Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Timeliness and completeness of serial routine vaccinations among 8062 rural children in southwest China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling survey in 1094 villages","authors":"Xin-xuan Hu ,&nbsp;Ze-zhen Qin ,&nbsp;Zhi-yang Mo ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun-jie Ye ,&nbsp;Xiao-hong Ma ,&nbsp;Xian-yan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine vaccination, previous studies had revealed the drop on routine-vaccination coverage in many areas, but no study gave considerable attention to the timeliness and completeness of routine vaccination in rural China at this immunization crisis. This study assessed the timeliness and completeness of serial routine vaccinations among children in rural China, aimed to discover the impact of the pandemic, and provide evidence for further immunization catch-up and supplementary immunization activities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multi-stage stratified cluster survey among 8404 children aged 9–48 months in rural Guangxi. We obtained the vaccination status from the child's vaccination certificate and calculated timely vaccination coverage, complete vaccination coverage, timely-and-complete vaccination coverage, and 95 % CI for routine vaccination through weighted estimation analysis. Weighted Kaplan-Meier analyses were applied to estimate the median delay periods, and complete coverage and timely-and-complete coverage for serial vaccines were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall vaccination coverage for every dose of routine vaccines was over 90 %, but timely vaccination coverage was unsatisfactory (43.86 % for DPT3 and 41.22 % for OPV3). The complete vaccination coverage of multi-dose vaccines was above 90 %, but the timely-and-complete vaccination coverage was lower than 70 %, ranging from the lowest of 32.87 % for DTP1–4 to the highest of 64.34 % for MCV1–2. The median delayed periods for HepB1, OPV2, OPV3, DTP1, DTP2, DTP3, DTP4, and MCV2 were longer than those in the pre-COVID era, especially for HepB1, which extended from 1 to 20 days. The coverage of overall vaccination, timely vaccination, and complete vaccination for children born in 2019 was lower than those in the 2020 and 2021 birth cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The timeliness and completeness of vaccination in rural China fell short of expectations during the COVID era. Delayed vaccination remains a significant concern and has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant BCGΔBCG1419c protects outbred mice against M. tuberculosis challenge","authors":"Sherry L. Kurtz ,&nbsp;Victoria Gould ,&nbsp;Mario A. Flores-Valdez ,&nbsp;Karen L. Elkins","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> remains a global health threat despite the world-wise use of the vaccine Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). Introducing a new vaccine could help to combat this pandemic, and efforts are underway to develop novel candidates, including by modifying parental BCG. Here, we use the genetically and phenotypically heterogenous Diversity Outbred mice to test the efficacy of the novel vaccine candidate BCGΔBCG1419c. BCGΔBCG1419c contains a mutation in BCG1419c, a phosphodiesterase linked with biofilm formation. BCGΔBCG1419c was previously shown to be more attenuated than the parental BCG strain in inbred mice and to provide protection against aerogenic <em>M. tuberculosis</em> challenge in inbred mice and guinea pigs. In the current study, we find that protection afforded by BCGΔBCG1419c in outbred DO mice is at least equivalent to, if not better than, that provided by parental BCG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy during parenthood in British Columbia","authors":"Alex Halonen,&nbsp;Heidi Sze Lok Fan,&nbsp;Stephanie Masina,&nbsp;Rishma Chooniedass,&nbsp;Elizabeth Keys,&nbsp;Marie Tarrant","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccine uptake was significantly lower in children under 12 when compared with adults. Vaccine hesitancy was a potential key contributor to the challenges faced in COVID-19 vaccine uptake</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online cross-sectional survey was conducted across British Columbia, Canada, from October to December 2021 to understand the COVID-19 vaccine perceptions of parents of children under 12 years of age. Participants completed a modified version of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS). Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with parental vaccine hesitancy and to explore the relationship between parental vaccine intentions and vaccine hesitancy</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 993 parents participated in the study. One-half of parents (52.1 %) were vaccine hesitant for pediatric COVID-19 vaccines. For every additional child under 12 in a household, parents were more hesitant (adjusted odds ration [aOR] 1.69, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.28–2.24). Vaccinated parents (aOR 0.01, 95 % CI 0.004–0.02 vs. unvaccinated parents) and parents of children immunized for influenza (aOR 0.18, 95 % CI 0.12–0.29 vs. parents of children not immunized for influenzas) were less likely to be hesitant. Participants who received a COVID-19 vaccine recommendation from their healthcare provider were also less likely to be hesitant (aOR 0.37, 95 % CI 0.18–0.79). Vaccine hesitant parents were less likely to intend to vaccinate their child when compared with a parent who was not vaccine hesitant (aOR 0.001, 95 % CI 0.0004–0.005)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings from this study identify factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine decision-making, supporting the application of the VHS in clinical practice to allow for more strategic implementation of vaccine-promotion resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of digital communication message on HPV vaccine decision-making among Japanese mothers: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Kana Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Ken Masuda ,&nbsp;Joseph T. Wu ,&nbsp;Leesa Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background: In Japan, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake has been hindered by public distrust and misinformation. Understanding which message components can effectively influence mothers' vaccine decision-making is critical for restoring confidence and improving coverage.</div><div>Objective: To assess the impact of different message components on mothers' willingness to vaccinate their daughters against HPV.</div><div>Methods: This study employed an online 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 between-person factorial randomized controlled trial with a nationally representative sample of 1439 Japanese mothers of daughters aged 11–18. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of 16 digital text-based messages varying by four components: messenger (individual or organization), content (effectiveness or safety), style (storytelling or scientific data), and misinformation (misinformation or factual information). Outcomes were willingness to vaccinate, confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness, message trust, and concern about HPV-related diseases. Logistic regression and model fit statistics were used to assess the impact of components.</div><div>Results: Among 1324 mothers analyzed, messages with factual information significantly increased willingness to vaccinate daughters compared to misinformation (25.9 % vs. 11.3 %; OR = 2.75; 95 % CI = 2.02–3.74), while trust was higher for organizational messages (91.6 %; OR = 1.58; 95 % CI = 1.10–2.27). Storytelling messages increased concerns about HPV-related diseases more than scientific data (40.4 % vs. 31.9 %, OR = 1.45; 95 % CI = 1.15–1.82). Although factual information and trusted sources positively influenced attitudes, a single digital message was insufficient to significantly increase vaccination uptake. Furthermore, misinformation reduced confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness.</div><div>Conclusions: Digital messages containing factual information and delivered by organizations positively influence mothers' intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV in Japan. These findings support strategies that emphasize trusted sources and factual content while countering misinformation to improve vaccine confidence and uptake. The study was registered at <span><span>Clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (<span><span>NCT06347627</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between parental and child influenza vaccination: A national health survey analysis","authors":"Changhyun Kim ,&nbsp;Dongkyu Lee ,&nbsp;Yeon Woo Oh ,&nbsp;Sun Jae Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Influenza vaccination effectively prevents influenza-related illness and hospitalization. However, vaccination rates among Korean children and adolescents remain suboptimal. Given the strong influence of parents on their children's vaccination decisions, this study investigated the relationship between parental influenza vaccination status and their children's vaccine uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 10,674 child-parent pairs from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected in 2010–2012 and 2014–2022. Parental and children's vaccination statuses within the past year were surveyed using a self-reported question. Parental vaccination status was grouped into four categories: none-, father-only-, mother-only-, and both-vaccinated group. Children's influenza vaccination rates by age were analyzed using survey weighted proportions. Survey weighted multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between parental and children's influenza vaccination statuses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vaccination rates were consistently higher in children with both parents vaccinated compared to those with neither parent vaccinated, and this difference was more pronounced at older child ages. Compared to children with unvaccinated parents, those with vaccinated fathers (OR = 1.84; 95 % CI: 1.46–2.33), mothers (OR = 9.39; 95 % CI: 7.68–11.47), or both parents (OR = 19.74; 95 % CI: 15.20–25.63) had significantly higher odds of vaccination. These associations showed a dose-response relationship (P for trend &lt;0.001) and remained consistent across age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parental influenza vaccination status was strongly associated with children's vaccination uptake, with a clear dose-response pattern based on the number of vaccinated parents. These findings suggest that family-based vaccination strategies could effectively improve vaccination rates among children and adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-demographic and behavioral predictors of multiple-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake among older adults in Hong Kong: A community-based cross-sectional study of the generations connect project","authors":"He Wan Jia Aaron,&nbsp;Runqi Yuan,&nbsp;Siu Chee Sophia Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults face higher risks of severe outcomes from COVID-19, yet vaccine uptake varies widely due to socio-demographic and behavioral factors. This study examines predictors of multiple-dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake among older adults in Hong Kong to inform targeted public health interventions. In 2023, 3229 older adults (mean [SD] age: 77·65 [7·06]) were visited at home by trained student interventionists. Data were collected on COVID-19 vaccine doses received, socio-demographic factors, health status, primary healthcare services use, eHealth literacy, and chronic disease risk factors. Generalized ordinal logistic regression examined predictors across two thresholds: threshold 1 (&lt;3 vs. ≥3 doses) and threshold 2 (&gt;3 vs. ≤3 doses). For threshold 1, older age (odds ratio (OR): 0·96, 95 % CI: 0·94–0·97) was linked to a lower likelihood, while better mental wellbeing (WHO-5 score: 1·01, 1·00–1·02), joining District Health Centers (vs. not, 1·42, 1·09–1·85), and frequent outdoor activities (&gt;4 vs. &lt;1 days/week: 1·78, 1·03–3·06) increased the likelihood. For threshold 2, lower educational levels (primary or below vs. tertiary: 0·60, 0·43–0·83) and living in public housing (vs. not, 0·79, 0·66–0·93) were barriers, whereas joining District Health Centers (vs. not, 1·27, 1·07–1·51), higher eHealth literacy (OR 1.01, 95 % CI 1.01–1.02), frequent outdoor activities (&gt;4 vs. &lt;1 days/week, 1·01, 1·01–1·02), and regular exercise (&gt;300 vs. &lt;150 min/week, 1·36, 1·05–1·76) promoted uptake. In the short term, older age hindered three-dose protection, while better mental wellbeing and community engagement helped. Long-term, lower education and public housing were barriers to boosters, whereas higher eHealth literacy and active lifestyles promoted uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare workers' current practices, knowledge/awareness, barriers, and attitudes/perceptions related to pneumococcal vaccination of older adults: A mixed-methods systematic review","authors":"Asia Akther ,&nbsp;Cassandra Laurie ,&nbsp;Tara Elton-Marshall ,&nbsp;Valentina Ly ,&nbsp;Giorgia Sulis","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite global efforts, pneumococcal vaccination uptake among older adults remains significantly low. Previous literature suggests that vaccine promotion by healthcare workers plays an essential role in uptake. We conducted a systematic review to examine healthcare workers' current practices, and to identify capability, opportunity, and motivation factors regarding pneumococcal vaccination for older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of both quantitative and qualitative studies was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, AgeLine, and Scopus databases and in the grey literature to identify relevant published studies from inception to November 2, 2023, with no language restrictions. The Joanna-Briggs Institute methodology for mixed-methods systematic reviews was used (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023480576). Studies conducted on healthcare workers related to pneumococcal vaccination in older adults (65 years and older) were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for the quantitative and mixed-methods studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tool for qualitative studies. In addition, we used the convergent integrated and segregated approach to synthesize proportions and relevant themes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 42 studies (38 quantitative and four qualitative), of which 20 evaluated factors related to current practice, 27 capability, 24 opportunity, and 28 motivations. Our review findings suggest that practices varied considerably. However, most health providers knew about pneumococcal vaccination and had a positive attitude/perception toward it. Common barriers to pneumococcal vaccination in older adults included finances (e.g., high cost to patients/system), logistics (e.g., insufficient time/information), availability of information (e.g., insufficient education/campaigns), patient-related (e.g., hesitancy/refusal), and system factors (e.g., unclear guidelines/recommendations).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As the aging population rises, it is imperative to prioritize global efforts to protect older adults from vaccine-preventable illnesses, such as pneumococcal disease. The current study identifies critical barriers to address among healthcare workers to improve vaccination rates among older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendritic cell-based vaccines, a promising prospect for ending AIDS and eradication of HIV worldwide: A narrative review on the latest updates","authors":"Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi ,&nbsp;Shiva Alipour ,&nbsp;Sarina Aminizadeh ,&nbsp;Seyyed Mohammad Yaghoubi ,&nbsp;Sepideh Sohrabi ,&nbsp;Zahra Ghahramanipour ,&nbsp;Amir Azimi ,&nbsp;Fateme Yousefimoghadam ,&nbsp;Behzad Baradaran","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant challenges are presented as a result of the ongoing HIV/AIDS pandemic, particularly given the ongoing burden of new infections and the lack of a proven treatment. Among other approaches, vaccinations based on Dendritic Cells (DCs) have become a viable tactic in the fight against HIV. These vaccines take advantage of DCs' special capacity to deliver antigens, which makes them crucial mediators between innate and adaptive immune responses. DC-based vaccines seek to offer a prolonged and effective protection against the virus by stimulating immunological responses against HIV-infected cells and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This narrative review highlights the recent advancements in DC-based vaccine development for HIV/AIDS. It explores various vaccine strategies, including DC/SHIV fusion vaccines, peptide-pulsed DC vaccines, mRNA-based DC vaccines, and lentiviral vector-modified DC vaccines. These methods have shown promise in preclinical and clinical trials by eliciting strong immune responses, especially by activating HIV-specific T cells and modulating immune checkpoints like PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The review emphasizes how these vaccines can enhance immune responses, reduce viral load, and potentially contribute to a functional cure for HIV.</div><div>This study aims to offer a thorough update on the process and obstacles in DC-based vaccine development for HIV/AIDS. This review also addresses clinical trials and future directions for optimizing these vaccines' safety, efficacy, and scalability for global application. Through an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and potential of DC-based vaccines, this paper underscores their promising prospects as an essential element of a comprehensive HIV eradication strategy worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 vaccine incentives' effectiveness and differential impact on high-risk groups: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Noel T. Brewer ,&nbsp;Emmanuel M. Rockwell ,&nbsp;Aditi Tomar ,&nbsp;Edwin B. Fisher ,&nbsp;Melissa B. Gilkey ,&nbsp;Allison J. Lazard ,&nbsp;Joseph G. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>We sought to evaluate the impact of guaranteed immediate cash incentives on Covid-19 vaccine initiation. We hypothesized that incentives' impact is bigger at vaccination sites serving higher risk patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 4,303,542 adults who received a first Covid-19 vaccine dose in North Carolina, US from December 2020 through August 2021. The state's incentive program guaranteed payments of $25 (and later $100) immediately after receiving the first dose of Covid-19 vaccine or $25 for providing transportation. Analyses used a difference in differences approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Covid-19 vaccine initiation declined less over time in the 32 vaccination sites offering incentives than in 2352 comparison sites (interaction <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Incentive program vaccination sites saw Covid-19 vaccine initiation fall from an average of 382 doses per week to 72 doses. This was a decline of 81% in unadjusted analysis, and 51% after adjusting for covariates (IRR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.46–0.52). Sites not offering the incentives saw Covid-19 vaccine initiation fall from an average of 168 doses per week to 24 doses. This was a decline of 86% in unadjusted analyses, and 83% in adjusted analyses (IRR = 0.17, 95%CI = 0.17–0.18). The incentive program was more effective for sites serving more patients who were young, male, Hispanic, and American Indian and Alaska Native (3-way interactions, all <em>p</em> &lt; .001) but not Black.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Vaccination sites offering incentives had a smaller decline in Covid-19 vaccine uptake, though the mechanism requires additional study. Vaccine incentive programs may be more effective at sites serving more younger, male, Hispanic and Native patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood vaccination catch-up and recovery plans for mitigating immunity gap post the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of selected African countries","authors":"Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem,&nbsp;Godfrey Musuka,&nbsp;Phionah Lynn Atuhebwe,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dadari,&nbsp;Anisur Rahman Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the start of the pandemic, routine vaccination has been delayed or suspended in many countries. Over one-third of countries have had continued disruptions to routine immunization programs in 2021. Since 2020, there has been an increase in zero-dose children, leading to a substantial immunity gap in many developing countries. Unvaccinated children have become susceptible to outbreaks due to missed immunization doses. Post-pandemic, measles, polio, and cholera outbreaks have occurred. To address this challenge, UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) have launched the Big Catch-up campaign to accelerate catch-up efforts, promote recovery, and enhance routine immunization programs in priority countries.</div><div>This paper outlines the prevalent challenges associated with reaching underserved children over the past four years, with a focus on the implementation of catch-up and recovery initiatives in 10 countries in two regions of Africa (East and Southern Africa (ESAR) and West and Central Africa Region (WCAR).</div><div>The study findings indicated that it was feasible to identify children who had not received any vaccinations in the country by utilizing various data sources documented in research papers. An initial obstacle encountered was locating these children within the community. Thematic analysis of the plans culminated in categorizing the primary challenge, initially involving vaccinating children over 2 years old per national policy. The subsequent difficulties encompassed identifying these children, generating demand for vaccinations among older children, and reporting on the population of children who had not received any vaccines. The strategies primarily revolved around fortifying the data system to capture these zero-dose children, implementing catch-up campaigns, and the Periodic Intensification of Routine Immunization (PIRI). The successful execution of the proposed strategies may diminish immunity gaps and reinforce routine immunization services, aligning with the IA2030 agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}