Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Protection against Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection in commercial pigs via immunization with inactivated vaccines prepared with homologous or heterologous strains","authors":"Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Gan ,&nbsp;Ting Yuan ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Huang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanna Wei ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zubair ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayu Chen ,&nbsp;Guoqing Shao ,&nbsp;Zhixin Feng ,&nbsp;Qiyan Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</em> is a highly prevalent pathogen in pig farms worldwide, causing polyserositis and polyarthritis, resulting in great economic losses. Previous genotyping and pathogenic studies have revealed significant genetic and antigenic diversity among <em>M. hyorhinis</em> strains. While there are reports on <em>M. hyorhinis</em> vaccine development, the cross-protection between different <em>M. hyorhinis</em> strains has not been clarified. In this study, two <em>M. hyorhinis</em> strains (HEF-16 and JS-54), belonging to different sequence types, were inactivated to produce vaccines. Pigs were vaccinated respectively and subsequently infected with strain HEF-16. The protection against challenge with homologous or heterologous strains was determined and compared. Both vaccinated groups of pigs exhibited a high antibody titer two weeks after the first vaccination, and significant decreases in pathogen load in joints, along with an increase in average daily weight gain compared to the challenged group after <em>M. hyorhinis</em> challenge. Pigs immunized with the HEF-16-derived vaccine showed a significant reduction in joint swelling and lameness, similar to pigs immunized with the JS-54-derived vaccine. At necropsy, animals in the challenged group exhibited moderate-to-severe polyserositis and arthritis, whereas pathological changes were greatly reduced in animals from the vaccinated groups. No significant differences were observed in clinical symptoms nor pathological damages between the two vaccinated groups. Overall, our study demonstrates the effective protection of the inactivated <em>M. hyorhinis</em> vaccines against challenges with homologous or heterologous strains in commercial pigs. This indicates a promising clinical application prospect for inactivated bacterin vaccines in preventing <em>M. hyorhinis</em>-related diseases in pig farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating adult accident and emergency attendances in English hospitals attributed to respiratory syncytial virus","authors":"A. Vyse ,&nbsp;H. Wright ,&nbsp;E. Begier","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this short communication, we describe annual accident and emergency (A&amp;E) respiratory illness attendances in English hospitals for the years 2017–2019 estimated to be attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults aged ≥18 years. Results suggest RSV caused an overall annual average of 23,440 adult A&amp;E respiratory attendances in England across this period, equating to 53 A&amp;E adult respiratory attendances per 100,000 population per year. Adult respiratory A&amp;E attendance due to RSV increased with age and was highest in older adults, especially those aged ≥75 years where RSV was estimated to cause an average of 238 respiratory attendances per 100,000 population per year. However, this may be under an under ascertainment as respiratory attendances only were included. A further proportion of adult A&amp;E attendances due to cardiac events such as myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias and ischemic stroke (IS) may be attributed to an RSV infection, particularly in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention-amenable factors associated with lack of HPV vaccination in Kenya: Results from a large national phone survey","authors":"Corrina Moucheraud ,&nbsp;Eric Ochieng ,&nbsp;Vitalis Ogutu ,&nbsp;L. Cindy Chang ,&nbsp;Ginger Golub ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Crespi ,&nbsp;Peter G. Szilagyi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains suboptimal in many countries, but the determinants are not well-understood particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We undertook a random digit dialed phone survey across Kenya between July–October 2022, with parents/caregivers of preadolescent girls, to identify intervention-amenable factors associated with respondents' daughter's HPV vaccination status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Informed by the World Health Organization Behavioral and Social Drivers of Vaccination framework, we collected information about respondents' knowledge about and hesitancy toward HPV vaccine, perceived risk of cervical cancer, social norms around HPV vaccination, trust in institutions, and access to HPV vaccination services.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1416 parents/caregivers completed the survey (97.4 % of those eligible), of whom 38.2 % said that age-eligible girl(s) in their household had received any doses of the HPV vaccine. <u>Knowledge/perceptions</u>: In multivariable models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, respondents with less HPV vaccine hesitancy and fewer concerns about safety were more likely to have vaccinated daughter(s), as were those with greater knowledge about HPV vaccine and knowing someone who had died from cervical cancer. <u>Social norms</u>: Having spoken with others about HPV vaccination, although reported by less than half of respondents, and believing that other parents have vaccinated their daughters were associated with having vaccinated daughter(s). Respondents with more trust in information about HPV vaccination from health systems, and with higher trust in institutions, had greater odds of having vaccinated daughter(s). <u>Access</u>: One-fifth of respondents had experienced, or anticipated experiencing, challenges accessing HPV vaccination services, and these respondents had approximately half the odds of having a vaccinated daughter compared to their counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Promising areas for intervention include: targeted messaging about safety of the HPV vaccine, increasing parents'/caregivers' knowledge about the vaccine, and leveraging trusted messengers including health workers, faith leaders, and peer parents/caregivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between parental vaccine hesitancy and geographical coverage for childhood vaccination: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sukriti Gera ,&nbsp;Monsurul Hoq ,&nbsp;Margie Danchin ,&nbsp;Jane Tuckerman","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental vaccine hesitancy and vaccine coverage for all recommended vaccines for children under five years residing in Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3). SA3 groupings represent clustering groups of smaller areas, such as regional towns and cities or clusters of related suburbs, which share similar regional characteristics, administrative boundaries or labour markets, and generally have populations between 30,000 and 130,000 persons.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used parental vaccine hesitancy data from the VBAT (Vaccine Barrier Assessment Tool) study and vaccine coverage by postcode data from the Australian Immunisation Coverage Report 2020/21. Binary logistic regression analysis explored the association.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were complete data for 1110 participants. We found lower vaccine concerns in parents residing in medium coverage (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.36, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.22 to 0.59) and high coverage (aOR 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.22 to 0.60) SA3 areas compared to low coverage geographical areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Developing effective policies to vaccinate children under five in low coverage areas will help reduce vaccine inequity in Australia. Future strategies to improve vaccine coverage should consider ways to address both access and acceptance barriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing influenza vaccines: A review of next-generation candidates and their potential for global health impact","authors":"Jessica Taaffe ,&nbsp;Julia T. Ostrowsky ,&nbsp;Joshua Mott ,&nbsp;Shoshanna Goldin ,&nbsp;Martin Friede ,&nbsp;Pierre Gsell ,&nbsp;Christopher Chadwick","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Influenza vaccines are an essential tool for influenza prevention, control and preparedness. However, demand for them and their programmatic suitability globally is significantly influenced by their variable effectiveness against influenza illness annually, limited duration of protection and need for yearly updating and vaccination. As such, the World Health Organization and major funders, such as the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, have strongly encouraged developing influenza vaccines with increased efficacy, breadth and duration of protection. Here, we review the next-generation influenza vaccine pipeline, focusing on products in clinical development, and compare their characteristics to currently approved seasonal influenza vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To identify and characterize next-generation influenza vaccine candidates, we conducted a comprehensive literature review, using the CIDRAP Universal Influenza Vaccine Technology Landscape as a primary reference source and extracting additional information from peer-reviewed manuscripts, clinical trial records and other media in the public domain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analysis reveals a robust clinical development pipeline for next-generation influenza vaccines, featuring a diversity of approaches to address existing vaccine challenges and several candidates in advanced stages of development. mRNA vaccines emerged as a predominant platform, as evidenced by the number of candidates focused on improved seasonal protection as well as combination vaccine candidates targeting additional respiratory viruses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While still early in development, results from universal or broadly protective products are promising and warrant continued investment from funders. As most Phase 3 candidates are mRNA-based and include combination vaccines, it is critical to begin considering how these new products may become integrated into the current global influenza vaccine strain selection and manufacturing ecosystems, and existing immunization programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective integration of COVID-19 vaccination with routine immunization: A case study from Kinshasa, DRC","authors":"Guillaume Mwamba ,&nbsp;Emily Margaret Gibson ,&nbsp;Carla Toko ,&nbsp;Christelle Tunda ,&nbsp;Yves Rolland Kouabenan ,&nbsp;Joseph Musenga ,&nbsp;Benedicte Waula ,&nbsp;Freddy Nkosi ,&nbsp;Mireille Mutuale Ciabu Nkima ,&nbsp;Jean Mupenda ,&nbsp;Emily Lawrence ,&nbsp;Mariam Zameer ,&nbsp;Patou Musumari","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In response to the challenge of maintaining COVID-19 vaccination coverage amidst the pandemic, VillageReach, in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Health Prevention and Hygiene in Kinshasa, DRC, integrated COVID-19 vaccination with routine immunization services at two primary healthcare facilities. This initiative, launched in July 2022, represented the first of its kind in the DRC, aiming to assess the effectiveness and scalability of a multimodal vaccination approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Through a rapid appraisal involving key informant interviews and analysis of pre- and post-integration service delivery data, this case study explores the operational dynamics and outcomes of integrating COVID-19 and routine immunizations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results demonstrated that the integrated approach not only maintained COVID-19 vaccine coverage but also significantly enhanced routine immunization uptake, particularly among under-immunized and zero-dose children. Overall, the vaccination sites, outreach, and integrated health facilities administered 229,983 (33 %) of COVID-19 vaccines in Kinshasa, of which 53 % were referred by community health workers. Additionally, 998 under-immunized children received routine immunizations, of whom 126 were zero-dose children. Key success factors included sustained community health worker engagement, neighborhood-specific strategies, accessible vaccination points, and robust data management. The findings suggest that such integrative strategies can effectively bolster immunization coverage in urban poor communities, offering valuable insights for similar initiatives in the DRC and beyond.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study advocates for sustained investment in innovative immunization models to strengthen primary healthcare systems post-pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 126392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the characteristics of mumps outbreaks in Fujian Province, China","authors":"Ruihong Wu ,&nbsp;Zhifei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiuhui Yang ,&nbsp;Yahong Chen ,&nbsp;Danhong Chen ,&nbsp;Hairong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Weiyi Pan ,&nbsp;Dong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Identifying the specifics and potential causes of mumps outbreaks in the Fujian Province during the period of 2017 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mumps cases reported by the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Report System (NNCDRS) in China during the observation period of the 5 years were investigated annually and by age to detect homogeneity of the spread of the disease over time. If specific age-peaks may appear, we investigated those figures by analysing group characteristics in mumps cases presented as outbreaks. Those characteristics include demography (age and sex), clinical symptoms, place and time identification, and vaccination status. Regarding the latter, it was hypothesized that cases manifesting an outbreaks and appearing in young adults should have a low vaccination coverage, and a long-lasting period since they received their vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total number of mumps cases reported during the observation period was 15,294, leading to incidence rates ranging from 3.2/100,000 to 8.0/100,000 per year. In the older age-group the disease spread by year and age (9 to 15y old) manifested 20 outbreaks accounting for 710 cases, all happening during 2017 to 2019. Thereafter those outbreaks disappeared in that age-group. The group characteristics specified that all the outbreaks happened in school settings, with a median age of 13y (range 6 to 19y). Parotid gland enlargement was observed in 82.7 %. The median duration of the outbreaks was 28 days, varying from 14 to 74 days. Only 27.6 % of the cases received at least one dose of the MuCV vaccine, and among these vaccinated individuals, 94.9 % developed mumps more than 5 years after vaccination. The dramatic reduction in outbreaks after 2019 could be explained by the public health measures taken during the COVID period and/or the new vaccination policy implemented in 2008 (free vaccination, 1 dose) and 2020 (2 doses) of young children causing therefore a lower rate of circulation of the virus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mumps outbreaks observed in young adults during 2017–2019 causing a disease peak, indicated a potential link to unsatisfactory vaccination coverage with prolonged interval since receiving the vaccine. As those disease peaks disappeared since 2020, close monitoring for new outbreaks in young adults is recommended that may initiate a new vaccination strategy for that age-group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refinement and optimisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae NHBA and MetQ vaccine candidates","authors":"Taha,&nbsp;Sharareh Eskandari,&nbsp;Valentin A. Slesarenko,&nbsp;Thomas Haselhorst,&nbsp;Evgeny A. Semchenko ,&nbsp;Kate L. Seib","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> has a significant impact on reproductive health with an estimated 82 million new cases of infection per year worldwide. Due to the ongoing emergence of multidrug-resistant <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> strains<em>,</em> the high number of asymptomatic cases, and the risk of disease sequelae, the development of a gonococcal vaccine is urgently needed. We have previously described two potential gonococcal vaccine antigens, cNHBA (C-terminal fragment of the Neisseria Heparin Binding Antigen) and MetQ (methionine-binding protein). This study aimed to optimise these antigens for improved immune responses and to facilitate vaccine production, by investigating cNHBA fusions with the full-length MetQ protein or N-terminal and C-terminal MetQ fragments (Met1 and Met2, respectively) adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide. The cNHBA and MetQ fragments and fusion antigens were all immunogenic in mice, generating a predominantly IgG1 response. Antibodies mediated bacterial killing <em>via</em> both serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA), and reduced adherence to cervical and urethral epithelial cells. Among the antigen fusions tested, MetQ-cNHBA and cNHBA-Met2 generated the highest SBA, OPA and adherence blocking titres and are proposed as promising optimised antigens for <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety signal detected: Anaphylaxis after attenuated dengue vaccine (TAK-003) – Brazil, march 1, 2023-march 11, 2024","authors":"Jadher Percio,&nbsp;Carla Dinamerica Kobayashi,&nbsp;Roberta Mendes Abreu Silva,&nbsp;Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli Marinho,&nbsp;Leon Capovilla,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Santos Andrade,&nbsp;Martha Elizabeth Brasil da Nóbrega,&nbsp;Cibelle Mendes Cabral,&nbsp;Monica Brauner de Moraes,&nbsp;Guilherme Loureiro Werneck,&nbsp;Eder Gatti Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim was to describe cases of anaphylaxis following the Attenuated Dengue Vaccine (TAK-003) in Brazil, from March 1, 2023, to March 11, 2024. A descriptive study of anaphylaxis cases following TAK-003 was conducted, as reported in the National System of Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). Percentages and notification rates of AEFI per million doses administered (DA) were calculated. In total, 380,358 doses of TAK-003 were administered, and 626 AEFI were reported. Of these, 85 were cases of immediate hypersensitivity, with 24 (63.1 cases per million) being anaphylaxis, including three anaphylactic shock. For 10 (41.7 %) cases, reactions began within 15 min after vaccination. No deaths related to anaphylaxis were reported. In light of the safety signal identification (increased frequency of anaphylaxis post-dengue vaccination), the Ministry of Health of Brazil published recommendations for intensifying actions for safe vaccination, including healthcare professional training and post-vaccination observation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using regression tree analysis to examine demographic and geographic characteristics of COVID-19 vaccination trends over time, United States, May 2021–April 2022, National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module","authors":"Morgan Earp ,&nbsp;Lu Meng ,&nbsp;Carla L. Black ,&nbsp;Rosalind J. Carter ,&nbsp;Peng-Jun Lu ,&nbsp;James A. Singleton ,&nbsp;Terence Chorba","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data from the nationally representative National Immunization Survey (NIS), we applied conditional linear regression tree methodology to examine relationships between demographic and geographic factors and propensity of receiving various doses of COVID-19 vaccine over time; these analyses identified temporal changes in these relationships that heretofore had not been identified using conventional logistical regression methodologies.</div><div>Three regression tree models were built using an R package, Recursive Partitioning for Modeling Survey (rpms), to examine propensities over time of receiving a (1) first dose of a two-dose COVID-19 mRNA primary vaccination series or single dose of the Janssen vaccine (vaccine initiation), (2) primary series completion, and (3) monovalent booster dose, using a conditional linear effect model. Persons ≥50 years were more likely to complete a primary series and receive a first booster dose; persons reporting having received non-COVID-19 vaccines recently were more likely to initiate vaccination, complete the primary series, and get a first booster dose; persons reporting having work or school requirements were more likely to complete the primary series. Persons not reporting having received non-COVID-19 vaccines in 2 years but reporting having work or school vaccination requirements were more likely to initiate vaccination than those without work/school requirements. Among persons not reporting having received non-COVID-19 vaccines in 2 years and not reporting having work or school vaccination requirements, those aged ≥50 years were more likely to initiate vaccination than were younger adults. Propensity of receiving various doses was correlated with age, having recently received non-COVID 19 vaccines, and having vaccination requirements at work or school.</div><div>Regression tree methodology enabled modeling of different COVID-19 vaccination dose propensities as a linear effect of time, revealed changes in relationships over time between demographic factors and propensity of receipt of different doses, and identified populations that may benefit from vaccination outreach efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"Article 126372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}