Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"A global landscape of patenting activity in COVID-19 vaccines","authors":"Eduardo Mercadante ,&nbsp;Timo Minssen ,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Shadlen ,&nbsp;Esther van Zimmeren ,&nbsp;Żaneta Zemła-Pacud ,&nbsp;Duncan Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyses global patent filings for COVID-19 vaccines to identify where vaccine candidates were developed and where patent protection was being sought, as well as to investigate the patterns of collaboration among applicants. The paper builds on a 2023 report from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), selecting 1178 relevant patent families across eight categories of vaccine platforms, and using WIPO's data on applicants' countries and three types of applicants: corporate applicants, individual inventors, and universities and research organisations (UROs). We searched for applications in 126 jurisdictions, combined into three groups: the G7, G20 nations not in the G7, and non-G20 nations. G20 nations not in the G7 were the most common destination of filings, and applications originating in these countries constitute the greatest number of families, including those covering novel vaccine platforms. Corporate applicants dominated the G7 and the non-G20 but were as relevant as UROs for the non-G7 in G20. Applications from UROs were relatively more focused on conventional platforms, while corporate applicants were more focused on novel platforms. We repeated the analysis for pharmaceutical and biotechnological patent families more broadly in order to provide a reference point for interpreting the results for COVID-19 vaccine patents. Comparison of the two samples reveals unique patterns of patenting activity for COVID-19 vaccines, including more frequent collaboration, especially between corporate applicants and UROs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Changes in pneumococcal vaccination disparities by area-level social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic among Medicare and Medicaid enrollees” [Vaccine 62 (2025) 127452]","authors":"Salini Mohanty ,&nbsp;Jelena Zurovac ,&nbsp;Michael Barna ,&nbsp;Nicole Cossrow ,&nbsp;Peter C. Fiduccia ,&nbsp;Kelsie Cassell ,&nbsp;Esther Smith-Howell ,&nbsp;Valina C. McGuinn ,&nbsp;Saumya Chatrath ,&nbsp;Priya Shanmugam ,&nbsp;Aparna Keshaviah ,&nbsp;Dmitriy Poznyak ,&nbsp;Alyssa Evans ,&nbsp;Kristen A. Feemster","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127875","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of malaria, measles, and meningitis vaccines in Africa: a scoping review","authors":"Chibueze Anosike ,&nbsp;Iheomimichineke Mystery Ojiakor ,&nbsp;Enyi Ifeoma Etiaba ,&nbsp;Nkolika Pamela Uguru ,&nbsp;Charles C. Ezenduka ,&nbsp;Obinna Onwujekwe","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite the availability of malaria, measles, and meningitis vaccines in Africa, limited evidence on their cost-effectiveness and budget impact hinders informed policy decisions and sustainable allocation of scarce healthcare resources. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize available evidence on the cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of malaria, measles, and meningitis vaccines in Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search of PubMed, HINARI, and EBSCO Host databases was conducted to identify studies published in English between 2004 and 2024. The review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Eligible studies focused on the cost-effectiveness or budget impact of malaria, measles, and meningitis vaccines in African countries. Retrieved articles were subjected to title, abstract, and full text screening to determine if they met the eligibility criteria. Data was extracted from included papers, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were extracted or computed, when feasible, in 2024 US dollars.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-one (41) of the 885 retrieved articles were included in this review. The costing approach varied, with most studies valuing only direct costs. Transmission, mathematical, and Markov models were the predominant cost-effectiveness modelling methods. The cost per fully vaccinated child for malaria and measles vaccines ranged from US$4.20 to $52.35 and US$1.66 to $4.31, respectively. The costs per disability-adjusted years (DALYs) averted for malaria, measles, and meningitis vaccines ranged from US$22.63 to US$3314.01, US$1.60 to US$1239.35, and US$66.64 to US$4586.72, respectively. Most studies found that the three vaccines were more cost-effective than no intervention or other public health interventions. The budget impact of introducing the malaria vaccine in 41 African countries is about US$185 million.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is limited evidence on the cost-effectiveness of the malaria, measles, and meningitis vaccines in Africa. The vaccines were largely cost-effective in Africa, although the budget impact of malaria vaccine is substantial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Sociodemographic factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination uptake in people with and without HIV: Insights from a Swedish Nationwide cohort” [Vaccine 62 (2025) 127580]","authors":"Isabela Killander Möller ,&nbsp;Pontus Hedberg ,&nbsp;Philippe Wagner ,&nbsp;Pär Sparén ,&nbsp;Magnus Gisslén ,&nbsp;Pontus Nauclér ,&nbsp;Soo Aleman ,&nbsp;Peter Bergman ,&nbsp;Christina Carlander ,&nbsp;on behalf of the CLHIP study group","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental perceptions and willingness to pay for childhood vaccination experiences in China: a multi-city comprehensive evaluation study","authors":"Bei Liu ,&nbsp;Ninghua Huang ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Xiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Wu ,&nbsp;Bing Cao ,&nbsp;Tao Sun ,&nbsp;Yudong Miao ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With China's evolving family policies and rising parental expectations, there is increasing demand for improved childhood vaccination experiences. This study aimed to assess Chinese parents' comprehensive perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for childhood vaccination experience improvements, with particular focus on combination vaccine preferences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multi-city cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to December 2021 across five cities representing China's eastern, central, and western regions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1845 parents of children aged 1–18 months in 60 community health service centers. The study employed questionnaire surveys, discrete choice experiments (DCE) with four attributes (injection frequency, diseases prevented per dose, vaccination coverage rates, and cost), and contingent valuation methods to assess WTP for specific vaccination benefits including pain reduction, adverse reaction prevention, and convenience improvements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants had a mean age of 30.95 ± 4.34 years, with 79 % being mothers and 66.4 % having bachelor's degrees. Over two-thirds (67.84 %) expressed strong concerns about adverse reactions, 74.40 % reported significant child crying during vaccination, and 65.02 % considered travel time to vaccination sites excessive. DCE analysis revealed strong stated preferences for fewer injections, vaccines preventing more diseases per dose, higher on-time vaccination coverage, and lower costs (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Parents demonstrated highest WTP for preventing serious adverse reactions (54.53 % willing to pay 200 CNY[approximately 28 USD] per avoided reaction), substantially exceeding WTP for convenience factors. Education level, income, and age were key determinants of WTP, with postgraduate-educated parents showing 32.86–58.13 CNY(approximately 4.6–8.1 USD) higher WTP across different benefits compared to those with high school education or below.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Chinese parents prioritize vaccine safety over convenience factors, with significant concerns about adverse reactions and strong preferences for combination vaccines offering reduced injection frequency. The findings support policy initiatives emphasizing combination vaccine development, government procurement programs, and enhanced safety communication to improve childhood vaccination experiences and coverage rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributing factors to reversed willingness to vaccinate after the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a national panel survey","authors":"Koh Oikawa ,&nbsp;Michio Murakami ,&nbsp;Sae Ochi ,&nbsp;Mei Yamagata ,&nbsp;Asako Miura","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vaccination shows effectiveness at personal and community levels. To manage vaccine demand and supply, effectively promote vaccination, and plan future vaccination strategies, it is crucial to understand the change in the population's willingness over time. Extreme changes in vaccination willingness can affect vaccine oversupply and shortage. Few longitudinal studies have focused on vaccination willingness after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we sought to explore temporal changes in COVID-19 vaccination willingness and identify associated variables during and after the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 4-year panel survey was conducted in Japan between January 2020 and March 2024. To evaluate changes in COVID-19 vaccine willingness and identify associated factors, we assessed vaccine hesitancy in September 2022 (i.e., previously vaccinated individuals who did not wish to receive future vaccinations) and unreversed willingness to vaccinate in March 2024 (i.e., previously vaccinated individuals who wished to receive future vaccinations and wished to receive vaccination in September 2022). Modified Poisson regression was performed to examine the predictors of vaccine hesitancy and unreversed willingness to vaccinate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vaccination willingness declined from 51.0 % in September 2022 to 19.9 % in March 2024. Man, interest in COVID-19, risk perception, age, and agreement with government policies were negatively associated with vaccine hesitancy. Family experience of infection emerged as a borderline-significant negative factor in unreversed willingness to vaccinate.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Populations with younger populations, women, and people with low dread risk of perception for COVID-19 may have a low initial vaccination demand, which may decrease even after the pandemic ends. Vaccine demand may change within the same population. Therefore, it is crucial to reassess and adjust distribution strategies based on population characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It is essential to consider these associated factors and adjust the balance between vaccine supply and demand over time to maintain adequate coverage and prevent waste of resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127869"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the vesicular stomatitis virus vector (rVSV vector) platform for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development: Phase 1/2 safety and immunogenicity of IIBR-100 in healthy adults","authors":"Yoseph Caraco ,&nbsp;Noa Madar-Balakirski ,&nbsp;Eytan Ben-Ami ,&nbsp;David Zeltser ,&nbsp;Shlomo Maayan ,&nbsp;Noa Eliakim-Raz ,&nbsp;Avivit Peer ,&nbsp;Tal Brosh-Nissimov ,&nbsp;Victor Vishlitzky ,&nbsp;Adi Beth-Din ,&nbsp;Erez Bar-Haim ,&nbsp;Tomer Israely ,&nbsp;Nir Paran ,&nbsp;Morly Fisher ,&nbsp;Matti Hoggeg ,&nbsp;Jacob Atsmon ,&nbsp;Daniel Cohen ,&nbsp;Dan Goldstaub ,&nbsp;Yotam Levin ,&nbsp;Yehuda Danon ,&nbsp;Hadar Marcus","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of the IIBR-100 (rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-S) vaccine, a recombinant VSV-ΔG-spike vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 virus.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a phase 1/2, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>: NCT 04608305), healthy younger (18–55 years) and older (56–85 years) adults were recruited from eight clinical sites in Israel. In the phase 1 study, low (1 × 10⁵ PFU), mid (1 × 10⁶ PFU), and high doses (1 × 10⁷ PFU) of IIBR-100 were tested in a single-dose treatment regimen, with an additional booster dose for the low-dose group only. Based on the phase 1 study results, only mid- and high-dose prime-boost regimens alongside an additional top dose (1 × 10⁸ PFU) were tested in the phase 2 study. Participants, randomly assigned to either IIBR-100 or placebo, were followed for 12 months from the last vaccination for safety and immunogenicity outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>No safety concerns were observed in the phase 1 study (<em>N</em> = 82); therefore, the study moved on to phase 2. In phase 2 (<em>N</em> = 762), for both age groups, the most common AEs included injection-site pain (20–64 %), fatigue (21–33 %), and headache (15–22 %). In the top-dose group, neutralizing and binding antibody titers peaked on Days 35 and 42, respectively; seroconversion rates reached maximal levels by Day 56 for neutralizing antibody and binding antibody (spike and RBD).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The IIBR-100 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in prime-boost regimens at 1 × 10⁷ PFU/mL and 1 × 10⁸ PFU/mL doses is safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registry</h3><div>This trial is registered at <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT 04608305) and in the trial registry of the Israeli Ministry of Health website.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A statistical method for evaluating vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection against infection and disease progression: application to the ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 phase 3 trial","authors":"Lucy R. Williams ,&nbsp;Merryn Voysey ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Pollard ,&nbsp;Nicholas C. Grassly","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Correlates of protection (CoPs), defined as immune markers statistically correlated with vaccine efficacy (VE), can be used to accelerate vaccine development. Different components of the immune response may be important for protection against infection and against progression from asymptomatic infection to symptomatic or severe disease. However, CoPs are typically evaluated for these outcomes separately, which can lead to some CoPs not being identified. We propose a novel statistical framework for the integrated evaluation of CoPs for infections with multiple potential outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed a model of the natural history of an infection that can identify CoPs at each stage of infection and disease progression and implemented this model in a Bayesian estimation framework. We validated the model on simulated data then applied it to individual-level clinical and serum neutralising and binding antibody data from COV002 (<span><span>NCT04400838</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), a phase II/III trial of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine. We explored logistic and non-parametric (cubic spline) relationships between VE and the candidate CoPs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both parametric and non-parametric forms of the model accurately estimated the relationships between the immune CoP and VE against infection (<span><math><msub><mi>VE</mi><mi>in</mi></msub></math></span>) and against progression to symptoms given infection (<span><math><msub><mi>VE</mi><mi>pr</mi></msub></math></span>) in 1000 simulated trial datasets. In the COV002 correlates subset (2227 participants, 5315 samples), SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG was positively associated with both <span><math><msub><mi>VE</mi><mi>in</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>VE</mi><mi>pr</mi></msub></math></span> (average proportion of VE mediated by spike-specific IgG, 27 % (95 % CI 2–88 %) for <span><math><msub><mi>VE</mi><mi>in</mi></msub></math></span> and 41 % (95 % CI 0–96 %) for <span><math><msub><mi>VE</mi><mi>pr</mi></msub></math></span>). Pseudoneutralisation antibody titres and receptor binding domain (RBD) specific serum IgG showed similar correlations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Integrated analysis of multiple disease outcomes and candidate CoPs enables the identification of CoPs that operate at different stages of disease progression, which are missed when evaluating outcomes separately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 127856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hesitancy towards routine childhood vaccinations before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas","authors":"Michael J. Cima ,&nbsp;Christina Joshua ,&nbsp;Namvar Zohoori ,&nbsp;Austin Porter III ,&nbsp;Derek Slagle ,&nbsp;Jennifer Dillaha","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine-preventable diseases increased nationally, associated with low childhood vaccination coverage. Studies on parental vaccine hesitancy in southern U.S. states is limited, and childhood vaccine uptake has decreased since early 2020. Our study purpose was to examine parental vaccine hesitancy before and after the COVID-19 pandemic among Arkansas residents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A repeated cross-sectional design using telephone surveys was conducted among Arkansas parental guardians of children aged ≤6 years in 2019 (<em>n</em> = 407) and 2023 (<em>n</em> = 402). Parental hesitancy towards routine childhood vaccines and vaccine confidence was assessed. Weighted multiple logistic regression models examined associations between sociodemographic factors and parental hesitancy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Parental hesitancy increased 15-percentage points from 2019 to 2023 (35.7 % [38.6% – 43.0 %] to 50.3 % [40.7 % - 60.0 %]), while those expressing no hesitancy declined (64.3 % [56.7 % - 71.0 %] to 49.7 % [40.2 % - 59.0 %]). The association between parental age and vaccine hesitancy differed by region, with older parents in the Southwest region (and similarly in the Northeast and Northwest) showing greater hesitancy compared to those in the Central region (OR 1.21 [1.07–1.35]). Compared to parents of public-school children, those with privately schooled (OR 2.60 [1.22–5.51]) or homeschooled children (OR 2.65 [1.24–5.67]) had higher odds of hesitancy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite low annual response rates, findings suggest an increase in parental vaccine hesitancy following the COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas. Vaccine hesitancy remains a concern in our largely rural population. Repeat analyses with similar survey tools is needed to understand if these trends are maintained in the Arkansas population or similar southern rural populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TCR bias drives development of dominant vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses which can be redirected toward cellular targets","authors":"Emma Falling Iversen ,&nbsp;Anna H.F. Rahimic ,&nbsp;Giacomo S. Frattari ,&nbsp;Miriam Rosás-Umbert ,&nbsp;Mariane H. Schleimann ,&nbsp;Rikke Olesen ,&nbsp;Jesper D. Gunst ,&nbsp;Ole S. Søgaard ,&nbsp;Michelle Krogsgaard ,&nbsp;Martin Tolstrup","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The yellow fever (YF) vaccine is known to elicit strong CD8+ T cell immune responses, predominantly targeting an HLA-A2-restricted immunodominant epitope within the NS4B protein. We aimed to characterize these cells and explore their functional utility when redirected to a target unrelated to YF. We performed single-cell TCR and mRNA sequencing on YF-specific CD8+ T cells from five vaccinated donors, 21 days post-vaccination to characterize their clonal diversity and transcriptional profiles. An HLA-restricted bispecific T cell engager, Redirector of Vaccine-induced Effector Responses (RoVER), was used to redirect YF-specific CD8+ T cells toward target cells including HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. The vaccine elicited a robust CD8+ T cell response characterized by a diverse set of differentiated YF-specific cells spanning activated naïve-like, memory and effector phenotypes. Despite biases in the TCR repertoires, antigen-specificity did not promote the development of unique phenotypes following vaccination. Our findings suggest phenotypic overlap causing redundancy in CD8+ T cell immunity across YF epitopes. Using the recombinant RoVER, YF-specific CD8+ T cells could be redirected toward other target cells, leading to efficient target cell elimination. Together, this study enhances our understanding of the cytotoxic T cell response to viral infections and its implications for vaccine development, while also supporting the development of personalised immunotherapies tailored to individual HLA alleles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}