{"title":"Establishment and characterization of a metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease model in the male Korean field mouse (<i>Apodemus peninsulae</i>): A comparison with the male C57BL/6J mouse.","authors":"Qing Zhang, Xiwen Zhang, Jialei He, Yanzun Li, Shiqi Qiao, Yan Gao, Jinping Hu, Yujing Feng, Bao Yuan, Jian Chen, Wenzhi Ren, Zhe Zhang, Yu Ding","doi":"10.1177/03009858261426545","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858261426545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an increasingly serious global health issue. The establishment of accurate animal models is crucial for elucidating its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Although mouse models are widely used in MASLD research, they exhibit significant differences from humans in metabolic traits and disease progression, limiting their ability to fully recapitulate key pathological features of MASLD. In this study, we established an MASLD model in <i>Apodemus peninsulae</i> using a high-fat diet (HFD) and compared it with the commonly used C57BL/6J mouse model. The results showed that <i>A. peninsulae</i> developed marked lipid metabolism disorders and liver function impairment as early as week 4 with an HFD intervention. Histological analysis revealed progressive steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, and early fibrosis from weeks 8 to 16, which was confirmed by oil red O, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius red staining. In contrast, pathological progression in C57Bl/6J mice was slower, with milder fibrosis. Immunolabeling and inflammatory cytokine expression further indicated a more intense inflammatory response in <i>A. peninsulae</i>. Overall, <i>A. peninsulae</i> offers advantages, such as rapid disease induction and stable phenotypes, making it a promising animal model for studying early-stage MASLD. Its shorter modeling period and more pronounced steatosis and liver injury suggest it more closely mimics the early pathological changes seen in human MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"947-964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary PathologyPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-05-12DOI: 10.1177/03009858261445994
Ozkan Yavas, Senem E Yavas, Gozde R Ozalp
{"title":"Changes in mast cell density, fibrosis, and immunohistochemical expression of tryptase, chymase, SCF, and PAR2 during regression of canine transmissible venereal tumors.","authors":"Ozkan Yavas, Senem E Yavas, Gozde R Ozalp","doi":"10.1177/03009858261445994","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858261445994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the density, subtypes, and potential functional roles of mast cells in canine transmissible venereal tumors (TVTs) during tumor progression (pretreatment) and regression following vincristine therapy. Biopsy samples were collected from dogs at 3 different time points: day 0 (n = 20), day 7 (n = 20), and day 14 (n = 10). Total mast cell counts were assessed using toluidine blue (TB) staining, while immunohistochemistry for chymase and tryptase was performed to classify mast cell subtypes. Masson's trichrome staining was used to evaluate the severity of fibrosis during regression. In addition, immunohistochemical expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) were examined to explore the possible roles of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment. In the late regression group (day 14), the number of TB-, tryptase-, and/or chymase-positive mast cells increased by 3.46, 2.49, and 3.4 times, respectively, compared with the progression group (day 0). In addition, the number of SCF-positive cells and the expression of PAR2 were 6- and 2.38-fold higher in the day 14 group compared with day 0, respectively. While mast cell accumulation is a known feature of various tumors, its precise role in tumor biology remains controversial. The findings of this study suggest a potential role of mast cells and their associated mediators in tumor regression and tissue remodeling processes of TVTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"825-836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary PathologyPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-04-22DOI: 10.1177/03009858261441526
Xoel Souto, Ana P Losada, Beatriz Pardo, Iris Martín, Roberto Bermúdez, María I Quiroga
{"title":"Epibiotic green alga (<i>Ulva</i> spp.) on the skin of turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) with chronic aeromoniasis.","authors":"Xoel Souto, Ana P Losada, Beatriz Pardo, Iris Martín, Roberto Bermúdez, María I Quiroga","doi":"10.1177/03009858261441526","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858261441526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic aeromoniasis in turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>), caused by <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>, provokes cutaneous lesions that occasionally expose dermal tubercles, which may act as unconventional ecological niches. A storm in February 2024 caused severe damage at a turbot farm in Galicia (Northwestern Spain), leaving various tanks uncovered and subsequently exposing fish with chronic aeromoniasis to several days of intense solar irradiation. Afterward, farm staff observed green tufts over the animals. Two affected turbots were submitted for necropsy. Morphological features identified the epibiont as the alga <i>Ulva</i> spp., covered by a biofilm containing <i>A. salmonicida</i> DNA (detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction). The algae did not trigger additional host responses beyond those induced by aeromoniasis, indicating true epibiosis rather than infection. However, algal colonization physically obstructs re-epithelialization and may prolong lesion chronicity, while the associated biofilm could serve as an environmental reservoir for the pathogen. This case illustrates how environmental disruptions can generate unexpected host-pathogen-epibiont interactions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>Ulva</i> epibiosis on fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"922-926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christiane V Löhr, Typhaine Lejeune, Lindsey A Smith, Judith Jayawickrama, Aleksandra U Zuraw
{"title":"Performance of a deep learning-based convolutional neural network for quantification of outer retina atrophy compared with in vivo imaging and manual histologic scoring.","authors":"Christiane V Löhr, Typhaine Lejeune, Lindsey A Smith, Judith Jayawickrama, Aleksandra U Zuraw","doi":"10.1177/03009858261472496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261472496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The efficacy of candidate drugs for neuroprotection is tested in rodent models of retinal atrophy where light-induced outer retinal atrophy (ORA) is quantified by manual or semi-automated measurements, analyses that are time-consuming and error-prone. We developed a quantitative, automated image analysis-based method of ORA assessment in whole-slide images (WSIs). A commercial, cloud-based, artificial intelligence image analysis platform (Aiforia) was used to train convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning models for semantic segmentation of retina and object counts of outer nuclear layer (ONL) nuclei. Model development was an iterative process of establishing and fine-tuning the ground truth (manual annotations), adding training annotations, and increasing the number of CNN training iterations. Inter-observer concordance yielded F1-scores exceeding 0.98 for retina area and 0.92 for ONL counts. Performance of the developed algorithm in comparison with manual annotations by individual validators yielded F1-scores between 0.89 and 0.95. Analysis of WSIs by the algorithm was completed 50× faster compared with manual analysis on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections; however, it required time to digitize the slides. Performance of the ORA quantification deep learning model is noninferior to that of current manual ORA scoring approaches and provides improved reproducibility and reduced time and cost of analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261472496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chi-Hsuan Sung, Paula R Giaretta, Josué Díaz-Delgado, Sara D Lawhon, Margaret Odom, Erin E Edwards, Brian F Porter
{"title":"Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the lungs of dogs with necrohemorrhagic pneumonia using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization.","authors":"Chi-Hsuan Sung, Paula R Giaretta, Josué Díaz-Delgado, Sara D Lawhon, Margaret Odom, Erin E Edwards, Brian F Porter","doi":"10.1177/03009858261480631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261480631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia caused by cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1-positive extraintestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC) is a rapidly fatal disease in dogs. Lung tissues from 6 client-owned dogs with culture-confirmed ExPEC pneumonia were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH). Both assays localized <i>E. coli</i> within pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and alveolar spaces. Notably, one case exhibited numerous filamentous <i>E. coli</i>, representing a stress-induced morphologic adaptation previously unreported in canine ExPEC pneumonia. Recognizing filamentous <i>E. coli</i> is diagnostically crucial to avoid misidentification as other Gram-negative bacteria. While FISH provided high specificity, IHC offered practical, rapid detection compatible with routine microscopy. Four dogs had recent exposures to high-density facilities (breeding, boarding, or training), suggesting possible environmental transmission. These findings expand the clinicopathologic spectrum of canine ExPEC pneumonia and demonstrate the value of integrating spatial techniques with traditional culture to improve diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261480631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Chien Kao, Yui H Kam, Cheng Zhang, Kate Marciano, Jera'lyne Hyland, Candice P Chu
{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based detection of small and intermediate-to-large lymphocytes for cytologic diagnosis of canine lymphoma.","authors":"Wei-Chien Kao, Yui H Kam, Cheng Zhang, Kate Marciano, Jera'lyne Hyland, Candice P Chu","doi":"10.1177/03009858261477051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261477051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphoma is a common cancer in dogs, which often presents as generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration is frequently used to investigate the cause of peripheral lymphadenopathy, and artificial intelligence technology could potentially assist in cytologic interpretation. In this study, YOLOv11, an open-source object detection algorithm, was evaluated for cell-level identification in canine lymph node cytology to diagnose lymphoma. Cytologic images were captured using 2 smartphones from 11 non-lymphoma and 34 intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphoma peripheral lymph node aspirates in dogs, confirmed by cytologic interpretation plus either flow cytometry or polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements. A total of 25,761 intact cells were annotated across 680 images. Models were trained and validated under 5 cross-device configurations, comparing a 4-label approach (small, intermediate, and large lymphocytes and neutrophils) and a 3-label approach that merged intermediate and large lymphocytes. At the cell level, combining intermediate and large lymphocytes improved cell-level classification. In the optimized configuration, the model achieved an average precision of 87.60%, an average recall of 84.71%, a mean average precision 50 (mAP50) of 89.33%, and an F1 score of 86.02% on the independent test set. At the aspirate level, the model achieved near-perfect performance and correctly inferred diagnoses in all test aspirates by assessing the proportions of intermediate-to-large lymphocytes. These findings demonstrate the potential feasibility of smartphone-based deep learning assistance for veterinary cytology and highlight the importance of prospective, workflow-integrated validation, including external validation, across a broader range of lymph node diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261477051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Tecilla, Edgar A Rios Piedra, Inês B Veiga, Kerstin Hahn, Pierre Maliver, Smadar Shiffman, Christy Chu, Jeff Eastham, Masaki Yamazaki, Shari Lau, Miriam Baca, Adeyemi O Adedeji, Reina N Fuji, Ruth Sullivan
{"title":"Immunohistochemistry-assisted deep learning for lineage identification in rat bone marrow from hematoxylin and eosin whole-slide images.","authors":"Marco Tecilla, Edgar A Rios Piedra, Inês B Veiga, Kerstin Hahn, Pierre Maliver, Smadar Shiffman, Christy Chu, Jeff Eastham, Masaki Yamazaki, Shari Lau, Miriam Baca, Adeyemi O Adedeji, Reina N Fuji, Ruth Sullivan","doi":"10.1177/03009858261477043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261477043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained bone marrow (BM) tissue sections in drug development toxicologic pathology studies is a key step in the in vivo safety assessment of new drug candidates. Routine histologic analysis provides critical information about the cellularity and tissue architecture of the BM but only limited insights into the cell lineages that comprise the hematopoietic tissue. The evaluation of BM cell types can be augmented by examining BM smear preparations or using immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling of histologic sections to identify lineages of interest; however, neither of these approaches is included in the standard assessment. In addition, manual evaluation is time-consuming, subject to inter-observer variability, and challenging due to the complexity of BM morphology and architecture. In this project, we developed a deep learning model to predict IHC labeling of BM cell lineages on HE-stained BM tissue sections. The model is trained on an immunohistochemistry-informed, HE-based ground truth for the sequential labeling of CD11b and myeloperoxidase markers and can predict cell segmentation mappings with over 69% agreement with the ground truth, using only HE slides as input. Furthermore, our method can discern cell population changes that reflect qualitative diagnoses identified by pathologists during routine slide interpretation. Our automated method holds promise for enhancing routine pathologist assessments of BM HE slides by extending the evaluation of hematopoietic cell lineages without the need to generate additional samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261477043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy in 3 tortoises.","authors":"Hayato Hamano, Kenichi Watanabe, Manabu Yamada, Ginga Ohashi, Yoshiyasu Kobayashi","doi":"10.1177/03009858261480629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261480629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy (CG) is a rare renal disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of type III collagen within glomeruli. This is the first study to report CG in 3 tortoises housed within the same facility. Histologic analyses revealed eosinophilic glomerular deposits, which had segmental positive immunolabeling with anti-type III collagen antibodies by immunohistochemistry. These deposits were observed in approximately 70% of glomeruli in case 1, 50% in case 2, and 95% in case 3. An ultrastructural examination confirmed that the deposits were comprised of irregularly arranged collagen fibrils with periodic transverse striations mixed with fibrils of a smaller diameter. Additionally, similar deposits were noted in the walls of arterioles in the spleen of case 3. Therefore, CG in tortoises may be a systemic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261480629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emiliano Sosa, Juan A García, Eleonora L Morrell, Evangelina Miqueo, Joaquín Barale, Andrea E Verna, Erika González Altamiranda, María A Fiorentino, María V Scioli, Dadín P Moore, Lucía M Campero, María G Cendoya, Germán J Cantón
{"title":"Pathological characterization of the main infectious bovine abortions in Argentina.","authors":"Emiliano Sosa, Juan A García, Eleonora L Morrell, Evangelina Miqueo, Joaquín Barale, Andrea E Verna, Erika González Altamiranda, María A Fiorentino, María V Scioli, Dadín P Moore, Lucía M Campero, María G Cendoya, Germán J Cantón","doi":"10.1177/03009858261472502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261472502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious abortion is a major cause of reproductive loss in cattle, yet the diagnosis remains challenging. In this study, we evaluated the gross and microscopic lesions of bovine fetuses aborted due to the main infectious agents in Argentina. Clear pathogen-specific patterns were identified. <i>Neospora caninum</i> was strongly associated with central nervous system (CNS) and cardiac inflammation, whereas <i>Campylobacter fetus</i> and <i>Brucella abortus</i> predominantly produced bronchointerstitial pneumonia. <i>Leptospira spp.</i> consistently affected hepatic and renal tissues and was associated with marked portal hepatitis and interstitial nephritis. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections resulted in mild multisystemic and nonspecific lesions. Lesion severity also differed by fetal age. <i>N. caninum</i> produced more severe CNS and cardiac inflammation in mid-gestation fetuses, and <i>C. fetus</i> induced more severe hepatic lesions during mid-gestation. Statistical analyses confirmed distinct organ tropisms and lesion profiles among pathogens, supporting their diagnostic relevance. Based on these findings, targeted sampling of CNS and heart (for <i>N. caninum</i>); lung (for <i>C. fetus</i> and <i>B. abortus</i>); liver and kidney (for <i>Leptospira spp.</i>); and heart, lung, and CNS (for BVDV) may improve diagnostic accuracy in abortion investigations. These findings provide robust criteria for differentiating major abortifacient agents in routine diagnostic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261472502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}