Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Diagnostic significance of perimetry and microperimetry in common retinal diseases].","authors":"H S Ismailova, V M Sheludchenko, A S Levkina, S Yusef, M A Karpilova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614203150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614203150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perimetry with assessment of the light sensitivity threshold and indices of its loss has wide use in ophthalmology. This review considers three diseases in which static perimetry and microperimetry are used and for which outcome data are available - age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and hypertensive retinopathy. Despite differing opinions on the feasibility of using perimetry in the early stages of these diseases, the obtained data differ from normal values. Microperimetry is more often performed in combination with optical coherence tomography of the retina. Since perimetry is a subjective assessment method, its findings should be verified with the data of local bioelectrical potential, or \"objective perimetry\".</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 3","pages":"50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Indentation in the assessment of biomechanical parameters of extraocular muscles].","authors":"S E Avetisov, A M Subbot, P N Ilina, K S Avetisov, A V Shitikova, S Jabri","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142041127","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2026142041127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes a technique for biomechanical testing of human extraocular muscle samples based on the principle of indentation. The technique involves both static and dynamic testing of tissue samples. The study determines a set of biomechanical parameters that characterize the viscoelastic properties and stiffness of various areas of muscle tissue. The obtained data can serve as a basis for establishing normative biomechanical parameters of human extraocular muscles, as well as for subsequent assessment of pathological changes in various forms of strabismus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"127-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy].","authors":"N V Fisenko, Yu Yusef, G A Osipyan, K S Avetisov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma20261420415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma20261420415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluated the results of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>The study group included 93 patients, 126 eyes (mean age 70.79±9.69 years), diagnosed with FECD. The control group included 20 patients, 20 eyes (mean age 72.85±6.33 years), without corneal pathology. Eyes in the study group were divided according to the stage of FECD (Volkov-Dronov classification) based on biomicroscopy and corneal endothelial microscopy (EM-4000, Tomey, Japan): stage I (31 eyes), stage II (14 eyes), stage III (65 eyes), stage IV (11 eyes), and stage V (5 eyes). Corneal OCT (RTVue-100, CAM-L, Optovue, USA) in horizontal (B-scan) and En Face (C-scan) modes with construction of 3D images was performed in all cases included in the study. Evaluation of OCT-images involved structural and morphometric analysis of corneal layers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Corneal OCT scans in stage I FECD showed increased optical density of Descemet membrane (DM) and an irregular endothelial contour. Stages II and III were characterized by increased DM thickness (23.00 [21.00; 26.36] and 26.48 [23.60; 29.50] <i>μ</i>m, respectively). In stages IV and V, DM had a linear structure, and its thickness corresponded to stage II (20.5 [19.25; 23.00] <i>μ</i>m), presumably due to fibrotic changes in the cornea. Progression of FECD (stages II, III, IV, and V) was characterized by increased corneal thickness and pathological involvement of the stroma (striae, lacunae, hyperreflective foci), epithelium (bullae, areas of increased optical density), and damage to Bowman membrane.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OCT allows detection of DM changes pathognomonic for FECD and assessment of secondary changes in the stroma, Bowman membrane, and epithelium. The obtained data can be used to determine the disease stage and choose the patient's treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Leber's hereditary optic nerve atrophy].","authors":"O I Orenburkina, M A Frolov, A E Babushkin, I V Vorobyeva, A M Frolov, D I Koshelev","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142041105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2026142041105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review is devoted to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a rare maternally inherited ophthalmic disorder presenting as optic nerve atrophy and associated with an unfavorable prognosis. LHON is the most common primary mitochondrial DNA disorder, and most patients (more than 90% of cases) carry one of three point mutations. The 11778G>A mutation in the <i>MT-ND4</i> gene is the most common worldwide and causes the most severe variant of the disease. LHON typically manifests as bilateral, painless, acute or subacute significant vision loss, most often in young men. Environmental factors play a crucial role in triggering LHON and determining its severity. A preliminary diagnosis is based on family history and the initial clinical presentation, whereas genetic testing establishes the definitive diagnosis. Given the availability of specific treatment for LHON, early diagnosis is crucial for ensuring therapeutic effectiveness. The only drug currently approved for the treatment of LHON is the antioxidant, synthetic coenzyme Q10 analogue idebenone. Among alternative therapeutic strategies, gene therapy is at the most advanced stage of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological features of primary glaucoma in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)].","authors":"E K Zakharova, T N Malishevskaya, I P Lutskan, S Yu Petrov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205173","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614205173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of primary glaucoma in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) over a 20-year period from 2005 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Based on annual statistical reports submitted by ophthalmologists from cities and districts of Yakutia, data from the Yakut Republican Ophthalmology Clinical Hospital, the Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expert Assessment for Yakutia, and the regional glaucoma patient registry, we conducted a comparative analysis of glaucoma prevalence and incidence by disease stage, gender, and age, as well as changes in glaucoma surgical activity and glaucoma-related disability over 20 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of glaucoma prevalence revealed a 56.01% increase in the overall glaucoma prevalence rate and a 45.1% increase in the incidence rate per 100.000 adults. The rate of persons newly recognized as disabled per 10.000 adults decreased by 16%. Indicators related to the organization of surgical care showed favorable trends: the number of laser procedures increased by 90.4%, the number of glaucoma surgeries by 21.3%, including procedures involving shunt and drainage device implantation by 46.6%, while surgical activity increased to 112.9%. The use of high-technology procedures increased more than 30-fold - from 15 surgeries in 2012 to 473 in 2024. Mobile ophthalmic care is being actively implemented in the form of off-site surgical teams and the establishment of interdistrict centers throughout Yakutia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increase in glaucoma prevalence in the Republic of Sakha is largely associated with population aging. Despite the progressive increase in both overall glaucoma prevalence and incidence during the study period, the rate of persons newly recognized as disabled decreased by 16%. This improvement was facilitated by new models of ophthalmic care delivery, mobile specialized teams, and increased surgical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The value of blue light reflectance analysis in the multimodal diagnosis of macular telangiectasia].","authors":"M L Santos, J Galvan, R L L Guerra","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614205164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differentiating idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MacTel type 1) from secondary macular telangiectasias remains challenging, and available diagnostic methods such as blue light reflectance (BLR) analysis are still underused. This study presents the case of a 80-year-old man with a visual acuity of 20/800 in the right eye (OD). Multimodal imaging revealed perifoveolar telangiectasias, diffuse loss of the foveal reflex, and hyporeflective intraretinal cystoid spaces consistent with edema. The patient received 18 intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents (aflibercept, faricimab), with improvement to 20/40 and subsequent stabilization at 20/50 OD. One year later he was diagnosed with intraretinal cavitations in the inner retinal layers, disorganization of the inner retinal layers, and formation of a lamellar macular hole. BLR analysis demonstrated hyperreflectivity along the temporal vascular arcades, indicating vascular sclerosis characteristic of a branch retinal vein occlusion in the past and increasing the likelihood of secondary macular telangiectasia. BLR analysis is a noninvasive and widely available method that can reveal perivascular changes not evident on color fundus photography or OCT, thereby refining the differential diagnosis and management of macular telangiectasias.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"64-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Refractive lens extraction with trifocal intraocular lens implantation in high myopia and myopic astigmatism].","authors":"S V Porada, A R Cucereavaia, A K Paduca","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614203145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614203145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In modern cataract surgery, the ophthalmologist aims not only to remove the lens but also to optimize the patient's refractive status. Refractive lens exchange allows correction of presbyopia and reduces spectacle dependence, particularly in patients with high myopia who are not suitable candidates for corneal procedures.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluated the postoperative outcomes of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) implantation for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study, conducted at the Eye Microsurgery Ophthalmological Center in Chișinău (January-December 2023), analyzed data from 40 patients (75 eyes) who underwent refractive lens exchange with trifocal IOL implantation (Alcon PanOptix/PanOptix Toric). The patients were selected according to specific criteria, and all underwent comprehensive preoperative assessment. Surgery was performed by phacoemulsification under local anesthesia, followed by postoperative care. The 1-month follow-up included measurement of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), and corrected intermediate visual acuity (CIVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients included in our study received two types of trifocal IOLs. Alcon IQ PanOptix IOLs were implanted in 81% of cases, and Alcon IQ PanOptix Toric IOLs - in 19%. After surgery, patients showed a substantial improvement in visual acuity: UDVA increased by 81%, UIVA - by 39%, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) - by 12%, and CDVA and corrected near visual acuity (CNVA) - by 2%. Peripheral retinal degeneration was the most common ocular pathology - 47% (35 eyes).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trifocal IOL implantation in high myopia with myopic astigmatism provides high visual acuity, spectacle independence, and requires careful preoperative assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 3","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of clinical and morphological tumor characteristics with the status of chromosomes 1, 3, and 8 in iris melanoma].","authors":"S V Saakyan, I V Svirina, A Yu Tsygankov, V I Loginov, A M Burdennyy","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614201128","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614201128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is only a limited number of studies devoted to the molecular genetic status of patients with iris melanoma.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in tumor tissue in patients with iris melanoma.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data from 140 patients with uveal melanoma (UM) treated between 2006 and 2023 were analyzed. Group A included 48 patients with iris melanoma, group B - 62 patients with iris melanoma with extension into the ciliary body. Group C (comparison group) consisted of 30 patients with choroidal melanoma treated in 2012. Subsequently, patients were divided into four subgroups according to chromosomal alterations. Additional subgroups with combinations of two or more aberrations were also identified. All tumors were histologically verified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The spindle cell tumor type was observed significantly more frequently in the 1p+8p subgroup (A) compared with the M3+1p subgroup (A) (<i>p</i><0.05), whereas the mixed cell type was more common in the M3+1p subgroup (A) than in the 1p+8p subgroup (A) (<i>p</i><0.05). A significant association was found between the frequency of partial monosomy of chromosome 3 and mixed cell and epithelioid cell tumor types (<i>p</i><0.05) in the partial M3 subgroup (C). In iris melanoma, deletion of the entire short arm of chromosome 1 was detected in 68.7% of cases and of chromosome 8 in 47.9%; in tumors with extension into the ciliary body, this was observed in 77.4% and 51.6% of cases, respectively, whereas in choroidal melanoma - in 30% and 20% of cases, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed for the first time that deletions of the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 8 are detected 2.5 times more frequently, and monosomy of chromosome 3 occurs 1.5 times less frequently in iris melanoma compared to choroidal melanoma. The revealed features confirm the more favorable biological behavior of iris melanomas compared to choroidal melanomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chronic conjunctivitis as an extragenital focus of genitourinary chlamydial infection].","authors":"E V Boiko, V E Karev, A L Pozniak, T R Akhmedzhanov, S N Sidorchuk","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614201195","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614201195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlamydial conjunctivitis accounts for 3 to 30% cases of conjunctivitis of various etiologies. In such patients, latent clinical manifestations do not correspond to morphological changes in the infected organs and tissues. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive examination of a patient with chronic chlamydial conjunctivitis in the setting of a disseminated form of chlamydial infection (DCI). Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for diagnostics. In addition, conjunctival biopsy specimens were obtained for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Chlamydiae were detected in the conjunctiva, in blood and in clinical materials from the urogenital tract using PCR and DIF. IHC analysis showed that <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> was detected to a lesser extent in conjunctival epithelial cells and to a greater extent in endothelial cells of the inner lining of capillaries, mainly in the deep sections. Conjunctival biopsy allows obtaining a pathomorphological picture of tissues infected with chlamydia, providing objective confirmation of the etiopathogenetic role of this pathogen in the development of chronic inflammatory processes in the conjunctiva. An important laboratory diagnostic criterion of DCI is the detection of chlamydiae in peripheral blood neutrophils, as well as in endothelial cells of conjunctival capillaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 1","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Outcomes of 3D culture of human lacrimal gland cells (pilot study)].","authors":"A M Subbot, E V Emets, T N Safonova, G V Zaitseva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614204119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614204119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study tested a method for 3D culture of human lacrimal gland (LG) cells with the formation of structures suitable for subsequent investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying its diseases.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Material for microbiological culture was obtained during a diagnostic biopsy performed as part of surgical correction of recurrent LG prolapse. No morphological changes were detected in the LG tissue. Cells were isolated from the tissue specimen by sequential mechanical and enzymatic dissociation. The resulting cell populations were separated by differential trypsinization. Spheroids were formed by embedding the cell suspension in a dome of concentrated Matrigel solution. Cell viability was assessed using double staining with calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer, and expression of specific markers (Muc5AC, Na/K-ATPase, panCK) was analyzed by immunocytochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A sufficient number of viable cells was cultured from the postoperative material to form spheroids in Matrigel. Spheroids derived from epithelial and fibroblast-like human LG cells were obtained and characterized. Epithelial cells expressed Muc5AC and Na/K-ATPase, while fibroblasts formed characteristic reticular structures in the matrix.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tested protocol allows for the formation of viable spheroid structures that retain the morphofunctional properties of native LG tissue. The developed <i>in vitro</i> model of the human LG can be used to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of its diseases, particularly chronic nonspecific dacryoadenitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}