Veterinary Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The pathogenesis of West Nile virus-associated lymphohistiocytic proliferative cutaneous lesions of American alligators <i>(Alligator mississippiensis)</i>.","authors":"Ilaria M Piras, Javier G Nevarez, Lynn Stevenson, Frazer Bell, Georgios Ilia, Susan Peters, Deirdre Slawski, Pamela A Kelly","doi":"10.1177/03009858251317481","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251317481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Pix\" is one of the most common skin defects that reduce the quality of crocodilian leather. The name is derived from their resemblance to pit marks made by an ice pick. Histologically, each \"pix\" is associated with a focal dermal accumulation of immune cells, specifically lymphocytes and histiocytes. Consequently, these defects have been termed lymphohistiocytic proliferative cutaneous lesions (LPCLs). In farmed American alligators (<i>Alligator mississippiensis</i>), LPCLs have been associated with seropositivity against West Nile virus (WNV) and the presence of viral genome in the skin. Despite this association, the nature and pathogenesis of LPCLs remain unclear. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we unravel the microanatomy of LPCLs of alligators and localize WNV genome within the lesions. Our results show that LPCL lesions consist of de novo follicular aggregates of lymphocytes segregated into B- and T-cell zones, like tertiary lymphatic follicles of mammals and birds. Furthermore, the presence of WNV genome was highlighted by in situ hybridization in the macrophages of LPCLs, gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and the spleen. Our results suggest that LPCLs may form in American alligators' skin as part of a generalized lymphofollicular proliferation, likely as an immune response against WNV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathologic and genomic characterization of an outbreak of anthrax-like disease caused by <i>Bacillus tropicus</i> (formerly atypical <i>Bacillus cereus</i>) in red kangaroos (<i>Macropus rufus</i>).","authors":"Bianca Santana de Cecco, Naomi Grace Falconnier, Weiyi Chen, Yun Young Go, Laura Peak, Emi Sasaki, Christine Walsh, Maria S Mitchell, Mariano Carossino, Fabio Del Piero","doi":"10.1177/03009858241306399","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241306399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atypical <i>Bacillus cereus</i> strains (currently classified as <i>Bacillus tropicus</i>) capable of causing anthrax-like disease in humans and animals have emerged in the last 2 decades. These emerging strains are characterized by the acquisition of virulence plasmids pBCXO1 and pBC210, which are homologous to the pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>, the agent of anthrax. The aim of this study was to describe the gross, histologic, microbiologic, and molecular features of an outbreak of anthrax-like septicemia caused by <i>B. tropicus</i> in red kangaroos (<i>Macropus rufus</i>). Three red kangaroos from a wild animal preserve were found dead with no premonitory clinical signs. No changes in husbandry were reported prior to the outbreak. The peracute disease process was characterized by severe splenomegaly, associated with fibrinonecrotizing splenitis in all affected animals, in addition to segmental suppurative enteritis in 2 kangaroos and cutaneous excoriations, with underlying necrotizing cellulitis and lymphadenitis, in 1 kangaroo. Numerous intralesional, gram-positive and capsulated bacilli were identified as the formerly known <i>B. cereus</i> group via bacteriologic culture. Whole-genome sequencing from one of the bacterial isolates (designated 11844) revealed numerous anthrax-like virulence factors, including the pBCXO1 and pBC210 virulence plasmids. This isolate also had a close phylogenetic relationship with other <i>B. tropicus</i> strains carrying these virulence plasmids, including <i>B. tropicus</i> (formerly <i>B. cereus)</i> G9241. This is the first report of <i>B. tropicus</i> leading to anthrax-like disease in kangaroos. This disease form carries significant public health risks due to potential zoonotic transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":"62 3","pages":"332-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent modulation of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in C57BL/6J mice.","authors":"Luca Bertola, Giovanna Pepe, Arianna Dolce, Cristina Lecchi, Elena Monica Borroni, Benedetta Savino, Simone Canesi, Laura Sala, Pierangelo Moretti, Alessia Giordano, Lorenzo Ressel, Eugenio Scanziani, Elisabetta Vegeto, Camilla Recordati","doi":"10.1177/03009858241312606","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241312606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening condition, with a higher mortality rate in men than women and in which estrogens might play a protective role. This study aimed to investigate sex-dependent differences in a mouse model of caerulein-induced AP. Thirty-six C57BL/6J mice (19 females and 17 males) were treated intraperitoneally with phosphate-buffered saline or caerulein, and sacrificed 12 hours, 2 days, or 7 days after the last injection. Blood was collected for amylase, lipase, and glucose determination. Severity and extent of inflammation, apoptosis, and acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) in pancreatic tissue were scored histologically and total macrophages, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II+ cells, M2 macrophages, T and B cells, neutrophils, apoptosis, and ADM were marked immunohistochemically and quantified by digital image analysis. Serum amylase had a peak at 12 hours, without differences between the sexes. In females, pancreatitis reached a peak at 12 hours with a fast recovery while, in males, the peak was delayed to day 2 with residual apoptosis still present. Macrophages were the main inflammatory cell population, followed by T cells, B cells and neutrophils, without differences between sexes. In males, CD206+ cells and apoptosis were higher at both days 2 and 7, and cytokeratin-19+ (CK19+) ADM was higher at day 7 compared with females. The results of this study revealed a faster onset and resolution of caerulein-induced AP in female mice compared with male mice, supporting a sex-dependent modulation of acute pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"382-396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereological estimation of mean nuclear volume as a prognostic factor in canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors.","authors":"José Catarino, Ana Macara, André Barros, David Ramilo, Filipa Coelho, Joana Santos, Pedro Faísca","doi":"10.1177/03009858251315094","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251315094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classification schemes regarding canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors (csMCTs) remain elusive, lack consensus, and are prone to interobserver variability and bias. This observational study aimed to assess the reproducibility and the prognostic significance of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (<math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math>), a stereological estimation offering insights into nuclear size and its variability, in csMCTs. Thirty csMCTs were selected with information regarding outcome, and <math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> was estimated using the \"point-sampled intercept\" method. Interobserver and intraobserver <math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> reproducibility yielded concordance coefficients near or above 0.90. Regarding previously reported risk factors (pattern, mitotic count, and multinucleated cells), no statistically significant differences were identified between patterns and clinical outcome, nor between patterns and <math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math>; however, the infiltrative pattern was represented more in the poorer outcome group and had higher <math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> values. When comparing <math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> and clinical outcome, a statistically significant difference emerged. Cases with poorer outcomes had higher <math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> values (<math><mrow><mover><mi>x</mi><mo>~</mo></mover></mrow></math> = 192.9) than cases with more favorable outcomes (<math><mrow><mover><mi>x</mi><mo>~</mo></mover></mrow></math> = 120.5), and this association was statistically significant on both univariable and multivariable analyses. This study suggests that <math><mrow><mover><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> is highly reproducible and is associated with clinical outcome in csMCTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic mineralization and renal intratubular crystals associated with hard drinking water in guinea pigs.","authors":"Adem Milletsever, Ozlem Ozmen","doi":"10.1177/03009858241309405","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241309405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes cardiovascular and renal soft tissue mineralization and renal intratubular crystals in 13 out of 16 guinea pigs that were given very hard drinking water for 9 months. These animals, aged 14 to 20 months, were experimentally naïve. No clinical symptoms were observed, but 1 guinea pig was found dead in its cage. Necropsy did not reveal any gross findings; however, histologic examination revealed mineralization and crystal formations. Despite no known changes in the feed sourcing or formulation, the possibility that the incident was feed-related was considered. The most recent analysis of the feed obtained from the manufacturer during this period, which was conducted by an accredited laboratory authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, was appropriate. No similar lesions were reported at other centers using the same feed; however, drinking water analysis for total dissolved solids revealed extremely hard water, with elevated levels of calcium and calcium carbonate and low magnesium levels, due to a malfunctioning water treatment system. After installing a new system to balance calcium and magnesium, no new cases appeared over the next 2 years. It was determined that the mineralization and crystal formations were most likely caused by water hardness. This study demonstrates that mineralization typically attributed to feed in guinea pigs can also result from high calcium content in drinking water, highlighting the importance of water analysis in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"376-381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Astylus atromaculatus</i> (pollen beetle) gastrointestinal disease experimentally reproduced in sheep.","authors":"Carmen García Y Santos, Juan A García, Fernando Dutra, Juan M Livio, Ana Cecilia Corro, Germán Cantón, Jorge Escalona, Alejandra Capelli, Carolina Matto, Federico Giannitti, Francisco A Uzal","doi":"10.1177/03009858241309394","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241309394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intoxication of sheep and cattle by <i>Astylus atromaculatus</i> recently occurred in Uruguay and Argentina in association with severe drought. Although the disease was experimentally reproduced in sheep in the 1970s, there is limited information on clinical and pathologic findings of sheep experimentally intoxicated by this beetle. Here, we described the clinical, gross, and microscopic findings in 3 sheep orally dosed with <i>A. atromaculatus</i> (treatment group, TG) and in 2 control sheep (control group, CG) dosed with distilled water. Anorexia, lethargy, ruminal stasis, reluctance to move, prolonged recumbency, and bruxism were observed in the TG but not the CG sheep. Gross postmortem lesions were only observed in TG sheep and included fibrinonecrotizing enteritis affecting the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and multifocal hemorrhages in rumen, omasum, and abomasum. Microscopically, all 3 TG animals had multifocal necrosis in the small intestine; the lesions were most severe in the jejunum. Multifocal necrosis was seen in the mucosa of the rumen, omasum, and abomasum. No significant gross or microscopic abnormalities were observed in the 2 CG sheep. The study supports the role of <i>A. atromaculatus</i> in acute, fatal gastrointestinal disease like that previously described in experimental and spontaneous cases in sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"327-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in the lateral ventricle of <i>Ccdc85C</i> knockout rats.","authors":"Nure Jannat, Md Mehedi Hasan, Hisaki Tokuno, Miyuu Tanaka, Takeshi Izawa, Jyoji Yamate, Mitsuru Kuwamura","doi":"10.1177/03009858241312611","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241312611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Coiled-coil domain containing 85c</i> (<i>Ccdc85c</i>) is a causative gene for genetic hydrocephalus found in hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (<i>hhy</i>) mice. The <i>Ccdc85c</i> knockout (KO) rat has subcortical heterotopia with frequent brain hemorrhage as seen in <i>hhy</i> mice. In this study, we report aberrant alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in the wall of lateral ventricle of the <i>Ccdc85c</i> KO rats. The α-SMA-positive cells were distributed at the dorsal, medial, and lateral regions of the lateral ventricle of KO rats. The expression of α-SMA was first observed on postnatal day 20 (P20) and became noticeably stronger at P26 when hydrocephalus was prominent. Double immunofluorescence showed co-expression of α-SMA with nestin, vimentin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ventricular lining of KO rats. Therefore, we conclude that α-SMA-positive cells may represent an immature subpopulation of cells at adult age around the lateral ventricle of <i>Ccdc85c</i> KO rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"364-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three novel neoplasms in Nancy Ma's owl monkeys (<i>Aotus nancymaae</i>).","authors":"Rebecca L Bacon, Carolyn L Hodo, Stephanie J Buchl, Martha E Hensel","doi":"10.1177/03009858241300549","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241300549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neoplasms are only sporadically reported in New World primates and rarely in owl monkeys (<i>Aotus spp.</i>), specifically. Previous reports of neoplasms in owl monkeys are primarily restricted to lymphoma induced by <i>Herpesvirus saimiri</i> infection, although other tumors in the central nervous, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems have been sporadically reported. Herein, we describe 3 previously unreported neoplasms in owl monkeys (<i>Aotus nancymaae</i>) including a pericardial mesothelioma in a 6-year-old male, a nephroblastoma in a 2-year-old male, and a cervical neoplasm with characteristics of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in a 4-year-old female, all occurring in the same closed breeding colony at a research facility in central Texas. Reporting of spontaneously occurring neoplasms in research colony populations is important for identifying potential animal models of human diseases and for improving colony management and species health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"371-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image challenge in <i>Veterinary Pathology</i>, answers: Marsupial diseases.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03009858241312639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241312639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":"62 3","pages":"408-410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical changes in buffalo liver with cystic echinococcosis.","authors":"Humera Aslam, Hana Hussein M S Wardah, Kafil Akhtar, Sayeedul Hasan Arif, Malik Irshadullah","doi":"10.1177/03009858241309399","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241309399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to evaluate the histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical changes in buffalo livers with cystic echinococcosis. Noninfected and infected livers were collected from the freshly slaughtered buffalo at the Aligarh abattoir. Small pieces of both infected and noninfected livers (<i>n</i> = 5) were cut and processed for histologic and histochemical studies. Immunohistochemistry was performed using rabbit anti-CD3, CD19, and CD117 antibodies. The results revealed the presence of brood capsules and germinal and laminated membranes surrounded by a fibrous adventitial layer, followed by moderate and diffused infiltration of eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and marked focal infiltration of mast cells. The infected livers also had mild dilation of central veins and sinusoids, mild and focal necrosis of hepatic tissue, and congestion of central and portal veins. Periodic acid-Schiff reaction revealed marked glycogen depletion in the infected liver. Masson's trichrome stain showed marked deposition of collagen fibers in the portal area, adventitial layer, and between the hepatocytes compared with the noninfected liver, where deposition was found only in the portal area. The T-cell response was more pronounced than the B-cell response in infected liver. Thus, it can be concluded that hydatid cyst infection causes several pathological and biochemical changes and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the infected livers, suggesting the involvement of nonspecific immune responses against hydatid cysts. The T-cell response was more pronounced than B-cells, indicating the involvement of cell-mediated immunity against cystic echinococcosis. These findings may help to understand the local immune responses to cystic echinococcosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"319-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}