Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"HTS-based control of Salmonella Enteritidis vaccines for chickens – pilot study","authors":"Katarzyna Pasik ,&nbsp;Ewelina Iwan ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Bomba ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Domańska - Blicharz","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> vaccines constitute the largest group of antibacterial immunological veterinary medicinal products (IVMPs) introduced to the EU market by the Polish Official Medicines Control Laboratory (OMCL). This is especially relevant, as Poland is the EU's leading producer of poultry meat. The General European OMCL Network is coordinated by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines &amp; HealthCare (EDQM). Despite strict control of IVMPs, genomic aspect has not yet been controlled in veterinary pharmacy. The aim of the project was to assess the usefulness of High-throughput sequencing (HTS) for the genetic control of vaccines. The research was conducted on the most commonly marketed serovar in Poland – <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subspecies <em>enterica</em> serovar Enteritidis (SE). Live attenuated <em>Salmonella</em> vaccines for chickens were tested - three batches of different vaccines (coded B-01, B-05, B-07). Several publicly available genomic tools were applied for comprehensive characterization of vaccines. Generated sequences confirmed that the main genetic component of each vaccine was <em>S. enteritidis</em> without significant contaminants and with stability across batches. Comparative analysis showed that B-05 and B-07 IVMPs were genetically almost identical, while B-01 was quite distant. No major antibiotic resistance genes or point mutations were detected. HTS confirmed presence of multiple virulence markers in all tested batches. Further data indicated presence of multireplicon plasmid IncF in B-05 and B-07, harbouring two virulence cassettes - <em>pef</em> (plasmid-encoded fimbriae) and <em>spv</em> (type III secretion system). The presented work is an interdisciplinary project linking quality control of IVMPs with advanced genomics. This study provides the first comprehensive genomic characterization of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> vaccine strains on the European market, confirming their safety, genetic stability, compliance with manufacturer declarations, and highlighting HTS as a valuable tool for vaccine quality assessment. As a supplement to phenotypic methods, HTS implementation requires coordination with manufacturers and EDQM before routine use in OMCLs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absenteeism related to respiratory infections among healthcare personnel in hospitals in Greece from 2020–2021 to 2024–2025","authors":"Helena C. Maltezou ,&nbsp;Theodoros V. Giannouchos ,&nbsp;Maria N. Gamaletsou ,&nbsp;Dimitra-Maria Koukou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Lemonakis ,&nbsp;Flora Sourri ,&nbsp;Emmanuela Peskelidou ,&nbsp;Evanthia Botsa ,&nbsp;Athanasia Lourida ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou ,&nbsp;Periklis Panagopoulos ,&nbsp;Nikolaos V. Sipsas","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To study absenteeism among healthcare personnel (HCP) in Greek hospitals from 2020–2021 to 2024–2025.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected prospectively. Multivariable regressions were applied to estimate associations between variables, duration and cause of absenteeism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We studied 5525 absenteeism episodes with 38,482 days missed (17.8 episodes per 100 HCP; mean duration of absence per episode: 7.0 days). Compared to other seasons, the 2021–2022 season had the highest number of absenteeism episodes per 100 HCP (28.7) and the longest mean weekly duration of absence per 100 HCP (10.6 days per week) (<em>p</em>-value &lt;0.001 for both). Causes of absenteeism were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (61.8%), asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (10.4%), exposure to COVID-19 (8.3%), and influenza (5.2%). The incidence of COVID-19-related absenteeism declined overtime, while influenza-related absenteeism increased gradually. Compared to unvaccinated HCP, fully and partially COVID-19 vaccinated HCP had 2.58 and 2.08 fewer days of absence, and lower odds of COVID-19-associated absenteeism [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.36; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.26–0.51 and aOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.33–0.67, respectively]. The full COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against absenteeism was 67.9% (95% CI: 64.0%–71.3%) and against COVID-19-related absenteeism was 55.8% (95% CI: 48.9%–61.8%). Influenza VE against influenza-related absenteeism was 44.8% (95% CI: 22.8%–60.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COVID-19 was the main driver of absenteeism among HCP, however a gradual shift to influenza-related absenteeism occurred overtime. COVID-19 vaccination conferred protection against any absenteeism and against COVID-19-related absenteeism. Influenza vaccination significantly protected against influenza-related absenteeism. HCP should remain up-to-date with COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations to confer protection which can further safeguard healthcare facilities from absenteeism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “A systematic review of the impact of vaccine reactogenicity on willingness to accept influenza vaccination in adults” [Vaccine 74 (2026) 128195]","authors":"Helen Lister ,&nbsp;Katherine Farquharson ,&nbsp;Holly Seale ,&nbsp;Louise E. Smith ,&nbsp;Tiziano Poletti ,&nbsp;Femy Amin ,&nbsp;G. James Rubin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine policy: a response and way forward","authors":"Gregory A. Poland ,&nbsp;Tamar Ratishvili ,&nbsp;Peter J. Pitts","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against radiologically confirmed pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease among young children in Mozambique","authors":"Betuel Sigaúque ,&nbsp;Leocádia Vilanculos ,&nbsp;Alberto Chaúque ,&nbsp;Benild Moiane ,&nbsp;Hélio Mucavele ,&nbsp;Sérgio Massora ,&nbsp;Sozinho Acácio ,&nbsp;Charfudin Sacoor ,&nbsp;Llorenç Quintó ,&nbsp;Benigna Matsinhe ,&nbsp;Fabiana Pimenta ,&nbsp;Cynthia G. Whitney ,&nbsp;Fernanda C. Lessa ,&nbsp;Maria da Glória Carvalho ,&nbsp;Jennifer R. Verani","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mozambique introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in 2013. We aimed to assess PCV10 effectiveness against radiologically confirmed pneumonia (RCP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among young children in southern Mozambique.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a case-control vaccine effectiveness (VE) study at 2 sites (Mavalane and Manhiça) from January 2014 to December 2016. Children age-eligible to have received PCV10 admitted with pneumonia underwent chest radiograph with standardized interpretation as per the World Health Organization and had nasopharyngeal swabs collected and cultured. IPD cases were recruited in Manhiça only, leveraging existing surveillance; IPD was defined as pneumococcus detected through blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid culture and/or PCR with serotyping by Quellung or PCR. We enrolled age-matched community controls (date of birth ±1 month for cases aged &lt;6 months and +/− 2 months for cases aged ≥6 months). VE was estimated using multivariate logistic regression with 0 doses as a comparator.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 812 enrolled RCP cases, 780 (96.1%) had matched controls. The median age of included cases was 11.6 months and 51.8% were male; 94.4% of cases and 97.0% of controls had ≥1 PCV10 dose. Adjusted VE against RCP was 23.5% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: −31.9, 55.6) for 2 doses and 47.2% for 3 doses (95%CI: 13.7, 67.7). Adjusted VE of ≥2 doses and exactly 3 doses was 36.8% (95CI%: −11.9, 64.3) and 41.6% (95CI%: −5.7, 67.7), respectively. Models for VE against RCP with PCV10-type carriage yielded negative point estimates with wide confidence intervals. Among 26 enrolled IPD cases, 24 (92.3%) had matched controls (including 8 PCV10-type cases); 91.7% of IPD cases and 100% of controls had ≥1 PCV10 dose. IPD VE models did not converge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PCV10 offers substantial protection against RCP in young children in a high burden setting, highlighting its importance for reducing child pneumonia globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and lot consistency of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Chinese children aged 2–5 years: A phase III study","authors":"Liwei Shi ,&nbsp;Jingjing Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Xuemei Yan ,&nbsp;Fang Shen ,&nbsp;Xin Lai ,&nbsp;Lin Yuan ,&nbsp;Yi Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have significantly reduced the global morbidity and mortality burdens of pneumococcal disease in children under five years of age, but supply constraints remain. We evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency of a tetanus toxoid–conjugated 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Chinese children aged 2–5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this randomized, Phase III study, 1800 healthy children aged 2–5 years were enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) to receive a single dose of one of three consecutive manufacturing lots of PCV13. Safety and reactogenicity were assessed up to 30 days post-vaccination, and serious adverse events (SAEs) up to 180 days. Immunogenicity was evaluated 30 days post-vaccination by measuring serotype-specific IgG concentrations using ELISA. The primary objective was to demonstrate lot-to-lot consistency based on predefined equivalence criteria for geometric mean concentration (GMC) ratios; seropositivity and safety outcomes were secondary endpoints.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prespecified primary objective was met: for all 13 vaccine serotypes, pairwise serotype-specific IgG geometric mean ratios (GMRs) between the three manufacturing lots fell within the predefined equivalence margins (0.5–2.0). By Day 30, seropositivity rates (IgG ≥0.35 μg/mL) were ≥ 99% for 12 serotypes and 85.6–88.3% for serotype 3. Solicited local and systemic reactions were predominantly mild or moderate in severity and occurred at similar frequencies across groups; rates of SAEs and unsolicited adverse events considered related to vaccination were low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This tetanus toxoid–conjugated PCV13 met prespecified criteria for lot-to-lot manufacturing consistency and showed favorable immunogenicity and safety profiles in children aged 2–5 years, supporting its licensed use in this age group. The vaccine may help strengthen the global supply of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, particularly in regions with unmet pediatric vaccination needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of ICD and SNOMED search strategies for adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: Analysis of hospital administrative data","authors":"Timothy Kenealy ,&nbsp;Nelson Aguirre-Duarte ,&nbsp;Richard H. Roxburgh ,&nbsp;Gordon Royle ,&nbsp;Bryan Mitchelson ,&nbsp;Joan Ingram ,&nbsp;Nicky Williams ,&nbsp;Helen Petousis-Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hospital discharge codes can be used to identify possible Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESI) following COVID-19 vaccinations.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We sought to estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) and level of certainty of ICD-10-AM and SNOMED coding for meeting Brighton Collaboration case definitions of AESIs in Aotearoa, New Zealand.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our expert panel identified 24 ICD-10-AM codes and 2 SNOMED codes expected to identify 9 AESIs. We sought codes likely to be specific rather than sensitive. Medical record reviews were conducted by an experienced coder, adjudicated by medical specialists, for the level of certainty that each case met the target case definition. Admissions coded to an explicit alternative diagnosis were classified as Not a Case.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our data covered over 3 million people. Reviews were conducted on 761 medical records, randomly selected from admissions principally in calendar years 2016 to 2019. We report the PPV of each code with respect to its level of certainty of meeting the case definition. Only Guillain-Barré had a single code specific to a single AESI. Several neurological conditions had overlapping codes, conditions and case definitions. PPVs for individual codes to meet case definitions ranged from 11% to 100%. Level of certainty of each code and PPV are specified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PPVs of codes for each AESI need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Many codes are arguably insufficiently ‘accurate’ to identify a target AESI. We did not assess PPVs for combinations of codes. Our method did not allow us to estimate the number of cases missed by the coding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the delivery costs and operational context of a single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine regimen administered to a multi-age cohort of adolescent girls in Ethiopia","authors":"Mercy Mvundura ,&nbsp;Rose Slavkovsky ,&nbsp;Belayneh Dagnew ,&nbsp;Alemayehu Hunduma ,&nbsp;Melkamu Ayalew ,&nbsp;Diriba Bedada","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The World Health Organization recently endorsed an alternative single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination regimen based on high-quality evidence of its comparable efficacy and duration of protection as multiple doses. Real-world evidence is lacking on the program cost implications and operational context associated with the new regimen. Our study aimed to evaluate the delivery costs and describe the program context of delivering a single-dose HPV vaccine regimen to a multi-age cohort (MAC) of 9–14 year-old girls, using data from Ethiopia's vaccination campaign conducted in late 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional retrospective study combining operations research and micro-costing methods. We collected primary data on program activities at 82 health facilities in four selected regions and at the associated subnational and national administrative levels. Operations data were tabulated as counts and frequencies to characterize the program context. Delivery costs including financial costs (monetary outlays) and economic costs (financial plus opportunity costs) were estimated. Costing was done from the health system perspective and reported in 2024 United States dollars (US$).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Staff from 90% of health facilities in our sample conducted HPV vaccination sessions at schools and 73% conducted outreach, with an average of 910 HPV vaccine doses delivered per facility. While most health facilities and administrative offices conducted additional program activities, their intensity differed by level of the health system. On average, opportunity costs were the larger share of delivery costs (79%) at health facilities, while at administrative levels it was financial costs (at least 52%). Delivery costs aggregated across all levels of the health system were $0.66 for financial costs and $1.67 for economic costs per dose or per adolescent girl receiving the single-dose regimen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A single-dose HPV vaccination regimen administered to a MAC resulted in low delivery costs and may be a way for HPV vaccination programs to reduce costs and enhance sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and economic benefits of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F (RSVpreF) maternal vaccine for prevention of RSV illness in infants: A cost-effectiveness analysis for Singapore","authors":"Karan Thakkar ,&nbsp;Rengina Kefalogianni ,&nbsp;Jessie Zhang ,&nbsp;Chee Fu Yung ,&nbsp;Shephali Tagore ,&nbsp;Pradip Dashraath ,&nbsp;Amy W. Law ,&nbsp;Diana Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in children. A novel bivalent RSV prefusion F protein subunit (RSVpreF) vaccine has recently been approved by the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) in Singapore. This study estimated the clinical and economic impact of a year-round RSVpreF maternal vaccination program on the prevention of RSV among infants in Singapore.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Markov cohort model was used to project clinical and economic outcomes of RSV from birth to one year of age for RSVpreF vaccine compared to no intervention. Analyses were conducted from the healthcare system perspective, with direct costs (2025 Singapore dollars [S$]) and outcomes discounted at 3% annually; scenario and sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of the model. Findings: Compared to no intervention, a year-round RSVpreF program with 80% coverage would prevent 308 hospitalizations and 1995 outpatient visits annually, averting S$2.15 million in direct medical costs and saving 29 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The RSVpreF vaccine would be cost-effective up to S$237.68/dose under a cost-effectiveness threshold of 1 x gross domestic product per capita (S$121,378) per QALY gained.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Year-round RSVpreF maternal vaccination would help reduce pressures on the healthcare system as well as reduce RSV's clinical and economic burden among infants in Singapore, and likely be a cost-effective program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and efficacy test of a live, attenuated Mycoplasma hyorhinis vaccine candidate strain","authors":"Eszter Zsófia Nagy ,&nbsp;Levente Szeredi ,&nbsp;Dorottya Földi ,&nbsp;Nikolett Belecz ,&nbsp;Áron Botond Kovács ,&nbsp;Kinga Mária Sulyok ,&nbsp;Dénes Grózner ,&nbsp;Enikő Wehmann ,&nbsp;Krisztián Bányai ,&nbsp;Szilvia Marton ,&nbsp;Miklós Tenk ,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Kreizinger ,&nbsp;Miklós Gyuranecz","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Mycoplasma</em> (<em>M</em>.) <em>hyorhinis</em> causes substantial economic losses in swine. Currently, prevention and treatment rely on minimizing risk factors and administering antibiotics, as no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. However, antibiotics often cannot fully eliminate the bacteria. The development of an effective vaccine could lead to a potentially long-term control method.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A temperature-sensitive <em>M. hyorhinis</em> strain was developed using 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis. The immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine candidate clone were evaluated in combination with an adjuvant. Three-week-old piglets were immunized with the candidate vaccine strain, and the vaccination site was monitored daily. At six weeks of age, the pigs were challenged intravenously on two subsequent days. Daily clinical examinations were conducted, with blood and nasal swabs collected weekly throughout the study for <em>M. hyorhinis</em> enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time PCR analysis, and isolation. Three weeks post-challenge, the animals were euthanized for gross and histopathological examinations. Body temperature was recorded daily, and body weight was measured upon arrival, and then at six and nine weeks of age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vaccination significantly reduced clinical signs (<em>p</em> = 0.03), as well as gross pathological (<em>p</em> = 0.01) and histopathological (<em>p</em> = 0.005) lesions compared with the positive control group. The vaccinated group exhibited an earlier and higher increase in <em>M. hyorhinis</em>-specific IgG antibody levels post-challenge than the positive control group. However, the vaccine candidate did not mitigate the impact of <em>M. hyorhinis</em> infection on the weight gain. After the challenge (days 21–42), both the vaccinated (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and the positive control (<em>p</em> = 0.003) groups exhibited reduced weight gain compared with the negative control group.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Overall, the attenuated <em>M. hyorhinis</em> strain, combined with the adjuvant, provided protection against <em>M. hyorhinis</em> infection. These results form a basis for the development of a novel vaccine candidate that offers effective prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}