Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of Host Protein Prohibitin-2 Interacting With Cryptosporidium parvum Cyclophilin 23","authors":"Mengfei Xu,&nbsp;Qi Feng,&nbsp;Xichen Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Zhao,&nbsp;Qile Yu,&nbsp;Jianhua Li,&nbsp;Pengtao Gong,&nbsp;Xiaocen Wang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8933271","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/8933271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> is a prevalent protozoan pathogen responsible for moderate to severe diarrhea in humans and animals, posing a significant threat to global public health. Host–parasite interactions play a crucial role in the infection process of <i>C. parvum</i>. Cyclophilin 23 (CpCyP23), a secreted protein of <i>C. parvum</i>, is implicated in parasite development and pathogenicity. As a secretory protein, its function often relies on interactions with host cell proteins. However, it remains unclear whether CpCyP23 has host interaction partners and what specific roles such interactions play during infection. In this study, using CpCyP23 as bait, we screened for potential interacting proteins in HCT-8 cells through pull-down assays combined with mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The interaction was subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Immunofluorescence (IF) was employed to determine subcellular localization. Furthermore, after confirming the altered expression of the interacting protein during parasite infection, we analyzed its impact on parasite infection using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown and overexpression techniques, coupled with parasite infection assays. The results identified the host cell protein Prohibitin-2 (PHB2) as an interacting partner of CpCyP23. Co-IP and BiFC assays validated their interaction, and IF revealed their colocalization in the cytoplasm of HCT-8 cells. The mRNA level of PHB2 was significantly upregulated at 3 and 12 h postinfection (hpi) with <i>C. parvum</i>. Functional experiments further demonstrated that the expression level of PHB2 positively correlates with the infection burden of <i>C. parvum</i>. In summary, this study reveals an interaction between the host cell protein PHB2 and CpCyP23 and identifies PHB2 expression level as a key host factor significantly influencing <i>C. parvum</i> infection. These findings provide experimental evidence and a potential target for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of <i>C. parvum</i> and developing novel anti-infection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8933271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Characterization of Rodent Coronaviruses (RCoVs) in Thailand, 2024–2025","authors":"Chanakarn Nasamran,&nbsp;Supassama Chaiyawong,&nbsp;Supanat Boonyapisitsopa,&nbsp;Napawan Bunpapong,&nbsp;Kamonpan Charoenkul,&nbsp;Alongkorn Amonsin","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7053968","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/7053968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rodents are recognized as important reservoirs of coronaviruses, contributing to viral diversity and potential zoonotic emergence. However, data on rodent coronaviruses (RCoVs) in Thailand remained limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and phylogenetic relationships of RCoVs circulating in rodent populations across Thailand. A total of 435 rodents were captured in 26 provinces across five geographic regions of Thailand between January 2024 and April 2025. Paired oral and rectal swabs (<i>n</i> = 870) from 435 rodents were collected and screened for RCoVs using one-step RT-PCR targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. RCoVs were detected in 2.07% (9/435) of rodents or 1.15% (10/870) of swab samples, with higher detection in rectal swabs than oral swabs. All positive specimens were found exclusively in <i>Bandicota indica</i>. Of 10 positive swab samples, 5 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and the rest to RdRp gene sequencing (<i>n</i> = 5). Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses were performed to determine genetic relationships and potential host adaptation. Our results showed that all Thai RCoVs belonged to the genus <i>Betacoronavirus</i>, subgenus <i>Embecovirus</i>, species <i>Betacoronavirus muris</i>, and exhibited conserved genomic organization and clustering with previously reported RCoVs from Asia. Thai RCoVs showed high nucleotide identity (up to ~97%) with RCoVs from China, Thailand, and Vietnam, indicating regional circulation and shared evolutionary origins. Analysis of the spike (S) protein revealed conserved receptor-binding motifs associated with 9-O-acetylated sialic acid binding, alongside variability in key functional regions, including the S1/S2 cleavage site, suggesting adaptive evolution. In summary, this study demonstrated a low frequency of detection of genetically diverse RCoVs in three provinces of Thailand. RCoV genomic diversity and variability in S proteins warranted further investigation and underscored the importance of maintaining ongoing One Health surveillance to improve early detection and mitigate potential emerging coronavirus threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7053968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transboundary Spread and Ecological Drivers of HPAI H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b During the 2022–2023 Outbreak in Chile: An Integrated Genomic and Spatial Epidemiology Framework","authors":"Franco Vega-Macaya,&nbsp;Constanza Díaz-Gavidia,&nbsp;Fernanda Sánchez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Soledad Ruiz,&nbsp;Claudia Ávila,&nbsp;Mauro Arancibia,&nbsp;Joaquín Atavales,&nbsp;Paula Fierro,&nbsp;Antonia Albornoz,&nbsp;Magdalena Johow,&nbsp;Christian Mathieu,&nbsp;Paulina Suárez,&nbsp;Catalina Badía,&nbsp;Alexza Pezoa,&nbsp;Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm,&nbsp;Carolina Aguayo","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1266281","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/1266281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2022–2023 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Chile caused extensive mortality in wild birds, domestic poultry, and marine mammals, highlighting the rapid transboundary spread of this emerging pathogen in South America. However, the evolutionary and ecological processes shaping viral dissemination within Chile have remained insufficiently characterized. Here, we integrated whole-genome sequencing, Bayesian phylogeographic analyses, and ecological modeling to reconstruct introduction routes, diversification patterns, and environmental drivers of H5N1 circulation in Chile. All analyzed genomes belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.2. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple Chilean subclusters, including a lineage characterized by PB2 F323L and D740N substitutions and a single virus carrying the previously mammalian-associated PB2 D701N mutation. Phylogeographic inference identified strongly supported viral movements across South America, with Argentina acting as a major regional connector. Key diffusion pathways linked Peru to Chile and revealed extensive connectivity among Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, and the Falkland Islands, delineating three interacting transboundary transfer systems along the Pacific Coast, the Southern Cone, and the Southwest Atlantic. Within Chile, viral population structure reflected ecological segregation. Northern lineages were predominantly associated with coastal and raptor species, whereas southern lineages were mainly linked to freshwater birds. Ecological modeling showed that H5N1 detection probability in wild birds increased with temperature and relative humidity and decreased with human population density, with freshwater species exhibiting the highest infection probability. Together, these results demonstrate how integrating genomic and ecological data provides an integrated framework for risk-based surveillance and early warning, enabling the identification of high-risk host groups, environments, and transboundary corridors critical for anticipating and mitigating the regional spread of emerging avian influenza viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1266281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemic Patterns of Foot and Mouth Disease in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic","authors":"Ingrid Petersen,&nbsp;James R. Young,&nbsp;Syseng Khounsy,&nbsp;Phouvong Phommachanh,&nbsp;Peter Christensen,&nbsp;Watthana Theppangna,&nbsp;Tom Hughes,&nbsp;Stuart D. Blacksell,&nbsp;Michael P. Ward","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8673395","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/8673395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smallholder livestock farming underpins food security and rural livelihoods in Lao PDR, yet the sector is threatened by endemic infectious diseases such as foot and mouth disease (FMD). Despite significant vaccination campaigns, FMD continues to circulate widely, driven by systemic challenges including limited resources, under-reporting and unregulated animal movement. Previous studies have reported high prevalence and potential hotspots, but data remain fragmented and often exclude domestic pigs, a species that may play an important role in transmission dynamics. This study utilised abattoir-based surveillance and spatial analysis to estimate FMD antibody seroprevalence in cattle, buffalo and pigs across Laos, identify geographic hotspots and assess animal-level risk factors to inform more targeted and sustainable control strategies. This retrospective observational analysis used samples collected through the LACATH4 project (July 2021–May 2024). Blood samples were obtained from animals presented for slaughter and processed at the Veterinary One Health Reference Laboratory (VOHRL) in Vientiane. All sera were tested for FMD non-structural protein (NSP) antibodies using the ID Screen FMD NSP Competition ELISA to distinguish between infection-induced antibodies and vaccination responses. Overall, FMD antibody seroprevalence was 43% in cattle (<i>n</i> = 4587), 52% in buffalo (<i>n</i> = 3647) and 3% in pigs (<i>n</i> = 4759). Temporal patterns showed declining cattle seropositivity after 2021, increasing buffalo seropositivity in later years and a sharp rise among pigs in 2023. Female cattle and buffalo had higher odds of seropositivity than males, and pigs aged 7–12 months were more likely to test positive than younger animals. Vaccinated buffalo were more frequently seropositive, likely reflecting targeted vaccination in high-risk areas. Spatial analysis identified species-specific hotspots, consistent with FMD’s endemic status in Laos. As abattoir-based samples represent a subset of the livestock population and may be biased toward specific age and sex groups, these results should be interpreted with caution. However, they provide insight into patterns of FMD exposure over time and space among animals entering slaughter channels. FMD in Laos remains endemic with species-specific dynamics and localised hotspots, necessitating targeted surveillance and control strategies. This underscores the need for targeted vaccination and improved, population-level surveillance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8673395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Regional Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases in the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia: Four Decades of Diagnostics, Surveillance, Field Epidemiology, and Policy Translation","authors":"Stuart D. Blacksell,&nbsp;Peter A. Windsor,&nbsp;James R. Young,&nbsp;Syseng Khounsy,&nbsp;Phouvong Phommachanh,&nbsp;Russell D. Bush,&nbsp;Harish Tiwari,&nbsp;Jarunee Siengsanan-Lamont,&nbsp;Nina Matsumoto,&nbsp;Sothyra Tum,&nbsp;James V. Conlan,&nbsp;Somjai Kamolsiripichaiporn,&nbsp;Jaison B. Kolenchery,&nbsp;Laurence J. Gleeson,&nbsp;Michael P. Ward","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5796839","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/5796839","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transboundary animal and emerging infectious diseases (TADs, EIDs) threaten livestock health and production, food security, and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Southeast Asia (SEA). Outbreaks of TADs, including foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), and lumpy skin disease (LSD), highlight ongoing risks associated with informal animal movement and cross-border trade. We reviewed four decades of research from Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) to track the evolution of diagnostics, surveillance, and policies for these diseases. Incremental investments in laboratory diagnostics, epidemiology, abattoir surveillance, and field health measures were integrated into disease control strategies by adaptation to resource-limited, endemic settings and shaped by regional collaboration, notably through the SEA, China and Mongolia FMD (SEACFMD) campaign. Key achievements include establishing disease prevalence baselines, improving understanding of virus dynamics, identifying local disease risk factors, identifying veterinary service gaps, and rapidly increasing diagnostic and response capacity during outbreaks. Evidence from the studies reviewed suggests that integrating diagnostics with field surveillance, socioeconomic information, and regional coordination can provide actionable insights for disease control, although implementation and effectiveness have varied between diseases, countries, and time periods. This narrative review suggests that sustainable control requires long-term adaptive development of diagnostics, surveillance, and policy translation while recognising persistent heterogeneity in veterinary capacity, surveillance coverage, and biosecurity across the region. This review is based on a narrative synthesis of published literature, institutional reports, and programme experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5796839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Scutavirus testudinidalpha3 Infection in Captive Elongated Tortoises (Indotestudo elongata)","authors":"Han-Yang Wang,&nbsp;Shih-Hsuan Liu,&nbsp;Wei-Hsiang Huang,&nbsp;Hui-Wen Chang,&nbsp;Chain-Ren Jeng,&nbsp;Chiu-Hung Cheng,&nbsp;Pao-Jung Wang,&nbsp;Yen-Chen Chang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2984888","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/2984888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Scutavirus testudinidalpha3</i>, formerly <i>Testudinid alphaherpesvirus</i> 3 or testudinid herpesvirus (TeHV)-3, is a highly contagious herpesvirus that has been reported in multiple testudinid species, causing acute stomatitis–rhinitis complex in affected animals or establishing latent infections in surviving individuals. This study investigated an outbreak of <i>S. testudinidalpha3</i> infection in 17 elongated tortoises (<i>Indotestudo elongata</i>) housed exclusively in an outdoor zoo enclosure in Taiwan in March, 2022. The affected tortoises exhibited nasal and ocular discharge and diphtheroid plaques on the oral mucosa. Despite prompt isolation and supportive treatment, 14 individuals succumbed. Necropsy and histopathologic examination revealed severe necrosis with inflammation, characterized by eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies and occasional syncytial cells in multiple organs. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) confirmed <i>S. testudinidalpha3</i> infection. DNA polymerase (DNApol) gene sequences were identical among all individuals and shared 97.86% nucleotide similarity with the German 4295/7R strain. Furthermore, the full-length sequence of glycoprotein B (gB), a potential virulence factor in herpesviruses, showed 99.9% identity with the Switzerland CH6883/03 strain, classifying this isolate as belonging to the genogroup B, known for its high pathogenicity. This report documents the first confirmed case of <i>S</i>. <i>testudinidalpha3</i> infection in elongated tortoises.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2984888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characterization of an Emergent Cross-Border Recombinant Duck Plague Virus With High Pathogenicity and Reduced Vaccine Efficacy in Guangxi, China","authors":"Songlin Yang,&nbsp;Shijun Xu,&nbsp;Kairu Wang,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Hongchun Yang,&nbsp;Liuyang Yuan,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Ma,&nbsp;Huayan Xie,&nbsp;Zhimin Zhang,&nbsp;Gonghe Li,&nbsp;Hongbin Si,&nbsp;Kun Ning,&nbsp;Changbo Ou","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8379232","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/8379232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Duck plague virus (DPV) is a major pathogen causing recurrent outbreaks in waterfowl. This study reports the comprehensive characterization of a novel DPV strain, designated GXGG240520, isolated from clinically diseased ducks in Guangxi, China. The strain was confirmed as a virulent DPV by PCR targeting the <i>UL2</i> gene (1002 bp) and exclusion of other common duck pathogens. In pathogenicity tests, ducks challenged with GXGG240520 exhibited severe clinical signs including anorexia, diarrhea, and hemorrhagic stools, with mortality concentrated between 5 and 9 days postchallenge and a final survival rate of only 10%. Pathological examination revealed hemorrhagic lesions in multiple organs and atrophy of immune organs such as the bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Viral load was highest in the thymus and lowest in the heart. Notably, challenge protection experiments demonstrated that the currently available vaccine (C-KCE strain) provided only limited protection, with 60% mortality in vaccinated ducks, indicating reduced vaccine efficacy capability. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a genome length of 162,188 bp with 78 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Comparative genomic analysis identified 40 amino acid deletions and mutations across 26 ORFs. Homologous recombination analysis confirmed that GXGG240520 originated from cross-border recombination between the Chinese virulent strain CHv (major parent) and the Bangladeshi strain YLBRDP 11 (minor parent). Furthermore, structure prediction of the UL47 protein revealed marked differences in <i>α</i>-helix and <i>β</i>-sheet organization compared to both parental strains. This recombinant strain with high pathogenicity and reduced vaccine efficacy potential poses a significant challenge to current DPV control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8379232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Pathogenic Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae From Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): An Emerging Cause of Mass Mortality in the Republic of Korea","authors":"Jae Hong Park,&nbsp;Sib Sankar Giri,&nbsp;Mae Hyun Hwang,&nbsp;Da Sol Park,&nbsp;Eun Jae Park,&nbsp;Sung Jae Han,&nbsp;Jin Woo Jun,&nbsp;Se Chang Park","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1555448","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/1555448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mass mortality events characterized by muscle whitening occurred in farmed whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) in the Republic of Korea from July to September 2025. After ruling out the major crustacean pathogens listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) through molecular screening, three dominant isolates of <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>damselae</i> were recovered from the affected shrimp. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and confirmed by detection of the <i>ureC</i> gene. Phenotypic characterization showed that <i>P. damselae</i> subsp. <i>damselae</i> SNUABM-JN1 grew across a wide range of temperatures (10–40°C) and salinities (0.5%–5.0%), with a shorter lag phase at 29°C across the tested salinity range. In the challenge test, the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was estimated as 1.10 × 10⁵ CFU⋅g⁻¹ at 25°C and 5.58 × 10³ CFU⋅g⁻¹ at 29°C, indicating lower survival at the higher temperature. The characteristic clinical signs of muscle whitening were reproduced, and histopathology revealed coagulative necrosis and hemocytic infiltration in both muscle and hepatopancreatic tissues. Whole genome sequencing showed that <i>P. damselae</i> subsp. <i>damselae</i> SNUABM-JN1 possesses two chromosomes and four plasmids, with 4420 predicted genes. Genomic analysis identified 58 putative virulence–associated genes and seven antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, six prophage regions were predicted, including one intact prophage carrying a ribosome-associated toxin gene (<i>ratA</i>), and 24 genomic islands were detected. Collectively, this study isolated and characterized <i>P. damselae</i> subsp. <i>damselae</i> SNUABM-JN1 from whiteleg shrimp with muscle whitening, reporting this infection in the Republic of Korea for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Snakehead Rhabdovirus-Like Novirhabdovirus Associated With Acute Mortality in Multiple Outbreaks in Farmed Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) in Thailand","authors":"Jidapa Yamkasem,&nbsp;Natthakul Youngnoi,&nbsp;Piyathip Setthawong,&nbsp;Theeraporn Pulpipat,&nbsp;Win Surachetpong,&nbsp;Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9677946","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/9677946","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) is a viral pathogen previously associated with mortality in snakehead fish (<i>Channa</i> spp.) and other closely related species. In this study, we report the detection of SHRV-like virus in giant snakehead (<i>C. micropeltes</i>) from multiple fish farms in Thailand, where acute disease outbreaks resulted in cumulative mortalities ranging from 7% to 90%. The affected fish showed clinical signs, including swimming near the water surface, anorexia, and skin discoloration. Histopathological examination revealed numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (ICIBs) in the spleen, anterior kidney, and posterior kidney. The virus was successfully isolated in E-11 cells, where it induced marked cytopathic effects (CPEs), including cell rounding, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and progressive monolayer destruction within 1–2 days post-inoculation (dpi). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of enveloped, bullet-shaped viral particles characteristic of the family <i>Rhabdoviridae</i>. Experimental challenge of naïve giant snakehead with the isolated virus reproduced the clinical signs observed in the field, resulted in 70% cumulative mortality within 4 days, and led to successful re-isolation of the virus from experimentally infected fish, which supports the pathogenic role of the virus in giant snakehead. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequence analysis demonstrated that the virus shared 79.70%–85.37% nucleotide identity with previously reported SHRV strains and placed the virus within the genus <i>Novirhabdovirus</i>, forming a cluster with SHRV and Carpione rhabdovirus (CAPRV). These findings provide evidence for the presence of a SHRV-like <i>Novirhabdovirus</i> associated with disease outbreaks in farmed giant snakehead in Thailand and highlight the need for further investigation into its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics to support the development of effective disease prevention and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of Bartonella bovis in Dairy Cattle From Central Thailand","authors":"Wittawat Wechtaisong,&nbsp;Kritsada Thongmeesee,&nbsp;Chalida Sri-in,&nbsp;Aung Aung,&nbsp;Wisa Tiyamanee,&nbsp;Satoru Konnai,&nbsp;Sonthaya Tiawsirisup","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3831037","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/3831037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Bartonella bovis</i> is an emerging ruminant pathogen with zoonotic potential. Although various <i>Bartonella</i> species have been detected in animals in Thailand, none have been reported in dairy cattle. We investigated the occurrence and genetic characteristics of <i>Bartonella</i> spp. in dairy cattle from central Thailand and examined associations with farm management practices. Blood samples were collected from 522 cattle on 43 farms in four provinces and examined for <i>Bartonella</i> DNA by PCR targeting the <i>gltA</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, and <i>ribC</i> genes. Sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, and nucleotide sequence type (ntST) network analyses were also performed. Risk factors were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and multivariable logistic regression. <i>Bartonella</i> DNA was detected in 4.21% of samples, with all positives identified as <i>B. bovis</i>. Univariable analysis showed significantly higher prevalence in small/medium-scale farms and separate feeding systems. However, in the multivariable model, farm size showed a strong trend toward association with <i>B. bovis</i> detection, although the association did not reach statistical significance. The dominant <i>gltA</i> sequence type (ntST04) was detected across all farm sizes and feeding practices, whereas a peripheral variant (ntST02) differed by nine nucleotide substitutions from a ked-associated <i>Bartonella</i> sequence (GenBank ID: OQ716819). Both <i>rpoB</i> and <i>ribC</i> networks revealed seven distinct groups that were closely related to the <i>B. bovis</i> reference sequences, with nucleotide identities of 99.42%–100% and 99.41%–100%, respectively. This study provides new molecular evidence of <i>B. bovis</i> circulation in the Thai dairy cattle population, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and biosecurity, particularly in small-scale operations, to mitigate potential zoonotic risks within a One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}