Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Application of Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Canine Stifle Joint in Healthy Beagles: Achieving Enhanced Image Quality With Reduced Slice Thickness.","authors":"Wooseok Jin, Daji Noh, Kazutaka Yamada, Sang-Kwon Lee, Sooyoung Choi, Kija Lee","doi":"10.1111/vru.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stifle joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable modality for diagnosing stifle joint disorders. In veterinary practice, reducing slice thickness is crucial for the detailed assessment of intra-articular structures. Recent advancements in deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) have overcome the conventional trade-off between spatial resolution and noise, mitigating image quality degradation in thin-slice MRI. We hypothesized that DLR-applied stifle joint MRI could surpass conventional MRI in terms of diagnostic performance, especially with reduced slice thicknesses. This prospective, comparative pilot study compared conventional versus DLR-applied stifle joint MRI data of eight healthy beagle dogs by using sagittal T2-weighted fat saturation (T2W_FS) and proton density-weighted fat saturation (PDW_FS) sequences. The following groups were formed on the basis of slice thickness: conventional 2 mm group (₂CON) and DLR-applied 2, 1.5, and 1 mm groups (₂DLR, _1.5DLR, and ₁DLR, respectively). Quantitative analysis assessed the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio, whereas qualitative analysis evaluated the structural visibility of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL), meniscus, and bone; perceived SNR; and overall image quality using a four-point Likert scale. In both T2W_FS and PDW_FS sequences, ₂DLR, _1.5DLR, and ₁DLR exhibited a significantly higher SNR than ₂CON. Moreover, in both T2W_FS and PDW_FS sequences, the DLR groups scored significantly higher than ₂CON for all qualitative indices. Notably, ₁DLR exhibited the highest CCL visibility, followed by _1.5DLR and ₂DLR. In conclusion, DLR-applied stifle joint MRI can reduce slice thickness and enhance image quality and anatomical delineation, potentially increasing the diagnostic accuracy of stifle joint disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Radiopacity of Medication in Veterinary Medicine.","authors":"Eleonora D'Incecco, Anna M Adrian, Conor Rowan","doi":"10.1111/vru.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) visibility of human medications has been widely studied; however, equivalent data for veterinary medications remain limited. This study evaluated the radiographic visibility, dissolution characteristics, and CT features of commonly used veterinary and some human medications using a standardized water model. Seventy-five medications were assessed for radiopacity prior to submersion, immediately after submersion, after 30 min, and after 1 h. All medications were visible without water. More than half (54.6%) remained identifiable immediately after submersion, decreasing to 13.3% after 30 min and to 6.6% after 1 h. The gastrointestinal complementary feed, vitamin B12, potassium chloride, and carprofen retained visibility throughout the experiment. Tablet area and height varied widely and demonstrated a weak positive correlation with visibility only after 60 min of submersion. Higher Hounsfield units (HU) values were moderately correlated with visibility at baseline, with the strength of this association decreasing over time as dissolution progressed. This study suggests radiography may be of limited use for the identification of ingested medication and provides images and HU values as a reference for clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13355124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Addition of a 3D Balanced Steady-State Free Precession Pulse Sequence Improves Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identification of Certain Canine Cranial Nerves.","authors":"Rachel Durrwachter, Wilfried Mai, Alessia Cordella, Jennifer Reetz, Matthew Paek","doi":"10.1111/vru.70204","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In people, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high-resolution, high T2-weighted (T2w) contrast-balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) pulse sequences and 3D fast spoiled gradient-echo (FSPGR) pulse sequences can improve visualization of cranial nerves (CNs) and associated osseous foramina. This prospective, observational study aimed to determine whether the addition of b-SSFP and FSPGR sequences improves confidence in the identification of canine CNs compared to the standard imaging protocol at 1.5 T. The head of 10 canine cadavers was imaged, including transverse T1-weighted (T1w) and T2w fast spin echo (FSE); sagittal T2w FSE; 3D Fast Imaging Employing Steady-State Acquisition with Cycling (FIESTA-C); and 3D Liver Acquisition with Volume Acceleration (LAVA). Board-certified radiologists rated their confidence in identifying CNs II-XII using a four-point scale. Observers evaluated standard sequences alone, then with the addition of transverse FIESTA-C, and finally with the inclusion of FIESTA-C and transverse LAVA. Scores between protocols were compared with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Interobserver agreement was measured with weighted kappa. Median score increased when adding FIESTA-C for all observers for nerves VII, VIII, IX, and X, and for two observers for nerves III and XI. Matched-pairs comparison revealed significant differences for nerves VII and VIII for all observers, and for nerves III, IX, X, XI, and XII for two observers. Further addition of LAVA generally did not improve confidence. Interobserver agreement was overall moderate to substantial, but slight to fair for some nerves and pulse sequences. Addition of a 3D b-SSFP sequence may improve identification of some CNs, especially VII and VIII, which are somewhat commonly affected by middle ear pathology in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Cortical Thickness and Derived Ratios as Superior Ultrasonographic Markers for Detecting Feline Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Run Sakulsirajit, Tanya Kasemsuwan, Phasamon Saisawart, Somchin Sutthigran, Apisit Wanglerm, Siri Kornpiboonpong, Nan Choisunirachon, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat","doi":"10.1111/vru.70214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases in cats, and detection of CKD is essential for its management. The objectives of this study are to compare ultrasonographic renal parameters between clinically healthy cats and those with CKD; to evaluate the correlations between ultrasonographic renal parameters and renal biomarkers, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), age, sex, and body weight; and determine the diagnostic cutoff values. Sixty cats (30 clinically healthy and 30 cats with CKD) were engaged. Cross-sectional and observational studies were conducted. Ultrasonographic parameters including renal cortical thickness (RCT), medullary thickness (MT), renal length (RL), abdominal aorta diameter (Ao) and their ratios (RCT/Ao, RCT/MT, RCT/RL, MT/Ao, RL/Ao) were evaluated. Correlations with BUN, Cr, SDMA, and demographic data were analyzed. The cutoff values were calculated. The results show that RCT, RCT/Ao, RCT/MT, and RCT/RL were significantly lower in CKD cats, especially on the transverse plane (p < 0.001). The MT and MT/Ao ratios were significantly lower on only the dorsal plane (p = 0.0009 and 0.022, respectively). RL was significantly lower in cats with CKD (p = 0.03). RCT and its ratios showed stronger negative correlations with BUN, Cr, and SDMA than with MT or RL. Age, body weight, and sex are not influece to ultrasonographic parameters. Diagnostic performance in CKD classification of RCT and its ratios were significantly higher than MT, MT/Ao, RL and RL/Ao. In conclusion, RCT and its derived ratios are promising key ultrasonographic parameters in the clinical evaluation and monitoring of feline CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic Measurement of Kidney-to-Aorta Parameters in French Bulldogs.","authors":"Elsa Penel, Maxime Cambournac, Eymeric Gomes","doi":"10.1111/vru.70224","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasonographic kidney size assessment requires normalization to body size; the kidney length-to-aorta diameter (KL/AoD) ratio improves diagnostic accuracy, yet reference ranges vary across breeds. This study aimed to establish KL/AoD reference values in French Bulldogs and assess the effects of sex, age, body weight, kidney side, and aortic scanning plane. Fifty healthy French Bulldogs were examined. KLs were measured in the sagittal plane, and aortic diameters were recorded just caudal to the left renal artery in longitudinal (AoDL) and transverse (AoDT) planes. Each measurement was taken thrice by a single operator. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed reproducibility; statistical analyses evaluated potential influencing factors (p < 0.05). ICC values ranged from 0.88 to 0.96, indicating excellent reliability. Mean LKL was 5.06 ± 0.44 cm, and RKL was 5.05 ± 0.44 cm. Mean AoDL was 0.70 ± 0.08 cm, significantly different from AoDT (0.75 ± 0.10 cm). No significant side difference was observed (p > 0.61); data from both kidneys were pooled. Sex significantly influenced all parameters (p < 0.001). Reference intervals, established using the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) robust method, were KL/AoDL 6.30-8.33 (males: 6.43-8.38; females: 5.97-7.91) and KL/AoDT 5.59-7.92 (males: 5.75-7.97; females: 4.96-7.65). Breed-specific reference intervals were established using the ASVCP robust method, with sex-specific values for KL/AoDL (males: 6.43-8.38; females: 5.97-7.91) and KL/AoDT (males: 5.75-7.97; females: 4.96-7.65), emphasizing the need to account for breed, sex, and aortic scanning plane in ultrasonographic assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction Improves Image Quality in Canine Cranial Abdominal MRI: A Prospective Pilot Study.","authors":"Hyemin Na, Sang-Kwon Lee, Hojung Choi, Youngwon Lee, Kazutaka Yamada, Kija Lee","doi":"10.1111/vru.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been recently introduced in human and veterinary medicine to improve image quality without prolonging acquisition time. We hypothesized that cranial abdominal MRI with DLR would have superior image quality than conventional MRI. This prospective comparative pilot study aimed to compare cranial abdominal MR image quality with versus without DLR application in dogs. Transverse T2-weighted and T1-weighted images with and without contrast enhancement of the cranial abdomen region were performed in 10 clinically healthy dogs. The original and DLR images were generated from a single set of raw data using the DLR network embedded reconstruction pathway. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis included evaluation of the edge sharpness of the liver and pancreas, the conspicuity of the adrenal glands, respiratory motion artifacts, coarseness, and overall image quality using a 4-point scale. Quantitative and qualitative values were compared between images with DLR and their counterparts. The mean SNR and CNR of all images with DLR were significantly higher than those of their counterparts (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis parameters, except for respiratory motion artifacts, were significantly superior in images with DLR compared with counterparts for all sequences (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that cranial abdominal MRI with DLR is feasible to improve image quality without prolonging acquisition time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13355138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Perfusion in Healthy Horses: A Feasibility Study With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.","authors":"Diana Villa Verde Salazar, Marília Alves Ferreira, Pedro Henrique Salles Brito, Ricardo Andrés Ramirez Uscategui, Anna Carolina Mazeto Ercolin, Gabriela Castro Lopes Evangelista, Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires, Luciano Andrade Silva, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano","doi":"10.1111/vru.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for evaluating renal perfusion in horses and compared perfusion parameters between age groups. In a prospective study, eight healthy horses were divided into young (3-5 years, n = 4) and old (16-17 years, n = 4) groups. All animals underwent B-mode, Doppler ultrasonography, and CEUS of the right kidney after an intravenous bolus of SonoVue (0.02 mL/kg). Qualitative analysis assessed contrast kinetics, whereas quantitative parameters (peak intensity, time to peak [TP], area under the curve, and wash-out time) were obtained from time-intensity curves in the renal cortex and medulla. The technique was safely performed in all horses, and the 0.02 mL/kg dose proved optimal for achieving adequate renal enhancement and consistent quantitative measurements. Quantitative analysis revealed a significantly longer TP in the renal cortex of older horses compared to young ones (p = 0.03), suggesting an age-related reduction in perfusion velocity. No other parameters showed significant differences. CEUS proved to be a feasible and safe method for assessing renal perfusion in horses. The prolonged cortical TP in older animals indicates that CEUS may be a sensitive tool for detecting early, subclinical perfusion changes associated with aging, warranting further investigation in horses with renal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Case Report of a Dog With Intracranial Granular Cell Tumor Treated With Stereotactic Radiotherapy.","authors":"Keiko Murakami, Nicholas J Rancilio, Tyler A Harm, Ariel S Nenninger, Susan E Hollman","doi":"10.1111/vru.70228","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 12-year-old male castrated Shih Tzu presented with a suspected intracranial granular cell tumor (GCT) in the left cerebrum. The clinical signs had resolved post stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of 3 consecutive days of 8 Gy, and serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed maximum 56.8% tumor volume reduction 9 months post SRT. Serial MRI showed progressive cerebral microbleeds. The patient neurologically declined 18 months after SRT and was euthanized. A full necropsy, cytologic, and histologic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of GCT. This is the first reported canine case with cytologically and histologically confirmed intracranial GCT treated with SRT with serial MRI at regular intervals following treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13383595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic and Radiographic Features of Mucormycosis Causing Generalized Lymphadenopathy and Cranioventral Pulmonary Masses in an Immunocompetent Cat.","authors":"Anna Vondra, Nadja Wolfer, Isabelle Rast, Alessandro Delaude","doi":"10.1111/vru.70201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 4-year-old domestic shorthair cat from Switzerland presented with seizures and peripheral lymphadenomegaly. Thoracic radiographs demonstrated cranioventral pulmonary masses and enlargement of the cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed generalized lymphadenopathy characterized by rounded, homogeneously hypoechoic lymph nodes with an effaced hilus. Imaging differentials included lymphoma, feline coronavirus-associated granulomatous disease, and other fungal infections; cytology and culture confirmed mucormycosis. The pulmonary masses and lymphadenomegaly initially responded to azole therapy; however, they later progressed despite further treatment, and the cat was humanely euthanized 8 months after diagnosis. This case highlights an atypical presentation of mucormycosis in an immunocompetent adult cat, with an unusual lesion distribution localized within the lymphatic system, respiratory system, and suspected central nervous system involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13355100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Positron Emission Tomography and Low-Field Standing Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Horses With Forelimb Lameness Localized to the Foot.","authors":"Maureen E Kelleher, Stacie Aarsvold, Sergey I Anishchenko, Yevgeniya Gokun, David Beylin, Xiaoping Zhu","doi":"10.1111/vru.70211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vru.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (LF-MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be obtained in the standing horse. There is potential for increased diagnostic capacity combining PET with MRI, given that PET assesses the metabolic activity of injured tissues, whereas MRI provides structural and functional details on both bone and soft tissue anatomy. This study aimed to describe 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG)-PET and 18-sodium fluoride (¹⁸F-NaF)-PET imaging of horses with forelimb lameness localized to the foot and compare PET with LF-MRI. Fourteen horses with lameness localized to the foot underwent standing MRI and PET with a dual-tracer protocol. MRI abnormalities and PET isotope uptake were subjectively graded. Weighted kappa statistics were used to compare the agreement between the ordinal grading of MRI and PET images. Maximum, minimum, and mean standard uptake values (SUV) were calculated at increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) regions. Metabolic volume (MV) within a cuboidal area of the IRU was calculated. No clinically significant kappa results were obtained comparing MRI to ¹⁸F-FDG-PET or ¹⁸F-NaF-PET. The mean SUV of background radiation was significantly lower than the mean SUV_max for subjectively mild and moderate-severe ¹⁸F-NaF-PET (p < 0.001). When comparing the SUV ratio for subjectively mild and moderate-severe groups, there was no significant difference between the two (p = 0.546). The major limitation of the study was the small population size. Low-field MRI may underrepresent bone remodeling and potentially misrepresent the source of lameness. We report various standardized uptake values and MVs for regions within the foot with IRU for ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹⁸F-NaF.</p>","PeriodicalId":23581,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","volume":"67 4","pages":"e70211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}