Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the geographic and socioeconomic determinants of vaccine coverage in Ethiopia: A spatial and multistage analysis at the district level","authors":"Tom Forzy ,&nbsp;Latera Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Fentabil Getnet ,&nbsp;Awoke Misganew ,&nbsp;Samson Warkaye Lamma ,&nbsp;Asnake Worku ,&nbsp;Solomon Tessema Memirie ,&nbsp;Meseret Zelalem ,&nbsp;Yohannes Lakew Tefera ,&nbsp;Mesay Hailu Dangisso ,&nbsp;Stéphane Verguet","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite substantial progress over the past decades, many Ethiopian children still lack the full WHO-recommended immunization schedule. Notably, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-Hib-HepB and measles vaccines present large coverage disparities in Ethiopia. This study integrated routine, survey and census data from health, geographic and socioeconomic sources at the district level. We then explored associations between extracted covariates and coverage of measles (1st dose, MCV1) and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-Hib-HepB (3rd dose, Penta3). Lastly, we developed prediction models of immunization coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized multiple data sources, including district (known as woreda) immunization coverage estimates from the District Health Information Software (DHIS-2), Demographic and Health Surveys, demographic census, and public databases on electricity, administrative boundaries and health facility geolocations. We sought to develop parsimonious beta-regression models of immunization coverage using variable selection, so as to identify covariates with high predictive power. We then fitted and internally validated generalized additive models to predict MCV1 and Penta3 coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analysis identified access time to health centers, electrification levels, and woreda sizes as major factors associated with district-level immunization. Our prediction models estimated district-level MCV1 and Penta3 coverage with mean absolute errors of 11–12 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the significant potential of geospatial models for public health policy and planning in low- and middle-income countries. By integrating diverse data sources and focusing on the district level, we provide a quantitative framework for identifying gaps in immunization coverage. The approach, using geographic and socio-economic data, can be effectively applied to a wide range of public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 126834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate evaluation of live-virus microneutralisation for SARS-CoV-2 variant JN.1 in the assessment of vaccination and therapeutics","authors":"Giulia Dowgier ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Hobbs ,&nbsp;David Greenwood ,&nbsp;Marianne Shawe-Taylor ,&nbsp;Phoebe Stevenson-Leggett ,&nbsp;James Bazire ,&nbsp;Rebecca Penn ,&nbsp;Ruth Harvey ,&nbsp;Crick COVID serology pipeline, Legacy Investigators,&nbsp;Vincenzo Libri ,&nbsp;George Kassiotis ,&nbsp;Steve Gamblin ,&nbsp;Nicola S. Lewis ,&nbsp;Bryan Williams ,&nbsp;Charles Swanton ,&nbsp;Sonia Gandhi ,&nbsp;David L.V. Bauer ,&nbsp;Edward J. Carr ,&nbsp;Emma C. Wall ,&nbsp;Mary Y. Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants require rapid assessments of pathogenicity and evasion of existing immunity to inform policy. A crucial component of these assessments is accurate estimation of serum neutralising antibody titres using cultured live virus isolates. Here, we report a comparison of culture methods for Omicron sub-variant JN.1 and the subsequent evaluation of neutralising antibody titres (nAbTs) in recipients of BNT162b2-XBB.1.5 monovalent and the ancestral/BA.4/5 containing bivalent vaccines. We compared culture of JN.1 in either Vero V1 cells or Caco-2 cells, finding culture in Vero V1 either resulted in low-titre stocks or induced crucial mutations at the Spike furin cleavage site (FCS). Using sequence-clean culture stocks generated in Caco-2 cells, we assessed serum samples from 71 healthy adults eligible for a COVID-19 vaccination given as a 5th dose booster in the UK: all participants had detectable nAbs against JN.1 prior to vaccination, with baseline/pre-existing nAbTs between both vaccine groups comparable (<em>p</em> = 0.240). However, nAbTs against JN.1 post-vaccination were 2.6-fold higher for recipients of the monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine than the BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Further, at clinically relevant concentrations the therapeutic monoclonal antibody Sotrovimab marginally maintains neutralisation of JN.1. Regular re-appraisal of methods and policy outcomes as new variants arise is required to ensure robust data are used to underpin future severity assessments and vaccine strain selection decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA-1273 vaccines adapted to JN.1 or KP.2 elicit cross-neutralizing responses against the JN.1 sublineages of SARS-CoV-2 in mice","authors":"Diana Wing Lee ,&nbsp;Arshan Nasir ,&nbsp;Sayda Elbashir,&nbsp;Hardik Jani,&nbsp;Tessa Speidel,&nbsp;Amy Gorrie,&nbsp;Daniela Montes Berrueta,&nbsp;Philippa Martin,&nbsp;Swan Tan,&nbsp;Yixuan Jacob Hou,&nbsp;Kath Hardcastle,&nbsp;Darin Edwards,&nbsp;Kai Wu,&nbsp;Andrea Carfi,&nbsp;Yadunanda Budigi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continued diversification of SARS-CoV-2 omicron lineage has given rise to the JN.1 variant and descendant strains (KP.2, KP.3, and XEC) that have prolonged the JN.1 infection wave. JN.1 and KP.2 show decreased susceptibility to neutralization sera in recipients of XBB.1.5 vaccine boosters, supporting the recent authorization of JN.1- and KP.2-matched mRNA vaccines in the United States, Europe, and other regions. We evaluated the immunogenicity of two updated monovalent variant-containing formulations of mRNA-1273 vaccines encoding the spike protein of the omicron subvariants JN.1 (mRNA-1273.167) and KP.2 (mRNA-1273.712) as compared with the monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine (mRNA-1273.815). The vaccines were administered either as a two-dose primary series in naive mice or as a booster (third) dose in mice previously immunized with two-dose primary series of mRNA-1273 (ancestral strain). The neutralizing antibody response elicited by these vaccines against JN.1 subvariants (KP.3 and LA.2) and the recombinant strain (XEC), which achieved dominance in the United States during late 2024, was evaluated. Primary series immunization with either JN.1- or KP.2-matched vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibody titers against the matched strains and effectively cross-neutralized KP.3, LA.2, and XEC, but not the antigenically distant XBB.1.5. Similarly, JN.1- and KP.2-matched vaccines administered as a booster (third) dose increased titers against the corresponding strains and JN.1-related subvariants, but not against XBB.1.5. These data suggest these strains are antigenically similar with relatively few spike differences between JN.1 and KP.2/JN.1-related subvariants. Our results demonstrate the potency of JN.1- and KP.2-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines in neutralizing the matched variants and their utility in cross-neutralizing JN.1-related subvariants KP.3, LA.2, and XEC. Taken together, these data suggest that the licensed JN.1 and KP.2 mRNA vaccines are likely to continue to protect against the emerging strains as the JN.1 lineage further evolves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 conjugate vaccine elicits robust immune responses that can protect against evolving variants.","authors":"Melanie Carroll ,&nbsp;Heather B. Fox ,&nbsp;Anh Tran ,&nbsp;Gowri Chellappan ,&nbsp;Leonardo V. Rojas ,&nbsp;Geetha Karengil ,&nbsp;Fataneh Karandish ,&nbsp;John W. Langston ,&nbsp;Brent M. Fall ,&nbsp;Mary M. Whalen ,&nbsp;Michael J. McCluskie ,&nbsp;Yves Durocher ,&nbsp;Anup Datta ,&nbsp;Subhash V. Kapre ,&nbsp;Ivan A. Olave","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated effective vaccines that can endure antigenic mutations. Here we demonstrate highly immunogenic conjugate vaccines that elicit broad cross-neutralization to variants of concern (VOC) in animal studies. By utilizing protein-protein conjugation and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvants we achieve enhanced immunogenicity compared to unconjugated equivalents. These vaccine candidates induced broad cross-protection against several VOC, a characteristic lacking in early COVID-19 vaccines. Murine neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers from animals vaccinated with Beta-only conjugates were equivalent between Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5 variants, which were circulating up to three years after the antigenic Beta strain. Additionally, Beta-Delta bivalent conjugate vaccines readily prevented disease in hamster challenge. Together this demonstrates a vaccine with remarkably broad cross-protection and potential to protect for extended periods despite mutations, without requiring modified boosters or antigen adaption. These techniques can be applied to more recent SARS-CoV-2 strains, and other viruses, highlighting the benefits of protein-protein conjugation coupled with TLR agonist secondary adjuvants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126988"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associated factors for dropout of first versus third doses of pentavalent vaccination in Tanzania","authors":"Robert Tillya ,&nbsp;Gumi Abdallah ,&nbsp;Hajirani Msuya ,&nbsp;Shraddha Bajaria ,&nbsp;Sally Mtenga ,&nbsp;Charles Festo ,&nbsp;Grace Mhalu ,&nbsp;Josephine Shabani ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Msuya ,&nbsp;William Mwengee ,&nbsp;Honorati Masanja ,&nbsp;Abdallah Mkopi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pentavalent is a vaccine against <em>Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, and Haemophilus type B influenza.</em> A child is considered a pentavalent vaccination dropout if they have received the first dosage as advised but have not obtained the third dose. In Tanzania, the first-dose receiver of pentavalent was approximately 97 %, whereas only 89 % received a third dose. Unfortunately, no studies have been done in Tanzania to evaluate the factors at the national level that are linked with first-versus third-dose pentavalent vaccine dropout; hence, we explored these factors here for the first time. A cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households was conducted. The sample size was calculated to provide overall, age- and sex-specific coverage estimates for measles-rubella vaccine evaluation among children aged between 9 and 59 months at the national level, as explained elsewhere. The fieldwork activities were done for one month from November to December 2019 for both Zanzibar and Tanzania Mainland. A total of 4460 caregivers of children aged 12–23 months were interviewed for routine immunization services, and a total of 4403 caregivers were included in this analysis of the uptake of the pentavalent vaccine. The number of children who received the first dose of the pentavalent vaccine was 4020 (91.5 %), while the number of children who received the third dose of the pentavalent vaccine was 3915 (89.4 %). The overall pentavalent vaccination dropout rate was 2.3 %. The rate was lower in Zanzibar (0.9 %) than in the Tanzanian mainland (2.4 %). Wealth quintile, sex of caregivers, and education were factors significantly associated with the pentavalent-3 dropout rate among children aged 12–23 months in Tanzania. Our results provide strong support for further efforts to improve current vaccination coverage to optimize the use of prioritized, timely, and appropriate interventions at the regional and district levels and to improve the health education given to expectant women during their clinic visits so they may comprehend the value of routine immunization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of broadly protective coronavirus vaccines: A joint NIAID-CEPI workshop report.","authors":"Jennifer L. Gordon ,&nbsp;Erin L. Boespflug ,&nbsp;Amanda Coleman ,&nbsp;Kimberly Taylor ,&nbsp;Nadia Cohen ,&nbsp;In-Kyu Yoon ,&nbsp;M. Cristina Cassetti","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a DNA vector plasmid encoding a partial rop18 gene from toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats as a vaccine candidate","authors":"Ana Flávia Minutti ,&nbsp;João Pedro Sasse ,&nbsp;Ana Clécia dos Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Thais Agostinho Martins ,&nbsp;Valentina Martinez ,&nbsp;Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino ,&nbsp;Fernando de Souza Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Luiz Daniel de Barros ,&nbsp;João Luis Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to evaluate a DNA vector plasmid encoding a partial <em>rop18</em> gene from <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> in domestic cats as a potential vaccine candidate. Four domestic cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) were used, of which two animals received 25 μg of pcDNA 3.1 + <em>rop18</em>, and two received 25 μg of pcDNA 3.1. All animals received intramuscular immunizations with four doses every three weeks along with 1.5 % levamisole. Thirty days after the last immunization, the animals were infected with 300 tissue cysts from ToxoDB #182 strain, a non-archetypal genotype isolated from a wild cat. Fecal examinations were performed for oocyst shedding. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting analyses with recombinant ROP18 were performed to assess the humoral immune response. Animals that received plasmid containing the partial <em>T. gondii rop18</em> gene produced specific IgG antibodies and shed 53.3 % fewer oocysts than controls. The two groups of animals showed no statistically significant differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) in oocyst shedding; however, they showed significant differences in the detection of anti-<em>Toxoplasma</em> antibodies (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the <em>T. gondii rop18</em> gene is a potential vaccine candidate against oocyst shedding in cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of 21-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine among adults in Canada","authors":"Raphael Ximenes ,&nbsp;Alison E. Simmons ,&nbsp;Gebremedhin B. Gebretekle ,&nbsp;Austin Nam ,&nbsp;Eva Wong ,&nbsp;Marina I. Salvadori ,&nbsp;Alyssa R. Golden ,&nbsp;Beate Sander ,&nbsp;Kyla J. Hildebrand ,&nbsp;Matthew Tunis ,&nbsp;Ashleigh R. Tuite","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV21) was recently authorized in Canada to protect adults against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the cost-effectiveness of PCV21 compared to current Canadian vaccination recommendations for adults of different age and risk groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a static cohort model to estimate lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), in 2023 Canadian dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), discounted at 1.5 %, in population cohorts aged 33 (midpoint of the 18–49 year age group), 50, and 65 years from the health system and societal perspectives. The primary analysis used 2022 serotype distributions for IPD cases. Additional analyses incorporated indirect effects from pediatric vaccination and used IPD serotype distributions from 2015 to 2019, to explore the impact of changes over time observed in some age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For population groups currently recommended to receive PCV20 in Canada (65 years and older, 50–64 years with additional risk factors for IPD, or 18–49 years with immunocompromising conditions), PCV21 was cost-effective at a $50,000 per QALY threshold and dominated PCV20 in most scenarios when PCV21 serotypes were more prevalent. When PCV20 serotypes were equally or more prevalent than PCV21 serotypes, results were more sensitive to assumptions about indirect effects and serotype replacement. For groups not currently recommended a conjugate vaccine (50–64 years without additional IPD risk factors and 18–49 years with chronic medical conditions or unhoused populations), use of a higher-valency conjugate vaccine was a cost-effective intervention compared to no vaccination, with the optimal vaccine dependent on the proportion of IPD attributable to PCV20 and PCV21 serotypes in the population of interest. Results were sensitive to vaccine price in most scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The use of PCV21 may be cost-effective in some populations, depending on the prevalence of IPD serotypes covered by PCV20 and PCV21.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126985"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Long-Term immune memory responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination following 2 versus 3 doses of HPV vaccine” [Vaccine, Volume 50, 19 March 2025, 126,817].","authors":"Joseph J. Carter ,&nbsp;Robin A. Smith ,&nbsp;Erin M. Scherer ,&nbsp;David A.G. Skibinski ,&nbsp;Sandhya Sankaranarayanan ,&nbsp;Alain Luxembourg ,&nbsp;Tobias Kollmann ,&nbsp;Kim D. Marty ,&nbsp;Manish Sadarangani ,&nbsp;Simon Dobson ,&nbsp;Denise A. Galloway","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126974","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the measles susceptibility gap in Ontario infants","authors":"Shelly Bolotin ,&nbsp;James Wright ,&nbsp;Elizabeth McLachlan ,&nbsp;Alberto Severini ,&nbsp;Todd Hatchette ,&nbsp;Natasha Crowcroft ,&nbsp;Shelley Deeks ,&nbsp;Callum Arnold ,&nbsp;Selma Osman ,&nbsp;Kevin Brown ,&nbsp;Scott Halperin ,&nbsp;Aaron Campigotto ,&nbsp;Susan Richardson ,&nbsp;Michelle Science","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prior to receiving their first dose of measles-containing vaccine, infants may be protected against infection either via antibodies obtained transplacentally from their mothers or by herd immunity. However, there is evidence that transplacental protection may wane well-before the age of first measles vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study of infants &lt;12 months of age at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto, Ontario, and their mothers. We calculated the probability of measles susceptibility in infants and predicted the mean antibody titre by age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Measles seroprevalence decreased with age, starting at 70.4 % (38/54) in the first month of life and declining to 0.0 % (0/18) by four months of age. Regression models adjusted for maternal place of birth and measles immunity status indicated that the odds of susceptibility approximately tripled with every increasing month of age.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Infants in our study are likely susceptible to measles for the majority of their first year of life. All measles-exposed infants should be presumed susceptible, regardless of age. High population-level measles vaccine coverage is essential to protect this susceptible population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}