Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Tetanus toxoid vaccination uptake by trauma patients in Japan: A retrospective cohort study using large administrative claims data","authors":"Sachiko Ono ,&nbsp;Mikio Nakajima ,&nbsp;Hayato Yamana ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Michihata ,&nbsp;Kohei Uemura ,&nbsp;Yosuke Ono ,&nbsp;Hideo Yasunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tetanus remains a major global health issue in both developing and developed countries. Although guidelines are established on tetanus prophylaxis protocol for trauma patients, adherence to tetanus vaccination is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the administration of tetanus toxoid among trauma patients in Japan, where approximately 100 patients are hospitalized for tetanus annually. Using the JMDC claims database, a large administrative claims database, we identified outpatients with trauma between 2005 and 2020. We divided them into those born before 1968 and those born in 1968 or later, as the routine tetanus immunization program started in 1968 in Japan. We described the characteristics of the patients and whether they received the first dose of tetanus toxoid when they visited a medical institution for any injury. Finally, we followed up the patients who received the first tetanus toxoid dose and had a history of incomplete primary vaccination series to examine whether they completed the recommended three doses of tetanus immunization within 12 months. We identified 85,761 trauma patients from the database, of whom 19,541 (22.8 %) were born before 1968 and not covered by the routine vaccination program. Among the patients covered by the routine vaccination program, 2.1 % (1400/66,220) received tetanus toxoid vaccination at the initial clinic/hospital visit for their injuries, whereas the proportion was 5.8 % (1139/19,541) in the patients not covered by the routine vaccination program. Among the 1139 patients who received tetanus prophylaxis at the time of wound management and were born before the implementation of the routine vaccination program, 31.4 % received the second dose, and 7.0 % completed the third dose within 12 months. Taken together, most trauma patients without a history of primary tetanus immunization did not receive the recommended tetanus prophylaxis. Increased awareness of tetanus prophylaxis is needed among both patients and healthcare professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in Canada: The Canadian COVID-19 experiences project and beyond","authors":"Helena C. Maltezou","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126821","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in a name? – How migrant populations are classified and why this matters for (in)equitable access to routine childhood and adolescent immunisation services: A scoping review","authors":"Jennifer Nyawira Githaiga ,&nbsp;Susanne Noll ,&nbsp;Jill Olivier ,&nbsp;Edina Amponsah-Dacosta","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Migrant populations may be highly susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) due to factors such as mobility, legal status, and systemic health inequities. We explore systemic barriers to equitable immunisation services for migrant children and adolescents worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, with guidance from Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Our search across 10 databases yielded 78 peer-reviewed articles (2012−2023) and nine grey literature sources from global organizations. Data were charted and analysed to identify trends in vaccine coverage, classification of migrant populations, and policy implications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite the existence of national immunisation programmes with migrant-inclusive policies in some countries, significant barriers remain. Lower immunisation rates and higher VPD risks are common among migrants, with exclusion often based on legal status. Misalignment between home and host country policies further restricts access.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Policy reforms are needed to harmonize immunisation policies across borders and ensure equitable access irrespective of migrant classification. Increased collaboration between health systems in home and host countries is critical to achieving these goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating COVID-19 associated hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and in-hospital deaths averted in the United States by 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccination: A conditional probability, causal inference, and multiplier-based approach","authors":"Ryan E. Wiegand ,&nbsp;Owen Devine ,&nbsp;Megan Wallace ,&nbsp;Ismael R. Ortega-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Huong T. Pham ,&nbsp;Diba Khan ,&nbsp;Danielle L. Moulia ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Roper ,&nbsp;Imelda Trejo ,&nbsp;Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra ,&nbsp;Fiona P. Havers ,&nbsp;Christopher A. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COVID-19-associated hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and in-hospital deaths averted from 2023 to 2024 COVID-19 vaccination from the weeks of October 1, 2023, through April 21, 2024, were estimated via a novel multiplier model that utilized causal inference, conditional probabilities of hospitalization, and correlations between data elements in Monte Carlo simulations. Median COVID-19-associated hospitalizations averted were 68,315 (95 % uncertainty interval [UI] 42,831–97,984), ICU admissions averted were 13,108 (95 % UI 4459–25,042), and in-hospital deaths averted were 5301 (95 % UI 101–14,230). Averted COVID-19-associated burden was highest in adults aged 65 years and older (hospitalizations averted 57,665, 95 % UI 35,442–84,006; ICU admissions averted 10,878, 95 % UI 3104–21,591; in-hospital deaths averted 4779, 95 % UI 0–13,132). Expanding the analytic period to comprise the weeks of September 24, 2023, through August 11, 2024, resulted in 107,197 COVID-19-associated hospitalizations averted (95 % UI 80,692–137,643), 18,292 COVID-19-associated ICU admissions averted (95 % UI 10,062–28,436), and 6749 COVID-19-associated in-hospital deaths averted (95 % UI 2077–13,557). Older adults had the highest COVID-19-associated averted burden and potential to reduce burden further through increased vaccine coverage. 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccinations reduced the burden of COVID-19-associated severe disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A-910823, a squalene-based emulsion adjuvant, enhances robust and broad immune responses of quadrivalent influenza vaccine in ferrets","authors":"Masayuki Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Kenichiro Tsujii ,&nbsp;Hitomi Nakajima-Yoshida ,&nbsp;Nobuteru Akiyama ,&nbsp;Ken Yoshihara ,&nbsp;Keiji Dohi ,&nbsp;Ziwei Yin ,&nbsp;Aki Ejima ,&nbsp;Saki Yamamoto-Mizuno ,&nbsp;Yasushi Nojiri ,&nbsp;Shou Saiki ,&nbsp;Kaoru Baba ,&nbsp;Shinya Omoto","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Robust and broad protective immunity is typically elicited by co-administration of an adjuvant with vaccine antigens. A-910823, a squalene-based emulsion adjuvant, has been approved in Japan. It effectively enhances the humoral and cellular immunity of S-268019-b, a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine; however, the adjuvant effects of A-910823 on other vaccines, including influenza vaccine, have not been evaluated. Here, a ferret model was employed to investigate the adjuvant effects of A-910823 when combined with split-inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV). We demonstrate that combination of A-910823 with QIV enhances the neutralizing antibody titer and its breadth against non-vaccine strains. Also, the protective efficacy of A-910823-adjuvanted QIV against virus challenge has been confirmed. Of note, QIV combined with A-910823 caused only minor detectable side effects, whereas a significant increase in fever was observed after two doses of mRNA-LNP in ferrets. This study provides information on the effectiveness and safety of A-910823-adjuvanted QIV and suggests the usefulness of the ferret model for evaluating vaccine-induced reactogenicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical analysis of the first smallpox vaccination campaigns in early 19-century northern Italy: organisation and communication insights for contemporary epidemics' prevention and control","authors":"Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi ,&nbsp;Riccardo Vecchio ,&nbsp;Chiara Barbati ,&nbsp;Giulia Bonazza ,&nbsp;Paolo Mazzarello ,&nbsp;Anna Odone","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the annals of public health, smallpox is a watershed, being the first disease eradicated by vaccination. Drawing parallels to contemporary pandemic control measures, we examined the first smallpox vaccination campaigns in early 19th-century northern Italy and the seminal work of Luigi Sacco. Our study delves into this under-explored historical landscape to elucidate lessons that resonate with modern public health dilemmas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We scrutinised primary sources from the Historical Civic Archive of Pavia, the State Archive of Pavia, and the State Archive of Milan. These archives provided exhaustive data on administrative decrees, local epidemiology, and university-health authority collaborations. Using period-specific keyword searches and expert consultations, we extensively reviewed correspondence, vaccination lists, and academic writings, including Luigi Sacco's seminal <em>Trattato di vaccinazione</em>. The epidemiological investigation focused on the pivotal period of 1816–1828 in Lombardy's 19th-century public health landscape.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Organisational reforms enacted in 1821 succeeded in doubling the number of vaccinations administered in Pavia, stabilising at elevated rates in subsequent years. Despite improvements, incongruities in epidemiological data and vaccinator remuneration persisted. Communication strategies pioneered by Sacco, encompassing academic and religious collaborations, demonstrated their efficacy. Epidemiological data revealed an initial surge in vaccination uptake in 1822, with a declining trend in the following years, notably impacted by logistical and data recording limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our research underscores three salient dimensions pertinent to contemporary public health paradigms: first, the vital function of local administrative bodies as efficacious service providers, immunisation register keepers, and social safety nets; second, the equilibrium between mandatory vaccination policies and discretionary enforcement as a pragmatic framework for public compliance; lastly, the irrefutable importance of credible communication strategies in fighting vaccine hesitancy. These insights are not merely historical curiosities but cardinal principles for effectively managing modern epidemics and infectious disease threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burdens of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases with high incidence among middle-aged and older adults aged 55–89 years from 1990 to 2021: Results from the global burden of disease study 2021","authors":"Yuxin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yinsong Luo ,&nbsp;Xi Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Li,&nbsp;Yiyao Hu,&nbsp;Chenye Liu,&nbsp;Dian Zhao,&nbsp;Tianqi Kong,&nbsp;Jiaye Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of four vaccine preventable infectious diseases (VPDs) among adults aged 55–89 years from 1990 to 2021, in the context of an aging population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 on acute hepatitis A, B, E, and varicella and herpes zoster were analysed for incidence rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), stratified by sex, age, Social Development Index (SDI), and region. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, the global incidence of four VPDs among adults aged 55–89 years was 1698.8 cases per 100,000 population, with a total of 25,243,776 (95 % UI 17301929–34,959,277) new cases and 719,888 (95 % UI 534782–992,800) DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rates of acute hepatitis A and acute hepatitis B consistently declined, whereas those of acute hepatitis E, varicella and herpes zoster moderately increased, with EAPCs of 0.13 (95 % UI 0.12–0.15) and 0.14 (95 % UI 0.09–0.19), respectively. In 2021, sub-Saharan Africa had the highest overall burden of the four diseases, whereas high-income Asia Pacific (945.7 per 100,000 population) and Western Europe (840.7 per 100,000 population) had the highest incidence rates of varicella and herpes zoster. Acute hepatitis A and acute hepatitis B were more prevalent in low- and middle-SDI regions, whereas increasing trends for acute hepatitis E and varicella and herpes zoster were observed in higher-SDI regions. The incidence rates of acute hepatitis A and acute hepatitis B were higher in males than in females and decreased with age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite overall declines in VPDs among older adults, disparities remain. Public health efforts must focus on improving vaccine access and targeting at-risk populations, especially older adults, to address the burden of VPDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization coverage of children and teenagers in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Catherine Ji ,&nbsp;Arrani Senthinathan ,&nbsp;Jemisha Apajee ,&nbsp;Vinita Dubey ,&nbsp;Milena Forte ,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Kwong ,&nbsp;Shaun K. Morris ,&nbsp;Pierre-Philippe Piche-Renaud ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Wilson ,&nbsp;Karen Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess immunization coverage for routine vaccinations in children (aged 4–7 years) and teenagers (aged 14–17 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, in Ontario, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study using primary care electronic medical records data from the University of Toronto Practice-Based Research Network database from January 2018 to June 2022. Monthly estimates of vaccine up-to-date (UTD) coverage (defined as 1 dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap)-containing and 1 dose of measles, mumps and rubella-containing vaccines received after the 4th birthday for children; and 1 dose of Tdap-containing vaccine received after the 14th birthday for teenagers) and time series regression analysis were used to compare changes in mean coverage before and during the pandemic. We also examined if changes in coverage estimates over time were associated with sociodemographic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>30,010 children and 31,624 teenagers were included. Mean monthly UTD coverage for children decreased significantly from 48.7 % (SD 2.1) pre-pandemic (January 2018 – February 2020) to 44.3 % (SD 1.3) in mid-pandemic period (July 2020–June 2021), and remained significantly lower in later pandemic period (July 2021 – June 2022). Mean monthly UTD coverage for teenagers was 34.6 % (SD 0.9) pre-pandemic and decreased to 16.7 % (SD 0.6) in later pandemic period. When adjusted for baseline differences, teenagers from neighborhoods with higher income, lower proportions of racialized and newcomer populations and from rural areas experienced larger decreases in UTD coverage during the pandemic. No significant differences were found in UTD coverage among children across the various sociodemographic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Significant declines in immunization coverage for children and teenagers in Ontario were still observed by June 2022, highlighting the need to further study the long-term impact of the pandemic and implement effective catch-up interventions to increase immunization coverage and prevent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informing the development of transmission modelling guidance for global immunization decision-making: A qualitative needs assessment","authors":"Julie Leask ,&nbsp;Maria Christou-Ergos ,&nbsp;Ikram Abdi ,&nbsp;Franck Mboussou ,&nbsp;Majdi M. Sabahelzain ,&nbsp;Kerrie E. Wiley ,&nbsp;Philipp Lambach ,&nbsp;So Yoon Sim","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, mathematical transmission models have been increasingly used to support immunization program decisions and to measure the impact and cost-effectiveness of interventions. However, countries face expertise-and resource-related barriers that limit the use and application of modelled evidence to inform decisions. The World Health Organization (WHO) established an Immunization and Vaccines Implementation Research advisory committee subgroup in 2023 to support immunization decision-makers to effectively generate, translate and use such evidence for strategies, policies, and programs. This study supports this effort, detailing the needs of end-users to inform content and format of the guidance.</div><div>Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with vaccination decision-makers and modelers from all six WHO regions and across low-, middle- and high-income countries. Interviews explored: (i) how modelling is understood and used; (ii) the challenges faced when using modelled evidence; (iii) the types of guidance that would be most useful to enhance the use of modelled evidence. Analysis of transcripts was guided by the framework method, which structures the analysis of qualitative data.</div><div>Participants with modelling expertise used it firsthand, systematically, and often in an advisory capacity. Less experienced users, often in policy advisory roles, were less confident in their understanding of modelling and some did not use it at all. Decision-makers with little or no modelling experience cited a need for more information to help them understand the value of modelling in their context and many supported its potential. All participants saw a need for capacity strengthening and localised application to instil confidence in using modelled evidence. Those with less experience expressed a need for ongoing interactive engagement with knowledge brokers and training.</div><div>Insights from this study are being integrated into the development of guidance by WHO. By considering the diverse challenges and needs of both experienced and inexperienced users of modelling, the guidance will support immunization strategy and policy by responding specifically to immunization decision-makers information needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 126800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “General vaccination willingness and current vaccination status in relation to clinical and psychological variables in patients with multiple sclerosis” [Vaccine 40 (23) (2022 May 20) 3236–3243]","authors":"Barbara Streckenbach ,&nbsp;Julia Baldt ,&nbsp;Felicita Heidler ,&nbsp;Niklas Frahm ,&nbsp;Silvan Elias Langhorst ,&nbsp;Pegah Mashhadiakbar ,&nbsp;Katja Burian ,&nbsp;Uwe Klaus Zettl ,&nbsp;Jörg Richter","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 126741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}