Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Relative effectiveness of adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines in older adults with risk factors for influenza complications during the 2019–2020 U.S. influenza season","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the MF59®-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV) versus standard-dose nonadjuvanted egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVe) for the prevention of influenza-related medical encounters (IRMEs), outpatient IRMEs, and influenza- and pneumonia-related hospitalizations during the 2019–2020 US influenza season among adults ≥65 years of age who had ≥1 high-risk condition. A secondary objective evaluated the rVE of aTIV versus QIVe in preventing these outcomes among older adults with specific high-risk conditions. This retrospective cohort study included US adults ≥65 years of age vaccinated with aTIV or QIVe between August 1, 2019, and January 31, 2020. Exposures, covariates, risk factors, and outcomes were captured from a linked dataset comprised of electronic health records (EHR) (Veradigm Network EHR) linked to insurance claims (Komodo Healthcare Map). A doubly robust approach was applied wherein multivariable-adjusted odds ratios were derived using inverse probability of treatment-weighted samples to calculate rVEs and 95 % confidence interval independently for individuals ≥1 high-risk condition and those with specific high-risk conditions. The study included 954,707 aTIV and 719,125 QIVe recipients. For all outcomes, aTIV was more effective than QIVe among adults ≥65 years of age who had ≥1 high-risk condition (any IMRE: 23.6 % [20.9 %–26.1 %]), outpatient IRME: 23.3 % [20.4 %–26.1 %], and influenza- or pneumonia-related hospitalizations: 19.0 % [16.3 %–21.6 %]), during the 2019–2020 influenza season. Similarly, aTIV was more effective than QIVe at preventing outcomes among individuals with specific high-risk conditions except for body mass index ≥40. This study demonstrated higher effectiveness of aTIV versus QIVe in preventing any IRMEs, outpatient IRMEs, and influenza- or pneumonia-related hospitalizations among adults ≥65 years of age who had ≥1 high-risk condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24009988/pdfft?md5=2d165c033e767cf5f1c2827dfed52da4&pid=1-s2.0-S0264410X24009988-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of death and cardiovascular events following COVID-19 vaccination or positive SARS-CoV-2 test amongst adult Singaporeans during omicron transmission","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Importance</h3><p>Assessing population-wide risk-benefit ratio of COVID-19 vaccination remains relevant in the current era of Omicron endemicity and boosting. Assessments of mortality risk and cardiovascular events post-vaccination/infection were generally made prior to emergence of milder Omicron and booster rollout.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective cohort study from 6th January to 31st December 2022 (Omicron-predominant transmission), amongst adult Singaporeans aged ≥18 years. Cox regression models adjusted for demographics/comorbidities were used to estimate risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events 0–180 days post-mRNA vaccination/SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to &gt;180 days post-mRNA vaccination. Risk periods post-vaccination were further stratified by presence/absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the preceding 180 days; similarly, risk periods post-infection were further stratified by vaccination in the 180 days preceding infection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>3,137,210 adults participated, with 2,047,008 vaccine doses administered (99 % being booster doses) and 1,189,846 infections. 23,028 deaths and 54,017 cardiac events were recorded. No elevated risk of all-cause mortality/cardiovascular events was observed across all age strata post-vaccination. Conversely, all-cause mortality post-infection remained elevated up to &gt;180 days in older adults (≥60 years), compared to person-time &gt; 180 days post-vaccination. For vaccine-breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults vaccinated &lt;180 days prior, risk of mortality was only elevated up to 60 days post-infection, but not beyond. Elevated risk of cardiovascular events 1–2 months after any SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed across all age strata, with elevated risk observed in older adults &gt;180 days post-infection (adjusted-hazards-ratio, aHR = 1.18, 95 %CI = 1.04–1.34). Preceding vaccination within 180 days prior to infection attenuated this risk, with no significantly elevated post-acute risk of cardiovascular events (&gt;180 days: aHR = 1.10, 95 %CI = 0.95–1.07).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>No increased risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events was observed up to 180 days after any mRNA vaccination dose in the Omicron era; vaccination attenuated post-acute cardiovascular risk in older adults. The risk-benefit ratio of vaccination remained positive during Omicron.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the 2023/24 autumn-winter COVID-19 seasonal booster campaign in preventing severe COVID-19 cases in Italy (October 2023–March 2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We assessed the impact of the 2023/2024 COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy by estimating the number of averted COVID-19 severe cases (i.e. COVID-19 associated hospitalisations or deaths) between October 2023 and March 2024, in those aged ≥60 years. We estimated that 565 (95 % CI: 497–625) cases, corresponding to 2.1 % (95 % CI: 1.8–2.3) of the expected cases without a vaccination campaign, were averted. We simulated three vaccination coverage scenarios: 50 %, 75 %, 90 % (versus the observed 10.7 %), finding that 9.7 % (95 % CI: 8.5–10.7); 14.5 % (95 % CI: 12.8–16.1); and 17.4 % (95 % CI: 15.3–19.3) of the expected cases would have been averted, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24010570/pdfft?md5=d8bfb89ed048ed9c195a524ef76cd937&pid=1-s2.0-S0264410X24010570-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal influenza vaccination: A global review of national policies in 194 WHO member states in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Introduction: Seasonal influenza vaccination prevents severe influenza disease and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages all countries to consider annual seasonal influenza vaccination for health workers, people with chronic conditions, older adults, pregnant women and other high-risk populations as relevant for their national context. This paper provides a global update on the status of countries' influenza vaccination policies and programmes as of December 2022.</p><p>Methods: We analysed the WHO-UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) Joint Reporting Form on Immunization's influenza vaccine-related data. We used STATA 17 to conduct descriptive analyses of reported seasonal influenza vaccine availability and seasonal influenza vaccination policies globally.</p><p>Results: Seasonal influenza vaccine doses were available in 74 % of WHO Member States (143/194) in 2022. Fewer countries, 66 % of WHO Member States (128/194), had a seasonal influenza vaccination policy, of which 68 countries reported having a policy for the public sector, 53 for the public and private sectors, two for the private sector only, and five did not report the sector. More than half of WHO Member States (100 countries) recommend annual seasonal influenza vaccination for all four of the WHO recommended priority groups. Influenza vaccination coverage data were reported by 64 countries; globally the median coverage rates varied by group: 37 % for pregnant women, 55 % for older adults and 62 % for health workers.</p><p>Discussion: The number of countries using seasonal influenza vaccines has grown over time, but there is still opportunity for continued development and strengthening of national programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To support countries, WHO is providing technical guidance and resources to enable better reporting of influenza vaccination data. More complete and higher quality data will help countries and global health stakeholders to support national decision-making and programme strengthening. Where available, WHO encourages countries to co-administer influenza and COVID-19 vaccination to increase programmatic efficiency and coverage of both vaccines among recommended groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24009563/pdfft?md5=fd5fa6a5375e3b08b90fbdb300eda12d&pid=1-s2.0-S0264410X24009563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T cell inducing vaccine against cytomegalovirus immediate early 1 (IE1) protein provides high level cross strain protection against congenital CMV","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of congenital disease resulting in cognitive impairment and deafness in newborns. Multiple strains of HCMV enable re-infection and convalescent immunity does not protect against risk of congenital CMV (cCMV). Consequently, a cross strain protective CMV vaccine is a high priority. The guinea pig is the only small animal model for cCMV and species specific guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) encodes homolog HCMV viral proteins making it suitable for vaccine studies. Neutralizing antibodies against viral entry glycoprotein complexes and cell free virus are insufficient for complete protection because highly cell associated virus enables evasion. CMV T-cell antigens are important in HCMV convalescent immunity and potentially in reducing the risk of cCMV. Immediate early protein IE1 is essential to HCMV and a T-cell target in humans. In this study, a recombinant defective adenovirus encoding GPCMV IE1 (AdIE1) was evaluated in a preclinical vaccine study. AdIE1 vaccinated animals evoked a T-cell response in a guinea pig IFNγ ELISPOT assay to IE1 (GP123). Vaccinated animals exhibited protection against subcutaneous challenge by GPCMV prototype strain (22122) with viral load substantially reduced compared to the unvaccinated control group and previous Ad based vaccine study against viral pp65 tegument protein. In a vaccine study against cCMV, dams were challenged mid-pregnancy with dual wild type virus strains (22122 and clinical strain TAMYC). At birth, pups were evaluated for viral load in target organs. AdIE1 vaccine had high efficacy against cCMV with GPCMV pup transmission reduced from 92% in the litters of the unvaccinated control group of dams to 23% in the vaccine group resulting in an absence of virus or statistically significant reduction in viral load in pup organs. Overall, IE1 is a more protective T-cell antigen than previously studied pp65 providing cross strain immunity against cCMV in this preclinical model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining long COVID using a population-based SARS-CoV-2 survey in California","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Background</em>: More than four years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding of SARS-CoV-2 burden and post-acute sequela of COVID (PASC), or long COVID, continues to evolve. However, prevalence estimates are disparate and uncertain. Leveraging survey responses from a large serosurveillance study, we assess prevalence estimates using five different long COVID definitions among California residents. <em>Methods</em>: The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) conducted a cross-sectional survey that included questions about acute COVID-19 infection and recovery. A random selection of California households was invited to participate in a survey that included demographic information, clinical symptoms, and COVID-19 vaccination history. We assessed prevalence and predictors of long COVID among those previously testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 across different definitions using logistic regression. <em>Findings</em>: A total of 2883 participants were included in this analysis; the majority identified as female (62.5 %), and the median age was 39 years (interquartile range: 17–55 years). We found a significant difference in long COVID prevalence across definitions with the highest prevalence observed when participants were asked about incomplete recovery (20.9 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 19.4–22.5) and the lowest prevalence was associated with severe long COVID affecting an estimated 4.9 % (95 % CI 4.1–5.7) of the participant population. Individuals that completed the primary vaccination series had significantly lower prevalence of long COVID compared to those that did not receive COVID vaccination. <em>Interpretation</em>: There were significant differences in the estimated prevalence of long COVID across different definitions. People who experience a severe initial COVID-19 infection should be considered at a higher probability for developing long COVID. <em>Funding</em>: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24010405/pdfft?md5=8bced2f48de9cd2446694815a427f3ba&pid=1-s2.0-S0264410X24010405-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine coverage and timeliness among children of adolescent mothers: A community-based study in the eastern cape, South Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Children born to adolescent mothers are more vulnerable to infant mortality and morbidity than those born to adult mothers. HIV-exposed children have lower antibody protection against vaccine-preventable diseases at birth compared to unexposed children. In South Africa, 17 % of adolescent girls aged 15–19 years are mothers, yet vaccination coverage and timeliness among their children is underreported.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study estimated age-appropriate vaccination coverage and timeliness among children (<em>n</em> = 1080) of adolescent mothers (<em>n</em> = 1015) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Mother-child dyads were recruited through healthcare and community-based sampling strategies. Vaccination data were abstracted from 1013 home-based child health records (2017–2019). Coverage is reported for Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis 3rd dose (DTP3), under-1 vaccination among children over 12 months (<em>n</em> = 613) and measles 2nd dose (MCV2) among children over 24 months (<em>n</em> = 382) using proportions with 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI). Timeliness is defined as receiving each vaccination within 4 weeks of recommended age. Findings are disaggregated by maternal HIV-status.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 27.3 % of adolescent mothers were living with HIV. Coverage of DTP3 was 85.6 % (95 %CI: 82.6–88.3 %), under-1 coverage was 53.2 % (95 %CI: 49.1–57.2 %), and MCV2 coverage was 62.3 % (95 %CI: 57.2–67.2 %). Vaccination coverage was lower among children of adolescent mothers living with HIV (AMLHIV) than unexposed children (DTP3 80.3 % vs 88.2 % <em>p</em>-value: 0.01; under-1 46.5 % vs 56.4 % p-value: 0.02; MCV2 55.4 % vs 67.1 % p-value: 0.02). Timeliness of vaccinations declined over time from 98.0 % at birth, 70.7 % at 14 weeks, 71.9 % at 9 months and 37.3 % at 18 months.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Vaccination coverage among children of adolescent mothers in the Eastern Cape are below national targets. Children of AMLHIV had lower coverage than HIV-unexposed children. Further research is needed to identify risk factors associated with incomplete and delayed vaccinations among this group, particularly among HIV-exposed children. Enhanced vaccination campaigns may be required for children of adolescent mothers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24010004/pdfft?md5=3fc25fd4d99901fc6f71c595a1ddf3ae&pid=1-s2.0-S0264410X24010004-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the National Influenza Vaccination Program in the Republic of Moldova, 2023–2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the 2023–2024 influenza season, the Republic of Moldova, a lower-middle income country seeking accession into the European Union, independently financed their influenza vaccine supply transitioning from external support from the Partnership for International Vaccine Initiatives, a collaboration conceived in 2015. As part of this transition, a mixed-methods evaluation was conducted from May 2023 – January 2024 to identify current strengths and weaknesses of the influenza vaccination program. A total of 157 interviews were conducted: one with the National Immunization Program (NIP), six with district health officers, 18 at health facilities, 18 with caregivers/parents, 34 with healthcare workers, 43 with adults with chronic diseases, 19 with pregnant women, and 13 vaccine observation sessions; further five expert interviews with an international organization, the insurance company, senior government officials in public health and within the ministry of health, and those involved with COVID-19 were conducted. The Republic of Moldova's NIP has benefited from decades of experience, internal commitments to progress, and contributions from external partners. Despite this progress, the evaluation recognized four areas for improvement. Recommendations from the evaluation assessment included: 1) develop a national strategy for immunization, including the establishment of national goals in consultation with the national immunization technical advisory group (NITAG); 2) expand immunization communications and advocacy initiatives, particularly to adults and pregnant individuals; 3) leverage trusted patient-doctor relationships and encourage vaccination as a healthcare norm with physician specialists; and 4) conduct operations research to better understand vaccine hesitancy in populations such as pregnant individuals. Additional thematic findings emphasized the importance of ensuring timely receipt of vaccine doses into the country no later than September, as medical providers reported difficulty administering doses when vaccines were delivered after September. Our findings outline ways to further strengthen the Republic of Moldova's self-sustained annual influenza vaccination program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies epidemiology in Malaysia (2015–2023): A cross-sectional insights and strategies for control","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Malaysia currently faces significant challenges in controlling the spread of dog-mediated human rabies, as evidenced by recurrent outbreaks in newly affected areas and increasing human fatalities.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse surveillance data from 2015 to 2023 to examine the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Malaysia. Data from multiple sources were used, and descriptive statistics, incidence rates, and reproductive numbers were calculated. QGIS software was used to map the distribution of rabies cases, and statistical methods were employed to evaluate associations between rabies incidence, vaccination coverage, and risk factors. We further explored the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns and public health interventions in reducing rabies transmission.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings revealed 995 confirmed rabies cases in animals. Sarawak reported the highest proportion of rabies cases at 97.99 %, showing a significant correlation between location and rabies cases (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). Dogs comprised 89.35 % of confirmed cases, while the average annual vaccination rate was only 16.66 %, far below the 59.05 % needed for herd immunity. Moreover, human rabies cases reported in Sarawak had an alarmingly high fatality rate of 90.28 %, highlighting the urgent need for improved public health measures and surveillance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This research provides critical insights for policymakers and health officials to improve rabies control strategies in Malaysia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A squalene oil emulsified MPL-A and anti-CD200/CD300a antibodies adjuvanted whole-killed Leishmania vaccine provides durable immunity against L. donovani parasites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antigenic inefficacy to induce robust immune responses and durable memory are major causes of constantly failing prophylactic approaches in leishmaniasis. Here, we determine the potential of a standardized whole-killed <em>Leishmania</em> vaccine (Leishvacc) adjuvanted with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies, either alone or with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-SE) emulsified in squalene oil, in restoring the compromised antigen presenting abilities of dendritic cells (DCs), effector properties of CD4⁺T cells and providing protection against <em>Leishmania donovani</em> parasites. In animals vaccinated with antibodies adjuvanted vaccines, either alone or with MPL-SE, the antigen presenting abilities of CD11c⁺ DCs against <em>Leishmania</em> antigens, measured in terms of CD80, CD86, MHC-I, and MHC-II surface receptors and intracellular IL-12 were found enhanced than non-adjuvanted vaccine. We observed more proliferative and pro-inflammatory cytokines i.e. IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-23, and IL-12 producing CD4⁺T cells in antibodies/MPL-SE adjuvanted vaccinated animals further suggesting that this approach helps antigen activated CD4⁺T cells to acquire pro-inflammatory cytokines producing abilities. In antibodies, either alone or with MPL-SE, vaccinated animals, the number of CD4⁺ central memory T cells and their longevity were found significantly enhanced that further evidenced the impact of this vaccination approach in inducing long term protective immunity. The animals, receiving antibodies adjuvanted vaccines, either alone or with MPL-SE, exhibited excellent protection against virulent parasites by restricting their growth, which correlated with the significantly reduced parasitemia, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly, along with fewer numbers of liver granulomas. Our findings provide an insight to a new immunoprophylactic approach against visceral leishmaniasis, which not only satisfies the safety criteria, but also provides a robust immunogenic response with remarkable potential for parasites control. However, further in-depth investigations are needed to ascertain its ability in inducing long-lasting immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}