Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccine coverage among children living with HIV, HIV-exposed uninfected, and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in the Western Cape, South Africa","authors":"Courteney Collins ,&nbsp;Lufuno Ratshisusu ,&nbsp;Lorato M. Modise ,&nbsp;Omphile E. Simani ,&nbsp;Selokela G. Selabe ,&nbsp;Rudzani Muloiwa ,&nbsp;Julie Copelyn ,&nbsp;Edina Amponsah-Dacosta","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited evidence on the burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children living with HIV (CLWH), HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children hinders progress towards eliminating hepatitis B.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used secondary data and archival sera (<em>N</em> = 671) from children &lt;13 years old attending health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage was assessed using vaccination records for doses 1 to 3 by 12 months of age. Timely uptake was defined as receipt of a dose from 4 days before to 28 days after the recommended age. Serological markers of infection and immunity were measured using Elecsys® test kits (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). Logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with incomplete and delayed vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coverage with all three doses by 12 months was 86.7 % (13/15), 80.9 % (263/325), and 77.0 % (57/74) for CLWH, HUU, and HEU, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased across all subgroups as the schedule progressed. The highest proportion of delayed uptake for the third dose was noted among CLWH at 23.1 % (3/13), followed by 21.6 % (58/269) among HUU and 15.3 % (9/59) among HEU children (<em>p</em> = 0.540). Median delay for dose 3 was longest among CLWH (11.3 weeks) compared to HUU (6.7 weeks) (<em>p</em> = 0.368). HBV infection was detected in 1.4 % (1/74) of HEU and 0.3 % (1/328) of HUU children, with no cases among CLWH. Factors associated with completing the third dose included crèche attendance, lower-middle socio-economic status (SES), timely uptake of dose 1, participant's age, and HIV exposure status. Crèche attendance was associated with a lower likelihood of delayed uptake, while increasing age was associated with a higher likelihood of delay.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings highlight disparities in timely hepatitis B vaccine uptake and coverage, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions ensuring timely vaccine uptake among HIV-exposed children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial to demonstrate lot-to-lot consistency of 3 lots of the simplified formulation of Butantan-dengue vaccine","authors":"Érique José Farias Peixoto de Miranda ,&nbsp;José Alfredo de Sousa Moreira ,&nbsp;Regiane da Silva Braga ,&nbsp;Daniela Haydee Ramos Silveira ,&nbsp;Vanessa Infante ,&nbsp;Lucas Bassolli de Oliveira Alves ,&nbsp;Juliana de Camargo Vieira Tenorio ,&nbsp;Gabriel Ferreira dos Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Gonzalez Patiño ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Theotonio de Mesquita Pacheco ,&nbsp;Fabiano Ramos ,&nbsp;Danise Senna Oliveira ,&nbsp;Esper Georges Kallás ,&nbsp;Fernanda Castro Boulos","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Summary</h3><div>Background</div><div>We aimed to evaluate the consistency of the immune response on Day 28 postvaccination with three consecutive lots of simplified formulation of Butantan-Dengue Vaccine (Butantan-DV) and to describe the frequency of vaccine-related adverse events from vaccination through Day 21 postvaccination in comparison to placebo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 700 participants allocated in a ratio 2:2:2:1 in parallel arms to receive any of three lots of simplified Butantan-DV or placebo, aged 18 to 59 years, without previous exposure to dengue in two study sites from a non-endemic area in Southern of Brazil. The consistency of three lots of the Butantan-DV were evaluated by analyzing the serum neutralizing antibody titers against four dengue virus serotypes by virus reduction neutralization test (VRNT₆₀), on the Day 28 post-vaccination. Criterion for lot-to-lot consistency was two-sided 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of geometric mean titers (GMT) ratio within the margins of equivalence of &gt;1/2 and &lt; 2.0 for 12 possible pairwise comparison for the three lots and four serotypes in the Per-Protocol Set. Adverse events were analysed according to the frequency and Miettinen &amp; Nurminen method to build 95 % CI for the difference in the binomial proportions of each lot with the placebo group. This trial is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT02406729</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between November 4th, 2022 and January 16th, 2023, 700 participants were randomized and vaccinated, while 607 (86.7 %) were included in the Per-Protocol Set. From the 12 possible pairwise comparison between three lots and four serotypes of DENV, 10 met the endpoint of equivalence of lots and 2 failed marginally. The overall frequency of vaccine-related adverse events was 90.8 % (544/599) in Butantan-DV group and 76 % (76/100) in placebo group.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Three lots of simplified formulation were safe and achieved the endpoint of equivalence of lots.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Intramural Research Program US NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Brazilian National Bank for Economic and Social Development, and Fundação Butantan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Development of African horse sickness disabled infectious single animal (DISA)-DIVA vaccine platform applied for all nine serotypes” [Vaccine 64 (2025) 127772]","authors":"Piet A. van Rijn ,&nbsp;Ulrich Wernery ,&nbsp;Arno-Jan Feddema ,&nbsp;Mieke A. Maris-Veldhuis ,&nbsp;Sunitha Joseph ,&nbsp;René G.P. van Gennip","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in Asia: Regional policy priorities","authors":"Alice S. Carter ,&nbsp;Duncan Steele ,&nbsp;Jacob John ,&nbsp;Senjuti Saha ,&nbsp;Matthew B. Laurens ,&nbsp;Anna A. Minta ,&nbsp;Litiana Volavola ,&nbsp;Ismoedijanto Moedjito ,&nbsp;Kongxay Phounphenghack ,&nbsp;Diana Mahat ,&nbsp;Soe Lwin Nyein ,&nbsp;Abhiyan Gautam ,&nbsp;Maria Fe Viviane S. Sespeñe ,&nbsp;Teuila Pati ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Thu Huong ,&nbsp;Nivedita Gupta ,&nbsp;Leyanna Susan George ,&nbsp;Madhumathi Jayaprakasam ,&nbsp;Anuradha Gupta ,&nbsp;Denise O. Garrett","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typhoid fever, a type of enteric fever transmitted through consumption of food or water contaminated with <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subspecies Typhi, continues to cause illness in Asia. Since the World Health Organization recommended use of typhoid conjugate vaccines in 2018, several countries have introduced or begun the decision-making process to use the vaccine in campaigns or by introduction into the routine immunization schedule. This paper describes the disease burden and vaccine implementation policy setting in the region, based on presentations and discussions at the second Asia Regional Meeting on Typhoid &amp; TCV. Moving forward, typhoid control efforts must prioritize 1) working across health and finance ministries to finance vaccination programs, 2) strengthening surveillance to better understand disease burden, drug resistance trends, and vaccine impact, 3) developing improved diagnostic tests, 4) stewarding antimicrobial use to slow the spread of drug resistance, and 5) evaluating the durability of TCV protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome sequence of the Myxoma virus Borghi vaccine strain","authors":"Moira Bazzucchi,&nbsp;Elisa Rossini,&nbsp;Patrizia Cavadini,&nbsp;Cristina Bertasio,&nbsp;Antonio Lavazza","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myxomatosis is a viral epizootic disease affecting the European rabbit (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>), caused by the <em>Myxoma virus</em> (MYXV), a member of the <em>Poxviridae</em> family, <em>Chordopoxvirinae</em> subfamily, and <em>Leporipoxvirus</em> genus. In this susceptible host, myxomatosis manifests in two clinical forms: the “typical” form, leading to high mortality in wild rabbit populations, and the respiratory (amyxomatous or “atypical”) form, more common in farmed rabbits.</div><div>Two geographically distinct MYXV types have been identified in the American native long-term host: South American and North American (Californian), exhibiting distinctive differences in genomic organization. Vaccination with attenuated viral strains derived from both types is used to control disease spread in endemic regions. In Italy, farmed rabbits are predominantly vaccinated with the attenuated Borghi strain, derived from the Californian MYXV-MSD strain. To characterize the Borghi vaccine strain, we sequenced its genome using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, including Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms.</div><div>Comparison of the MYXV Borghi strain genome with the reference MYXV Lausanne strain, the prototype of European circulating strains, revealed complete deletion of 13 open reading frames (ORFs) and severe alterations or early termination in 12 additional ORFs, most encoding immunomodulatory proteins. Notably, eight of the 11 members of the large E3 ubiquitin ligase family (key for immune evasion) are completely altered. The Borghi strain also exhibits partial inverted duplication of several ORFs - <em>M150, M151, M152</em>, and <em>M153</em> - as previously observed in the Californian MYXV-MSW strain. However, unlike the MYXV-MSW strain, the Borghi strain shows various alterations or truncations in nearly all these genes, with only <em>M152</em> remaining intact. In contrast, <em>M152</em> is disrupted, not deleted, in the MYXV-MSW strain. Finally, conservation of deduced immunodominant proteins validates the vaccine strain's ability to safely induce immunity and confirms its suitability for field deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective efficacy of two novel Klebsiella pneumoniae vaccine antigens, LysM/BON and OMPP1, in a murine model","authors":"Yueran Hou ,&nbsp;Paulina Zarodkiewicz ,&nbsp;Julen Tomás Cortázar ,&nbsp;Dominic Stoner ,&nbsp;Zoë Tulauskas ,&nbsp;Guerrino Macori ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Valvano ,&nbsp;Rebecca Ingram ,&nbsp;Siobhán McClean","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium, is a major opportunistic pathogen that causes septicaemia as well as respiratory, urinary tract, and soft tissue infections. Infections are difficult to treat and often associated with high mortality rates. Currently, there are no approved vaccines against <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. Previously, we developed a proteomic cell-blot approach to identify bacterial proteins involved in host cell attachment as potential vaccine antigens against <em>Burkholderia spp.</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and verocytotoxigenic <em>Escherichia coli</em>. In this work, using the same approach, we have identified 31 bacterial proteins that contribute to <em>K. pneumoniae</em> attachment to host epithelial cells. Two of them, LysM/BON and OMPP1, were selected for further evaluation as vaccine candidates. <em>E. coli</em> BL21 cells expressing recombinant LysM/BON or OMPP1 demonstrated increased levels of attachment to 16HBE14o^<em>−</em> cells. Furthermore, immunisation with both proteins conferred protection against sepsis in a C57BL/6 mouse model of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infection. Immunisation with OMPP1 or LysM/BON showed 2.69 log₁₀ and 1.54 log₁₀ CFU reductions in bacterial burden, respectively, and also reduced dissemination to the spleen. The antigens stimulated distinct antigen-specific recall response profiles; however, both antigens induced IL<em>-</em>17 and IL<em>-</em>22 expression, especially in NK cells, suggesting that these cytokines may be important in stimulating protection against <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. Both novel antigens have a high potential to be developed as protective vaccine against <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing effects of pneumococcal vaccination (PCV13) and rotavirus vaccination (RV) on colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) in Guatemalan children","authors":"Brooke M. Ramay ,&nbsp;Jonathan Yoder ,&nbsp;Carmen Castillo ,&nbsp;Natalie Fahsen ,&nbsp;Laura Grajeda ,&nbsp;Lucas F. Santos ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Romero ,&nbsp;Maria Renee Lopez ,&nbsp;Guy H. Palmer ,&nbsp;Celia Cordon-Rosales ,&nbsp;Douglas R. Call","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We aimed to determine if vaccination against rotavirus (RV) or pneumococcus (PCV13) is associated with reduced colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) in children (&lt;15 years) living in Guatemala.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Questionnaire information, vaccine records, and stool samples were collected from enrolled participants. Specimens were plated onto selective media with antibiotic susceptibility confirmed using a VITEK®2. We employed an instrumental variables approach with maximum likelihood for a system of three nested probit regression equations for binary outcomes of RV or PCV13 vaccination, diarrhea or clinic visits, and ESCrE colonization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 406) ranged from 0 to 14 years old, 123 (30.3 %) were 0–2 years old, 103 (25.4 %) were 3–5 years old, and 180 (44.3 %) were 6–14 years old. PCV13 vaccination had indirect negative effects on ESCrE colonization (−0.092, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) mediated through clinic visits (−0.461, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), while antibiotic use had a direct positive effect on clinic visits (0.226, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), but no significant effects on ESCrE colonization. Effects of RV on ESCrE colonization were inconclusive likely due to the limited sample size of RV-unvaccinated children. Protective effects of yogurt consumption on ESCrE colonization (−0.064, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01; −0.062, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and positive direct effects of land used for agriculture (0.232, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01; 0.224, P 〈001) were detected in both RV and PCV13 models, respectively. Report of diarrhea in the past 30 days had a direct positive effect on colonization (0.731, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in the RV model, and indirect positive effects on ESCrE colonization (0.090, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in the PCV13 model.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Vaccination for pneumococcal disease was associated with a reduction in colonization with ESCrE bacteria. Antibiotic use did not contribute directly or indirectly to ESCrE colonization. These findings should be confirmed through studies designed to collect clinical outcomes data. Findings from this and other studies suggest that ESCrE colonization is mediated by a complex interplay of factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tick-borne encephalitis: Burden of disease and impact of vaccination, Austria (2000–2024)","authors":"Simon Raffl ,&nbsp;David N. Springer ,&nbsp;Stephan W. Aberle ,&nbsp;David M. Florian ,&nbsp;Michael Kundi ,&nbsp;Karin Stiasny ,&nbsp;Judith H. Aberle","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence has increased across Europe in the past decade, even in Austria which has the highest vaccination coverage in Europe. This study investigated the field effectiveness of TBE vaccination using nationwide hospital-based surveillance data (2000–2024), and examined age-specific differences in vaccine effectiveness and disease severity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed TBE cases in Austria using nationwide hospital-based surveillance from 2000 to 2024. Annual TBE incidence rates were calculated for populations with regular, irregular, and no TBE vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated based on relative differences in incidence between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Additionally, the number of cases prevented by vaccination from 2000 to 2024 was estimated, including TBE hospitalizations, severe cases, and deaths.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2260 hospitalized TBE cases, 274 (12 %) occurred in children (1–15 years), 1066 (47 %) in adults (16–59 years), and 920 (41 %) in older adults (≥ 60 years). Severe disease was documented in 1051 (47 %) patients, and 26 (1.2 %) patients died. TBE vaccination provided excellent protection (99 % with regular and &gt; 90 % with irregular vaccination schedules) and prevented more than 10,000 hospitalizations, 4000 severe cases, and 80 deaths between 2000 and 2024. Our data, however, revealed that vaccine uptake and schedule adherence declined over time, coinciding with increasing case numbers in unvaccinated and irregularly vaccinated populations, which resulted in a significant rise in TBE incidence (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TBE vaccination substantially reduced disease incidence across all age groups. Sustaining high vaccination coverage and compliance with vaccine recommendations is needed to prevent TBE and reduce healthcare burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of herpes zoster vaccine hesitancy in adults aged 50 and above: A machine learning approach","authors":"Xiaolong Wang ,&nbsp;Shuhui Shang ,&nbsp;Tianle Zou ,&nbsp;Yanxia Hu ,&nbsp;Enming Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Jianying Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Herpes zoster (HZ) poses a growing public health challenge among adults aged 50 and above, with vaccine hesitancy being a major barrier to improving immunization rates. Understanding the factors driving HZ vaccine hesitancy is essential for developing strategies to enhance vaccination uptake in this population. This study aims to identify and analyze the key determinants of HZ vaccine hesitancy using machine learning models, providing insights to guide targeted educational strategies and interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2024, collecting data from individuals aged 50 and older at four community health service centers in Shanghai. Data collection included demographic information, HZ disease and vaccine knowledge, the 5C scale, and the vaccine health literacy. We employed LASSO regression for variable selection, followed by analysis of key variables using four machine learning algorithms: logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Model performance was evaluated using AUC and calibration plots. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were used to interpret and identify key predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1152 participants (mean age 66.1 ± 8.8 years; 49.7 % male) were included, with 73.95 % reporting hesitancy toward the HZ vaccine. Ten out of 21 features were selected for modeling. XGBoost model showed the best performance with an AUC of 0.960 (95 % <em>CI</em>: 0.937–0.983). SHAP analysis identified confidence, vaccine literacy, complacency, disease knowledge, and calculation as the primary predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The SHAP-XGBoost model showed strong predictive performance for herpes zoster vaccine hesitancy, with vaccine literacy and the 5C psychological antecedents identified as key predictors. This tool can inform targeted health interventions, and future work may integrate community databases for large-scale identification and tailored group strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of HLA-restricted peptide vaccine candidates delivered by self-assembling protein nanoparticle (SAPN) technology","authors":"Maria Belmonte ,&nbsp;Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi ,&nbsp;Eric Kyei-Baafour ,&nbsp;Ebenezer Addo Ofori ,&nbsp;Peter Burkhard ,&nbsp;Evelina Angov ,&nbsp;Gary R. Matyas ,&nbsp;Zoltan Beck ,&nbsp;Christian Pfeffer-Kleemann ,&nbsp;Lily Storey ,&nbsp;Pharath Lim ,&nbsp;Arnel Belmonte ,&nbsp;Harini Ganeshan ,&nbsp;Jun Huang ,&nbsp;Sandra Inoue ,&nbsp;Eileen Villasante ,&nbsp;Martha Sedegah","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria infection remains a significant threat worldwide, with the development of a vaccine that induces long-term sterile immunity proving difficult due to the complexity of the parasite, <em>Plasmodium</em>. The identification of conserved and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-promiscuous, protection-associated epitopes within target antigens offer promise of developing effective vaccines. We previously identified immunodominant T cell regions within selected <em>P. falciparum (Pf)</em> antigens using samples from semi-immune individuals in Southern Ghana. The aim was to design, produce and assess immunogenicity of <em>Pf</em>-antigen-specific vaccines containing conserved and promiscuous HLA class I-restricted epitopes using the self-assembling protein nanoparticle (SAPN) delivery platform. We produced five SAPN vaccines based on epitopes identified in our earlier studies from <em>Pf</em> antigens (PfCSP, PfAMA1 and PfTRAP) and presented by HLA supertypes HLA A*02 and HLA A*03. The vaccines were used to immunize transgenic HLA A*02 and A*03 mice at 3, 7 and 10 μg doses, and the levels of cellular responses and antibodies to sporozoites assessed by IFN-γ/IL2 FluoroSpot and immunofluorescence antibody assays (IFA), respectively. Transgenic mice vaccinated with the CSP A*02 SAPN vaccine elicited increased IFN-γ T-cell responses against the inserted epitopes, NANPNANPNV and AILSVSSFLF and significantly higher antibody responses against <em>Pf</em> sporozoites assessed by IFA (median titer = 10,240 in vaccinated group vs 10 in adjuvant group, <em>p</em> value = 0.0003).The AMA1 SAPN vaccine containing the A*02 epitope YMGNPWTEYM elicited a median IFN-γ sfc/m of 259 in the 10 μg dose group while the adjuvant only response was 47 sfc/m (p value = 0.03). The AMA1 A*03 epitope NSTCRFFVCK elicited a median IFN-γ sfc/m of 180 and 217 in the 10 and 3 μg doses respectively, while the adjuvant only response was 0 sfc/m for both doses (<em>p</em> value = 0.0079). Our approach demonstrates feasibility of developing a novel potentially efficacious epitope-based vaccine and affirms the potential of the SAPN technology as an effective delivery platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127832"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}