{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging signal changes at the intramuscular injection site in dogs: Comparison of medetomidine and saline.","authors":"Sojeong Kwon, Daji Noh, Kazutaka Yamada, Sang-Kwon Lee, Hojung Choi, Youngwon Lee, Kija Lee","doi":"10.1111/vru.13438","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intramuscular administration is a commonly used method for delivering sedatives and anesthetics in veterinary medicine. Previous studies have reported inflammation at the intramuscular injection site in laboratory animals and observed signal changes on MRI following intramuscular injections in humans. We hypothesized that following intramuscular injection, the site would exhibit T2 hyperintensity and contrast enhancement on MRI. To investigate this, this prospective study evaluated the pattern of signal changes and grade of T2 signal intensity and contrast enhancement over time after the intramuscular injection of medetomidine at a premedication dosage, comparing it to saline. MRI scans were performed immediately postinjection into the biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris muscles, as well as at 2, 8, 24, and 72 h, and 7 days postinjection. A semiquantitative scale was utilized to grade signal intensity and contrast enhancement. Both medetomidine and saline injections showed T2 hyperintensity immediately after injection and contrast enhancement from 2 h postinjection, manifesting as flame-shaped. These signal changes decreased up to 24 h postinjection (p < .05). The signal changes induced by medetomidine showed higher T2 hyperintense change and stronger contrast enhancement compared with saline at most time points, with the signal changes persisting for a longer duration (p < .05). These findings suggest that intramuscular administration of medetomidine induces a more severe tissue reaction compared with saline, and the results are expected to aid in the differentiation of various muscle diseases that present with similar MRI findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"819-825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heitor Leocádio de Souza Rodrigues, Laís Elena Oliveira Pimenta, Lídia Maria Amaro Vasconcellos, Márcio Machado Costa, Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti, Vanessa Martins Fayad Milken
{"title":"Estimation of urinary volume through ultrasonography in dog cadavers and experimental models.","authors":"Heitor Leocádio de Souza Rodrigues, Laís Elena Oliveira Pimenta, Lídia Maria Amaro Vasconcellos, Márcio Machado Costa, Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti, Vanessa Martins Fayad Milken","doi":"10.1111/vru.13418","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The urinary volume and residual urine volume are pieces of information that can provide relevant clinical data for dogs and cats, especially those hospitalized. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate mathematical formulas described in human and veterinary literature to estimate urinary volume in dogs and experimental models. For this purpose, nine male dog cadavers and twelve experimental models were used to evaluate residual volume, small, medium, and large, using three different formulas. Data were obtained by three different examiners: two ultrasonographers and one nonultrasonographer. Each examiner recorded three longitudinal and transverse images, obtaining measurements of width, length, and height at each proposed volume. The measurements were then averaged, and the result was added to the formulas, thus estimating urinary volume. All three formulas achieved higher accuracy in estimating smaller volumes, with a gradual decrease as urinary volume increased. The error of all formulas was less than 10%, even when compared with evaluations in experimental models and dogs. There was variation in estimation between ultrasonographers and nonultrasonographer examiners; however, this variation was low, allowing for the assertion that both can apply the technique. Thus, it is concluded that estimating urinary bladder volume using mathematical formulas and 2D ultrasound is accurate and, therefore, an alternative and viable option for evaluating the urinary tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"713-721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sue Dyson, Laura Quiney, Kathryn Phillips, Shichen Zheng, Monica Aleman
{"title":"Radiological abnormalities of the cervicothoracic vertebrae in Warmblood horses with primary neck-related clinical signs versus controls.","authors":"Sue Dyson, Laura Quiney, Kathryn Phillips, Shichen Zheng, Monica Aleman","doi":"10.1111/vru.13420","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiological observations at the cervicothoracic junction in horses with or without related clinical signs have not been comprehensively described. The aim was to evaluate the seventh cervical (C7) to second thoracic (T2) vertebrae in horses with neck-related clinical signs (neck pain and/or stiffness, neck-related forelimb lameness, or general proprioceptive [spinal] ataxia) and control horses. This prospective analytical cross-sectional study included 127 control horses and 96 cases, examined using standardized clinical and radiological protocols. Univariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify factors associated with radiological abnormalities. Severe modeling of the articular processes at C7-T1 was more likely in cases compared with controls, OR, 4.25; CI, 1.04-17.36; P = .04. Cases were more likely to have spondylolisthesis at C7-T1 than controls, OR, 3.61; CI, 1.75-7.44; P < .001. There was a lack of uniformity of disc space width at C6-C7, despite normal alignment of the vertebrae, in five (5.2%) cases and no control horses. Discospondylosis was seen in 9 (9.4%) horses at C7-T1 and 10 of 64 (15.6%) at T1-T2. The sagittal ratio for T1 was smaller for horses with neck-related forelimb lameness (P < .0002), neck pain/ stiffness (P = .04), or neurological cases (P < .001) than controls. The prevalence of radiological abnormalities at C7-T1 and T1-T2 highlights the importance of careful evaluation of the cervicothoracic junction in horses with neck-related signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"755-768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maëva C M Erickson, Karine P Gendron, Laura A B Aguilar, Jeanette Wyneken, Gregory B Walth, Nicole L Gottdenker, Stephen J Divers
{"title":"Intraosseous contrast administration for coelomic computed tomography angiography in green iguanas (Iguana iguana): Preliminary findings show promise as an alternative to the intravenous route.","authors":"Maëva C M Erickson, Karine P Gendron, Laura A B Aguilar, Jeanette Wyneken, Gregory B Walth, Nicole L Gottdenker, Stephen J Divers","doi":"10.1111/vru.13416","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computed tomography is commonly used to evaluate the reptile coelom. One challenge in the acquisition of contrast-enhanced CT studies in reptiles is the difficulty in placing intravenous catheters due to the poor conspicuity of peripheral vessels. To overcome these limitations, intraosseous catheterization of the long bones (humerus, femur, and tibia) can be used. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced CT of the coelom using a femoral intraosseous route for contrast administration. Twelve healthy juvenile green iguanas were enrolled. In 9 of 12 iguanas, vascular phases were obtained, providing strong, homogeneous enhancement of the arterial and venous tree concurrently. In these nine cases, Phase #1, acquired 60 s after beginning the injection of contrast medium, provided maximal contrast between the hepatic parenchyma and hepatic vasculature. In the remaining three cases, injection failure resulted from intracortical placement of the catheter tip. Histological examination of the liver, kidneys, and femur was performed to determine the pathomorphological correlates of the CT findings; in a third of patients, some degree of contrast-induced renal toxicity was documented, which in mammalians shows potential for reversibility. Four iguanas had iatrogenic structural damage to the femoral growth plates attributed to intraosseous catheter placement. A femoral intraosseous route can be used in green iguanas for iodinated contrast medium administration for CT angiography. For the greatest contrast between coelomic organs and vascular structures, at least one postcontrast acquisition 60 s after initiation of contrast administration is recommended when using this technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"776-785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of pyometra with unilateral uterine torsion in a domestic shorthair cat.","authors":"Lauren Bynum, Andra Voges, Kristin Repyak","doi":"10.1111/vru.13417","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An 8-year-old female domestic shorthair, presenting for a 3-day history of lethargy and hyporexia, was obtunded, dehydrated, tachypneic, and had abdominal distension on physical exam with no vaginal discharge or pyrexia. Abdominal radiographs revealed a large, ovoid soft tissue mass and a tortuous, tubular soft tissue structure in the abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a severely fluid-distended uterus with a left uterine torsion, which was demonstrated by a \"whirl sign.\" Emergency ovariohysterectomy surgically confirmed a 360° torsion of the left uterine horn with a fluid-distended right uterine horn. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of pyometra, and the cat recovered uneventfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"689-693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom Monto, Silke Hecht, Mylène Auger, Cary M Springer
{"title":"A \"gullwing sign\" on magnetic resonance imaging of extradural spinal tumors in dogs and cats allows prioritization of round cell neoplasia.","authors":"Tom Monto, Silke Hecht, Mylène Auger, Cary M Springer","doi":"10.1111/vru.13448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extradural neoplasms are the most common spinal tumors in small animals. A bilobed appearance of ventral extradural spinal lesions (\"gullwing sign\") on MRI has been described with various conditions. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if a \"gullwing sign\" is more common with certain types of extradural tumors. MRI studies of dogs and cats with extradural spinal neoplasms were reviewed for the presence of a \"gullwing sign\". Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate a possible relationship between tumor class and the presence of a \"gullwing sign\". Sixty-six cases were included (5 epithelial, 31 mesenchymal, 4 neuroendocrine, and 26 round cell tumors). A \"gullwing sign\" was identified in 12 of 66 cases (18.2%) and was significantly more common with round cell neoplasia than other tumor types (P < .001; OR = 28.6, 95% CI [3.4, 241.1]). This information may aid radiologists in prioritizing differential diagnoses for extradural tumors in small animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"832-835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chick Weisse, William Alexander Fox-Alvarez, Federico R Vilaplana Grosso, Kazushi Asano, Kumiko Ishigaki, Allison L Zwingenberger, Kenneth A Carroll, Valery F Scharf, Victoria Lipscomb, Mandy L Wallace, Ali Aly, Beth Biscoe, Jacqueline R Davidson, Shiori Arai, Nicole S Amato, Stewart D Ryan, Sarah Woods, Anjile An
{"title":"Anatomical classification of canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts based on CT angiography: A SVSTS and VIRIES multi-institutional study in 1082 dogs.","authors":"Chick Weisse, William Alexander Fox-Alvarez, Federico R Vilaplana Grosso, Kazushi Asano, Kumiko Ishigaki, Allison L Zwingenberger, Kenneth A Carroll, Valery F Scharf, Victoria Lipscomb, Mandy L Wallace, Ali Aly, Beth Biscoe, Jacqueline R Davidson, Shiori Arai, Nicole S Amato, Stewart D Ryan, Sarah Woods, Anjile An","doi":"10.1111/vru.13415","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) morphologies have not been fully elucidated. The goal of this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to use CT angiography to create an anatomical-based nomenclature system for canine congenital EHPSS. These shunt morphologies were then evaluated to identify any significant association with patient age, sex, breed, weight, or subjective portal perfusion score. Data collected respectively from the SVSTS and VIRIES list-serves included patient DOB, sex, breed, weight, CT date, and reported diagnosis. A single author (C.W.) viewed all CT scans and classified shunts based on the shunt portal vessel(s) of origin, the shunt systemic vessel(s) of insertion, and any substantial portal vessels contributing to the shunt. Additionally, hepatic portal perfusion was subjectively scored between one (poor/none) and five (good/normal) based on the caliber of the intrahepatic portal veins. A total of 1182 CT scans were submitted from 13 different institutions. Due to exclusion criteria, 100 (8.5%) were removed, leaving 1082 CT scans to be included. Forty-five different EHPSS anatomies were identified with five classifications accounting for 85% of all shunts (left gastric-phrenic [27%], left gastric-azygos [19%], left gastric-caval [15%], aberrant left gastric-caval with right gastric vein [12%], and aberrant left gastric-caval with right gastric vein and short gastric vein [11%]). Shunt origin involved the left gastric vein in 95% of the described classifications. Significant differences were identified among the five most common shunt types with respect to age at the time of the CT scan (P < .001), sex (P = .009), breed (P < .001), weight (P < .001), and subjective portal perfusion score (P < .001). An anatomical classification system for canine EHPSS may enable improved understanding, treatment comparisons, and outcome prediction for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"702-712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic classification and grading of canine tracheal collapse on thoracic radiographs by using deep learning.","authors":"Hathaiphat Suksangvoravong, Nan Choisunirachon, Teerawat Tongloy, Santhad Chuwongin, Siridech Boonsang, Veerayuth Kittichai, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat","doi":"10.1111/vru.13413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tracheal collapse is a chronic and progressively worsening disease; the severity of clinical symptoms experienced by affected individuals depends on the degree of airway collapse. Cutting-edge automated tools are necessary to modernize disease screening using radiographs across various veterinary settings, such as animal clinics and hospitals. This is primarily due to the inherent challenges associated with interpreting uncertainties among veterinarians. In this study, an artificial intelligence model was developed to screen canine tracheal collapse using archived lateral cervicothoracic radiographs. This model can differentiate between a normal and collapsed trachea, ranging from early to severe degrees. The you-only-look-once (YOLO) models, including YOLO v3, YOLO v4, and YOLO v4 tiny, were used to train and test data sets under the in-house XXX platform. The results showed that the YOLO v4 tiny-416 model had satisfactory performance in screening among the normal trachea, grade 1-2 tracheal collapse, and grade 3-4 tracheal collapse with 98.30% sensitivity, 99.20% specificity, and 98.90% accuracy. The area under the curve of the precision-recall curve was >0.8, which demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy. The intraobserver agreement between deep learning and radiologists was κ = 0.975 (P < .001), with all observers having excellent agreement (κ = 1.00, P < .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient between observers was >0.90, which represented excellent consistency. Therefore, the deep learning model can be a useful and reliable method for effective screening and classification of the degree of tracheal collapse based on routine lateral cervicothoracic radiographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"679-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Birckhead, David Jenkins, Shokoofeh Shamsi, Richard Malik, Ann Carstens
{"title":"Intranasal Linguatula serrata (tongue worm) in canids and vulpids can be detected using computed tomography.","authors":"Alice Birckhead, David Jenkins, Shokoofeh Shamsi, Richard Malik, Ann Carstens","doi":"10.1111/vru.13428","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linguatula serrata (\"tongue worm\") is a zoonotic intranasal parasite found globally in wild dogs, free-ranging dogs, some domestic dogs, and vulpids. Since there are no sensitive tests currently available, infections are underdiagnosed. This is a pilot observational prospective study aimed at determining whether nasal linguatulosis can be diagnosed using CT. The secondary aims were to evaluate radiography, rhinoscopy, and nasal egg swabs as methods in the diagnosis of tongue worms. Fifty-four wild canids and three vulpids euthanased by gunshot were sourced from pest-control officers. Cadaver heads were subjected to helical CT examination, nasal-swabbed for tongue worm eggs, and necropsied. Radiographs and rhinoscopy were performed on cadavers suspected to be infected based on preliminary CT examination. Tongue worms were retrieved at necropsy in 25 dogs and one fox. CT findings in animals with no nasal cavity ballistic damage were reviewed in six infected dogs and one infected fox. Adult female tongue worms were identified in 4 of 6 dogs and 1 of 1 fox as long, tubular, slightly heterogeneously attenuating structures in the mid to caudal nasal cavities. They were not clearly visible in CT scans when surrounded by nasal fluid, and small parasites (male and immature females) were not discernible. Radiographic findings were mild and nonspecific. One tongue worm was detected in 1 of 12 dogs examined rhinoscopically. Tongue worm eggs were found in swabs from 7 of 25 dogs. While small tongue worms could not be detected with CT, CT proved to be a useful diagnostic method for visualizing adult female tongue worms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"793-803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of cardiac gated computed tomography in the diagnosis of a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly in an adult alpaca.","authors":"Zoe Friel, Devon England, Christiane Loehr, Lauren Newsom","doi":"10.1111/vru.13424","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.13424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 5-year-old female alpaca was presented with respiratory distress and lethargy. Thoracic radiographs revealed a cranioventrally distributed alveolar pattern, caudodorsal bronchial pattern, cardiomegaly, increased soft tissue opaque content in the ventral thorax, and rounded soft tissue opaque structures craniodorsal to the carina. Cardiac gated CT demonstrated a patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, complete left atrioventricular valve atresia, partial anomalous venous connections from the cranial pulmonary veins to the azygous and cranial vena cava, severe right-sided cardiomegaly, pleural and peritoneal fluid, and severe hepatic congestion. These findings were confirmed with necropsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"804-809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}