Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Atypical Inflammatory Laryngopharyngeal Web With Concurrent Nasopharyngeal Stenosis in an Older Cat.","authors":"Seungmyung Sun, Seulgi Baek, Ji-In Lee, Changmok Son, Seoho Cho, Kidong Eom, Jaehwan Kim","doi":"10.1111/vru.70253","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An older neutered male Korean Shorthair cat was evaluated for chronic respiratory distress, stertor, dysphagia, and severe weight loss. Radiography and computed tomography revealed nasopharyngeal narrowing and a thin membranous web-like obstructive structure at the laryngopharynx, resulting in near-complete airway obstruction, with concurrent fluid-to-soft tissue attenuating material within the frontal sinus and tympanic bulla. Surgical exploration confirmed a membranous lesion, and histopathology demonstrated chronic ulcerative palatitis without evidence of neoplasia. This case suggests that feline nasopharyngeal stenosis may be associated with a more complex inflammatory laryngopharyngeal web, potentially broadening the currently recognized morphologic spectrum of this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Lesion Descriptors in Foals With Hematogenous Osteomyelitis: Interobserver Agreement and Association With Outcome.","authors":"Kajsa Gustafsson, Maurizio Longo, Katrien Vanderperren, Hanna Haardt, Maarten Haspeslagh, Emanuël Stas, Donatella De Zani, Camille Buyck, Mickaël Robert, Davide D Zani","doi":"10.1111/vru.70231","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used to diagnose osteomyelitis in foals, but the prognostic value and interobserver reproducibility of specific CT lesion descriptors remain unclear. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to characterize CT features of hematogenous osteomyelitis in foals using a structured radiologic feature set, assess interobserver agreement, and evaluate associations between CT descriptors and survival to hospital discharge and long-term survival. We hypothesized that CT features considered aggressive, including a long transition zone, permeative or moth-eaten osteolysis, and discontinuous or irregular periosteal reaction, would be negatively associated with survival. Foals diagnosed with osteomyelitis and examined by CT at three tertiary referral centers were included. CT images were independently reviewed by three blinded observers. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Krippendorff's alpha. Associations between clinical variables, CT descriptors, and survival outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression. Fifty-six foals met inclusion criteria. Thirty-six foals (64%) survived to hospital discharge, and 26 of 32 foals (81%) with follow-up data survived long term. Articular involvement (p = 0.04; odds ratio [OR], 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.89) and a long transition zone (p = 0.03; OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.23-0.78) were negatively associated with survival to discharge. Lesions at multiple locations were negatively associated with long-term survival (p = 0.03; OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.04-0.77). Interobserver agreement ranged from weak to moderate. Associations between individual CT descriptors and survival were limited, highlighting the need for prospective studies and improved standardization of CT lesion descriptors in foals with osteomyelitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13510097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Features of Intra-Abdominal Testicular Torsion in Cryptorchid Dogs.","authors":"Giorgio Kallis, James Whitlock, Sally Griffin, Jonathan Hughes","doi":"10.1111/vru.70247","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-abdominal cryptorchidism and testicular neoplasia are risk factors for the development of intra-abdominal testicular torsion (IATT). Testicular torsion may be associated with complete or incomplete vascular occlusion, leading to ischemia and necrosis, and, therefore, IATT necessitates urgent orchidectomy. This case series describes the CT features of complete (5/6) and incomplete (1/6) IATT in six dogs with surgically and histopathologically confirmed diagnoses, including torsion of both neoplastic (4/6) and non-neoplastic (2/6) testes. Clinical signs included acute abdominal pain, a palpable abdominal mass, inappetence, and vomiting. Testicular neoplasia included Seminoma (2/4) and Sertoli cell tumor (2/4). Both cases of Sertoli cell tumor were associated with hyperestrogenism, one of which had metastasized to the ipsilateral medial iliac lymph node (1/2). Orchidectomy was curative in 5/6 dogs. CT features of IATT included a mid or caudal intra-abdominal, soft tissue attenuating mass with a \"whirl sign\" of the testicular vascular pedicle, pampiniform plexus, and/or gubernaculum (6/6); enlargement of the testis, pampiniform plexus and epididymis (6/6); and peritoneal effusion (6/6). Features observed only in complete IATT were interruption of testicular arterial contrast filling (4/5), absent testicular parenchymal contrast enhancement, and absent contrast filling of the pampiniform plexus (5/5). By comparison, contrast enhancement or filling of these structures was present only in the incomplete IATT case. IATT should be considered a differential diagnosis for acute abdominal pain and an intra-abdominal mass in cryptorchid dogs with the CT features reported in this limited series. It should also be recognized that IATT is often secondary to testicular neoplasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Irradiation-Related Complications in Cats Undergoing Radiation Therapy: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study of 167 Cats (2002-2025).","authors":"Skylar R Sylvester, Tracy L Gieger","doi":"10.1111/vru.70255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.70255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of non-irradiation-related complications in cats receiving radiotherapy has not been previously reported. Medical records of 167 cats treated with radiotherapy under general anesthesia at a single institution (2002-2025) were reviewed. Head/neck tumors were most common (n = 119). Ninety-two cats (55%) received short-course radiotherapy (1-8 fractions, median 4), and 75 cats (45%) received longer course radiotherapy (10-19 fractions, median 16). Median treatment duration spanned 16 calendar days (range, 1-35). Complications resolving without intervention or requiring outpatient treatment were categorized as mild, and those requiring hospitalization for supportive care or discontinuation of radiation therapy (RT) were considered severe. Mild anesthesia-related complications occurred in 72 cats (43%), whereas mild non-anesthesia-related complications occurred in 30 cats (18%). Three cats (2%) experienced treatment delays due to mild complications. Preexisting hypertensive chronic kidney disease (p = 0.0201) and vasopressor use (p = 0.0001) were associated with mild anesthesia-related complications on multivariate analysis. Severe complications requiring hospitalization occurred in 19 cats (11%), including gastrointestinal, fever, anemia, neurologic, renal, cardiac, endocrine, and ocular events; treatment was delayed in 7 (4%) and discontinued in 12 (7%) of these cats. Weight loss from the start to end of treatment (p = 0.016) was associated with severe complications on multivariate analysis, with 40% of cats losing >5% of body weight during treatment. As the hematocrit decreased by >5% in 27% of cats, recheck after RT is recommended. Six cats (4%) were euthanized during radiotherapy due to tumor progression (n = 3) or severe complications (n = 3). Overall, 11% of cats experienced severe non-irradiation-related complications that rarely led to death.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebral Vascular Canal Dysplasia in Three Brachycephalic Breeds and Its Relationship With BOAS Grade.","authors":"Margarida de Almeida Coelho, Thomas Maddox, Jane F Ladlow, Marie-Aude Genain","doi":"10.1111/vru.70236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between vertebral vascular canal dilation and raised intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures has been observed in humans. Vertebral vascular canal dysplasia (VVCD) has recently been reported as a vertebral anomaly in brachycephalic dogs. This retrospective, single-institutional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of VVCD number and type in thoracic vertebrae of three brachycephalic breeds and a non-brachycephalic control group, and to correlate the findings with the brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) functional grading. Thoracic CT studies of French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs that had previously undergone BOAS assessment were retrospectively reviewed. Non-brachycephalic dogs that underwent a thoracic CT scan were matched by weight with the BOAS group and randomly selected to be part of the control group. The prevalence of VVCD involving ≥1 thoracic vertebra was 20% (6/30) in the control group, 56.9% (136/239) in French Bulldogs, 95.3% (41/43) in English Bulldogs, and 87.3% (55/63) in Pugs. French Bulldogs had significantly fewer vertebrae affected than the other brachycephalic breeds (p < 0.001). BOAS grade III dogs had more affected vertebrae; however, this was not statistically significant on multivariable analysis. The difference between the VVCD type and BOAS grades was not significant (p = 0.33). As BOAS severity was not correlated with either the presence or type of VVCD, no evidence was found to support a causative link between BOAS grading and the degree of vertebral vascular canal dilation. The potential role of raised intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressures in the development of VVCD therefore remains hypothetical.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Ultrasonographic and Computed Tomographic Features of Parathyroid Glands in Canine Primary Hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Charles Neill, Séamus Hoey, Eimear Shorten, Francisco Llabres-Diaz, Thomas W Maddox, Julie Besson, Benoît Cuq","doi":"10.1111/vru.70234","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A multicenter retrospective study compared ultrasonographic (US) and computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of parathyroid glands in 20 dogs with histopathological confirmation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Twenty-four glands were diseased (17 adenomas and 7 hyperplastic glands). Two blinded radiologists assessed US and CT studies in two readings. A similar total number of glands was visualized (US 59 and CT 63). Intermodality agreement for identification of the same individual glands was slight for presumed normal glands but perfect for diseased glands, with 23 of 24 diseased glands visualized on both modalities. Glands were more often poorly marginated on CT compared to US, whereas other descriptive features were similar across modalities. The only shared feature of diseased glands on both modalities was significantly greater size. Intermodality agreement for size measurements was poor for presumed normal glands, with CT measuring larger, but moderate to good for diseased glands. Intermodality agreement for classifying glands as enlarged (largest dimension ≥4 mm) was substantial. Enlargement-based localization sensitivity for diseased glands was similar between modalities (US 18/24, 75.0%; CT 19/24, 79.2%). Additional enlarged glands without histopathological confirmation of disease were identified in three instances on US and seven on CT. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement for quantitative parameters was similar between modalities; however, agreement for most descriptive parameters was superior on US. Overall, US likely remains the first-line imaging modality for localizing parathyroid disease; however, these findings support selective incorporation of CT to aid therapeutic decision-making in canine primary hyperparathyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of 2D Linear and 3D Volumetric Measurement Techniques for Subchondral Bone Sclerosis in the Equine Distal Limb Using Standing Computed Tomography.","authors":"Annabelle C Trainor, Benjamin J Ahern, Ekaterina V Strounina, Frederik E Pauwels, Alex C Young","doi":"10.1111/vru.70246","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subchondral bone sclerosis of the distal third palmar/plantar metacarpal/metatarsal condyles is a common radiographic finding in Thoroughbred racehorses. Traditionally, assessment has relied on two-dimensional (2D) linear measurements; however, advances in imaging software now allow three-dimensional (3D) volumetric quantification of subchondral bone. This study aimed to assess the relationship and agreement between computed tomography (CT)-derived 2D linear and volumetric measurements of condylar sclerosis and computer-generated 3D volumetric measurements and determine whether 2D measurements could provide a practical alternative to 3D analysis. A total of 62 Thoroughbred racehorses (96 fetlock joints; 59 forelimbs, and 37 hindlimbs) underwent standing fan-beam CT (FBCT). Retrospective image analysis was performed using Horos for 2D measurements and Volume Graphics Studio Max for 3D volumetric quantification. Associations between 2D and 3D measurements were assessed using Pearson's correlation (r) and coefficients of determination (R²). Agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis, whereas linear mixed-effects models identified predictors of 3D sclerosis volume. Inter- and intraobserver agreements were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Estimated sclerosis volume derived from 2D measurements showed a strong positive correlation with 3D sclerosis volume (r = 0.79, R² = 0.62, 95% CI for r = 0.73-0.85). Dorsopalmar/Plantar sclerosis was strongly correlated with condylar 3D sclerosis volume (r = 0.76, R² = 0.58, 95% CI for r = 0.69-0.81). Interobserver (ICC = 0.969) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.982) agreement was excellent. Although 2D measurements may provide a practical alternative when 3D software is unavailable, the methods are not directly interchangeable, particularly with greater sclerosis volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic and Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Presumed Traumatic Unilateral Cavernositis of the Penis in a 2-Year-Old Dog.","authors":"Irene Aledón, Alex Forward, Jonathan Hughes","doi":"10.1111/vru.70249","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2-year-old male entire Samoyed presented with 2 weeks of suspected lumbar pain, following an episode of compulsive hypersexual behavior towards other dogs. Computed tomography revealed a lobulated, enlarged left corpus cavernosum with a central non-enhancing, hypoattenuating region (-20 to 40 HU) and rim enhancement, surrounding ischiocavernosus muscle swelling, and left-sided bulbus penis hyperenhancement. Ultrasound showed an enlarged heterogeneous hyperechoic left corpus cavernosum. Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration for cytology, interpreted by a board-certified clinical pathologist, revealed mesenchymal proliferation and mild macrophagic inflammation, supporting a diagnosis of cavernositis. The dog was treated with anti-inflammatories and antibiotics with clinical resolution at a 4-week follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Workforce-Informed Competency Framework Defines 30 Core Abilities of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Specialists.","authors":"Julie A Noyes, Jennifer Brisson, Gareth J Buckley, Laura Hammond, Timothy Manzi, Rachel E Pollard, Jaime Sage, Kenneth R Waller, Patrick Welch","doi":"10.1111/vru.70248","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary diagnostic imaging residency training lacks a workforce-informed competency framework defining the core abilities required for specialty-level practice. This study developed and content-validated VIEW (Veterinary Imaging Education and Workforce), a competency framework for diagnostic imaging specialists. A modified Delphi design spanned three phases from January 2025 through February 2026. Phase 1 used a seven-member focus group comprising six board-certified diagnostic imaging specialists and one board-certified emergency and critical care specialist to generate initial competencies through structured discussion and anonymous rating rounds. Competencies meeting an a priori consensus threshold (≥0.70) advanced to Phase 2, involving a survey of ACVR and ECVDI board-certified specialists and diagnostic imaging residents. Survey respondents rated the importance and clarity of competencies and provided feedback. Phase 3 involved a structured focus group review of integrated survey findings to finalize the framework. Phase 1 identified 58 competencies, of which 52 advanced to Phase 2. Eighty respondents completed the Phase 2 survey, with 36 of 52 competencies (69.2%) meeting the consensus threshold. Qualitative analysis identified 356 competency-specific comments, 20 additional competency suggestions, and 24 general comments. Survey feedback refined the framework through consolidation, restructuring, and one addition, resulting in 30 core competencies organized into six domains with 14 illustrative subcompetencies. VIEW competencies were mapped to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) Competency-Based Veterinary Education (CBVE) frameworks, demonstrating structural alignment with established health professions competency frameworks. VIEW provides the first workforce-informed competency framework for veterinary diagnostic imaging, supporting competency-based curriculum design and assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography for Diagnosis of Ectopic Ureters in Five Female Dogs.","authors":"Georgia Trikoupi, Lysimachos Papazoglou, Paraskevi Papadopoulou","doi":"10.1111/vru.70240","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to describe the implementation of contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (CE-VUS), a new, alternative, radiation-free imaging technique, for diagnosing ectopic ureters (EUs) in dogs. Five dogs were presented for evaluation of recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence. All dogs were bright and alert on presentation, and physical examination findings, complete blood count, and serum biochemistry results were within reference intervals. Plain radiographs and conventional ultrasonography did not reveal any appreciable changes. Following aseptic urethral catheterization, CE-VUS was performed by infusing a second-generation microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agent into the urinary bladder. The contrast agent was observed in both ureters and pelvicalyceal systems in cases one and five and in the left ureter and pelvicalyceal system in cases two, three, and four. Displacement of the ureteral orifices was documented caudal to the bladder trigone in all dogs with EUs. Additionally, a ureterocele associated with the left EU was identified in case three. These findings were consistent with vesicoureteral reflux secondary to EUs. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiographic cystography and/or computed tomography excretory urography (CTEU). CE-VUS appears to be a useful, radiation-free imaging technique for evaluating urinary tract morphology and function in dogs. To the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have reported the clinical use of CE-VUS for the diagnosis of EUs in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 5","pages":"e70240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}