Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Impact of 10-year measles, mumps and rubella booster vaccination program among healthcare personnel: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Liang-En Hwang ,&nbsp;Kuan-Yin Lin ,&nbsp;Ping-Huei Tseng ,&nbsp;Shu-Yuan Ho ,&nbsp;Chun-Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Shao-Yi Cheng ,&nbsp;Ming-Ju Hsieh ,&nbsp;Yu-Tsung Huang ,&nbsp;Shu-Fen Chien ,&nbsp;Chi-Hsuan Su ,&nbsp;Sung-Ching Pan ,&nbsp;Han-Mo Chiu ,&nbsp;Yee-Chun Chen ,&nbsp;Shan-Chwen Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The study aimed to assess the effects of a single-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) booster vaccination, without prior testing, on MMR immunity and infection among vulnerable healthcare personnel (HCP) 10 years after implementation in a highly vaccinated population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study to assess the MMR seroprevalence in HCP and health examinees enrolled from December 2021 through April 2023. Since 2013, the hospital has provided a single-dose MMR booster vaccine to HCP working in high-risk units and those born in or after 1981 (≤41 years of age). HCP who met the Taiwan CDC's operational criteria for measles immunity were exempted. MMR-specific IgG antibodies were measured, and detailed vaccination histories were obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 732 participants were enrolled, including 528 HCP and 204 health examinees. The median age was 43 years, and 74.6 % were female. The overall seroprevalence rates of measles, mumps, and rubella were 89.8 %, 91.0 % and 88.0 %, respectively. The measles seroprevalence rate was lowest among participants aged 31–40 years (80.4 % in HCP and 82.4 % in health examinees). In multivariable analysis, age was associated with measles seropositivity (per 1-year increase, aOR, 1.08; 95 % CI 1.04–1.12). Receiving MMR booster vaccination in adulthood was associated with seropositivity for measles (aOR, 2.77; 95 % CI, 1.46–5.24) and mumps (aOR, 2.39; 95 % CI, 1.23–4.65). No cases of measles acquisition or intra-hospital spread were identified among HCP during the past 10 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An MMR booster vaccination program is feasible and effective in maintaining high seropositivity rates for MMR, particularly among HCP at risk of waning immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of African horse sickness disabled infectious single animal (DISA)-DIVA vaccine platform applied for all nine serotypes","authors":"Piet A. van Rijn ,&nbsp;Ulrich Wernery ,&nbsp;Arno-Jan Feddema ,&nbsp;Mieke A. Maris-Veldhuis ,&nbsp;Sunitha Joseph ,&nbsp;René G.P. van Gennip","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African Horse Sickness (AHS) is a devastating vector-borne viral disease of equids with a mortality up to 95 % in naïve domestic horses. The causative African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a distinct species of the genus <em>Orbivirus</em> of the family <em>Sedoreoviridae</em>, consisting of nine serotypes showing limited cross protection. AHSV is transmitted by <em>Culicoides</em> biting midges. Outbreaks cause huge economic losses in developing African countries. AHS has become a serious threat for countries outside Africa, since endemic <em>Culicoides</em> species in moderate climates appear competent vectors of the closely related prototype orbivirus, bluetongue virus. In the developed world, AHS outbreaks will result in losses in the equestrian industry and will have an enormous emotional impact on owners of leisure horses. Live-attenuated vaccine viruses (LAVs) are unsafe and differential detection of infected equids in LAV-vaccinated populations is not possible. Reverse genetics has paved the way to develop improved AHS vaccines, particularly with regard to vaccine safety and the DIVA principle (DIVA = Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated). Here, we developed an AHS Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA)-DIVA vaccine platform based on a dispensable deletion in genome segment 10 completely abolishing its virulence. The vaccine platform was applied for all nine AHSV serotypes by exchange of genome segments 2 and 6 encoding serotype specific immunodominant outer shell proteins. These nine promising AHS DISA-DIVA vaccines, named shortly DISA1 to DISA9 after their serotype, were extensively checked by several <em>in vitro</em> methods. The accompanying DIVA PCR-test targeting the deleted region in genome segment 10 was developed and validated. Based on previous research on virulent AHSV, DISA1 to DISA9 are not virulent, are not transmittable by midges, can be distinguished from wildtype AHSV, and are now ready for vaccination-challenge experiments in the equine target host to study efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intussusception risk after rotavirus vaccination in Korean infants","authors":"Haerin Cho ,&nbsp;Na-Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Hee-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Hui-Eon Lee ,&nbsp;Hyuna Bae ,&nbsp;Hyungmin Lee ,&nbsp;Nam-Kyong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>An increased risk of intussusception after Rotavirus vaccination has been reported, with varying levels of risk associated with Rotarix and RotaTeq. This study evaluates the risk of intussusception following Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccination in Korean infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a self-controlled case series study using vaccination registry from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the National Health Insurance Service claims data. This study included infants aged less than one year who received at least one dose of Rotarix or RotaTeq within 8 months of birth between June 1, 2016, and December 31, 2022. An intussusception event was defined as the first hospitalization for intussusception. We defined the risk intervals as 1–7 days, 8–21 days, and 1–21 days post-vaccination and the observation period as from birth to one year. Conditional Poisson regression model was used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) with adjustments for age effects by the monthly interval. The attributable risk was calculated using aIRR estimates and the estimated number of vaccine doses administered to the infants. Pseudo-likelihood methods accounted for the potential contraindication to vaccination after intussusception.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 786,977 infants receiving Rotarix, 764 intussusception cases occurred, while 751 cases were identified among 800,232 infants who received RotaTeq. For Rotarix, the IRR during the 1–7 day risk intervals after the first dose was 3.15 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.54–6.44) with an attributable risk of 2.17 (95 % CI 1.11–2.68) per 100,000 doses and an absolute risk of 3.18 per 100,000 doses. No significant increase in intussusception risk was observed for RotaTeq across all risk intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The risk of intussusception increased within 7 days after the first dose of Rotarix vaccination, while no significant evidence of an increased risk was observed after RotaTeq vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between maternal influenza vaccination and childhood vaccination among participants of the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort","authors":"Ana Lucia Sartori ,&nbsp;Romina Buffarini ,&nbsp;Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ,&nbsp;Mariângela Freitas da Silveira","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Influenza immunization during pregnancy is crucial to safeguarding maternal and fetal health, and is an established routine antenatal care practice. We aimed to identify the association of antenatal maternal influenza vaccination with childhood vaccination status at age 1 year and at 6–7 years of age in Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective cohort study using data from mothers and children in the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Outcomes of interest included basic vaccination coverage at 1 year of age and DTP-poliovirus and influenza vaccination at 6–7 years of age. Influenza vaccination of women during pregnancy was the exposure variable. Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between maternal and child vaccination; prevalence ratios were obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the children included in the study, 77.2 % of them completed their routine vaccination schedules for the first year of life; at age 6–7 years, 59.9 % had complete DTP-poliovirus coverage and 40.7 % had received the influenza vaccine. Children whose mothers received the seasonal influenza vaccine during pregnancy were more likely to receive their basic first-year vaccines and the DTP-poliovirus and influenza vaccines at age 6–7 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Antenatal maternal influenza vaccination was associated with subsequent child vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of different HPV vaccination strategies for cervical cancer prevention in South Africa","authors":"Cari van Schalkwyk ,&nbsp;Gesine Meyer-Rath ,&nbsp;Sithabiso Masuku ,&nbsp;Lise Jamieson ,&nbsp;Paul Bloem ,&nbsp;Ajay Rangaraj ,&nbsp;Thato Chidarikire ,&nbsp;Sithembile Dlamini-Nqeteko ,&nbsp;Meg Doherty ,&nbsp;Leigh F. Johnson ,&nbsp;Shona Dalal","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most cervical cancers can be prevented by population-wide vaccination of pre-adolescent girls with highly efficacious HPV vaccines. In South Africa, first-dose coverage of bivalent HPV vaccination among girls aged 10 is ∼80 %. We investigated the additional impact and cost-effectiveness of different bivalent and nonavalent vaccination strategies among the general population and women with HIV (WHIV).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used an individual-based, population-level model for HPV and HIV transmission in South Africa to estimate the epidemiological impact of HPV vaccination. The costs of interventions in the cervical cancer care cascade are estimated in 2024 USD based on resource use and prices obtained from research studies. To estimate cost-effectiveness of different bivalent strategies, we calculated the median cost per disability adjusted life-year averted (DALY) between 2024 and 2120 and compared it to an opportunity cost (OC) threshold of USD 3015. We calculated a threshold price at which nonavalent vaccination will be cost-effective in South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Current interventions are projected to reduce age-standardised cervical cancer incidence from 54 to 12 per 100,000 women by 2120. Increasing girl-only bivalent coverage to 90 % would prevent an additional 5 % of cases and be cost-saving. Gender-neutral vaccination at 80 % coverage would yield similar impact, with a USD/DALY averted of USD 2782 compared to girls-only vaccination. Vaccinating WHIV up to age 45 could prevent 10 % of cervical cancer cases in this group and remains cost-effective. The nonavalent vaccine would be cost-effective if priced below USD 40 per dose.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Enhanced HPV vaccination strategies—including higher coverage, gender-neutral programs, and targeted vaccination of WHIV—are cost-effective in South Africa. However, no vaccination strategy alone will reach elimination, which will require integrated approaches combining vaccination with cervical cancer screening and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The IFPMA IVS seasonal influenza vaccine dose distribution survey 2022–2023: evidence of the need for committed national investment in and uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination","authors":"Bram Palache ,&nbsp;Hisham Fyyaz ,&nbsp;Diane Thomson ,&nbsp;Beverly Taylor ,&nbsp;Erin Copping ,&nbsp;Paula Barbosa ,&nbsp;on behalf of the IFPMA Influenza Vaccine Supply (IFPMA IVS) task force","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal influenza vaccines have the potential to prevent significant morbidity and mortality and the World Health Organization recommends that all countries consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programmes. These provide invaluable supports to pandemic response, whether through the utilization of influenza epidemiological surveillance systems such as the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) or RespiMart, by imparting countries with ability to scale up vaccination in response to pandemics, and by contributing to the global production capacity for vaccines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, countries with higher influenza vaccination coverage also achieved higher COVID-19 vaccination coverage. But vaccine hesitancy and complacency are preventing optimal benefits from seasonal influenza vaccination. In 2008, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations' (IFPMA) Influenza Vaccine Supply International Task Force (IVS) developed a survey method to estimate vaccination coverage rates. The present survey, for 2022 and 2023, highlights that the vast improvements in seasonal influenza vaccination coverage rates achieved during 2020 and 2021 are regrettably not being sustained. Twenty-seven fewer countries in 2022 and 29 fewer countries in 2023 distributed any doses of seasonal influenza than in the peak year for number of countries, 2011. In 2023 there were 17 % fewer vaccine doses distributed globally than in the peak year, 2020. Only 33 of 195 countries achieved the hurdle rate in 2023, defined as number of doses distributed to ≥15.9 % of the population. Governments can strengthen performance of their seasonal influenza vaccination programs with a few key actions. Because immunization returns up to 19 times the cost in societal value, it is critical for governments to identify and implement appropriate countermeasures to vaccine hesitancy and complacency including vaccine advocacy, communications, and communication training for Healthcare Workers. Governments' challenge is to sustain resolve beyond the public health emergency of COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective mRNA-based therapy using E7 antigen and IL-12 cytokine in head and neck cancer mice models","authors":"Seonghyun Lee ,&nbsp;Jisun Lee ,&nbsp;Yu-Sun Lee ,&nbsp;Sowon Lee ,&nbsp;Subin Yoon ,&nbsp;Gahyun Roh ,&nbsp;Youngran Cho ,&nbsp;Soo-Yeon Lee ,&nbsp;Dahyeon Ha ,&nbsp;Ayoung Oh ,&nbsp;Eun-Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Yeeun Lee ,&nbsp;Seo-Hyeon Bae ,&nbsp;Seongje Cho ,&nbsp;Huijeong Choi ,&nbsp;Sohee Jo ,&nbsp;Jungmin Kim ,&nbsp;Ayeon Kim ,&nbsp;Hyo-Jung Park ,&nbsp;Jae-Hwan Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) has increased over the past several years. The mEER murine model mimicking HNC showed relatively low efficacy following E6 and E7 immunotherapy. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of mRNA vaccines encoding HPV 16 E7, Interleukin-12 (IL-12), and Granulocyte-Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in mEER tumor-bearing mice. C57BL/6 mice were injected with cultured mEER cells and immunized with mRNA-LNPs encoding HPV16 E7, GM-CSF, and IL-12. Tumor growth was monitored, and immune responses were analyzed using flow cytometry and Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assays. When immunized with both <em>E7</em> and IL-12 mRNA, the tumor size dramatically decreased regardless of tumor size, while the expression of MHC1 on tumor cells increased significantly. No tumors developed upon mEER cell re-implantation. Local expression of IL-12 via mRNA delivery revealed no evidence of toxicity or reduced T-cell exhaustion markers. Furthermore, mIL-12 immunization with mE7 induces E7-specific memory T cells in lung tissues, suggesting a defense against potential metastasis and recurrence. Immunization with <em>E7</em> and IL-12 mRNA is a highly effective treatment option for patients with HPV–positive HNC and is potentially applicable to other cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing dynamic transcriptomic and immune cell signatures underlying heterogeneous responses to influenza vaccination","authors":"Shirong Hui ,&nbsp;Ran He ,&nbsp;Haochang Li,&nbsp;Yihao Li,&nbsp;Yuan Lu,&nbsp;Hang Zhou,&nbsp;Rongbin Yu,&nbsp;Peng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Seasonal influenza can cause variable respiratory infections and severe complications, and vaccination remains essential for infection control. Nevertheless, substantial inter-individual variability in vaccine immune responses persists, and the molecular determinants remain poorly defined. This study aimed to elucidate the temporal gene expression patterns and immune cell dynamics associated with vaccine response through longitudinal transcriptomic and immune cell data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized gene expression, immune cell composition, and immune response data from Immune Signatures Data Resource (IS2). Differential expression and time-series analyses identified key transcriptional features and dynamic patterns linked to vaccine response. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed gene modules associated with vaccine response and elucidating their pathway enrichment characteristics. Finally, the linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the temporal trends of 12 immune cell subsets across response groups, while generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were employed to assess associations between differential expression genes and immune cell.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall analysis revealed the most differential expression genes at day 1 post-vaccination and time-series analysis identified 15 genes with significant dynamic changes. Notably, interferon-stimulated genes <em>GBP1</em> and <em>GBP2</em> exhibited transient upregulation in high responders, showing significant positive correlation with antibody titer increases. WGCNA analysis identified 3 immune response-associated modules that were primarily enriched in immune regulation and cell signaling pathways. Immune cell analysis revealed a distinct biphasic pattern of Naive B cells in the high responders. Furthermore, <em>JAG2</em> was found to be associated with multiple immune cell populations. These findings reveal a complex regulatory network underlying influenza vaccine response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study highlights the importance of early gene expression and dynamic immune cell changes following influenza vaccination in shaping the immune response. The identification of transiently regulated genes alongside specific immune cell dynamics suggests they may serve as key determinants of vaccine response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between state vaccination exemption policies and MMR vaccination trends in the U.S.","authors":"Samee Saiyed ,&nbsp;Ensheng Dong ,&nbsp;Lauren M. Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FliC adjuvant augments protective efficacy of recombinant T2544 antigen against Salmonella Typhiand Paratyphi A by increasing serum antibodies, intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A and T cell memory","authors":"Suparna Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Pujarini Dutta ,&nbsp;Ananda Pal ,&nbsp;Swarnali Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Sneha Mitra ,&nbsp;Shin-Ichi Miyoshi ,&nbsp;Santasabuj Das","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The need for safe, effective, and affordable vaccines against <em>Salmonella Typhi</em> and Paratyphi A remains urgent, particularly in endemic regions of Asia and Africa. Contrary to earlier beliefs, parenteral vaccines can induce mucosal immunity, especially when combined with mucosal trafficking signals. Recent findings show that systemic delivery of soluble flagellin (FliC) activates CD103⁺ dendritic cells via TLR5, promoting mucosal IgA and regulatory T cell responses. Building on this, we evaluated recombinant FliC (rFliC) from <em>S.</em> T<em>yphimurium</em> as an adjuvant to enhance both systemic and mucosal immunity of rT2544, a subunit vaccine candidate.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Female BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with varying doses of rT2544 and rFliC to identify an optimal formulation. The selected dose (5 μg rT2544 + 2.5 μg rFliC) was tested for humoral and cellular responses, including serum IgG/IgA titers, antibody-secreting cells, cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17), and CTL activity. Protective efficacy was evaluated in an iron-overload mouse model challenged with <em>S.</em> Typhiand <em>S.</em> P<em>aratyphi A</em>, by assessing survival and bacterial loads in the intestine, liver, and spleen.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Co-administration of rFliC with rT2544 enhanced systemic IgG and intestinal IgA responses, with increased ASCs and strong bactericidal activity against <em>S.</em> Typhiand <em>S.</em> P<em>aratyphi A</em>. The vaccine induced robust Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines, and improved CTL activity. Immunized mice showed 83 % and 91 % survival against <em>S.</em> Typhiand <em>S.</em> P<em>aratyphi A</em>, respectively, with significantly reduced bacterial loads in the intestine, liver, and spleen. Importantly, subcutaneous rFliC delivery effectively induced intestinal sIgA, eliminating the need for mucosal administration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Subcutaneous co-administration of rFliC induced strong antigen-specific mucosal sIgA, overcoming limitations of conventional mucosal adjuvants. The rFliC-adjuvanted rT2544 elicited robust humoral, mucosal, and cellular responses, providing significant protection against <em>S.</em> Typhiand <em>S.</em> P<em>aratyphi A</em>. These findings support its potential as a promising injectable subunit vaccine for enteric fever.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}