东地中海区域卫生经济学和疫苗筹资：需求评估

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127780

Palwasha Anwari , Gerald Sume , Wedyan Meshreky , Nathalie Vande Maele , So Yoon Sim , Karene Hoi Ting Yeung , Diana Kizza , Philipp Lambach , Maarten Paul Maria Jansen , Raymond Hutubessy , Quamrul Hasan

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引用次数: 0

摘要

世界卫生组织东地中海区域面临疫苗可预防疾病的沉重负担，需要有效利用有限的资源。进行了一项区域需求评估，以评估卫生经济学和疫苗筹资目前在国家免疫规划和政策制定方面的应用情况，确定能力差距，并为量身定制的技术支持提供信息。方法于2025年1月28日至2月18日进行结构化在线调查。它针对所有22个EMR国家的扩大免疫规划管理人员和国家免疫技术咨询小组主席。调查表探讨了五个专题领域：卫生经济学和疫苗筹资的当前能力、培训和能力建设需求、对技术支持的需求、数据的可得性和决策中的使用，以及卫生部和NITAGs免疫接种利益攸关方疫苗筹资的战略规划。该调查采用多项选择、李克特量表和开放式问题。结果采用描述性统计进行分析，并按收入水平进行分类。结果有效率为73%（16/22个国家）。只有三个国家（19%）报告将卫生经济学充分纳入其免疫规划，而56% （n = 9）报告很少或没有纳入。有三个国家设有专门负责免疫的卫生经济学联络人。在两个高收入国家，免疫规划在卫生经济学方面表现出较强的能力，而其他国家则表现出低至中等水平。10个国家（63%）认为它们在免疫接种财务预测和规划方面的能力中等或较高，但11个国家（69%）认为它们在成本效益分析和疫苗财务可持续性方面的能力低至零。数据的获取情况各不相同，25%的国家认为数据很容易获取。结论研究结果强调，无论收入水平如何，都需要加强将卫生经济学和疫苗融资纳入整个EMR的免疫规划和政策决策。量身定制的能力建设、技术支持和跨部门合作，特别是与学术界的合作，至关重要。

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Health economics and vaccine financing in the eastern Mediterranean region: A needs assessment

Introduction

The World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) faces a high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases requiring efficient use of limited resources. A regional needs assessment was conducted to evaluate the current application of health economics and vaccine financing in national immunization programmes and policy formulation, identify capacity gaps, and inform tailored technical support.

Methods

A structured online survey was administered between January 28 and February 18, 2025. It targeted expended programme on immunization (EPI) managers and National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) chairs across all 22 EMR countries. The questionnaire explored five thematic areas: current capacity in health economics and vaccine financing, training and capacity-building needs, demand for technical support, data availability and use in decision-making, and strategic planning for vaccine financing among immunization stakeholders at Ministry of Health and in NITAGs. The survey used multiple-choice, Likert-scale, and open-ended questions. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and disaggregated by income level.

Results

The response rate was 73 % (16/22 countries). Only three countries (19 %) reported full integration of health economics within their immunization programmes, while 56 % (n = 9) reported minimal or no integration. Three countries had a dedicated health economics focal person for immunization. In two high-income countries immunization programmes demonstrated stronger capacity in health economics, whereas the rest of countries demonstrated low to moderate levels. Ten countries (63 %) rated their capacity in financial forecasting and planning for immunization as moderate or high, but eleven (69 %) rated their capacity in cost-effectiveness analysis and vaccine financial sustainability as low to none. Access to data varied, with 25 % of countries finding it easily accessible.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the need to strengthen the integration of health economics and vaccine financing into immunization programmes and policy decision-making across the EMR, irrespective of income level. Tailored capacity-building, technical support, and cross-sectoral collaboration, particularly with academia, are essential.

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来源期刊

Vaccine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

5.50%

发文量

992

审稿时长

131 days

期刊介绍： Vaccine is unique in publishing the highest quality science across all disciplines relevant to the field of vaccinology - all original article submissions across basic and clinical research, vaccine manufacturing, history, public policy, behavioral science and ethics, social sciences, safety, and many other related areas are welcomed. The submission categories as given in the Guide for Authors indicate where we receive the most papers. Papers outside these major areas are also welcome and authors are encouraged to contact us with specific questions.