Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Mpox vaccination coverage among Australian gay and bisexual men and non-binary people: Results of behavioural surveillance in early 2024","authors":"James MacGibbon ,&nbsp;Daniel Storer ,&nbsp;Benjamin R. Bavinton ,&nbsp;Vincent J. Cornelisse ,&nbsp;Timothy R. Broady ,&nbsp;Curtis Chan ,&nbsp;Anthony K.J. Smith ,&nbsp;John Rule ,&nbsp;Limin Mao ,&nbsp;Martin Holt","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We examined characteristics associated with mpox vaccine uptake among gay, bisexual, queer and other men who have sex with men and non-binary people (GBQ+ people), the primary target group for Australian vaccination programs following the mid-2022 outbreak.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Vaccine uptake was assessed using cross-sectional surveys of GBQ+ people from three Australian jurisdictions in 2024: Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, and Victoria. Sexually active, mpox-undiagnosed participants were included. Multivariable logistic regression examined: (1) no vaccination vs. partial/full vaccination, and (2) partial vs. full vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 4252 participants, 46.2 % were unvaccinated, 12.3 % had received one vaccine dose, and 41.5 % had received two doses<strong>.</strong> Any vaccination was associated with: being &gt;30 years old, being university-educated, being in a relationship, greater GBQ+ social engagement, being a PrEP user or person living with HIV vs. an HIV-negative non-PrEP-user, testing for HIV in the last year vs. &gt;12 months ago, being diagnosed with chlamydia ≤12 months ago, having 2–10 recent sexual partners or &gt; 10 partners vs. one recent partner, and meeting sex partners at sex venues and overseas. No vaccination was associated with: being bisexual vs. gay, being born in Asia or Latin America vs. Australia, and living in outer metropolitan or regional/remote areas vs. inner metropolitan areas. Compared to partial vaccination, full vaccination was associated with: being &gt;30 years old, being a transgender vs. cisgender man, being university educated, and having &gt;10 recent sexual partners vs. one.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Socially and clinically engaged gay men were more likely to be vaccinated against mpox. Younger participants, bisexual participants, those born in Asia and Latin America, and those living outside inner metropolitan areas were less likely to be vaccinated. We recommend targeted messaging and outreach to increase vaccination among people who attend sexual health services less frequently and those less socially engaged with QBQ+ people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicted impact of HPV vaccination and primary HPV screening on precancer treatment rates and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Australia 2010–2070: Modelling in a high income, high vaccination coverage country with HPV-based cervical screening","authors":"Susan Yuill ,&nbsp;Michaela T. Hall ,&nbsp;Michael Caruana ,&nbsp;Gigi Lui ,&nbsp;Louiza S. Velentzis ,&nbsp;Megan A. Smith ,&nbsp;C. David Wrede ,&nbsp;Deborah Bateson ,&nbsp;Karen Canfell","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Treatment of cervical precancer may be associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Australia introduced routine quadrivalent HPV vaccination (HPV4) in 2007, switching to nonavalent vaccination (HPV9) in 2018, and 5-yearly HPV screening in December 2017. We estimated the impact of HPV vaccination and HPV screening on precancer treatments, and thus on future preterm births (PTBs) and low birth weight (LBW) infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a model of HPV infection, natural history, cervical screening and precancer treatment, coupled with a Monte-Carlo model of fertility and obstetric outcomes, we estimated rates and numbers of precancer cervical treatments, PTBs and LBW infants in women with singleton pregnancies in Australia from 2010 to 2070. These outcomes were estimated for four scenarios: i) a base scenario, assuming the current HPV screening and vaccination programs; and three alternative scenarios: ii) future twice-lifetime screening in cohorts offered HPV9; (iii) no HPV vaccination program introduced (counterfactual); and (iv) HPV4 was never replaced with HPV9 (counterfactual).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Precancer treatment rates are predicted to decrease by 82 % between 2010 and 2070 in the context of HPV9 vaccination and ongoing 5-yearly screening, with an additional 42 % reduction by changing to twice-lifetime screening in HPV9 cohorts. An estimated 800,388 treatments would be averted over 2010–2070 by HPV9 compared to no vaccination, 80 % of these due to vaccine protection against HPV16/18. These treatment reductions will result in 22,441 (32,011) fewer PTBs (LBW infants) over 2010–2070 due to vaccine protection against HPV16/18, and a further 4359 (6298) due to vaccine protection against HPV31/33/45/52/58. An additional 3174 (4621) events would be averted with future twice-lifetime screening in HPV9 cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This analysis demonstrates that the benefits of HPV vaccination programs extend beyond prevention of HPV-related disease. HPV vaccination will reduce PTBs and LBW infants, with a further reduction with future twice-lifetime screening for HPV9 cohorts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are health education effective to improve herpes zoster vaccine willingness in vulnerable elderly","authors":"Xiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianshuo Zhao ,&nbsp;Xianming Cai ,&nbsp;Wanxue Zhang ,&nbsp;Ninghua Huang ,&nbsp;Juan Du ,&nbsp;Jing Zeng ,&nbsp;Qing-bin Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanshan Zhang ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Compared to other vaccines recommended for the elderly, the effectiveness of health education in improving the willingness to vaccinate the herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) in low-come residents remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited elderly participants from villages in Lingcheng District, and assigned each village to one of three health education interventions: oral health education, brochure-based health education, or video health education. The follow-up surveys were conducted immediately after each intervention. Baseline survey and the fifth follow-up were conducted at the beginning and end of the study, respectively. We assessed respondents' willingness to vaccinate the HZV under different pricing scenarios, as well as their reasons for accepting or refusing to vaccinate HVZ. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify potential similar trends in vaccination willingness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1027 recruited, 946 completed 5 follow-ups. Data shows only when HZV was free, willingness to vaccinate could increase significantly across all interventions. Heterogeneity among population clusters has been identified on intervention effectiveness and comorbidity may be an important cause. Vaccine effectiveness and personal infection risk motivated acceptance, while accessibility and affordability were barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Health education improves HZV vaccination willingness, under free pricing scenario. Lowering HZV costs through health insurance or affordable options is necessary for successful education initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the early life stages of SARS-CoV-2 using a multi-peptide conjugate vaccine","authors":"Lauren Myburgh ,&nbsp;Haiko Karsjens ,&nbsp;Athanasios Blanas ,&nbsp;Aafke de Ligt ,&nbsp;Karlijn van Loon ,&nbsp;Elisabeth J.M. Huijbers ,&nbsp;Judy R. van Beijnum ,&nbsp;Diederik J.M. Engbersen ,&nbsp;Abdessalem Rekiki ,&nbsp;Charlotte Mignon ,&nbsp;Oxana Vratskikh ,&nbsp;Arjan W. Griffioen","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spike glycoprotein is a key factor in the infection cycle of SARS-CoV-2, as it mediates both receptor recognition and membrane fusion by the virus. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to design a multi-peptide conjugate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, targeting the early stages of the virus's life cycle. We used iBoost technology, which is designed to induce immune responses against low- or non-immunogenic epitopes. We selected six peptide sequences, each representing a key domain of the spike protein (i.e., receptor binding domain (RBM), subdomain 1 (SD1), subdomain 2 (SD2), S1/S2, fusion peptide and the S2’ sequences (FP + S2’), heptad repeat 1 (HR1)). Immunization studies in mice displayed targeted humoral and cellular immune responses against specific peptides of the spike protein simultaneously, while inducing cross-protection against the Delta and Omicron coronavirus variants. Moreover, vaccinated hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 elicited high antibody levels against key peptides, induced early neutralizing antibody responses and resulted in less weight loss compared to controls. This highlights the potential for improving viral control and disease outcomes when utilizing this strategy. Therefore, by using iBoost technology in conjunction with our peptide design strategy, we were able to successfully target non-immunodominant regions in the spike protein while activating both arms of the adaptive immune system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126989"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum anti-gbs2106 protein immunoglobulin G (IgG) in newborns and risk reduction of invasive group B streptococcus disease during early infancy.","authors":"Vicky Gent ,&nbsp;Nisha Dhar ,&nbsp;Alane Izu ,&nbsp;Stephanie Jones ,&nbsp;Ziyaad Dangor ,&nbsp;Carmen Briner ,&nbsp;Nancy Hosken ,&nbsp;Gaurav Kwatra ,&nbsp;Shabir A. Madhi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against Group B <em>streptococcus</em> (GBS) epitopes is transferred transplacentally from the mother to the fetus. A GBS putative protein, gbs2106, has been previously identified as a potential GBS protein antigen vaccine candidate. However, its genetic prevalence and surface expression in GBS-isolates has not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence, surface expression and association of maternal-acquired serum anti-gbs2106 IgG in newborns and risk reduction of infant invasive GBS disease through to 90 days of age in a South African-based cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a nested case-control study within a previously established birth cohort that was designed to investigate serological markers associated with risk reduction of invasive GBS disease. In the parent study, additional cases were identified through a hospital surveillance system which included infants diagnosed with culture-confirmed invasive GBS disease outside the original cohort study. In this current study, surface expression of gbs2106 was analyzed on recto-vaginal colonizing isolates from mothers whose infants remained healthy, and on isolates from infants who developed invasive GBS disease. Flow cytometry was used to determine surface expression levels. The anti-gbs2106 IgG in maternal and infant or cord blood was measured using a bead-based assay on the Luminex platform.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The gbs2106 gene was present on all colonizing GBS-isolates from women in the control group and infant invasive GBS-isolates. The gbs2106 protein was expressed on 81.6 % (71/87) and 82.2 % (48/58) of maternal colonizing isolates and invasive GBS-isolates, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation (<em>r</em> = 0.855, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) of maternal and cord serum anti-gbs2106 IgG levels, with the combined cord to maternal anti-gbs2106 IgG geometric mean concentration ratio being 0.9 (IQR 0.7–1.1). Serum anti-gbs2106 IgG geometric mean concentrations in the infants were lower among the invasive disease cases (158.7 arbitrary units [AU]/ml; 95 %CI: 102.3–246.2) compared with controls (304.8 AU/ml; 95 %CI: 226.8–409.8; <em>p</em> = 0.012).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study demonstrates an inverse association between infant serum anti-gbs2106 IgG and risk of invasive GBS disease, indicating gbs2106 protein as a potential vaccine candidate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health care institutions and their physicians are the greatest promoters of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers","authors":"Laetitia Ricci ,&nbsp;Cécile Fery ,&nbsp;Florence Tubach ,&nbsp;Nelly Agrinier ,&nbsp;Amandine Gagneux-Brunon","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>ESPERES, a prospective e-cohort study is designed to assess attitudes and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic among French health care workers.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to document (i) their confidence in the information directly transmitted by their health care institutions; (ii) the role of physicians in the development of normative beliefs about vaccines against COVID-19 among them; (iii) their view of issues related to governmental health institution communication; and (iv) the impact of this communication on their posture to promote vaccine adherence among patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted semistructured interviews with health care workers from the ESPERES cohort (<em>n</em> = 50). We based our maximal variation strategy mainly on the social gradient. We proceeded to a thematic analysis following an inductive approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vaccine programs should rely on health care workers' high level of confidence in the information provided directly by their health care institutions. Moreover, our results indicated that in health care institutions, the behavior of physicians influences the normative beliefs and the personal motivation to get vaccinated through a trickle-down effect (from physicians to allied health professionals), as well as a trickle-around effect (between physicians). Additionally, it appeared that physicians' eagerness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was a major determinant in promoting the reassurance of other health care workers. However, they all reported a lack of reliability of the information provided by governmental health institutions, which contributed to patients' vaccine hesitancy. In this context, in contrast to clinicians, nurses and assistant nurses did not promote vaccination against COVID-19 in order to preserve their relationship with hesitant patients, which highlights the need of future vaccine programs to better involve these professionals who work closely with patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results are very informative for sustaining the implementation of vaccine programs among health care workers in the case of future pandemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with influenza and COVID-19 vaccination among health workers in Lao PDR, 2023","authors":"Chansay Patthammavong ,&nbsp;Natalie Wodniak ,&nbsp;Kongxay Phounphenghack ,&nbsp;Chankham Tengbriacheu ,&nbsp;Bandith Soumphonphakdy ,&nbsp;Viengkhan Phixay ,&nbsp;Chansavang Vongkhamsao ,&nbsp;Viengphone Khanthamaly ,&nbsp;Jaymin C. Patel ,&nbsp;Martha P. Montgomery ,&nbsp;Margaret McCarron ,&nbsp;William W. Davis ,&nbsp;Julie Carlton ,&nbsp;Eva S. Bazant ,&nbsp;Ann C. Moen ,&nbsp;Phonethipsavanh Nouanthong","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding vaccine uptake and related factors among health care workers is critical to successful vaccination programs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in central, provincial, district hospitals and health centers among health workers in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) in November 2023 to assess health workers' experience with influenza and COVID-19 vaccination, vaccination uptake, intended uptake, and intention to recommend both vaccinations to patients in the future. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with these practices. Among 1228 surveyed health workers in six provinces, 55 % were nurses, assistant nurses, or midwives; 32 % were doctors or assistant doctors; and 14 % had other occupations. Overall, 77 % of respondents were female, and the median age was 34 years (interquartile range 29–42 years). Current influenza vaccination and receipt of COVID-19 booster doses were 70 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 62–78 %) and 90 % (95 % CI: 87–92 %), respectively. If vaccines were available for free in the future, approximately 94 % and 92 % of health workers would receive influenza and COVID-19 vaccination, respectively. Nearly all health workers would recommend influenza (98 %) and COVID-19 (95 %) vaccination to their patients. Health workers who had received influenza vaccination prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to have received current influenza vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95 % CI: 3.7, 2.8–4.9) and to intend to receive influenza vaccination in the future (aOR 2.7, 95 % CI: 1.1–6.8). Health workers who were vaccinated for influenza in the current season were more likely to receive COVID-19 booster doses and to intend to receive future booster doses (aOR, 95 % CI: 2.2, 1.3–3.7 and 2.5, 1.2–5.1, respectively). Intention to recommend influenza vaccination to patients was associated with the intention to recommend COVID-19 vaccination to patients, and vice versa. High acceptance for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination among health workers can support a successful vaccination program in Lao PDR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the health belief model (HBM) to understand COVID-19 vaccine uptake among youth and young adults: Findings from a 6-month follow-up study in the United States","authors":"Jiayi Xu,&nbsp;Shahin Davoudpour,&nbsp;Gregory Phillips II","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for COVID-19 prevention. Monitoring and increasing vaccine uptake among youth and young adults (YYA) not only prevents the spread of the disease but also protects their health and well-being from serious COVID-19 illness. This study applied the health belief model (HBM) to understand the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among YYA in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In early 2021, we conducted a national, online survey among diverse YYA aged 14 to 24 years in the United States. Between July 2021 and September 2022, this study followed participants who were not vaccinated for six months to learn about their vaccine status and prevention behaviors (<em>N</em> = 245). We explored the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination among YYA by age, race/ethnicity, and sexual and gender identities. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate associations between HBM constructs and COVID-19 vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The majority of participants had received a vaccine. (80.8 %). We observed significant differences in COVID-19 vaccination uptake by age; those aged 18 to 21 years were over 3 times as likely to report receiving a vaccine. Regarding the HBM constructs, we found that health motivation, perceived benefits, and protection self-efficacy were significantly associated with vaccine uptake among YYA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the effectiveness of HBM in understanding COVID-19 vaccine uptake among YYA in the United States. The findings suggest that health motivation, perceived benefits of vaccination, and protection self-efficacy are key factors driving vaccine uptake in this demographic. Significant age differences in vaccination rates indicate that targeted interventions for younger age groups, particularly those aged 14 to 17 years, may be necessary to increase vaccination coverage. These insights can inform future public health strategies to improve vaccine acceptance and uptake, ensuring better health outcomes and protection against future public health crises in YYA populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of the gonorrhoea human challenge model to accelerate vaccine development in UK men","authors":"C. Firth ,&nbsp;K. Emary ,&nbsp;A. Stuart ,&nbsp;R. Browne ,&nbsp;M. Williamson ,&nbsp;E. Francis ,&nbsp;S. Vanderslott ,&nbsp;S.H. Hodgson","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>281 million people worldwide were diagnosed with a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 2020. Antimicrobial therapy for bacterial STIs is a key contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistant gonorrhoea is an urgent global health threat. Development of an efficacious gonorrhoea vaccine is a global health priority to address AMR. The controlled human infection model for gonorrhoea (GC-CHIM) could accelerate gonorrhoea vaccine development. This work sought to assess the acceptability of the urogenital model to UK men.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-methods study of UK men aged 18–35 years old was undertaken to assess acceptability of the urogenital GC-CHIM to UK men and attitudes to STI research, vaccines and AMR. Participants completed an online survey indicating their agreement with a series of statements using a Likert scale. Semi-structured interviews were performed on a subset of participants to gain insight into their survey responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Survey responses from 72 participants and 13 interviewees highlighted stigma associated with STIs as a key barrier to, and perceived risk of, participation in STI research and GC-CHIM studies. Financial reimbursement was an important motivator, and some felt this should include compensation for intimate procedures, potential embarrassment and sexual abstinence. Individuals willing to participate in a GC-CHIM study were more likely to have personal experience of STIs, be educated to postgraduate level and describe their sexuality as gay or bisexual than those who were ambivalent or opposed to participation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Recruitment of participants to UK urogenital GC-CHIM studies is feasible. Sexual abstinence can be a significant inconvenience for individuals that could be recognised via reimbursement. Care should be taken generalising results from STI vaccine research where participants may not be representative of the general population. Investigators in STI research should recognise stigmatisation as a potential risk for participants and promote their STI research sensitively as a means to counter misinformation and stigma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative AI for vaccine misbelief correction: Insights from targeting extraversion and pseudoscientific beliefs","authors":"Hang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Misinformation about vaccines is a significant barrier to public health, fueling hesitancy and resistance. Generative AI offers a scalable tool for assisting public health communicators in crafting targeted correction messages tailored to audience characteristics. This study investigates the effectiveness of AI-generated messages targeting extraversion and pseudoscientific beliefs compared to high-quality generic and non-vaccine-related messages.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In a between-subjects experiment, 1435 U.S. adults were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control, generic correction, extraversion-targeting correction, or pseudoscientific-belief-targeting correction. Participants rated their agreement with vaccine misbelief statements before and after exposure to a correction message. AI was used to generate the targeted correction messages, while the generic and control messages were sourced from real-world examples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Extraversion-targeting messages significantly reduced vaccine misbeliefs, performing comparably to high-quality generic messages, particularly among participants with higher extraversion levels. However, these effects did not extend to general vaccination attitudes. Pseudoscientific-belief-targeting messages were ineffective and, in some cases, backfired, reinforcing negative attitudes among individuals with strong pseudoscientific beliefs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates the potential of AI-assisted message generation for crafting effective correction messages, particularly when targeting personality traits like extraversion. However, the findings suggest that certain AI-generated messages may be less effective or even counterproductive when targeting entrenched beliefs, underscoring the need for human oversight in refining AI-generated messages. Future research should explore additional audience characteristics and optimize human-AI collaboration to enhance the effectiveness of AI-generated correction messages in public health communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}