Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Duration of protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after primary homologous vaccination or first infection","authors":"Ivana Mihin Huskić ,&nbsp;Mirta Benšić ,&nbsp;Ksenija Kretonić ,&nbsp;Ivan Miškulin ,&nbsp;Maja Miškulin ,&nbsp;Josip Milas ,&nbsp;Danijela Nujić","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to determine the duration of protection in 95 % of the population after primary vaccination (PV) and/or acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to make public health decisions. A study was a retrospective cohort study conducted in Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia, between December 27, 2020, and May 12, 2023.</div><div>A total of 119,596 subjects of both sexes and all age groups were analyzed. The method of survival analysis was used.</div><div>The length of protection (LoP) for 95 % and 90 % of the population with first infection was 256 (confidence interval (CI) 251–264) days and 365 (CI 350–381) days, respectively. In those primarily vaccinated, the longest duration of protection was recorded in subjects having received primary homologous vaccination with Spikevax (Moderna), 143 (CI 133–150) and 192 (CI 183–201) days, followed by those with Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer), 119 (CI 116–122) and 168 (CI 165–170) days, respectively. The respective duration of protection was 77 (71–84) and 164 (154–172) days for Jcovden (Janssen-Cilag), and 125 (118–131) and 149 (144–154) days for Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca). Protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection was longest as compared with the LoP following primary vaccination with any of the vaccines.</div><div>The interval for vaccination of the general population previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 is on average twice the protection provided by primary vaccination with any homologous vaccine. Conclusions based on the study results are relevant for making public health measures concerning re-vaccination timing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 127440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-amplifying mRNA expressing COBRA hemagglutinin elicits long-lasting, broadly reactive antibodies against seasonal influenza A viruses","authors":"Spencer R. Pierce ,&nbsp;Hua Shi ,&nbsp;Camila Caetano ,&nbsp;David A. Prots ,&nbsp;Michael A. Carlock ,&nbsp;Audrey M. Cervantes ,&nbsp;Brian L. Hua ,&nbsp;Amy R. Rappaport ,&nbsp;Heather Larson ,&nbsp;Ciaran D. Scallan ,&nbsp;Karin Jooss ,&nbsp;Ted M. Ross","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of universal or broadly-reactive influenza virus vaccines is critical for addressing emerging pandemic strains, as well as improving the effectiveness and longevity of annual, seasonal influenza virus vaccines. The next generation of influenza vaccines need to address expanding the breadth of vaccine induced immune response to neutralize drifted variants, enhance the longevity of elicited immunity, and preferably use single-shot platforms that will reduce the number of vaccinations and expand the number of doses available. In this report, influenza hemagglutinin sequences, developed using computationally optimized broadly-reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology, were expressed from a self-amplifying mRNA (samRNA) vector to elicit broadly-reactive, protective immunity following a single vaccination of mice or ferrets. Three COBRA HA antigens representing an H1 HA (Y2) or two H3 HA (J4 or NG2) were expressed from individual samRNA vectors and administered individually or mixed as H1/H3 HA samRNA vaccines. In addition, two HA antigens were expressed from the same vector (Y2-J4 or Y2-NG2) as a dual expressing samRNA vaccine. Mice or ferrets vaccinated with these samRNA vaccines had long-lasting antibodies with hemagglutination-inhibition activity against a panel of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains representing past, current, and future drifted influenza virus variants. In addition, samRNA expressed COBRA HA antigens elicited H1 and H3 specific T cell resposnes against HA head and stem regions. Animals challenged with H1N1 or H3N2 influenza viruses had little weight loss or signs of morbidity and little to no virus detected in the lungs or nasal washes following challenge. Overall, samRNA vectors, expressing COBRA HA antigens, efficiency elicited broadly-reactive and protective immune responses following a single vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 127449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine uptake and effectiveness among people with recent history of injection drug use in British Columbia, Canada: A retrospective analysis","authors":"James Wilton ,&nbsp;Héctor Alexander Velásquez García ,&nbsp;Zaeema Naveed ,&nbsp;Alexis Crabtree ,&nbsp;Jane A. Buxton ,&nbsp;Jason Wong ,&nbsp;Mel Krajden ,&nbsp;Hind Sbihi ,&nbsp;Naveed Z. Janjua","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is a public health priority to assess vaccine impact in marginalized populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19 to inform population-specific policies and reduce health disparities. We assessed COVID-19 vaccine uptake and effectiveness among people who inject drugs (PWID) in British Columbia, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a population-based, linked data platform and a validated algorithm with high specificity to create a cohort of people aged 18–65 years with recent history of injection drug use (PWID). Vaccine uptake was assessed from Dec 15, 2020 (vaccine rollout) to the end of 2022. mRNA vaccine effectiveness against infection and severe outcomes was estimated using the test-negative study design during a period of Delta emergence/predominance (May 30th, 2021 to Nov 27th, 2021). We matched non-PWID to PWID on sociodemographics to create a comparison group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 26,581 PWID, of whom a subset (1188 test-positive cases, 169 severe outcomes) were included in vaccine effectiveness analyses. By the end of 2022, the percentage of PWID vs. non-PWID who had received a vaccine dose was 72.6 % vs. 83.0 % (1st dose) and 64.7 % vs. 81.1 % (2nd dose). Vaccine effectiveness within 7–179 days after 2nd dose among PWID was 80.0 % (95 % CI 76.1–83.3 %) against infection and 92.9 % (95 % CI 88.2–95.7 %) against severe outcomes. Equivalent estimates for non-PWID were 90.0 % (95 %CI 89.3–90.7 %) and 98.7 % (95 %CI 98.1–99.2 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vaccine uptake and effectiveness were substantial among people with recent history of injection drug use, but somewhat lower relative to non-PWID matched on sociodemographic characteristics. While results suggest vaccines likely played a large role in reducing the population-level impact of COVID-19 among PWID, our results also highlight a potentially avoidable excess disease burden. Results should be interpreted within the context of the pervasive marginalization of people who use drugs. Findings may also have implications for vaccine outreach efforts and booster dose prioritisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education as a mediator of ethnic disparities in adult COVID-19 vaccination in Peru","authors":"Ali Al-kassab-Córdova ,&nbsp;Edward Mezones-Holguín ,&nbsp;Jay S. Kaufman","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccines have saved millions of lives, although access is still unequal and subject to several underlying factors. This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of educational level on ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination status in Peru.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a cross-sectional study based on Peru's 2022 National Household Survey. Vaccination status was defined as receiving ‘zero doses’ versus ‘one or more doses’. Education level was categorized as low education (none or primary) and high education (secondary and higher). A 4-way decomposition analysis using interventional analogues was performed to assess the mediating and moderating roles of educational attainment in the association between self-reported ethnicity (Indigenous vs Mestizos, and Afro-Peruvian vs Mestizos) and COVID-19 vaccination status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 51,505 adults were included. Mestizo was self-reported as the most common ethnicity (57.9%), followed by Indigenous (34.1%) and Afro-Peruvian (8.0%). Indigenous and Afro-Peruvians had an absolute risk of not receiving any COVID-19 vaccination that was 14 and 28 percentage points higher, respectively, in comparison to Mestizo ethnicity. About 30% of the observed disparity was mediated through education level in both ethnic contrasts. The contributions of reference and mediated interactions were negligible, indicating an absence of intersectionality in this disparity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The ethnic disparity in adult COVID-19 vaccination coverage between Afro-Peruvians and Mestizos is twice as large as the disparity between Indigenous people and Mestizos. Increasing education levels for minority Peruvians would substantially diminish ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B subunit of the type 2 Shiga toxin e variant (Stx2e) bundled by a five-stranded α-helical coiled coil protects piglets from porcine edema disease","authors":"Takeshi Arakawa ,&nbsp;Hirotaka Uefuji ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Tamaki ,&nbsp;Shigeki Oogai ,&nbsp;Hikaru Arakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine edema disease (ED) is caused by infection with Shiga toxin type 2 e variant (Stx2e)-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC). To develop a new ED vaccine, we engineered a fusion protein, in which the Stx2e B subunit (Stx2eB) was fused to the five-stranded α-helical coiled coil domain of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), based on our recent finding that the coiled coil strongly stabilizes the B subunit pentamer of Stx2 (<strong>Tamaki Y, Harakuni T, Arakawa T. Shiga toxin type 2 B subunit protects mice against toxin challenge when leashed and bundled by a stable pentameric coiled-coil molecule. Vaccine. 2024 Mar 7;42(7):1757–1767</strong>). Purified Stx2eB–COMP fusion protein administered to mice conferred complete protection against a lethal dose of Stx2e. However, unfused Stx2eB conferred only 10 % protection. Furthermore, when Stx2eB was fused to a trimeric or tetrameric coiled coil, a marked reduction in protective efficacy was observed, indicating the importance of “five-to-five” fusion stoichiometry. Next, we immunized weaned piglets twice with 100 μg or 10 μg of the Stx2eB–COMP fusion protein, and then orally challenged the animals with a lethal dose of STEC. The piglets immunized with the high dose were almost completely free from clinical symptoms of ED, whereas three of the six piglets administered adjuvant-only died, and the remaining surviving piglets exhibited severe ED symptoms. Although all piglets immunized with the low dose survived, they exhibited mild to moderate ED symptoms. Our findings indicate that Stx2eB is highly protective only when bundled and molecularly stabilized by the coiled coil molecule.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA vaccination mitigates pathological retinochoroidal neovascularization in animal models","authors":"Yasuo Yanagi ,&nbsp;Hinako Ichikawa ,&nbsp;Le Bui Thao Nguyen ,&nbsp;Akimasa Hayashi ,&nbsp;Naoko Abe ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Abe ,&nbsp;Satoshi Uchida","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retinochoroidal neovascularization (NV), involved in macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and other ocular diseases, causes vision impairment and blindness. Current treatments rely on repeated intraocular injections of anti-angiogenic drugs, which are burdensome for patients and clinicians, and some patients fail to respond to the treatments. This study investigates the potential of mRNA vaccination to mitigate NV and treat ocular pathologies. The vaccine targets leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), a protein specifically expressed in pathological neovascularization, inducing anti-LRG1 antibody responses in mice. In a laser-induced NV model, the LRG1 mRNA vaccine reduces NV area and leakage while inhibiting microglial cell infiltration. Histological analysis shows no adverse effects on retinal architecture or glial cell activation. Additionally, in Vldlr knockout mice, LRG1 mRNA administration suppresses ongoing neovascularization and downregulates key angiogenic mediators. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of LRG1 mRNA as a novel strategy for CNV-associated diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking clinical severity of influenza in adult hospitalized patients in 2024: Data from the FluTer registry in Poland","authors":"Piotr Rzymski ,&nbsp;Robert Pleśniak ,&nbsp;Anna Piekarska ,&nbsp;Dominik Sznajder ,&nbsp;Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Tomasiewicz ,&nbsp;Paweł Skwara ,&nbsp;Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk ,&nbsp;Karolina Turzańska ,&nbsp;Maciej Piasecki ,&nbsp;Justyna Hlebowicz ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Sikorska ,&nbsp;Mateusz Mazur ,&nbsp;Monika Pazgan-Simon ,&nbsp;Robert Flisiak","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In late 2024, infectious disease specialists in Poland became alarmed about increased influenza-related hospitalizations, prompting concerns about disease severity shifts and underlying causes. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized influenza patients in 2024. Data were collected from thirteen infectious disease units participating in the FluTer registry. Hospitalization trends were compared with national surveillance data. Patient profiles, symptoms, laboratory results, and clinical severity were analyzed across early (2023/2024 epidemic season; January–August) and late 2024 (2024/2025 season; September–December), including sex-based differences. A total of 298 influenza-related hospitalizations were recorded in 2024, representing a 326 % increase from 2023, despite national surveillance reporting the lowest influenza incidence in three years. The majority (95.1 %) of cases were due to type A influenza, with 37.2 % of hospitalizations and 57.1 % of in-hospital deaths occurring in December 2024. Hospitalized patients were predominantly elderly, unvaccinated, obese, or had comorbidities. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the beginning and end of 2024, apart from a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease and asthma in later months. In-hospital mortality between September and December 2024 reached 6.1 %, peaking at 7.2 % in December. This was higher than the rates recorded in 2022 (1.7 %) and 2023 (5.1 %). Notably, all deaths in 2024 occurred among unvaccinated individuals. Nearly all patients (95.2 %) received oseltamivir, and over 60 % required antibiotics due to bacterial coinfections. The rise in hospitalizations and mortality likely resulted from population vulnerability and post-pandemic effects rather than increased viral severity. Findings emphasize the need for improved vaccination coverage, enhanced surveillance, and timely antiviral access. Reducing antibiotic overuse through better influenza prevention is crucial for combating antibiotic resistance. Continued monitoring through the FluTer registry is essential for optimizing influenza management and preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accomplishments and challenges in developing improved influenza vaccines: An evaluation of three years of progress toward the milestones of the influenza vaccines research and development roadmap","authors":"Julia T. Ostrowsky ,&nbsp;Natalie C. Vestin ,&nbsp;Angela J. Mehr ,&nbsp;Angela K. Ulrich ,&nbsp;Lauren Bigalke ,&nbsp;Joseph S. Bresee ,&nbsp;Martin H. Friede ,&nbsp;Bruce G. Gellin ,&nbsp;Keith P. Klugman ,&nbsp;Usman N. Nakakana ,&nbsp;Tian Yun Wang ,&nbsp;Charlotte L. Weller ,&nbsp;Michael T. Osterholm ,&nbsp;Eve M. Lackritz ,&nbsp;Kristine A. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza vaccines that provide more effective immunity to seasonal influenza as well as protection against a broad range of emerging influenza viruses with pandemic potential are needed to reduce the public-health burden of influenza and enhance pandemic preparedness. The Influenza Vaccines Research and Development (R&amp;D) Roadmap (IVR) was published in 2021 to serve as a strategic planning tool to advance influenza vaccine R&amp;D. Following IVR publication, a 3-year monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment (ME&amp;A) program was implemented to assess progress in meeting the milestones outlined in the IVR. As of mid-May 2025, 16 (17%) of the 93 milestones had been accomplished or partially accomplished, with the majority (67; 72%) in various stages of progress. Of the 35 milestones designated high-priority, five (14%) had been accomplished or partially accomplished, 29 (83%) are in progress, and no progress was identified for one (3%). Key accomplishments include: establishing longitudinal cohort studies to characterize immune responses to influenza virus infection and vaccination by age over time and by vaccine product; creating a comprehensive landscape of innovative influenza vaccine technologies in preclinical and clinical development; advancing next-generation and broadly protective influenza vaccine candidates into clinical trials; identifying relevant lessons learned from accelerated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development during the COVID-19 pandemic; and initiating development of a full value of improved influenza vaccine assessment (FVIVA) to inform investment and guide the eventual uptake of improved vaccines globally. Persistent challenges include clarifying immune mechanisms for generating durable and broadly protective immunity, enhancing understanding of immune imprinting and the role of mucosal immunity in preventing infection and transmission, identifying correlates of protection, and exploring regulatory options for broadly protective influenza vaccine licensure. The IVR ME&amp;A program provides a basis for ongoing critical review of progress in influenza vaccine R&amp;D to inform decision-making on research priorities and funding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a retrospective population-based cohort of people living with and without HIV in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Cassandra Freitas ,&nbsp;Curtis L. Cooper ,&nbsp;Abigail E. Kroch ,&nbsp;Rahim Moineddin ,&nbsp;Gordon Arbess ,&nbsp;Anita C. Benoit ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Buchan ,&nbsp;Catharine Chambers ,&nbsp;Muluba Habanyama ,&nbsp;Claire E. Kendall ,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Kwong ,&nbsp;Lawrence Mbuagbaw ,&nbsp;John McCullagh ,&nbsp;Nasheed Moqueet ,&nbsp;Devan Nambiar ,&nbsp;Sergio Rueda ,&nbsp;Vanessa Tran ,&nbsp;Sharon Walmsley ,&nbsp;Ann N. Burchell ,&nbsp;for the CHESS Study Team","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality and is important for those who may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including people living with HIV. Using a population-based approach, we examined COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people living with and without HIV in Ontario, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective population-based matched cohort study was conducted using provincial clinical and health administrative data from December 14, 2020 to August 31, 2022. Community-dwelling adults living with HIV aged ≥19 years were matched one-to-one with a person without a diagnosis of HIV based on age, sex, geography, and immigration status. To identify predictors of vaccine uptake, modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors accounting for geographical clustering was used. To estimate vaccine uptake comparing the HIV and non-HIV cohorts, conditional Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate crude and adjusted risk ratios with 95 % confidence intervals (CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 20,903 people living with HIV, most (85.4%) had received ≥2 COVID-19 vaccine doses, with 64.7% receiving a third dose and 24.3% receiving a fourth dose. Disparities in uptake of ≥3 doses by sex were observed (males vs females: 68.5% vs 50.9%). Predictors of receiving ≥3 doses among people living with HIV included older age, male sex, and receipt of a recent influenza vaccine. Men living with HIV were more likely to receive ≥3 doses compared with men living without HIV, whereas women living with HIV were less likely than women living without HIV to receive ≥3 doses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Uptake of the first two doses of COVID-19 vaccine was high among people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada, however, disparities in uptake of ≥3 doses remain, especially by sex. Continued monitoring of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is crucial to informing immunization programs, policies and guidelines for people living with HIV in Canada.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental reasons for non-receipt of influenza vaccination among children 6 months–17 years and changes over time, 2015–2024","authors":"Katherine E. Kahn ,&nbsp;Tammy A. Santibanez ,&nbsp;Anurag Jain ,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Carla L. Black","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Understanding parental reasons for not having their child receive an influenza vaccination and how reasons have changed over time can help immunization programs and providers tailor interventions to increase uptake of influenza vaccine among children. The objectives of this study were to estimate the percentage of children 6 months–17 years with a parent who reported selected reasons for non-receipt of influenza vaccination (or “non-vaccination”) during 2015–2024, assess whether there has been an increase or decrease in the reporting of each reason for non-vaccination, particularly pre versus post COVID-19 pandemic, and if reasons for non-vaccination differ by sociodemographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) parentally reported data for the 2015–16, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2022–23, and 2023–24 seasons were analyzed. Percentages of children not vaccinated against influenza whose parent reported each reason for non-vaccination, overall, by state, and by sociodemographic characteristics were calculated. Tests of association between sociodemographic characteristics and across seasons were conducted for each reason for non-vaccination using <em>t</em>-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most commonly reported reasons for non-receipt of influenza vaccination across all seasons studied were: belief their child is unlikely to get very sick from influenza, concern about side effects/safety, and belief influenza vaccines do not work very well (48.2 %, 43.3 %, and 37.0 %, respectively, in 2023–24). Parental reporting of thinking their child is unlikely to get very sick from influenza increased more than other reasons for non-vaccination since the COVID-19 pandemic. Across all seasons studied, very few reported access-related reasons. Reasons for non-vaccination varied by state and by demographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggests that concern about influenza has decreased since the COVID-19 pandemic. A strong provider recommendation for influenza vaccination, including information about the safety of the vaccine and seriousness of influenza, could help increase influenza vaccination coverage among children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}