Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the attitudes and practices of adult service users and providers towards vaccination in non-primary care settings: A mixed methods scoping review","authors":"Eleftheria Lentakis , Holly Seale , Rajeka Lazarus , Sandra Mounier-Jack","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are several identified service user and provider barriers which lead to missed vaccination opportunities for adults within primary care. Programs delivering vaccination in non-primary care settings, such as in emergency departments, hospitals, specialist clinic and non-medical settings may assist in filling these gaps, especially among under-served populations. While expanding the locations in which vaccines are provided may improve uptake, there is a need to explore service user and provider attitudes towards delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This scoping review aims to explore perceptions and attitudes of adult service users and providers towards receiving and delivering vaccination in non-primary care settings and identify how attitudes relate to determinants of vaccine compliance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This scoping review was conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies that focused on attitudes and perceptions of adult service users and providers towards the delivery of influenza, COVID-19, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccines in non-primary care settings were included. Primary, peer-reviewed studies published in English from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2023 were sought. Studies that focused on vaccination in primary care settings, the operational delivery of vaccination programs and interventions, children or adolescents less than 18 years, pregnant women, and healthcare workers receiving vaccination for occupational purposes were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>30 studies were included for final analysis in this study. 22 were cross-sectional studies, and 19 were published in the United States. 15 studies were conducted in non-medical settings and 11 in the emergency department. Findings showed that service users were receptive towards vaccination in non-primary care settings and were especially motivated by the convenience of non-medical settings such as workplaces, mobile clinics, drive through clinics, and faith-based organisations. A number of service user barriers were reported to vaccine acceptance, including low confidence in vaccines, fear of adverse effects, and low risk perception of infection. Findings of the included studies highlight a number of provider attitudinal barriers to the delivery of vaccinations outside of primary care, such as considering the process too time-consuming, costly, and detracting from the purpose of their work, although the number of studies assessing provider attitudes were limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, there is a limited amount of evidence available regarding the attitudes to vaccination in non-primary care settings, especially among providers. There is a need for more study in this area to strengthen understanding of attitudes to","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya vaccine development, challenges, and pathway toward public health impact","authors":"Clara Maure ,&nbsp;Kanat Khazhidinov ,&nbsp;Hyolim Kang ,&nbsp;Megan Auzenbergs ,&nbsp;Pascaline Moyersoen ,&nbsp;Kaja Abbas ,&nbsp;Gustavo Mendes Lima Santos ,&nbsp;Libia Milena Hernandez Medina ,&nbsp;T. Anh Wartel ,&nbsp;Jerome H. Kim ,&nbsp;John Clemens ,&nbsp;Sushant Sahastrabuddhe","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chikungunya is a neglected tropical disease of growing public health concern with outbreaks in more than 114 countries in Asia, Africa, Americas, Europe, and Oceania since 2004. There are no specific antiviral treatment options for chikungunya virus infection. This article describes the chikungunya vaccine pipeline and assesses the challenges in the path to licensure, access, and uptake of chikungunya vaccines in populations at risk. Ixchiq (VLA1533/Ixchiq – Valneva) was the first licensed chikungunya vaccine by the US Food and Drug Administration in November 2023, European Medicines Agency in May 2024, and Health Canada in June 2024. Five chikungunya vaccine candidates (BBV87 – BBIL/IVI, MV-CHIK – Themis Bioscience, ChAdOx1 Chik – University of Oxford, PXVX0317 / VRC-CHKVLP059–00-VP – Bavarian Nordic, and mRNA-1388 – Moderna) are in development. Evidence on chikungunya disease burden alongside the public health and economic impact of vaccination are critical for decision-making on chikungunya vaccine introduction in endemic and epidemic settings. Further, global and regional stakeholders need to agree on a sustainable financing mechanism for manufacturing at scale to facilitate fair access and equitable vaccine distribution to at-risk populations in different geographic settings. This could partly be facilitated through obtaining consensus on scientific and regulatory principles for initial vaccine introduction and generating evidence on chikungunya burden and disease awareness among populations at risk. Specifically, this article advocates for the formation of a global chikungunya vaccine consortium that includes regulators, policymakers, sponsors, and manufacturers to assist in overcoming the global and local challenges for chikungunya vaccine licensure, policy, financing, demand generation, and access to at-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the delivery of adult vaccination outside of primary care settings: A mixed methods scoping review","authors":"Eleftheria Lentakis ,&nbsp;Holly Seale ,&nbsp;Rajeka Lazarus ,&nbsp;Sandra Mounier-Jack","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are several identified barriers to immunisation delivery and uptake in adults, including governance issues, provider limitations, and patient access. While primary care settings have traditionally been responsible for vaccine delivery, there is a growing need to look to other settings to expand the equitable uptake of vaccinations in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This scoping review aims to identify and explore the role of non-primary care settings in delivering adult vaccinations, operational barriers and facilitators to immunisation delivery in these settings, and interventions delivered to improve uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Peer-reviewed studies published from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2022 that focused on the delivery of influenza, COVID-19, pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccines in adult populations outside of primary care settings were included. Studies were also included if they explored barriers and facilitators to delivery, and interventions to improve uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>75 studies were identified for inclusion. Most were quasi-experimental studies, and 58/75 were from the US. Studies were most frequently conducted in in-patient settings, outpatient clinics, nursing homes, and workplaces. Operational planning and logistics, and provider-level issues, such as poor documentation and workflow interruption were commonly identified barriers to delivery. Government funding, continuity of care, and patient convenience were frequently reported facilitators. Interventions shown to improve uptake were operational planning and clinical improvement systems (Plan-Do-Study-Act [PDSA] cycles), provider education and reminders, on-site vaccination, patient education, and financial incentives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mapping of the evidence indicates that adult immunisation delivery may be achievable across tertiary and secondary care settings, as well as non-clinical settings, such as workplaces. There are several identified barriers to delivery, predominantly at the provider-level in tertiary-care settings. Intervention such as operational planning, clinical reminders, and on-site vaccination, may facilitate uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination during febrile illness, what do we know? A systematic-narrative hybrid review of the literature and international recommendations","authors":"Soumaya Essalim ,&nbsp;Chloe Tachet ,&nbsp;Sarah Demingo ,&nbsp;Sebastien Bruel ,&nbsp;Amandine Gagneux-Brunon ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vaccination during febrile illness (FI) is often regarded as a contraindication, leading to its postponement in most cases. Considering the doubts about the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of the procedure among physicians and patients, we sought in this review to assess the data in the literature and international recommendations in terms of vaccination during FI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted according to the methodological structure for systematic-narrative hybrid reviews, using PubMed and Cochrane library databases until March 2024. Inclusion criteria were studies dealing with vaccination during FI in children or adults, and exclusion criteria were studies related to post-vaccination fever or animal experiments. A review of international recommendations was also carried out. Articles included were fully examined by the authors for eligibility.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our literature search enabled us to identify six studies about the immunogenicity and safety of vaccination during FI in children. All have shown no significant differences in seroconversion rates, protective antibody levels or adverse events between children vaccinated during FI and controls. Nine articles on physicians and patients' attitudes regarding immunization during FI were also included in this review. Vaccination was frequently postponed in cases of fever, primarily to avoid potential complications. Review of international recommendations allowed us to classify countries into three categories: those recommending vaccination regardless of the body temperature, those recommending vaccination within a temperature limit, and those with unclear recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The immunogenicity and safety studies were only conducted in children, yet results were reassuring. Despite using the same evidence, recommendations differed from country to another. This situation may explain the reluctance of physicians and patients to embrace this practice. Postponing vaccination is however associated with low vaccine coverage and could be considered a missed opportunity to vaccinate. A higher level of evidence seems needed for a firm conclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of ischemic stroke after COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccination in an integrated health system","authors":"Katie A. Sharff ,&nbsp;Thomas K. Tandy ,&nbsp;Paul F. Lewis ,&nbsp;Eric S. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northwest patients 18 years and older who were vaccinated with the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine between September 1, 2022 and March 1, 2023. We replicated the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) rapid cycle analysis protocol to identify cases of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the 21 days following vaccination using ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes in the primary position. The incidence of ischemic stroke or TIA was 34.3 per 100,000 (95 % CI, 17.7–59.9) in patients 65 years or older who received the bivalent Pfizer vaccine. Although a safety signal was detected in this study, further investigation is warranted to validate an association between COVID-19 vaccination and risk of ischemic stroke. Replication of the VSD case definition confirmed the exceptionally high positive predictive value in identifying ischemic stroke or TIA within 21 days of Pfizer bivalent vaccination in individuals 65 years and older. Two physician adjudication with chart review and confirmation of ischemic stroke cases allowed accurate absolute incidence estimates of stroke per 100,000 vaccine recipients and is helpful in calculation of net benefit for policy recommendations and shared decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antibodies and Tdap vaccination in pregnant women in Greece – A cross- sectional study","authors":"S. Papailiou ,&nbsp;A. Soldatou ,&nbsp;A. Marmarinos ,&nbsp;M. Avgeris ,&nbsp;E. Papathoma ,&nbsp;M. Sindos ,&nbsp;S. Georgantzi ,&nbsp;Α. Rodolakis ,&nbsp;N. Iacovidou ,&nbsp;D. Gourgiotis ,&nbsp;M. Tsolia","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We performed a cross- sectional study in two maternity hospitals in Athens, Greece between 2017 and 2019 assessing seroprevalence and Geometric Mean Titres (GMTs) of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus antibodies in pregnant women and recorded adherence to Greek National Immunization Program (NIP) regarding Tdap vaccination in pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood samples were collected from women in labour and anti- diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis toxin IgG antibodies were measured by Elisa kits. Seropositivity was defined as anti-diphtheria and anti- tetanus toxin IgG levels ≥0.1, and anti- pertussis &gt;50 IU/mL. Seroprevalence and GMTs were calculated according to demographic factors. Tdap vaccination <strong><em>before and during pregnancy</em></strong> was <strong><em>self-reported</em></strong> by study participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We analysed 253 blood samples and paired questionnaires. Seropositivity was 57.7 % for diphtheria. The lowest rate (38.2 %) was observed in the youngest age group (≤25 years). Increasing age was associated with higher seroprevalence (<em>p</em> = 0.036). 12.5 % of women were seropositive against pertussis. Most were seropositive for tetanus (92.7 %). Anti-pertussis GMTs were 16.98, anti-diphtheria 0.13 and anti- tetanus GMTs 0.63 IU/mL. Women born in Greece and with higher educational level had higher antibodies against tetanus (<em>p</em> = 0.004 &amp; 0.004 respectively). <strong><em>3/253 (1.2 %)</em></strong> of women assessed reported Tdap vaccination during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Seropositivity rates were low for diphtheria and pertussis among pregnant women. In addition, <strong><em>less than 2 %</em></strong> were vaccinated with Tdap despite recommendation by Greek NIP. Therefore, many infants end up unprotected during the first months of life. Our study highlights the urgent need for national campaigns targeting to completion of childhood immunization and information of the public about safety and importance of Tdap vaccination in pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy and routine revaccination among adult HCT survivors in the United States: A convergent mixed methods analysis","authors":"Mihkai M. Wickline ,&nbsp;Paul A. Carpenter ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Harris ,&nbsp;Sarah J. Iribarren ,&nbsp;Kerryn W. Reding ,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Pike ,&nbsp;Stephanie J. Lee ,&nbsp;Rachel B. Salit ,&nbsp;Masumi Ueda Oshima ,&nbsp;Phuong T. Vo ,&nbsp;Donna L. Berry","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Revaccination to restore immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) is essential risk mitigation in the prevention of infectious morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, revaccination rates have been shown to be insufficient and to what extent vaccine hesitancy contributes to survivors not becoming fully revaccinated is unknown. We performed a cross-sectional, mixed methods survey-based study to explore how vaccine hesitancy influences revaccination among US adult HCT survivors who were 2 to 8 years after transplant. Participants were asked to complete the Vaccination Confidence Scale (VCS) and open-ended survey items regarding vaccine confidence. The survey response rate was 30 %; among 332 respondents, vaccine confidence was high in 69 %, medium in 20 %, and low in 11 %. On multivariable analysis, four factors associated with high vaccine confidence were: predominantly Democrat zip codes (per 2020 election results), ability to pay for revaccination out of pocket, receipt of pre-HCT adult vaccines, and receipt of COVID-19 vaccines. From 189 participants who also answered open-ended items, 14 themes associated with vaccine confidence were identified and collapsed into 4 categories based on the VCS: Benefits, Harms, Trust, and Other. Merged analysis showed congruence between VCS scores and open-ended survey responses and created a narrative about the relative importance of the constructs when approaching revaccination by vaccine confidence level. These findings significantly expand our knowledge of how vaccine hesitancy influences revaccination uptake among US adult HCT survivors. Population-specific interventions to approach vaccine-hesitant survivors should be developed and tested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective, multicenter study of hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine with or without hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia","authors":"Mebrihit Arefaine ,&nbsp;Asgeir Johannessen ,&nbsp;Tilahun Teklehaymanot ,&nbsp;Adane Mihret ,&nbsp;Dawit Hailu Alemayehu ,&nbsp;Mahlet Osman ,&nbsp;Andargachew Mulu ,&nbsp;Nega Berhe","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Historically, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was considered uncommon in Africa, leading to a reluctant attitude to birth-dose HBV vaccination on the continent. As a randomized trial would be unethical, real-life data are needed to assess the effect of HBV birth-dose vaccine in Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter, prospective, observational study of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women and their infants was carried out in Ethiopia, from January 2019 to May 2021. Pregnant women were screened for HBsAg and HIV as part of routine antenatal care and/or delivery, and HBsAg-positive HIV-negative pregnant women were included in the study. HBV birth-dose vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) were recommended but not all newborns received it as it was not national policy. All infants, however, received the pentavalent HBV vaccine at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Vaccination status was confirmed from delivery ward charts and infant vaccination certificates. Infants were tested for HBsAg at 9 months of age and a positive result was taken as evidence of MTCT.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of 290 HBsAg-positive pregnant women, 168 mother/infant pairs returned for their 9-month follow-up visit and were included in this analysis. Two of 112 (1.8 %) infants who received birth-dose vaccine with HBIg, and 2 of 23 (8.7 %) who received birth-dose vaccine alone were HBsAg positive at nine months of age, compared to 8 of 33 (24.2 %) who received neither vaccine nor HBIg at birth (<em>p</em> = 0.002). High maternal viral load (&gt;200,000 IU/ml; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 10.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.2–92.1) and not receiving HBV birth-dose vaccine nor HBIg (AOR 29.2; 95 % CI 4.0–211.3) were independent predictors of MTCT.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Birth-dose HBV vaccine with or without HBIg significantly reduced the risk of MTCT of HBV in Ethiopia. Improved coverage of birth-dose HBV vaccine should be an urgent priority.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126461"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a multiplexed immunoassay for assessing long-term humoral immunity Orthopoxviruses","authors":"Bethany Hicks ,&nbsp;Scott Jones ,&nbsp;Helen Callaby ,&nbsp;Daniel Bailey ,&nbsp;Claire Gordon ,&nbsp;Tommy Rampling ,&nbsp;Catherine Houlihan ,&nbsp;Ezra Linley ,&nbsp;Simon Tonge ,&nbsp;Clarissa Oeser ,&nbsp;Rachael Jones ,&nbsp;Marcus Pond ,&nbsp;Ravi Mehta ,&nbsp;Deborah Wright ,&nbsp;Bassam Hallis ,&nbsp;Cathy Rowe ,&nbsp;Ashley Otter","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The 2022 Monkeypox virus (MPXV) global outbreak boosted development of multiple serological assays to aid understanding of Mpox immunology.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to assess a multiplexed solid-phase electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Meso Scale Discovery (MSD)) for simultaneous detection of antibodies against MPXV, including A35, E8 and M1 antigens, along with corresponding Vaccina Virus (VACV) homologues and demonstrate its accuracy in assessing antibody titres post-vaccination and infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Assay performance was assessed for simultaneous detection of antibodies against MPXV and corresponding VACV antigens. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated with paediatric negatives (<em>n</em> = 215), pre- and post-IMVANEX vaccinated (<em>n</em> = 80), and MPXV (Clade IIb, <em>n</em> = 39) infected serum samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The assay demonstrated high specificity (75.68 % (CI: 69.01–81.29) - 95.98 % (CI:92.54–97.87)) and sensitivity (62.11 % (CI:52.06–71.21) - 98.59 % (CI:92.44 %–99.93 %)) depending on the Orthopoxvirus antigen. Preferential binding was observed between MPXV-infected individuals and MPXV antigens, while vaccinated individuals exhibited increased binding to VACV antigens. These results highlight differential binding patterns between antigen homologues in related viruses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, this assay demonstrates high sensitivities in detecting antibodies for multiple relevant MPXV and VACV antigens post-infection and post-vaccination, indicating its utility in understanding immune responses to Orthopoxviruses in current and future outbreaks and evaluating the immunogenicity of new-generation Mpox-specific vaccinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in unvaccinated adolescent girls in South Africa, particularly those living with HIV","authors":"Danielle I. Travill ,&nbsp;Dorothy A. Machalek ,&nbsp;Helen Rees ,&nbsp;Zizipho Mbulawa ,&nbsp;Admire Chikandiwa ,&nbsp;Richard Munthali ,&nbsp;Kathy Petoumenos ,&nbsp;John M. Kaldor ,&nbsp;Sinead Delany-Moretlwe","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In 2014, South Africa implemented a national two-dose HPV vaccination programme using the bivalent vaccine for girls aged 9 years and older attending Grade 4 at public schools. We assessed HPV prevalence and risk factors among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 17–18 years who were ineligible for vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From June to December 2019, we surveyed AGYW aged 17–18 years attending primary care clinics in four South African provinces. Consenting participants completed a questionnaire, underwent HIV counselling and testing, and self-collected a vaginal swab for HPV testing. Samples were tested by Seegene AnyPlex™ II HPV28. We used summary statistics to describe the population characteristics and logistic regression to examine the association between risk factors and high-risk HPV detection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>910 participants were screened, 900 enrolled, 896 had valid HPV results, and 819 were unvaccinated and included in this study. Of these, 248 (30.3 %) were living with HIV and 597 (72.9 %) reported ever having vaginal sex. Overall, 463 (56.5 %) had at least one high-risk HPV detected, and 177 (21.6 %) had HPV16/18 detected. AGYW living with HIV had a higher prevalence of any high-risk HPV (65.3 % vs 52.7 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and HPV 16/18 (29.4 % vs 18.2 %, p &lt; 0.001) compared to those without HIV. Multiple infections were also more common in participants living with HIV, with three or more high-risk HPV types detected in 32.3 % compared with 15.4 % of those without HIV (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analyses, HIV status (p &lt; 0.001) and higher number of lifetime sexual partners (p-trend&lt;0.001) were associated with high-risk HPV detection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High-risk HPV was very common in unvaccinated South Africa AGYW, especially among those living with HIV, highlighting the importance of HPV vaccination in settings with high HIV prevalence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}