Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Long-term effectiveness of live zoster vaccine against herpes zoster and related complications: a nationwide emulated target trial in South Korea","authors":"Dongjin Yeo ,&nbsp;Kyeongmin Lee ,&nbsp;Yeona Jo ,&nbsp;Sooji Lee ,&nbsp;Hyesu Jo ,&nbsp;Jaeyu Park ,&nbsp;Selin Woo ,&nbsp;Yerin Hwang ,&nbsp;Louis Jacob ,&nbsp;Masoud Rahmati ,&nbsp;Jinseok Lee ,&nbsp;Sunyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Hayeon Lee ,&nbsp;Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The live attenuated zoster vaccine is used to prevent herpes zoster in older individuals, but evidence on its durability remains limited, particularly across diverse populations and healthcare systems. We therefore assessed the long-term vaccine effectiveness of live attenuated zoster vaccine against herpes zoster and its complications in a nationally representative cohort of older individuals in South Korea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We emulated target trial from a large-scale, population-based nationwide cohort of individuals aged ≥50 years in South Korea (<em>n</em> = 2,519,582), integrating health insurance data (Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service), national health screening (Korean National Health Insurance Service), and live attenuated zoster vaccination data (Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency). Exposure was defined as receiving the live attenuated zoster vaccine between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, with a follow-up period through January 31, 2024. Outcomes included incident herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster encephalitis, and hospital admission for herpes zoster. The effectiveness and durability were estimated using adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) from Cox proportional hazard models and restricted mean survival time (RMST) up to 10 years in an overlap-weighted cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 910,602 individuals (mean age, 61.48 [SD, 2.53] years; 47.30 % males) after overlap weighting, vaccination was associated with significantly lower risks of herpes zoster (aHR, 0.48 [95 % CI 0.48–0.49]; RMST differences, 151.1 days), postherpetic neuralgia (0.47 [0.46–0.48]; 86.0 days), herpes zoster encephalitis (0.40 [0.25–0.63]; 0.20 days), and hospital admission for herpes zoster (0.33 [0.31–0.35]; 14.1 days). Although effectiveness declined, protection remained significant for up to 8 years. Similar waning patterns were observed for postherpetic neuralgia and hospital admissions. Greater effectiveness was observed in males, individuals aged &lt;60 years, and those who consumed alcohol less than once per week.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Live attenuated zoster vaccination was associated with substantially reduced risks of herpes zoster and its complications in South Korea. Despite waning, protection persisted for 8 years, supporting the continued role of live attenuated zoster vaccine, particularly where recombinant vaccines are limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring strategies after the incorporation of vaccines into national immunization programs: a systematic review","authors":"Ana Catarina de Melo Araújo ,&nbsp;Alice Gomes Frugoli ,&nbsp;Jéssica Emanuela de Sena Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Jadher Pércio ,&nbsp;Thiago Petra Da Silva ,&nbsp;Thayssa Neiva da Fonseca Victer ,&nbsp;Fernanda Penido Matozinhos ,&nbsp;Éder Gatti Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objective</h3><div>The 2030 Immunization Agenda envisions a global landscape where everyone can equally access the benefits of both new and existing vaccines by expanding equitable coverage. Post-introduction evaluation strategies are essential to ensure efficient and rational use of resources invested in immunization programs. However, a notable gap remains in the literature on how these strategies are applied in low- and middle-income countries. This study identify the main strategies used worldwide to monitor vaccines after their incorporation into immunization programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were retrieved from PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Core Collection, SCOPUS, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases. The review included studies on vaccine monitoring after incorporation into immunization programs, with no date restrictions. Excluded were narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses, letters, book chapters, posters, COVID-19 vaccine studies, non-human vaccination research, and studies assessing general impact without post-introduction monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search identified 4812 citations, with 1477 duplicates removed. After screening 3335 titles and abstracts, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. While the concept of post-introduction monitoring strategies remains poorly defined, the studies revealed that such monitoring can be performed through evaluation of surveillance systems, economic assessments, and adapted analytical tools. Sentinel surveillance, involving healthcare workers and services, was the most frequently reported strategy, followed by synthetic control methods, pre- and post-introduction comparisons, and use of a World Health Organization tool.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite the absence of a standardized framework for post-introduction vaccine monitoring, existing studies demonstrate that evaluations can address effectiveness, safety, coverage, and cost. Beyond epidemiological significance, the incorporation of vaccines into immunization programs provides an opportunity to strengthen policies, promote workforce development, and foster social mobilization in support of vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza vaccine hesitancy in the elderly: Where do we stand?","authors":"Carla Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Seasonal flu can cause severe illnesses and death, especially in risk groups, such as elderly. Objectives: To identify and analyze studies related to influenza vaccine hesitancy and to identify the most reported factors/variables that explain vaccine hesitancy, regarding elderly.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A narrative review was carried out. Keywords were defined per each screened database: <em>PubMed, SciELO and DOAJ</em>. Inclusion criteria: studies identifying potential explanatory factors of influenza vaccine hesitancy in older adults (last ten years). Exclusion criteria: abstracts, letters to editors, commentaries, reviews, pilot and papers not written in Spanish, English, Portuguese and Italian. Variables related to vaccine hesitancy were identified and collected until saturation of data. These variables were codified according to 5C Model of Vaccine Hesitancy. Quality was checked with the <em>Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>43 papers were selected. Overall, a set of sociodemographic variables and variables related to the 5C Model (e.g., confidence, complacency, constraints, risk calculation or collective responsibility) were identified as potentially relevant to explain vaccine hesitancy in elderly. The quality of the present narrative was classified as acceptable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present work makes a valuable contribution to the understanding influenza vaccine hesitancy in older populations, with the proposal of practical recommendations supported by literature. However, its narrative approach and single-author design limit the depth of analysis and the generalization of findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events from long COVID: A comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and diagnostic approaches","authors":"Jose L. Domingo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global deployment of COVID-19 vaccines has introduced diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms with long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), prompting a comprehensive review of vaccine safety profiles, long COVID manifestations, and evidence-based differentiation strategies. Through a literature search (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) from December 2020 to June 2025, including peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and cohort studies, the present review reports that COVID-19 vaccines maintain robust safety, with rare adverse events like myocarditis and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, while long COVID affects 10–40 % of SARS-CoV-2 survivors, presenting symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and dyspnea. Differentiation between these conditions relies on careful analysis of the timing of symptom onset, detailed symptom characterization, and the use of advanced diagnostic tools. Systematic clinical assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis, which is critical for appropriate patient management, maintaining public confidence in vaccination, and guiding future research. Further studies are needed to validate diagnostic biomarkers, develop targeted therapies, and monitor long-term outcomes, with standardized global registries and interdisciplinary collaboration identified as key priorities for improving care and advancing the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple-TLR agonists' adjuvanted inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccine promotes effective Th1/Th2 immune responses and affords protective efficacy in chickens","authors":"Abinaya Kaliappan ,&nbsp;Saravanan Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Khushboo Panwar ,&nbsp;Dumala Naveen ,&nbsp;Prasad Thomas ,&nbsp;Surya Kant Verma ,&nbsp;Mithilesh Singh ,&nbsp;Vikash Chandra ,&nbsp;Sohini Dey ,&nbsp;Madhan Mohan Chellappa","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combinations of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are being explored to alleviate systemic toxicity and achieve long-lasting desirable immune responses. In this study, we investigated the use of a triple-TLR agonists' combination (LPS, TLR4; R-848, TLR7 and CpG-ODN, TLR21) as an adjuvant with the inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine in chickens. We assessed the immune response kinetics by stimulating chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the triple agonist combination and analyzing immune-related gene expression using quantitative PCR. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis was performed in spleen samples from birds injected with the triple TLR agonists. In the immunization study, birds were vaccinated with an inactivated NDV vaccine alone or in combination with different TLR agonist mixtures (single, dual, or triple), followed by assessment of both humoral and cellular immune responses and protection against challenge. Results from immune response study showed significant upregulation of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IFN-β, iNOS and MHC-II transcripts, indicating the pro-inflammatory, anti-viral and mixed Th1/Th2 responses in triple TLR agonists' combination. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of 19 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to immune function in triple-TLR agonists signaling pathway such as pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral response. Furthermore, the immunization study demonstrated that the triple-TLR agonist combination, at a low dose exhibited no toxicity and significantly enhanced both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, leading to higher antibody titres, increased T cell activation, and complete protection against a virulent NDV challenge. These findings suggest that the triple-TLR agonists' combination could improve vaccine efficacy and provide a cost-effective approach for vaccine formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of parental readiness for childhood vaccination: experiences, information, sociodemographics and adherence","authors":"Bo T. Hansen ,&nbsp;Ingfrid Borlaug Østlie ,&nbsp;Margrethe Greve-Isdahl ,&nbsp;Rebecca Nybru Gleditsch","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High childhood vaccination coverage is critical for safeguarding public health. Sustaining high coverage requires effective infrastructure and delivery systems, as well as attention to individual decision-making, which is shaped by social, psychological and contextual factors. To optimize uptake, vaccination programmes must account for these influences and their interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To advance understanding on parental childhood vaccination readiness and to inform strategies for maintaining high uptake, we conducted a survey in August 2023 among 2077 parents in Norway whose children (aged 0–5 or 8–16 years) were age-eligible for the national Childhood Immunization Programme (CIP). We examined factors associated with childhood vaccination readiness among parents using the validated 7C model, which assesses seven psychological antecedents of vaccination and provides an overall readiness score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall parental childhood vaccination readiness was high. However, lower readiness was significantly associated with negative experiences with vaccination services, not being sufficiently informed about vaccines at the health clinic, finding vaccination less accessible, and sociodemographic factors. Moreover, reliance on official public health information sources (e.g., child health clinics, government websites) for vaccination decision-making was positively associated with readiness, while reliance on social media, YouTube, or religious institutions corresponded with lower readiness. Overall readiness was also associated with vaccination behaviors: parents who had previously declined or postponed childhood vaccinations had substantially lower vaccination readiness scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings show that experiential, informational and sociodemographic factors are associated with parents' childhood vaccination readiness. Efforts to improve communication and trust, including in parent-provider encounters, may be crucial to maintaining high and equitable coverage in childhood vaccination programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination versus antibody screening for measles immunity in health care workers","authors":"Ruby Schieferdecker ,&nbsp;Tanja Menting ,&nbsp;Annette Mankertz ,&nbsp;Sabine Santibanez ,&nbsp;Cosima Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Jürgen K. Rockstroh ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger ,&nbsp;Carolynne Schwarze-Zander","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To promote measles protection in community and health care facilities a law (Measles Protection act, MPA) came into force in Germany requiring documentation of two measles vaccinations or evidence of measles seropositivity for healthcare workers (HCW) born after 1970. The German Standing Committee on Vaccination extended this law to a recommendation of two measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccinations.</div><div>Our aim was to evaluate serology-based vaccination strategies for measles and to consider their extension to mumps and rubella.</div></div><div><h3>Subject and methods</h3><div>Between 11/2020–7/2021, MMR serostatus was assessed in 386 HCW attending the Occupational Health Service Department for pre-employment or regular occupational examinations. Sociodemographic and documented vaccination data were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, measles IgG seropositivity was 72 %. Measles IgG was found in 77 %, 74 % and 61 % of employees with no, one and two documented measles vaccinations, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Seropositivity against MMR was detected in 66 % and 58 % with no and one documented measles vaccination, respectively. Considering measles immunity only anti-measles IgG screening prior vaccination saved costs. However, considering MMR seropositivity screening prior vaccination was not cost-effective. Measurement of measles virus neutralizing potency using a quantitative focus reduction neutralization assay to measure measles virus neutralizing potency indicated immunity in persons with two documented measles vaccine doses but negative or equivocal ELISA IgG results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Measles seropositivity was below 75 % among HCW. In individuals with documentation of two measles vaccine doses ELISA tests underestimate protection, thus no serological testing is needed. Considering measles seropositivity in HCW with no or one documented measles vaccination, measles serological screening before vaccination was most cost-effective. However, aiming at MMR immunity, vaccination of HCW without serological screening was most cost-effective and offers important benefits that should not be dismissed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the predictors for the uptake of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine under the immunization programme in India","authors":"Rhythm Hora ,&nbsp;Arindam Ray ,&nbsp;Amrita Kumari ,&nbsp;Mili Dutta ,&nbsp;Rashmi Mehra ,&nbsp;Amanjot Kaur ,&nbsp;Syed F. Quadri ,&nbsp;Seema Singh Koshal ,&nbsp;Shyam Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Abida Sultana ,&nbsp;Arup Deb Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Maternal immunization (MI) has evolved over the past decade, protecting both mother and offspring from infectious diseases. In India, only one vaccine, tetanus toxoid (TT)/ tetanus and diphtheria (Td), is available under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) for pregnant women. However, the basket of MI can be expanded by introducing additional maternal vaccines such as the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine in the immunization schedule. Therefore, the study aims to explore the potential predictors for the uptake of the RSV vaccine under UIP.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>For the study, relevant data was extracted from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted during 2019–21. A cross-sectional sample of women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the past 5 years was analyzed. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed to assess the predictors for pregnant women's interaction with healthcare workers (HCWs) during 3rd trimester of pregnancy using Stata 17 software. This measure was used as a proxy to gauge the existing maternal health delivery platform for new vaccine introductions, like RSV, administered during the third trimester.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Information from 174,483 women was included in the study. Of them, 59.3 % went for four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits, and a significant proportion (83.8 %) received tetanus injections. The number of antenatal care visits and tetanus injections during pregnancy emerged as strong predictors, with higher ANC visit frequencies with increased odds of meeting with healthcare workers (HCWs) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Further, younger age (20–24 years), middle wealth index group, and residence in rural areas were identified as positive predictors while higher levels of education emerged as a negative predictor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the importance of ANC visits and tetanus vaccine uptake in engaging pregnant women with HCWs during the third trimester. These factors indicate readiness for potential interventions and suggest leveraging ANC visits for introducing RSV, a new maternal immunization vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term protection and response to a booster dose after primary hepatitis B vaccination in people under pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection","authors":"Angelo Roberto Raccagni ,&nbsp;Giulia Morsica ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Reali ,&nbsp;Riccardo Lolatto ,&nbsp;Costanza Bertoni ,&nbsp;Hamid Hasson ,&nbsp;Alessia Siribelli ,&nbsp;Elena Bruzzesi ,&nbsp;Flavia Passini ,&nbsp;Diana Canetti ,&nbsp;Antonella Castagna ,&nbsp;Silvia Nozza","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination was introduced in Italy in 1991. However, the long-term durability of vaccine-induced protection remains under debate, particularly among high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study aimed to assess HBV seroprotection and the immune response to a booster vaccine nearly 30 years after infant immunization among MSM-PrEP users.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>This retrospective study included Italian MSM using PrEP under 35 years of age in Milan, Italy, between 2017 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HBV serological status was determined at the start of PrEP. Participants with HBsAb levels below 10 mIU/mL were offered a booster dose. Statistical analyses were performed to compare demographic and clinical variables according to seroprotection status and booster response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, among 447 MSM using PrEP, 271 (60.6 %) had HBsAb levels ≥10 mIU/mL, while 176 (39.4 %) &lt;10 mIU/mL at the start of PrEP. Seroprotection was more prevalent among older participants (<em>p</em> = 0.014) and those with higher AST levels (<em>p</em> = 0.019). Of the 55/176 participants who received a booster, 38 (69.1 %) developed protective HBsAb levels. Pre-booster HBsAb levels between 2 and 9.9 mIU/mL were associated with a better booster response (<em>p</em> = 0.032).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Almost 40 % of MSM using PrEP lacked protective HBsAb three decades after primary HBV vaccination, and around one-third of booster recipients failed to respond. Due to the high-risk nature of this group, systematic HBsAb screening and booster administration are recommended to ensure adequate protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social lives of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A qualitative study of vaccine understandings and decision-making among people of Black ethnicities in London, UK","authors":"Emily Jay Nicholls ,&nbsp;Denis Onyango ,&nbsp;Vladimir Kolodin ,&nbsp;Zoë Ottaway ,&nbsp;Abi Carter ,&nbsp;Lucy Campbell ,&nbsp;Frank Post ,&nbsp;Shema Tariq","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, people of Black African and Black Caribbean ethnicities were among the groups most likely to acquire COVID-19, and to develop serious infection, but were also the least likely to have received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Our aim was to explore SARS-CoV-2 vaccine understandings and decision-making among people of Black ethnicities in order to understand the complex drivers of vaccination disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted six online and face-to-face focus group discussions with thirty-six participants of Black ethnicities in London, UK. Topic guides were developed with our community partners and covered impact on daily lives, experiences of COVID-19, knowledge and beliefs (including about prevention measures), and healthcare seeking behaviour and perceptions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants described how their relationships with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were entangled with their belonging to religious communities; how painful histories of medical experimentation on Black people had reemerged in the context of concerns regarding vaccine safety; and how present realities of medical racism and global vaccine inequity shaped their understandings of the vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our account problematises “vaccine hesitancy” and the hegemonic belief that this is a direct consequence of a lack of knowledge or education. Instead, by engaging with “social lives” of the SARS-Cov-2 vaccines, we trace the rich meanings ascribed to vaccination, and complex and active negotiations around vaccination, among participants. Public health practitioners and policymakers should move beyond conceptualising vaccine hesitancy as irrational or ill informed, and instead acknowledge how such decisions are situated within a wider social, historical and political landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}