Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 T-cell vaccine VB10.2210 induces broad T-cell responses in a phase 1/2 open-label clinical trial","authors":"Camilla Tøndel ,&nbsp;Synne Jenum ,&nbsp;Kristian Tonby ,&nbsp;Erik Egeland Christensen ,&nbsp;Rebecca Jane Cox ,&nbsp;Therese Bredholt Onyango ,&nbsp;Linda Gail Skeie ,&nbsp;Harlan Robins ,&nbsp;Mark Klinger ,&nbsp;Barb Banbury ,&nbsp;Thomas Bello ,&nbsp;Edward J. Osborne ,&nbsp;Marthe Jøntvedt Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Stephane Pourpe ,&nbsp;Ingvild Sørum Leikfoss ,&nbsp;Thomas Jürgens ,&nbsp;Hedda Wold ,&nbsp;Siri Torhaug ,&nbsp;Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad ,&nbsp;Diana Edo-Matas ,&nbsp;Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The repeated emergence of highly transmissive SARS-CoV-2 variants requires a broadly protective vaccine. We developed a T-cell vaccine VB10.2210 that targets SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens to antigen presenting cells comprising 96 validated immunogenic T-cell epitopes covering a global HLA diversity. We report results from a first in human open-label dose-escalation phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of VB10.2210. The study investigated three dose levels (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg), delivered intramuscularly as DNA plasmid by jet injection (<span><span>NCT05069623</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), in 34 healthy adults previously vaccinated with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The safety profile was favorable with no observed dose-limiting toxicity. The 3 mg dose elicited the most potent immune response with enhanced breadth and a CD8+ dominated T cell response. T cell responses towards spike protein and de novo responses to non-spike antigens were confirmed by ELISpot. Expansion of VB10.2210 specific T-cell clones was confirmed by TCR sequencing. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of DNA vaccines inducing broad virus specific T-cell immunity in preventing severe COVID-19 or as treatment of patients with persistent infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fathers' reports of within-household vaccine decision making and young children's COVID-19 vaccination status","authors":"In Young Park ,&nbsp;Alejandra Cantu-Aldana ,&nbsp;Natalie Grafft ,&nbsp;Brian K. Lo ,&nbsp;Katherine W. Bauer ,&nbsp;Brent A. McBride ,&nbsp;Sebastien J. Haneuse ,&nbsp;Jess Haines ,&nbsp;Kirsten K. Davison","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how parents make decisions about child vaccination is important to guide interventions to increase child vaccination rates. However, few studies have examined parent vaccine decision making within households and no studies have examined this question from the perspective of fathers. In a sample of 943 fathers, from the <em>Fathers &amp; Families</em> cohort and living in two-parent (father-mother) households, this study examines parents' decision making and agreement about their child receiving, or not receiving, the COVID-19 vaccine, and links with children's vaccination status. The association between fathers' and mothers' agreement about whether or not to vaccinate child against COVID-19 and child COVID-19 vaccination status was examined using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for parent characteristics. The vast majority of fathers (89.0%) reported that they and their child's mother jointly decided on vaccinating their child and typically agreed on whether or not to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that children whose parents agreed on whether or not to vaccinate them were 14.8 times (B = 2.70, 95% CI: 7.1–31.2) more likely to have received the COVID-19 vaccine than those whose parents disagreed or had not discussed vaccination. The findings highlight a new avenue for outreach efforts aimed at promoting child vaccination rates through understanding fathers' specific concerns about child vaccines and communication with fathers and mothers about child vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding COVID-19 vaccination choices and development of a toolkit and training for Botswana, 2022–2023","authors":"Megan E. Mansfield ,&nbsp;Lillian Okui ,&nbsp;Selebaleng Simon ,&nbsp;Divya Hosangadi ,&nbsp;Milton Montebatsi ,&nbsp;Kaizer Ikgopoleng ,&nbsp;Lesego Kuate ,&nbsp;Basego Mothowaeng ,&nbsp;Nessa Ryan ,&nbsp;Daiva Yee ,&nbsp;Melissa Dahlke ,&nbsp;Kristen A. Stafford ,&nbsp;Ndwapi Ndwapi ,&nbsp;Abia Sebaka ,&nbsp;Stacie M. Greby","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2022, despite initial coverage data indicating good acceptance of the vaccine by eligible groups, COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Botswana was below the Ministry of Health's goal of 80%, with underlying reasons unclear. Therefore, we conducted a study to identify facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination to inform the design and implementation of a toolkit to improve COVID-19 vaccination rates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a sequential two-phased exploratory mixed methods study: Phase 1 (toolkit development and refinement) followed by Phase 2 (toolkit implementation and evaluation). Phase 1 involved two rounds of focus group discussions (FGDs) with general population and health care providers from various regions, followed by thematic analysis. Round 1 (32 FGDs, <em>n</em> = 298) aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to vaccination, while Round 2 (10 FGDs, <em>n</em> = 86) provided feedback to refine the toolkit. Phase 2 included training across 14 districts and evaluated knowledge and competence of vaccine providers (<em>n</em> = 92) through electronic pre-post questionnaires and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests to assess differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Facilitators of vaccination included access to accurate and trusted information as well as realistic expectations about vaccine benefits and side effects. Barriers included misinformation, lack of access to trusted information, difficulty accessing vaccines, and concerns about side effects. The toolkit content was tailored to the local context for providers and the public. Feedback indicated the toolkit was informative and helpful, with recommendations to add information on booster doses, vaccinating adolescents, and additional visuals, while limiting referrals to external information sources. Post-training assessments showed improvements in vaccine-related knowledge (Z = 221, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and competence in vaccine care and counseling (Z = 22, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Participants showed increased knowledge (Z = 292, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and competence (Z = 77, p &lt; 0.001) in motivational interviewing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Engagement with general public and providers in Botswana informed the design of an evidence-based, culturally appropriate toolkit and training that effectively improved vaccine knowledge and provider competence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological response of using emulsifying elongation factor 1 alpha of Plasmodium falciparum-based vaccines in complete Freund's adjuvant","authors":"Hyelee Hong ,&nbsp;Tae-Hui Eom ,&nbsp;Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Eunho Lee ,&nbsp;Hyun-Young Lee ,&nbsp;Solchan Won ,&nbsp;Dong-Sup Lee ,&nbsp;Mi-il Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Park ,&nbsp;Seon-Ju Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most studies of malarial vaccines focused on increasing immunity against target molecules on the surface of <em>Plasmodium</em> spp. parasites. While the surface antigens are variable among all <em>Plasmodium</em> spp., intracellular antigens are highly conserved, and thus, intracellular targets must be studied as vaccine candidates. However, there is a scarcity of intracellular vaccine candidates in <em>Plasmodium</em> parasites. In this study, immune responses induced by complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) emulsified with an elongation factor-1 alpha of <em>P. falciparum</em> (<em>Pf</em>EF-1α) was analyzed as a <em>Plasmodium</em> spp. conserved vaccine candidate. In vivo vaccine efficacy, antibody production, and <em>ex vivo</em> T-cell cytokine assays were analyzed to validate the potential of <em>Pf</em>EF-1α at CFA-based formulation in a rodent model. Immunoinformatics was employed to predict potential vaccine epitope candidates, and a novel peptide candidate was validated by <em>ex vivo</em> T-cell study. The survival rate of the r<em>Pf</em>EF-1α plus CFA-immunized group was increased by 50% and among the survived mice, half proportion of mice was not patent at all while all BSA plus CFA showed the patency. Upon co-culturing of T cells with dendritic cells, <em>Pf</em>EF-1α-specific <em>ex vivo</em> T-cell assay revealed CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ secretion as the dominant immune response, followed by CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD4⁺IL-4⁺ subsets. Immunization with r<em>Pf</em>EF-1-α plus CFA elicited robust humoral immunity, demonstrating a 16-fold higher antigen-specific IgG endpoint titer compared to the BSA plus CFA-immunized group. IgG1 and IgG2c titers in r<em>Pf</em>EF-1α plus CFA-immunized mice were highly elevated over BSA plus CFA-immunized group. Furthermore, the <em>Pf</em>EF-1α epitope (410-FAIRDMRQTI-419), identified through in silico prediction and validated, induced IFN-γ secretion in <em>ex vivo</em> C57BL/6 T-cell study. These results demonstrate <em>Pf</em>EF-1α's capacity to drive protective T-cell responses and antibody production with CFA adjuvant. Our findings suggest the use of intracellular antigen for development of malaria vaccine targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of reminder messages, with and without financial incentives, on influenza vaccination: A randomized trial in a California health system","authors":"Tom Y. Chang ,&nbsp;Mireille Jacobson ,&nbsp;Manisha Shah ,&nbsp;Rajiv Pramanik ,&nbsp;Samir B. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccine hesitancy has risen in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising new concerns about declining uptake of routine immunizations like the seasonal flu shot. Although past studies have shown that financial incentives can boost vaccination, it is unclear whether these strategies remain effective in today's more skeptical environment. To examine this, we conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial in a racially and economically diverse county health system in Northern California. The trial, which was conducted between January 17 and February 16, 2024, tested the impact of financial incentives and reminder messages on flu vaccination uptake, focusing on patients who remained unvaccinated late in the flu season and despite multiple prior outreach attempts by the health system. A total of 69,972 adult patients overdue for influenza vaccinations were randomized to one of three arms: (1) standard care, (2) a reminder message, or (3) a reminder with a $50 financial incentive to get vaccinated within one week. We hypothesized that a reminder message with a financial incentive would increase vaccination uptake more than standard of care. We further hypothesized it would increase uptake more than a reminder message alone. We found that while reminder messages alone had no impact on vaccination uptake, the addition of a $50 incentive nearly doubled the 1-week vaccination rate—from 0.343% to 0.613% (a 0.27 percentage point increase; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Thirty days later the reminder message still had no impact relative to standard of care (0.14 percentage points, <em>p</em>-value 0.218) but the financial incentive effect persisted, increasing the vaccination rate from 1.55 to 1.92 percentage points (0.37 percentage points <em>p</em>-value 0.002). These findings suggest that financial incentives remain a powerful tool for increasing influenza vaccine uptake, even among those who remain unvaccinated late in the flu season.</div><div><strong>Trial Registration:</strong> NCT06300242</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VSA-2-, a novel plant-derived adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine","authors":"Awadalkareem Adam ,&nbsp;Christy Lee ,&nbsp;Madison C. Jones ,&nbsp;Brinley R. Harrington ,&nbsp;Jing Zou ,&nbsp;Bi-Hung Peng ,&nbsp;Xuping Xie ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Tian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>QS-21, a key component of several licensed vaccines is facing limited supply, dose-limiting toxicity and other drawbacks which together limit its broader usage. Development of saponin alternatives to QS-21 that retain its desirable adjuvant activity without its drawbacks is in high need. Incorporating an amide side chain into the more sustainable <em>Momordica</em> saponins (MS) I and II led to the recent discovery of two semisynthetic immunostimulatory adjuvants VSA-1 and VSA-2. Here, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding protein (RBD) adjuvanted with VSA-2 induced high titers of SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and T helper-1 prone immune responses in mice comparable to that triggered by QS-21-RBD vaccination. Vaccination with VSA-2-RBD provided strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 and variants infection and the virus-induced lung inflammation and pathology similarly as QS-21-RBD vaccination. Overall, our results suggest that VSA-2 adjuvant can potentially complement the clinically proven saponin adjuvant QS-21 in vaccines against infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential impact of the 20-valent (PCV20) and an adult 21-valent (aPCV21) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in England","authors":"Aryan Nikhab ,&nbsp;Tara Patel ,&nbsp;Graeme Rooney ,&nbsp;Sobia Wasti ,&nbsp;Fariyo Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Joshua C. D'Aeth ,&nbsp;Seyi Eletu ,&nbsp;David Litt ,&nbsp;Shamez N. Ladhani","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Several higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been licensed recently, including a 20-valent PCV (PCV20) for children and adults and 21-valent PCV (aPCV21) licensed for adults. We assessed the potential for aPCV21 to further reduce the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in England.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>IPD cases are electronically reported to the UKHSA and pneumococcal isolates are routinely submitted to the UKHSA national reference laboratory for confirmation and serotyping. We used national enhanced surveillance data for all IPD cases confirmed in England (July 2023–June 2024) to estimate the number of cases potentially preventable by aPCV21 in addition to the current childhood 13-valent PCV (PCV13) programme and a potential future childhood PCV20 programme.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 5080 confirmed IPD cases. 4826 cases (95.0%) were serotyped, of which there were 1402 cases (29.1% of serotyped isolates) of PCV13-serotype IPD and 3105 cases (64.3%) of PCV20-serotype IPD, including 1703 cases (35.3%) with additional serotypes compared to PCV13.</div><div>aPCV21 contains four shared serotypes with PCV13, seven additional serotypes shared with PCV20 and 10 novel serotypes. This equated to 939 (19.5%), 2642 (54.7%) and 1300 (26.9%) IPD cases with known serotype, respectively.</div><div>Across England, 6.9% (271/3942) of aPCV21-serotype IPD cases were in children aged &lt;15 years, 35.8% (1411/3942) in adults aged 15–64 years and 57.3% (2260/3942) in older adults aged ≥65 years. By age group, however, the proportions of IPD cases due to aPCV21 serotypes were similar and there were no significant differences in aPCV21 coverage by clinical presentation or fatal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>aPCV21 has the potential to prevent a large proportion of the remaining IPD burden in adults. Given that the proportion of aPCV21-serotypes within age groups is similar, such a vaccine would have a large impact in the childhood immunisation programme because of the direct and indirect protection offered by the vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant spike protein COVID vaccine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and transplant recipient","authors":"Ahamed Lazim Vattoth ,&nbsp;Mary S. Hayney ,&nbsp;Amir Masoud Forati ,&nbsp;Brandy Warren ,&nbsp;Raj Kalkeri ,&nbsp;Miranda R. Cai ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Cai ,&nbsp;MingZhu Zhu ,&nbsp;Shane Cloney-Clark ,&nbsp;Joyce S. Plested ,&nbsp;Sandesh Parajuli ,&nbsp;Freddy Caldera","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Immunosuppressed individuals are at increased risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although mRNA vaccines have shown efficacy in these populations, data on protein-based vaccines remain limited. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2601) in immunosuppressed patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center, prospective ARMOR study included adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or solid organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy who had received ≥3 prior COVID-19 vaccine doses. Participants received one NVX-CoV2601 booster with follow-up at one and six months. The primary outcome was change in humoral immunogenicity from baseline to one month post-vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-one immunosuppressed patients (18 IBD, 3 solid organ transplant recipients) were enrolled and compared with 57 age/sex-matched healthy controls. In ARMOR participants, anti-spike IgG GMT increased significantly post-immunization (22,969 to 66,639 EU/mL; 2.9-fold increase, <em>p</em> = 0.001). Healthy controls increased from 54,812 to 129,813 EU/mL (2.4-fold increase; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). After baseline adjustment, no significant difference existed between groups at day 28. At 6 months, antibodies waned faster in immunosuppressed subjects. NVX-CoV2601 was well tolerated without IBD flares or organ rejection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NVX-CoV2601 was safe and immunogenic with similar humoral responses compared to healthy controls, making it a viable alternative for immunosuppressed patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination during or just prior to pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","authors":"Andrea J. Sharma ,&nbsp;Ashley N. Smoots ,&nbsp;Sabrina A. Madni ,&nbsp;Lauren Head Zauche ,&nbsp;Ansley Waters ,&nbsp;Aliza Machefsky ,&nbsp;David K. Shay ,&nbsp;Cameron Hinrichsen ,&nbsp;Jenna Chambless ,&nbsp;Kendra Norris ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Thompson ,&nbsp;Tara Johnson ,&nbsp;Sascha Ellington ,&nbsp;Christine K. Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality. To identify potential safety concerns, we evaluated whether COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy or within 30 days of last menstrual period was associated with self-reported HDP. We also evaluated HDP risk associated with COVID-19 illness during pregnancy.</div><div>We conducted a matched cohort study using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry (C19VPR; vaccinated) and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS; unvaccinated). Participants included nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies ending in livebirth (C19VPR, December 2020–March 2022; PRAMS, 2019–2021). Participants were matched by age group, race/ethnicity, and gestational age at delivery. We estimated relative risk (RR) for self-reported HDP by vaccination status using Poisson regression, adjusting for confounders. We tested for effect modification by vaccine manufacturer and vaccination timing (&lt;20 or ≥ 20 weeks' gestation). Among matched pairs with data on self-reported COVID-19 illness in pregnancy, we estimated risk of HDP by illness status.</div><div>Of 8030 eligible C19VPR participants, 8024 (99.9%) were matched to a PRAMS participant. Most C19VPR participants delivered in 2021 (98.9%); PRAMS participants delivered predominantly in 2020 (54.5%) and 2019 (17.4%). Adjusted RR for HDP was 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.43) among C19VPR versus PRAMS participants. We observed no effect modification. Results of an analysis restricted to matched pairs who delivered in 2021 (<em>n</em> = 2231) were similar. Among matched pairs (<em>n</em> = 4039) with data on COVID-19 illness in pregnancy, adjusted RR for HDP was 1.28 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.60) for those reporting illness compared with no illness.</div><div>Risk of HDP was higher among COVID-19 vaccinated compared to unvaccinated women; however, the two groups were sampled from different cohorts. Risk was similar to those who reported COVID-19 illness. Given cohort differences, the associations observed cannot be considered causal; updated assessments of HDP risks after illness and vaccination would be useful.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotype-specific incidence and comparative vaccine coverage of invasive pneumococcal disease among adults ≥65 years of age in European countries from 2011 to 2023","authors":"Lefteris Floros ,&nbsp;Kelly D. Johnson ,&nbsp;Eleana Tsoumani","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is associated with a significant clinical and economic burden among adults ≥65 years of age in Europe. The distribution of bacterial serotypes responsible for IPD has changed over time, including in response to the introduction of pediatric and adult pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). These shifts necessitate the ongoing development of new multivalent vaccines to ensure that pneumococcal vaccination programs continue to target serotypes associated with significant disease burden.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the current study was to compare the proportion of IPD cases among adults ≥65 years of age that are targetable with PCV21 compared to PCV20 in multiple European countries, and to assess trends in these proportions over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We synthesized age- and serotype-specific IPD incidence data from 2011 to 2023. Data were obtained from government surveillance reports and peer-reviewed publications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Continuous serotype-specific data on the incidence of IPD among adults ≥65 years of age were available for 15 European countries. The average proportion of these IPD cases that were targetable by PCV21 increased during the study period; from 2014 onward, this proportion exceeded the proportion of cases targetable by PCV20, with an overall difference in serotype coverage of 14.0 % by 2023. These trends were driven largely by 8 countries that had a markedly higher reported incidence of IPD between 2011 and 2019 compared to the other 7 countries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In many European countries, PCV21-targetable serotypes are now responsible for more cases of IPD among adults ≥65 years of age than are PCV20-targetable serotypes. Implementing PCV21 in adult pneumococcal vaccination programs may therefore help reduce the clinical and economic burden of IPD among this high-risk age group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}