Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Prioritizing interventions to address healthcare worker barriers to reporting adverse events following immunization in Ghana","authors":"Sharon Laryea ,&nbsp;Erin Blau ,&nbsp;Alexander Dodoo ,&nbsp;Evelyn Addo ,&nbsp;Bernice Owusu-Boakye ,&nbsp;Kwame Amponsa-Achiano ,&nbsp;Naziru Tanko Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abena Asamoa-Amoakohene ,&nbsp;Jane Gidudu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite increasing global efforts to enhance vaccine safety, there are still major gaps in the African subregion's capacity to adequately monitor and respond to vaccine concerns. In 2017 and 2019, two assessments were conducted in Ghana to identify barriers to adverse events following immunization (AEFI) reporting among healthcare workers (HCWs), which revealed multiple barriers and significant gaps in the reporting process, underscoring the need to evaluate approaches to enhance training and support for frontline HCWs. Building upon these assessment findings, in 2021 key immunization safety stakeholders in Ghana met to address the persistent barriers hindering effective reporting practices. Using a feasibility-impact matrix and other qualitative factors, structured discussions allowed stakeholders to identify four innovative strategies to improve AEFI reporting: AEFI reporting toolkit and job aid, HCW protection policy, and new hire training package. Design and implementation of these interventions will allow Ghana to address ongoing barriers to AEFI reporting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample size efficiency of restricting participation in tuberculosis vaccine trials to interferon-gamma release assay-positive participants","authors":"Frank Cobelens ,&nbsp;Puck T. Pelzer ,&nbsp;Gavin J. Churchyard ,&nbsp;Alberto Garcia-Basteiro ,&nbsp;Mark Hatherill ,&nbsp;Philip C. Hill ,&nbsp;Leonardo Martinez ,&nbsp;Richard G. White","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A common approach to reducing sample sizes for late-stage tuberculosis vaccine trials is to restrict enrolment to interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)-positive participants to maximize tuberculosis case accrual. The efficiency gain, if any, from this screening strategy is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We estimated the age specific IGRA positivity prevalence for transmission levels generally considered in tuberculosis vaccine trials (annual risk of tuberculosis infection [ARTI] 2–6 %) and calculated the expected tuberculosis incidence at each age by IGRA status, using a difference equation model. We modelled scenarios that assumed constant or increasing ARTI during adolescence and differing levels of partial protection afforded by previous <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infection. We then estimated sample size requirements for tuberculosis vaccine trials enrolling only IGRA-positive participants or participants without prior IGRA testing (‘Mixed’ trial). We assumed participants were 15–44 years at enrolment and followed-up for 3 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Estimated tuberculosis incidence was 4.7 times higher in IGRA-positive compared to IGRA-negative participants at age 15 years, but 0.9 times lower at age 44 years (assuming ARTI 4 %). This age-cohort effect was exacerbated when assuming partial protection and attenuated when assuming increasing ARTI during adolescence. In a model that included both these assumptions, the sample size required for a Mixed trial compared to that for an IGRA-positive participants-only trial was 124 % larger at 2 % ARTI, 36 % larger at 4 % ARTI but only 8 % larger at 6 % ARTI. Prioritizing enrolment of participants aged 15–29 years improved sample size efficiency for an IGRA-positive participants-only trial. These results were largely unaffected by our model assumptions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In late-stage tuberculosis vaccine trials among adults and adolescents, pre-enrolment screening by IGRA testing provides a large sample size efficiency when <em>M. tuberculosis</em> transmission levels are relatively low, but modest or no sample size benefits at high transmission levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 127301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria vaccine acceptance and associated factors in cameroon: A nationwide cross-sectional survey","authors":"Andreas Ateke Njoh MD, MSc, PhD(c) ,&nbsp;Jerome Nyhalah Dinga PhD ,&nbsp;Eugene Justine Kongnyuy MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tchokfe Shalom Ndoula MD, MPh ,&nbsp;Adidja Amani MD, MPh, PhD(c) ,&nbsp;Ibrahima Madaina MSc ,&nbsp;Muluh Ngwe Sonnet Ticha MD ,&nbsp;Messang Blandine Abizou MD ,&nbsp;Yauba Saidu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hassan Ben Bachir MD, MPh ,&nbsp;Laurent Cleenewerck de Kiev MES, MPH, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Malaria is a life-threatening mosquito-borne disease. This significant public health problem disproportionately affects people in Africa. Despite investments in existing vector control and curative treatments, malaria remains the first infant-child morbidity and mortality cause, with 11,000 annual deaths in Cameroon. However, there are effective vaccines against the disease. So, this study sought to evaluate vaccine acceptance and related factors to guide the vaccine rollout.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This nationwide cross-sectional survey collected data from December 2023 to January 2024 using an online and in-person questionnaire. The chi-square test identified the malaria vaccine acceptance elements, and multiple logistic regression depicted factors linked to vaccine acceptance. SPSS enabled analysis, and a <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Microsoft Excel 365 eased the elaboration of charts and tables.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Data from 2025 participants indicated a 91 % malaria vaccine acceptance. This rate varied from 78 % in the Littoral to 94 % in the Far North and South West regions. Factors that favor vaccine acceptance include a history of severe malaria (OR = 1.4, 95 %CI: 1.0–1.8, <em>p</em> = 0.03), awareness of the availability of the malaria vaccine for infants (OR = 1.4, 95 %CI: 1.0–2.0, <em>p</em> = 0.03), and working in the vaccination service (OR = 3.8, 95 %CI: 2.7–5.3, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Elements reported for vaccine hesitancy include fear of unsafe and negative rumors about the vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People in Cameroon are willing to get their children vaccinated against malaria. However, following regional acceptance disparities and identified hesitancy points, it is crucial to reinforce communication to address population groups, doubts, and rumors about vaccines to ensure optimal uptake in the country's regions during the malaria vaccine rollout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Averted mortality by COVID-19 vaccination in Belgium between 2021 and 2023","authors":"Veerle Stouten ,&nbsp;Izaak Van Evercooren ,&nbsp;Catharina Vernemmen ,&nbsp;Toon Braeye ,&nbsp;Lucy Catteau ,&nbsp;Mathieu Roelants ,&nbsp;Matthieu Billuart ,&nbsp;Thomas Lamot ,&nbsp;Natalia Bustos Sierra ,&nbsp;Naïma Hammami ,&nbsp;Elias Vermeiren ,&nbsp;Angel Rosas ,&nbsp;Koen Blot ,&nbsp;Anna I. Schmelz ,&nbsp;Léonore Nasiadka ,&nbsp;Serge Nganda ,&nbsp;Joris A.F. van Loenhout","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccination campaigns were rolled out primarily to limit the impact of COVID-19 on severe health outcomes, including mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We aimed to estimate the number of averted deaths by COVID-19 vaccination in the Belgian population aged 65 years and older, between January 2021 and January 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nationwide data on COVID-19 infections, vaccine administrations and all-cause mortality were individually linked. We estimated Vaccine Effectiveness against COVID-19 mortality (VE) among persons having received a vaccine dose in the last 6 months, using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, time since vaccination, previous infection, underlying health conditions, province and income. COVID-19 death was defined as a person with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who died within a specified interval. Based on obtained VE estimates, vaccine coverage and national COVID-19 mortality data, we estimated the number of averted deaths.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We estimated VE (confidence interval (CI)) at 0–59 days after vaccination, for 65–79 year and ≥ 80 year-olds respectively, at 81.9 % (CI 78.1 %–85.1 %) and 74.7 % (CI 71.2 %–77.7 %) during Alpha, at 90.5 % (CI 88.8 %–91.9 %) and 91.4 % (CI 90.4 %–92.4 %) during Delta and at 84.0 % (CI 81.8 %–85.9 %) and 74.5 % (CI 72.4 %–76.5 %) during Omicron period. Among the Belgian population aged 65 years and older, we estimated 12,806 deaths averted (CI 11,633-13,982), representing a 54 % reduction (CI 51 %–56 %) in the expected deaths (without vaccination). During the Delta period COVID-19 deaths were reduced by 68 %, during Omicron by 54 % and during Alpha by 31 %.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Vaccinating against COVID-19 reduced deaths by 54 % among the Belgian population aged 65 years and older, underscoring the importance of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination and utility of booster dose: A community-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Geeta Yadav ,&nbsp;Himanshu Dandu ,&nbsp;Hardeep Singh Malhotra ,&nbsp;Amita Jain ,&nbsp;Shruti Radera ,&nbsp;Vikasendu Agrawal ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash ,&nbsp;Shailendra Yadav ,&nbsp;Neeraj Kumar ,&nbsp;John Anthony ,&nbsp;Anuj Tripathi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2023, the WHO declared the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, cautioning that the virus will continue to mutate and may cause sporadic outbreaks. Vaccination was critical in controlling the pandemic, though concerns persist about long-term immunity and the need for booster doses. The study aimed to assess whether vaccination enhances immunity beyond natural infection and determine the ongoing need for booster doses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted across ten districts in Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated individuals (ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccine &amp; BBV152) or those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Six hundred forty-three participants were assessed for cellular immunity and 7000 for humoral immunity. Anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and various subsets of memory T-cells were analyzed via flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed that vaccination significantly elevated antibody titers compared to natural infection (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with the most significant increase observed after the second dose (p &lt; 0.001). While subsequent doses raised antibody levels, the increase between the second and third doses was modest. T-cell responses, particularly memory subsets such as effector memory (<em>p</em> = 0.009), central memory (<em>p</em> = 0.003), and stem cell memory (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), showed significant enhancement after the second dose but plateaued following the third dose, suggesting further doses may not be beneficial.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While vaccination effectively increases antibody levels and reduces hospitalizations and severe outcomes, additional booster doses may offer limited benefits for the general population, as there appears to be a ceiling effect in both humoral and cellular immunity after the second dose. Given the potential adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination, the decision to administer multiple booster doses to specific population groups must be based on further studies that directly address this issue, along with a thorough risk-benefit analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune persistence after 5 years of vaccination by Vi-DT vaccine among children below 2 years: Result from long-term observational study","authors":"Rejwana Haque Pial ,&nbsp;Maria Rosario Capeding ,&nbsp;Katerina Rok Song ,&nbsp;Eun Lyeong Park ,&nbsp;Il-Yeon Park ,&nbsp;Jae Seung Yang ,&nbsp;Seongsu Kim ,&nbsp;Eun Young Lee ,&nbsp;Jagadeesh Reddy Eluru ,&nbsp;Soo-Young Kwon ,&nbsp;Sue Kyoung Jo ,&nbsp;Ji Hwa Ryu ,&nbsp;Ho Keun Park ,&nbsp;Jong Hoon Shin ,&nbsp;Seon-Young Yang ,&nbsp;Deok Ryun Kim ,&nbsp;Manki Song ,&nbsp;T. Anh Wartel ,&nbsp;Hee Soo Kim ,&nbsp;Tarun Saluja ,&nbsp;Sushant Sahastrabuddhe","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typhoid fever remains a major public health threat to Low- and Middle-Income (LMIC) countries. The typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) is a promising vaccine platform to avert the disease as they elicit sufficient immune response in both adults and children. However, data on long-lasting immune response among children below 2 years are very limited. In this article we present the data collected from healthy Filipino children who were administered with Vi-DT vaccine.</div><div>In this long-term follow-up study, we included children who had been vaccinated with Vi-DT vaccine and received a booster dose either in the short-term (24 weeks) or in the long-term (96 or 110 weeks). 285 participants divided into three cohort stratum, age strata 1 (6 months to less than 9 months), age strata 2 (9 months to 12 months), and age strata 3 (13 months to 23 months) from the phase II clinical trial were tracked and enrolled in the observational study. Blood samples were collected at 3rd, 4th and 5th year after the vaccination and compared descriptively against the comparator. We assessed the long-term immunogenicity using anti-Vi IgG and serum bactericidal antibody (SBA).</div><div>Between 24 August 2021 to 28 July 2023, 268 healthy Filipino children were enrolled in the study who received at least one dose of Vi-DT or comparator vaccine from the Phase II clinical trial. Anti-Vi IgG seroconversion were higher in Vi-DT vaccine compared to the comparator, calculating 92.79 % (95 % CI: 88.44, 95.58), 88.68 % (83.71, 92.27), and 86.38 % (81.13,90.35) in the Vi-DT group, and 26.92 % (16.77, 40.25), 29.09 % (18.77, 42.14), and 25.45 % (15.81,38.30) in comparator group at 3rd, 4th and 5th year respectively. The seroconversion is higher in the Vi-DT long-term booster group than in short-term booster group in all age strata except age strata 3 at 5th year which is 83.78 % (68.86,92.35) and 88.89 % (74.69, 95.59) in Vi-DT long-term booster and short-term booster group, respectively. The SBA GMT response was observed to be higher in the Vi-DT vaccine group in all age strata compared to the comparator vaccine, calculating 932.06 (694.14, 1251.53), 958.61 (721.84, 1273.05) and 724.38 (537.89, 975.55) in the Vi-DT vaccine group and 657.63 (367.43, 1177.03), 796.27 (454.92, 1393.76), and 611.83 (338.10, 1107,18) in comparator group at 3rd year, 4th year and 5th year respectively.</div><div>When administered as a long-term booster dose 2 years after the primary single-dose, the Vi-DT vaccine is capable of eliciting a sustained immune response for at least 5 years following vaccination. The result in this study will support the inclusion of Vi-DT vaccine in the routine immunization program in the endemic and semi-endemic areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National trends and disparities in herpes zoster vaccination coverage among U.S. older adults with cancer, 2008–2023","authors":"Chun-Tse Hung ,&nbsp;Li-Min Wang ,&nbsp;Ding-Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immunocompromised conditions, including cancer, increase the risk of herpes zoster, a vaccine-preventable disease. However, evidence on vaccine uptake among patients with cancer is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to (1) evaluate trends in herpes zoster vaccination and (2) identify factors associated with vaccination among U.S. older adults with cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from the 2008–2023 U.S. National Health Interview Survey. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess vaccination trends. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with herpes zoster vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 14,809 participants with cancer were included, representing approximately 5.6 million U.S. older adults with cancer. From 2008 to 2023, herpes zoster vaccination rates increased significantly among those with cancer (average annual percent change [AAPC] = 13.64; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and without cancer (AAPC = 14.20; P &lt; 0.01), with consistently higher rates in the cancer group (P &lt; 0.01). This upward trend persisted across all age groups for those with cancer. Disparities in vaccination were observed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, educational level, health insurance, income, flu vaccination, number of comorbidities, number of cancers, and years since cancer diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Herpes zoster vaccination rates have surged among U.S. older adults with cancer over the past 16 years. However, significant disparities remain. Targeted interventions and supportive policies are critical to achieving equitable vaccine coverage in this at-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study","authors":"Sharifa Nasreen ,&nbsp;Yannan Jiang ,&nbsp;Han Lu ,&nbsp;Arier Lee ,&nbsp;Clare L. Cutland ,&nbsp;Angela Gentile ,&nbsp;Norberto Giglio ,&nbsp;Kristine Macartney ,&nbsp;Lucy Deng ,&nbsp;Bette Liu ,&nbsp;Nicole Sonneveld ,&nbsp;Karen Bellamy ,&nbsp;Hazel J. Clothier ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Sepulveda Kattan ,&nbsp;Monika Naus ,&nbsp;Zaeema Naveed ,&nbsp;Naveed Z. Janjua ,&nbsp;Lena Nguyen ,&nbsp;Anders Hviid ,&nbsp;Eero Poukka ,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Kwong","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and certain COVID-19 vaccines is inconclusive. We investigated the risk of GBS after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a common protocol, we conducted a self-controlled case series study from 1 December 2020 to 9 August 2023 at 20 global sites within the Global Vaccine Data Network™ (GVDN®). Brighton Collaboration case definition criteria were used to determine the level of certainty (LOC) of medical record-reviewed GBS cases at 15 sites. GBS cases following SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified from electronic data sources (EDS) from 11 sites. We estimated the relative incidence (RI) of GBS within 1–42 days following receipt of adenoviral vector, mRNA, or inactivated COVID-19 vaccines or SARS-CoV-2 infection using conditional Poisson regression models, controlling for seasonality. We used random effects meta-analysis to pool the estimates across sites.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 410 medical record-reviewed post-vaccination GBS cases (out of 2086 EDS-identified cases), 49 were LOC 1 or 2, 187 were LOC 3 or 4, and 174 were LOC 5. These cases received a total of 794 doses of COVID-19 vaccines (160 [20 %] adenoviral vector vaccine doses, 556 [70 %] mRNA vaccine doses, 77 [10 %] inactivated vaccine doses, and 1 [0.1 %] protein-based vaccine dose) during the observation period. We observed an increased risk of confirmed (LOC 1–2) GBS after receiving ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria/Covishield) (RI = 3.10; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.12–8.62). Decreased risks of LOC 1–4 GBS were observed after receiving BNT162b2 (Comirnaty/Tozinameran) (RI = 0.48; 95 %CI, 0.27–0.85) and CoronaVac/Sinovac (RI = 0.04; 95 %CI, 0.00–0.61). For 489 EDS-identified GBS cases after SARS-CoV-2 infection, we found GBS risk to be increased (RI = 3.35; 95 %CI, 1.83–6.11).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this large multinational study, we found increased risks of GBS within 42 days after Vaxzevria/Covishield vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection, and decreased risks after receiving Comirnaty/Tozinameran or CoronaVac/Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered germinal center responses in mice vaccinated with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus","authors":"Patrick Seiler ,&nbsp;Bryan S. Kaplan ,&nbsp;David C. Brice ,&nbsp;Susu Duan ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Maureen A. McGargill ,&nbsp;Natalie Lee ,&nbsp;Chun-Yang Lin ,&nbsp;Rachael Keating ,&nbsp;Elena A. Govorkova ,&nbsp;Richard J. Webby","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus vaccines typically yield lower neutralizing antibody titers in animals than influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines derived from other viral subtypes. To understand these differences, we compared the cellular immune responses in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of mice vaccinated with an inactivated whole H5N1 vaccine to those in mice vaccinated with seasonal H1N1pdm09, H7N9, or H9N2 IAV vaccines. H5N1-vaccinated mice exhibited reduced serum neutralizing antibody titers, despite the hemagglutinin-binding immunoglobulin production being similar to that with other IAV vaccines. Although bulk RNA sequencing showed no differences in B-cell populations after H5N1 and H1N1pdm09 vaccination, H5N1 vaccination resulted in fewer, but larger, dLN germinal centers and significantly more extrafollicular B cells, which are known to produce lower neutralizing antibody titers. Furthermore, H5N1-vaccinated mice had significantly more follicular helper and regulatory T cells. Therefore, differences in neutralizing antibody production in mice after IAV vaccination correlate with subtype-dependent germinal center reactions in the dLNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-administration of vaccines in pregnancy: unique challenges and knowledge gaps","authors":"Bahaa Abu-Raya ,&nbsp;Michelle L. Giles ,&nbsp;Tobias Kollmann","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccination in pregnancy directly protects the mother and can prevent serious infections in early life. There are an increasing number of vaccines that are recommended during pregnancy and deployed in a growing number of countries. However, most recommendations for administration of these vaccines in pregnancy are based on studies that investigate one vaccine at a time. Largely lacking are data on the impact of co-administration including spacing and timing of the multiple vaccines during pregnancy on safety, efficacy and immunogenicity. We here place what is known into the context co-administration of vaccines with focus on the mother as well as the infant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 127309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}