Veterinary Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Ring hemorrhages in the central nervous system of severely anemic cynomolgus monkeys.","authors":"Barbara Lenz, Martina Stirn, Elke-Astrid Atzpodien, Annamaria Braendli-Baiocco, Anna Maria Giusti, Kerstin Hahn, Vanessa Schumacher","doi":"10.1177/03009858251343012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251343012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ring hemorrhages are characteristic ring-shaped lesions in the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS) surrounding small blood vessels and are typically reported to occur in white matter of the brain. In humans, they are seen in various diseases, including pernicious anemia, cerebral fat embolism, and cerebral malaria. Ring hemorrhages are also sporadically seen in the CNS of animals and have been previously reported in 4 nonhuman primate (NHP) species with various forms of anemia. Here we present the results of 4 preclinical toxicity studies testing 4 drug candidates of different modalities, targets, mechanisms of action, and indications in NHPs (cynomolgus monkeys). Within each study, ring hemorrhages were observed associated with severe anemia in affected animals and were in line with those previously reported. They occurred in gray matter and occasionally white matter of the brain and spinal cord; in the brain, the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum were particularly affected. Lesions comprised a central eosinophilic core, sometimes with small blood vessels or eosinophilic to slightly basophilic amorphous material in the center, surrounded by red blood cells and/or microglial cells or microglia aggregates. Fibrin staining confirmed the presence of fibrin in the central core. No commonality in type/cause of anemia was noted; in one study, the anemia was considered a spontaneous (non-treatment-related) finding. A thorough examination of the brain is therefore recommended in the presence of anemic conditions in animals. Pathologists should be aware of this finding and its relationship with anemia when assessing associations with diseases or drug candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251343012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poxvirus pathology and pathogenesis in agriculturally important species.","authors":"Amy L MacNeill, Juan Francisco Micheloud, Rokshana Parvin, Mona Gjessing, Niina A Airas, Fabiano José Ferreira de Sant'Ana, Mikolaj Adamek","doi":"10.1177/03009858251338854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251338854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoonotic poxviruses, including monkeypox virus (MPV), the causative agent for Mpox disease, have gained significant media and scientific attention due to recent outbreaks in human populations across the globe. The increase in human cases of poxvirus infection is not unexpected, as routine vaccination against smallpox (a disease caused by the poxvirus variola virus, which cross protects against other orthopoxviruses) was discontinued in the 1980s after its eradication. Large numbers of vertebrate and invertebrate species are susceptible to infection by <i>Poxviridae</i>. Clinical signs and histologic lesions caused by genetically different poxviruses can be strikingly similar with some notable exceptions (eg, poxviral infections in fish). The purpose of this article is to review poxvirus pathology and pathogenesis observed in species of agricultural significance including poultry, cattle, goats, sheep, camels, swine, rabbits, horses, salmon, and carp.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251338854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute myeloid leukemia in a genetically related captive population of axolotls (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>).","authors":"Ming Lo, Peres R Badial, Peter M DiGeronimo, Eric M Littman, Nicolette Aquilino, Tracy Stokol, Nicole I Stacy, Robert J Ossiboff","doi":"10.1177/03009858251341540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251341540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axolotls (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) are critically endangered paedomorphic salamanders with remarkable regenerative capacity. While nearly extinct in the wild, they are commonly maintained in captivity as companion animals, zoological display animals, and biomedical research colonies, where they serve as an animal model for genetics, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. This report documents a case series of spontaneous myeloid leukemia in genetically related, co-housed adult axolotls in a zoological collection that resulted in 50% overall mortality over 38 months. Affected axolotls exhibited a range of signs, including generalized edema, hydrocoelom, long-term wasting, and sudden death. The most common gross lesions were splenomegaly (5/10) and hepatomegaly (4/10). Microscopically, widespread intravascular neoplasia, consisting of large round cells, was consistently observed (10/10). Neoplastic cells infiltrated and effaced the parenchyma of numerous visceral organs, particularly the spleen and liver. Cytochemical staining of neoplastic cells in blood smears showed strong positive cytoplasmic reactivity for α-naphthyl butyrate esterase and α-chloroacetate esterase and weak staining with periodic-acid Schiff. In tissues, neoplastic cells did not react with Sudan black B and did not express CD3 or ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1). The morphologic features of the cells and phenotyping tests supported acute myeloid leukemia. This report represents the first documentation of acute myeloid leukemia in caudates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251341540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune cell analysis in equine penile papilloma, in situ squamous cell carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma: FoxP3+ T regulatory lymphocytes differ according to equine papillomavirus 2 status.","authors":"Bacci B, Martinoli G, Gallina L, Avallone G, Brunetti B, Franceschini T, Grillini A, De Biase D, Kapetanou A, Tura G, Sarli G, Balboni A, Fiorentino M, Ressel L","doi":"10.1177/03009858251341544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251341544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine penile tumors are common in horses and are often related to infection with equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2). This study investigated the immune cell infiltrate (ICI) of these tumors in horses, focusing on the role of EcPV2. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for CD3, CD20, and IBA-1 and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for FoxP3, 27 horses with papillomas (5/27), in situ carcinomas (CISs) (3/27), and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (19/27) were evaluated. Eighteen cases tested positive for EcPV2 by either or both in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (18/27 by PCR, of which 16 were ISH+). The ICIs were more abundant in EcPV2-positive tumors, although differences were not statistically significant. The number of FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells was significantly higher in EcPV2+ tumors, both in intraepithelial and stromal compartments. There were higher IBA-1+ macrophage densities in SCCs than in papillomas or CISs. p53 IHC was performed, and non-basal positivity was associated with malignancy. The <i>TP53</i> mutational analysis with next-generation sequencing revealed that 13/21 cases had a wild-type <i>TP53</i>, while <i>TP53</i> variants were detected in 4/21 cases. The ICIs did not vary according to <i>TP53</i> status. Tumor proliferation was also assessed with Ki67, which indicated progressively higher proliferation from benign to malignant tumors. In conclusion, although the number and distribution of B-cells, T-cells, and macrophages did not vary according to EcPV2 status, FoxP3 regulatory T-cells were observed in significantly higher numbers in EcPV2+ neoplasms, indicating a different immune landscape compared to EcPV2-negative tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251341544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural language processing in veterinary pathology: A commentary on opportunities, challenges, and future directions.","authors":"Lev Stimmer, Raoul V Kuiper, Laura Polledo, Lorenzo Ressel, Josep M Monné Rodriguez, Inês B Veiga, Jonathan Williams, Vanessa Herder","doi":"10.1177/03009858251343215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251343215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251343215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology of ruminal acidosis in cattle.","authors":"Nicolás Streitenberger, Rearte Ramiro, Mauricio A Navarro, Javier Asin, Eileen Henderson, Omar Gonzales-Viera, Asli Mete, Emma H Torii, Francisco A Uzal","doi":"10.1177/03009858251339889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251339889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rumen acidosis (RA) is one of the most prevalent alimentary diseases of ruminants and is caused by excessive fermentation of feedstuff in the reticulorumen. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the microscopic lesions of acute and subacute cases of RA in cattle older than 6 months. Fifty-two RA cases with rumen fluid pH ≤5.5 at the time of necropsy were selected. Cases were classified as acute or subacute RA based on their clinical histories; 7 animals were included as controls. In rumen histologic sections, the number, length, and width of ruminal papillae and the thickness of the mucosal epithelium and stratum corneum were measured. Univariable linear mixed models were used to compare groups. Eleven of 28 acute cases (39%) had small (<150 µm in diameter) pustules within the ruminal epithelium. Histomorphometry of acute cases differed from control cases only by shorter ruminal papillae, highlighting the scant morphologic changes in this group. In cases of subacute RA (n = 24), the rumen papillae were shorter and wider than in control animals, and there was epithelial hyperplasia, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, and, in 19/24 cases (79%), there were numerous intraepithelial pustules (150-500 µm in diameter). There was a higher number of ruminal papillae in subacute RA cases when compared with acute RA cases. Subacute RA cases had wider rumen papillae and thicker epithelium than acute RA cases. Our study highlights the distinctive lesions and histomorphometry of the rumen in cattle with acute and subacute RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251339889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory myopathy and myocarditis are relevant complications of natural feline immunodeficiency virus infection.","authors":"Francesco Prisco, Emanuela Vaccaro, Lorena Cardillo, Giovanna Fusco, Serenella Papparella, Pasquale Santoro, Sonja Fonfara, Anja Kipar, Orlando Paciello","doi":"10.1177/03009858251338849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251338849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory myopathy (IM) and myocarditis are relevant complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. IM has also been reported in adult cats with experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection. The present study investigated naturally FIV-infected cats for IM and myocarditis and further characterized the inflammatory processes and their potential pathogenesis. Snap-frozen skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris (QF) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles) and myocardial samples from naturally FIV-infected cats and controls were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for leukocytes and FIV-p24-gag, and by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) for the relative transcription of inflammatory mediators. Sera from FIV antibody-positive cats were tested for anti-skeletal muscle autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Inflammatory infiltrates were observed in 9/31 (35%) QF and TB muscles and 11/30 (37%) myocardial samples from FIV-infected cats, frequently in combination. The infiltrates were dominated by T-cells, with rare B-cells and macrophages; several leukocytes harbored FIV-p24-gag. The T-cell count in the QF was positively correlated with the T-cell count in TB and myocardium. Skeletal muscle of FIV-positive animals showed significantly higher transcription of <i>interferon-gamma</i>, <i>tumor necrosis factor-alpha</i>, <i>interleukin (IL)-17</i>, and <i>transforming growth factor-beta</i> than the controls, whereas the myocardium exhibited significantly higher <i>IL-17</i> and lower <i>IL-13</i> mRNA levels. IIF showed anti-skeletal muscle autoantibodies in sera of FIV positive cats up to a dilution of 1:1000. The results show that natural FIV infection is frequently associated with IM and myocarditis and driven by T-cells, with Th1/Th17 polarization of the response. The presence of circulating anti-muscle autoantibodies suggests an underlying autoimmune pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251338849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary lesions in Virginia opossums (<i>Didelphis virginiana</i>): Characterizing fungal pneumonia associated with <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i>.","authors":"Naomi Falconnier, Mark A Mitchell, Fabio Del Piero, Jeongha Lee, Emi Sasaki, William Holl, Cesar Menk, Matías A Dorsch, Luis Tondo, Christine Walsh, Ingeborg M Langohr, Bianca de Cecco, Mariano Carossino","doi":"10.1177/03009858251338845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251338845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several pulmonary lesions have been described in Virginia opossums (<i>Didelphis virginiana</i>), but fungal pneumonia in this species is largely unrecognized. We retrospectively analyzed gross and histologic pulmonary findings in 28 opossums from Louisiana. Lung sections were evaluated for fungal organisms, associated histologic changes, and other concurrent pulmonary lesions. Seventy-five percent of opossums (21/28) had pulmonary fungal organisms, and gross lesions were characteristic, consisting of patchy to generalized, indistinct, pinpoint, light-yellow parenchymal foci. These areas corresponded to alveoli filled with foamy macrophages and multinucleated giant cells that contained distinctive intracytoplasmic budding cells, which were 3 to 5 × 2 µm, ovoid to elongate, and argyrophilic, as well as rare pleomorphic fungal hyphae. <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> was identified based on pulmonary fungal isolation and/or fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (<i>ITS-2</i>) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing in a subset of cases. Other findings included verminous pneumonia (13/28, 46%), pulmonary neoplasms (7/28, 25%), bacterial pneumonia (5/28, 18%), and endogenous lipid pneumonia (2/28, 7%). The histologic severity of fungal infections was significantly positively correlated with gross lesion severity and abundance of alveolar macrophages (<i>P</i>-values both < .0001). Identification of fungal pneumonia was as likely as verminous pneumonia, and fungal pneumonia was significantly more severe in opossums with concurrent verminous pneumonia (<i>P</i> = .0011). Despite the pulmonary changes, respiratory signs were rarely noted, even in severely affected cases. This is the first report associating <i>P. lilacinum</i> with fungal pneumonia in opossums from Louisiana. The characteristic gross and histologic lesions should prompt diagnosticians to closely evaluate for fungal organisms and consider <i>P. lilacinum</i> as a differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251338845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proliferation scores in canine anal sac adenocarcinomas: Ki67 global score is superior to Ki67 hotspot indices and mitotic count for prognosis.","authors":"Barbara Bacci, Barbara Brunetti, Giancarlo Avallone, Ambra Morisi, Ginevra Martinoli, Nicholas J Bacon","doi":"10.1177/03009858251338855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251338855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) is an aggressive malignancy with high metastatic potential. Histologic and proliferation parameters such as mitotic count and Ki67 scores have limited prognostic value according to the published literature. Using pathologist-supervised digital image analysis methods with the image analysis software QuPath, we analyzed 58 cases of ASAC to evaluate mitotic count (MC) and Ki67 indices, explore relationships between different Ki67 indices [semi-automatic Ki67 digital hotspot score (Ki67-saHDS), Ki67 global digital score (Ki67-GDS), and fully automatic Ki67 digital hotspot score (Ki67-faHDS)] and MC, and to verify which method carries the most significant prognostic value. The MC did not impact median tumor-related survival (TRS) time. Although high correlation coefficients were observed between the 3 Ki67 scores, Ki67-GDS had more prognostic relevance than hotspot-based scores (Ki67-saHDS and Ki67-faHDS). Dogs with Ki67-GDS ≥ 26 had significantly shorter survival times (175, days 95%, confidence interval (95% CI) = 123-540) compared to dogs with Ki67-GDS< 26 (median survival time (MST) 650 days, 95% CI = 503->1579). No association was observed between TRS and Ki67-faHDS or Ki67-saHDS. On multivariate analysis, anisokaryosis and Ki67-GDS, but not tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, or MC, were independent prognostic markers for survival. These results demonstrate the advantage of Ki67 GDS over hotspot-based scores; however, these data need to be validated in a larger cohort of cases before clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251338855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline Hodgkin-like lymphoma: A morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular study.","authors":"Greta Foiani, Silvia Dell'Aere, Marta Vascellari, Francesca Tiracorrendo, Gabriele Ghisleni, Antonella Rigillo, Stefano Perfetto, Erica Melchiotti, Antonio Carminato, Gaia B M Bianchi, Paola Roccabianca","doi":"10.1177/03009858251338852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251338852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fourteen feline nodal lymphomas previously diagnosed as Hodgkin-like lymphoma (HLL) were studied through histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses to further characterize feline HLL. The cohort comprised 12 domestic shorthair and 2 Maine coon cats, with a male/female ratio of 1.3 and a median age of 9.5 years. Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells were observed in 14/14 HLLs, while a minority of cells resembling lymphocyte-predominant cells were observed in 5/14 (36%) cases. Neoplastic cells were embedded in a mixed reactive background mainly composed of T and B lymphocytes and histiocytes. Necrosis was present in 9/14 (64%) cases. Various percentages of neoplastic cells were positive for CD30, PAX5, and MUM1 in 14/14 cases and for CD20 in 12/14 (86%) cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR) by agarose gel electrophoresis identified clonal <i>immunoglobulin heavy chain</i> (<i>IGH</i>) in 9/14 (64%) cases, clonal <i>T-cell receptor-gamma</i> (<i>TRG</i>) rearrangements in 4/14 (29%) cases, and polyclonal <i>IGH</i> and <i>TRG</i> in 1 case. The predominance of Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells and a CD30+/PAX5+/MUM1+ immunophenotype were consistent findings in this case series and align with the human classic form of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). However, in contrast to the human tumor, most feline HLLs express CD20. Based on the human HL classification, feline HLLs were further categorized as lymphocyte-rich (6/14, 43%), mixed cellularity (4/14, 29%), nodular sclerosis (2/14, 14%), and lymphocyte-depleted (2/14, 14%). Feline HLL is a complex neoplasm that requires refinement of diagnostic criteria to improve classification and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858251338852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}