial Ossifying Fibroma Successfully Managed With Surgery and Definitive Intent Radiotherapy.","authors":"Andrea Mosca, Melanie Dobromylskyj, Ivan Doran, Alex Smith, Jérome Benoit, Kate Boyd, Savina Gogova","doi":"10.1111/vru.70215","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a 6-year-old female neutered Boxer dog diagnosed with calvarial ossifying fibroma presenting with left-sided periocular swelling, nasal discharge, epistaxis, and subtle exophthalmos. Diagnostic investigations included serial computed tomography (CT; five studies over 14 months), ultrasound-guided needle aspiration, surgical biopsy, and CT-guided core biopsy. CT identified a well-delineated, non-mineralized, strongly enhancing expansile lesion within the orbital portion of the left frontal bone with retrobulbar tissue displacement and a lobular sinonasal mass causing unilateral turbinate destruction. Progressive mineralization of the calvarial lesion was observed on subsequent CT studies following surgery and radiotherapy. Histopathology confirmed ossifying fibroma in both components (left frontal bone and sinonasal mass). The patient received partial surgical excision followed by definitive external beam volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT), achieving durable local control with no recurrence after more than 1 year. The patient required ongoing ophthalmological monitoring and long-term medication following VMAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiographic Evaluation of Thoracic Inlet Diameter-Normalized Cardiac Silhouette Indices in Clinically Normal Young Adult Cats.","authors":"Shiekh Imran","doi":"10.1111/vru.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective study aimed to establish reference values for thoracic inlet diameter-normalized radiographic indices to evaluate cardiac size in clinically healthy domestic shorthair cats. Standardized thoracic radiographs were obtained from 50 cats at defined respiratory phases. Two metrics were evaluated: the cardiac silhouette axis index, on the basis of the sum of orthogonal long and short axes, and the cardiac silhouette circumference index, derived from the total cardiac perimeter. The thoracic inlet diameter, readily measurable on right and left lateral thoracic radiographs, remained consistent regardless of laterality and respiratory phase and showed strong correlations with cardiac measurements (Pearson's r = 0.86-0.96), supporting its use as a reliable anatomic reference for standardizing cardiac dimensions. Mean cardiac silhouette axis index values at end-inspiration and end-expiration were 2.54 and 2.57 in the right lateral, 2.55 and 2.58 in the left lateral, 2.70 and 2.72 in the dorsoventral, and 2.68 and 2.71 in the ventrodorsal views. Corresponding cardiac silhouette circumference index values were 4.29 and 4.31 in the right lateral, 4.30 and 4.32 in the left lateral, 4.44 and 4.46 in the dorsoventral, and 4.42 and 4.43 in the ventrodorsal views. Unlike the axis index, which is restricted to orthogonal long and short cardiac axes, the circumference index integrates the entire cardiac silhouette. This yields a dimensionless, shape-sensitive parameter that potentially offers a more precise reflection of true cardiac size.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Four-Channel Flexible and Eight-Channel Extremity Coils for Multivoxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Canine Brain at 1.5 T.","authors":"Wutthiwong Theerapan, Nirut Suwanna, Waraporn Aumarm, Adisorn Yawongsa","doi":"10.1111/vru.70184","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To compare four-channel flexible and eight-channel extremity radiofrequency coils for measuring brain metabolite ratios using multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-MRS) in dogs at 1.5 T. Sixteen healthy dogs (12 males, 4 females; age 6.19 ± 2.17 years; weight 23.43 ± 9.65 kg) underwent <sup>1</sup>H-MRS using both coil types with identical protocols. Multivoxel point-resolved spectroscopy was performed on bilateral thalamic regions at short (TE = 30 ms) and long (TE = 135 ms) echo times. N-acetyl aspartate-to-creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline-to-creatine (Cho/Cr) ratios were compared between coils using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. No significant differences were found between coil types. For long echo time, NAA/Cr ratios were right thalamus 1.29 ± 0.27 versus 1.32 ± 0.34 (p = 0.756) and left thalamus 1.22 ± 0.19 versus 1.22 ± 0.48 (p = 0.301) for four-channel versus eight-channel coils, respectively. Cho/Cr ratios were right thalamus 1.45 ± 0.28 versus 1.69 ± 0.68 (p = 0.056) and left thalamus 1.51 ± 0.41 versus 1.45 ± 0.41 (p = 0.215). Short echo time results were similarly nonsignificant. Both coil types provide comparable metabolite measurements for canine brain <sup>1</sup>H-MRS at 1.5 T, allowing coil selection to be guided by practical considerations such as patient size and positioning ease rather than spectral quality concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Rutigliano, Katrien Vanderperren, Zarah Barrau, Lieven Vlaminck, Pieter Cornillie
{"title":"Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance, Cross-Sectional Anatomy, and 3D Volume Rendering of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses of the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos).","authors":"Linda Rutigliano, Katrien Vanderperren, Zarah Barrau, Lieven Vlaminck, Pieter Cornillie","doi":"10.1111/vru.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) is limited by scarce published data. This prospective cadaveric study aimed to enhance the interpretation of clinical cross-sectional imaging and expand knowledge of normal anatomy using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), macroscopic cross-sections, and 3D reconstructions (Amira v5.3.3; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Seven alpacas (median age 3.9 years; five males, two females) underwent CT and MRI. Frozen anatomical slices were obtained from three heads, and sinus fenestration from one. All specimens had a conchal (dorsal and middle), maxillary, frontal, and ethmoidal sinus. The 6/7 specimens presented a sphenoidal sinus, and 5/7 specimens presented bilateral lacrimal sinuses. Notably, the ventral conchal and palatine sinuses were absent in all specimens. The frontal sinus was divided into a smaller, non-concamerated, medial compartment and a large, diversely concamerated, lateral compartment in all specimens, except one in which only a common frontal sinus was present. The sphenoidal sinus was divided by a variably thickened septum in 3/6 heads. The ethmoidal bone contained air-filled cells divided into lateral and medial groups. The lateral cells presented a lengthier rostro-caudal extension and connected to the frontal, lacrimal, and maxillary sinuses, whereas the medial cells were shorter and surrounded the middle conchal sinus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 3","pages":"e70157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CT-MRI Fusion for Radiation Treatment Planning and Serial Imaging of a Canine Maxillofacial Osteosarcoma.","authors":"Nahyun Kwon, Soyeon Kim, Sunghwa Hong, Minok Ryu, Junghee Yoon, Jihye Choi","doi":"10.1111/vru.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 10-year-old poodle with left maxillofacial osteosarcoma received volumetric modulated arc therapy delivering 32 Gy in four fractions. Treatment planning was guided by computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (CT-MRI) fusion for precise target delineation near the globe. Serial CT and MRI up to 12 months after treatment showed transient enlargement of intratumoral cysts with fluid-fluid levels immediately after treatment, indicating pseudoprogression, followed by marked tumor regression. Progressive cortical remodeling and re-ossification restored normal bone contours. These findings present the value of multimodal imaging in radiotherapy planning and follow-up of head and neck tumors to distinguish pseudoprogression from tumor growth and identify postradiation bone regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 3","pages":"e70190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148006904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin Paul-Stewart, Kekauilani Zukeran-Kerr, Alex Pinto, Christopher Snyder, Nate Van Asselt
{"title":"Assessment of the Advancement of Alveolar Bone Loss in Canine Patients Receiving Definitive Radiotherapy for Sinonasal Tumors.","authors":"Erin Paul-Stewart, Kekauilani Zukeran-Kerr, Alex Pinto, Christopher Snyder, Nate Van Asselt","doi":"10.1111/vru.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiotherapy for the treatment of sinonasal tumors in dogs is generally well tolerated, but the range of long-term adverse effects remains poorly understood. In people receiving radiation for head and neck tumors, existing dental disease is a predisposing factor for radiation-induced oral complications that can lead to worsening periodontal disease long-term. Periodontal disease is widespread amongst the population of senior dogs typically undergoing radiotherapy, and the aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine if there is evidence of increased alveolar bone loss in these patients. Computed tomography scans from canine patients undergoing definitive intent radiotherapy for sinonasal tumors at a veterinary teaching hospital from 2013 to 2022 were utilized to assess alveolar bone loss in the maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars at multiple follow-up time points. As the radiation dose delivered was concentrated to the maxilla, the mandibular teeth served as a control for the expected degree of alveolar bone loss. Analysis indicated that there is an increase in alveolar bone loss over time, but that there is no difference between the mandible and maxilla. This finding provides evidence that the risk of radiotherapy worsening alveolar bone loss is low in canine patients and is the first study evaluating the relationship between alveolar bone loss and radiation-induced side effects in dogs. Continued long-term follow-up, along with similar investigations for tumors more directly affecting the oral cavity, is essential to appropriately guide patient risk assessment and prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 3","pages":"e70173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John F Griffin, Alexander R Briggs, Samantha Glamann, Nick D Jeffery, Jonathan M Levine, Andra K Voges, Joseph M Mankin, Sharon C Kerwin, Clifford R Berry, Wilfried Mai
{"title":"Agreement and Accuracy of the Dural Tail Sign for Differentiating Canine Meningioma From Glioma on MRI.","authors":"John F Griffin, Alexander R Briggs, Samantha Glamann, Nick D Jeffery, Jonathan M Levine, Andra K Voges, Joseph M Mankin, Sharon C Kerwin, Clifford R Berry, Wilfried Mai","doi":"10.1111/vru.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dural tail sign (DTS) is an imaging sign used to categorize intracranial masses based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) axial localization. It is common in masses arising from outside the neuroparenchyma (extra-axial) and rare in masses arising from the neuroparenchyma (intra-axial). Accuracy and agreement reports of the DTS in canine meningioma are variable. Therefore, our objectives were to report agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the DTS in dogs with a known diagnosis of meningioma or peripherally located glioma. This was a retrospective, secondary analysis, and cross-sectional study. Dogs with histologically confirmed meningioma or peripherally located glioma and 3T MRI were included. A total of 27 cases, 16 meningioma and 11 glioma, were included. Post-contrast T1-weighted images were provided to five blinded image evaluators in two separate randomized sessions separated by a 6-week washout period. Evaluators were asked to rate cases as \"positive,\" \"negative,\" or \"indeterminate\" for the DTS. All dogs with meningioma were rated positive for the DTS by a majority of evaluators in each session. The sensitivity and specificity for the DTS for the first session were 95% and 89.1%, respectively. Interobserver agreement for identifying the DTS was substantial (κ = 0.74), and intraobserver agreement across the two sessions was almost perfect (κ = 0.84). These findings indicate that, whereas not perfect, the DTS is accurate and reliable in the MRI differentiation of canine meningioma from glioma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 3","pages":"e70169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flavia Thaysa Vieira Freitag, Jennifer Marie Loewen, Gwo-Yuan Yang, Yasmine Messiaen, Jasmine Yu Gu
{"title":"Computed Tomography Findings of Migrating Grass Awn Leading to Esophageal Perforation and Carotid Artery Erosion in a Dog.","authors":"Flavia Thaysa Vieira Freitag, Jennifer Marie Loewen, Gwo-Yuan Yang, Yasmine Messiaen, Jasmine Yu Gu","doi":"10.1111/vru.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 4-year-old male intact Kerry Blue Terrier presented with lethargy, pyrexia, intermittent cough, and a large, firm right ventral cervical mass. Contrast-enhanced head and neck CT revealed a focally expansile, ill-defined, mixed-attenuation lesion with gas bubbles, suggestive of extensive cellulitis and abscessation, in close communication with the cervical esophagus, which appeared focally disrupted. The adjacent common carotid artery was also focally dilated and tortuous. Findings were suggestive of esophageal rupture and secondary carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, likely caused by a penetrating foreign body. Histopathology confirmed the imaging findings and revealed an intralesional grass awn. This paper describes a rare incidence of a migrating grass awn causing esophageal perforation and carotid artery pseudoaneurysm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 3","pages":"e70155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}