Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Chitosan-based Oral DNA vaccine elicits mucosal immunity and reduces Helicobacter pylori colonization in mice","authors":"Yi-Lin Chan ,&nbsp;Yu-Pin Chao ,&nbsp;Tsung-Lin Li ,&nbsp;Kuang-Wen Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral vaccination offers a promising strategy for controlling <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> infection, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance and reinfection rates. In this study, we developed a chitosan nanoparticle-mediated oral DNA vaccine encoding the urease B subunit of <em>H. pylori</em>. The chitosan-DNA nanoparticles exhibited stability under simulated gastric and duodenal conditions and demonstrated efficient transgene expression in vivo without cytotoxicity. Oral administration of the vaccine induced strong mucosal IgA and systemic IgG responses, accompanied by elevated IFN-γ and IL-17 production. Immunized mice exhibited a 150-fold reduction in gastric <em>H. pylori</em> colonization and significant inhibition of urease activity compared to controls. Histological analysis revealed enhanced immune cell infiltration associated with bacterial clearance. These findings suggest that chitosan-based oral DNA vaccination can elicit protective mucosal and systemic immunity and represents a promising approach for the prevention of <em>H. pylori</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bivalent SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine for cats neutralizes both the original ancestral strain and BA.1 Pseudovirus carrying the 453F and 501 T mutation","authors":"Ya Zhao ,&nbsp;Zongzheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Chuxing Cheng ,&nbsp;Mingyao Tian ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Meilin Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spillover and spillback of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between humans and animals, especially companion animals, threaten global public health security. However, risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants infecting companion animals and the development of corresponding prevention and control technologies are lacking. The aim of this study is to assess the potential risk of enhancement of the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in cats owing to mutations at key sites within the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) region and develop an efficient vaccine to cross-neutralize high-risk SARS-CoV-2 variants. The mutations Y453F and N501T synergistically increase the receptor affinity of RBD and cellular infectivity of the pseudovirus and mediate vaccine escape. A novel bivalent subunit vaccine has been developed; it is composed of the S-trimer proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and the BA.1 strain carrying the 453F and 501 T site mutations. Our data highlight the high degree of risks associated with the Y453F and N501T mutations within RBD in terms of the infectivity and vaccine escape of SARS-CoV-2 in multiple animals. The novel bivalent subunit vaccine can effectively cross-neutralize high-risk SARS-CoV-2 variants in cats, providing reliable technology and theoretical support for curbing the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127685"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of pro-equity strategies to improve vaccination among priority populations","authors":"Adeline Tinessia ,&nbsp;Majdi M. Sabahelzain ,&nbsp;Catherine King ,&nbsp;Saman Khalatbari-Soltani ,&nbsp;Praveena Gunaratnam ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dadari ,&nbsp;John Carlo Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Soumyadeep Bhaumik ,&nbsp;Meru Sheel","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>The importance of pro-equity strategies in addressing disadvantages that people and communities face due to their gender, migration status, ethnicity, disability, and place of residence is increasingly being recognised, but analysis of empirical evidence on how they improve vaccination in these priority groups is limited. This systematic review aims to fill this gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Standard evidence synthesis methods were employed, with searches conducted in four major bibliographic databases in March 2025. Studies were included if they reported on strategies aimed at improving vaccination uptake, coverage, and/or timeliness among priority groups disadvantaged by gender, migration status, disability, ethnicity, or geographical location, with no exclusions based on language, time, or type of vaccination. Excluded studies were those without explicit intervention or outcome data related to vaccination and those not focused on the identified priority groups or settings. A thematic analysis was conducted to map strategies for immunisation programmatic areas. Strategies were also mapped to the Tanahashi coverage framework, which identifies how pro-equity strategies addressed bottlenecks in the delivery of immunisation programs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 20,812 records retrieved, we identified 59 studies showing pro-equity strategies that improved vaccination uptake or coverage (<em>n</em> = 54) and timeliness (<em>n</em> = 6). Twenty-five pro-equity vaccination strategies under five immunisation system domains were studied. Thirty-nine studies were conducted in high- and middle-income countries. Most (56 %) focused on community-oriented strategies and improving acceptability (63 %). Few targeted upstream system-level barriers, such as policy and governance (<em>n</em> = 7), availability (<em>n</em> = 5), or effectiveness (<em>n</em> = 10) of immunisation service delivery. No single strategy or approach was universal across the priority groups. However, some approaches were more common in specific populations and settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review synthesises strategies to address vaccination inequities among underserved populations. Achieving vaccination equity will require context-specific approaches to address individual and systemic barriers across community engagement, service delivery, information systems, and policy and governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the Shingrix vaccine in immunocompromised varicella zoster virus naïve pediatric patients","authors":"Mohamad Hamad Saied ,&nbsp;Noehaila el Bied ,&nbsp;Lana Khoury ,&nbsp;Sebastiaan J. Vastert ,&nbsp;Joost Swart ,&nbsp;Annet van Royen ,&nbsp;Erika van Nieuwenhove ,&nbsp;Victorien M. Wolters ,&nbsp;Joris van Montfrans ,&nbsp;Frans Verduyn Lunel ,&nbsp;Sytze de Roock ,&nbsp;Marc Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pediatric patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases often require immunosuppressive therapy, which increases their susceptibility to infections, including varicella-zoster virus (VZV). While the live attenuated varicella vaccine is contraindicated in most immunocompromised children, the recombinant subunit vaccine, Shingrix, may offer an alternative preventive strategy. However, data on its safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in pediatric VZV-naïve patients remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the Shingrix vaccine administered to VZV-naïve pediatric patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a monocenter, real-world retrospective cohort study at the Pediatric Rheumatology Department of Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Netherlands. Ten VZV-naïve pediatric patients (median age: 2 years 11 months) on immunosuppressive treatment who received the Shingrix vaccine were included. Safety was evaluated based on adverse events recorded within three months post-vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring VZV IgG antibody levels pre- and post-vaccination. Efficacy was determined by the occurrence and clinical severity of breakthrough varicella infections. The median follow-up period from the first Shingrix dose to data collection was 7.6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine of ten patients developed VZV-specific IgG antibodies post-vaccination. One patient who received only a single dose remained seronegative. Two mild breakthrough varicella infections were observed without complications. One severe adverse event was recorded, likely attributable to concurrent viral infection rather than the vaccine itself.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of Shingrix in VZV-naïve, immunocompromised pediatric patients. Shingrix demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in immunocompromised pediatric patients and elicited a humoral immune response in all but one cases. The vaccine appeared to provide protection against varicella, although mild breakthrough infections were observed. Prospective studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-ups are warranted to confirm its long-term efficacy and optimal vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent class and time-to-event analyses of social determinants of health and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Black women living with HIV","authors":"Devina J. Boga ,&nbsp;Michael Robinson ,&nbsp;Manasa Tirupathi ,&nbsp;Reyanna St Juste ,&nbsp;Kimberly Lazarus ,&nbsp;Kayla Etienne ,&nbsp;Mya Wright ,&nbsp;Rachelle Reid ,&nbsp;Naysha Shahid ,&nbsp;C. Mindy Nelson ,&nbsp;Tulay Koru-Sengul ,&nbsp;Steven A. Safren ,&nbsp;Gail Ironson ,&nbsp;Allan Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Ian Wright ,&nbsp;Daniel Feaster ,&nbsp;Sannisha K. Dale","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing inequities are exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to HIV, COVID-19 disproportionately affects Black and other communities of color. Among Black women living with HIV (BWLWH) this study examined the relationship between community level and individual level social determinants of health and time to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Utilizing longitudinal data collected between February 2021 and May 2023, pre-pandemic experiences of microaggressions, economic stability, health behaviors, resilience, self-efficacy and trauma/violence were modeled using latent class (LCA) and time-to-event (TTE) analyses methods to identify which classes emerge and how these determinants may influence COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Among 152 BWLWH, 75 % were vaccinated by 232 days (95 %CI: 202–441 days) after vaccine availability. A total of 25 women did not get vaccinated or were lost to follow up by the end of the study period. The primary reason for not getting a vaccine (endorsed by 76 % of unvaccinated women) was lack of trust in the government and institutions developing the vaccine. The LCA resulted in a 2-class solution. Class 1 exhibited lower scores for microaggressions and trauma/violence while reporting slightly higher economic stability, higher self-efficacy, resilience, self-care, and medication adherence. Women in Class 2 had higher probabilities for experiencing more microaggressions, trauma/violence, slightly less economic stability, and less resilience, self-efficacy, self-care, and medication adherence. The TTE analysis included 134 women, no significant difference was found between classes for COVID-19 vaccine uptake, but a pattern was observed with Class 2 taking longer to get the vaccine. Efforts to promote vaccine uptake must take into account and address community level and individual level social determinants of health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “A phase 3 randomized trial (STRIDE-9) to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V116, a population-specific pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, in pneumococcal vaccine-naïve Japanese adults ≥65 years of age” [Vaccine 62 (2025) 127456]","authors":"Hiroyuki Kishino ,&nbsp;Satoshi Inoue ,&nbsp;Osamu Matsuoka ,&nbsp;Michio Yagi ,&nbsp;Rie Igarashi ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Oshima ,&nbsp;Miyuki Sawata ,&nbsp;Heather L. Platt","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deduplication of temporary names in an immunization registry using probabilistic linkage","authors":"Hannah K. Peng ,&nbsp;Taylor Olsabeck ,&nbsp;Hannah Forsythe ,&nbsp;Pooja N. Patel ,&nbsp;Ryan Malosh ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Dombkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Records with temporary names, such as Babygirl, BoyA, etc. are sometimes submitted to immunization information systems (IIS) with vaccinations that are administered before the child has a legal name.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To 1) apply probabilistic record linkage to assist in the deduplication of children with temporary names in an IIS and 2) assess the impact of that deduplication on vaccination coverage rates.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study of vaccination records.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR), Michigan's statewide, population-based IIS.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Records in MCIR with a temporary first name and date of birth between 1/1/2020 and 12/31/2023.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measure(s)</h3><div>Percentage of temporary name records matched to legal name records, and the difference in both temporary name and statewide primary childhood vaccination series (i.e. 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series) coverage among 19–35 month olds after reconciliation of these records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 16,806 temporary name records submitted to MCIR for births between 1/1/2020 and 12/31/2023, 9803 (58 %) were linked to a legal name record using probabilistic linkage. Among the subset of children aged 19–35 months who were assigned a temporary name at birth (<em>n</em> = 8548), 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series completion coverage increased substantially, from 1.5 % to 39.6 % after reconciliation of vaccination histories. Statewide, 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series coverage among children aged 19–35 months (<em>n</em> = 162,666) increased from 66.2 % to 68.2 % after reconciliation of vaccination histories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Probabilistic linkage was found to be an effective method for identifying duplicate temporary name records in IIS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of methodologic & data considerations for vaccine safety surveillance in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Katherine E. Mues ,&nbsp;Cindy Ke Zhou ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Gerber ,&nbsp;Florence van Hunsel ,&nbsp;Nicola P. Klein ,&nbsp;Hector S. Izurieta ,&nbsp;Robert T. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccine safety surveillance systems are vital for the post-market safety monitoring of novel and well-established vaccines, given the sample size, representativeness and follow-up time in clinical trials. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges for safety surveillance. Here, we discuss methodologic considerations for epidemiologic study design and real world data for passive and active surveillance systems for COVID-19 vaccines in the United States (U.S.) and Europe, including standardized case definitions, quality of clinical reports, validity of coding algorithms, risk window misclassification, sample size considerations to detect safety signals within subgroups, time to signal identification, counterfactual including comparator selection, and confounding control in the context of a global pandemic. Throughout, we discuss techniques that may be applicable in vaccine surveillance activities, particularly those that occur within a global pandemic with rapid development and implementation of new vaccines to large portions of the population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127691"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential predictors of COVID-19 booster vaccine confidence among adult people: a cross-sectional analysis amid the Omicron surge in Southern Bangladesh","authors":"Debendra Nath Roy ,&nbsp;Mamunur Rashid ,&nbsp;Asma Aktar ,&nbsp;Mst. Shahnaj Parvin ,&nbsp;Md. Ekramul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the therapeutic potential of the primary vaccine series, a lack of confidence in the COVID-19 booster vaccine poses a threat to public health and undermines its coverage at the national, regional, and global levels. This study aimed to understand COVID-19 booster vaccine confidence (CBVC) among Bangladeshi adults aged 18–49 and the potential predictors of CBVC. In line with STROBE guidelines, a face-to-face cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 15 to August 31, 2023 during the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. A one-way ANOVA analysis, independent-sample <em>t</em>-test, and binary logistic regression were employed to assess the potential antecedents associated with CBVC. The pooled COVID-19 booster vaccine confidence was 74.3 % (95 % CI, 71.1–77.6 %) among adult polls. Majority of participants were confident that booster vaccinations are safe (64.9 %) and effective (53.8 %) against new SARS-CoV-2 variants, with 74.0 % stating that they were trusted by vaccination services. Out of the ten potential factors, “equal safety” and “trust” had a highly significant positive association with CBVC ([aOR]: 2.164 and [aOR]: 2.054, respectively). Binary analysis also revealed that “effectiveness” and “social care” had a significant positive association with CBVC ([aOR]: 1.051 and [aOR]: 1.209, respectively). In the <em>t</em>-test analysis, females felt more responsible for getting the booster vaccine to protect others (<em>t</em> = −4.21, <em>P</em> = 0.001), however, they also worried about unwanted side effects (<em>t</em> = −4.79, <em>P</em> = 0.001). The post-hoc comparison found that being younger and having a lower education was associated with a lower level of confidence in booster vaccines and trust. This study reported high confidence in the COVID-19 booster vaccine, but there were noticeable demographic and psychological differences in booster confidence. The provision of accurate, up-to-date information from reliable sources, as well as education about the safety and efficacy of vaccines might improve CBVC coverage among marginalized populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness among the elderly in Taiwan using population-based registry data for the 2023–2024 season","authors":"Yi-Ting Huang ,&nbsp;Tsung-Pei Tsou ,&nbsp;Szu-Han Kuo ,&nbsp;Yen-Tsung Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Influenza infection can cause serious complications in the elderly, including hospitalizations and death. In Taiwan, government-funded influenza vaccination is offered to the elderly ≥65 years old. We aim to evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) among this group during 2023–2024 influenza season using national databases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate VE among adults aged ≥65 years. Individuals were grouped by vaccination status: those vaccinated between October 2 and November 15, 2023 comprised the vaccinated group, while those without vaccination records during this period formed the unvaccinated group. The observation period began 14 days after vaccination (index date) and continued through February 15, 2024; for unvaccinated individuals, the index date was October 2, 2023. Outcome and covariate data were obtained from linked national databases. VE was estimated using adjusted logistic regression models, with sensitivity analyses using propensity score matching.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 4,174,655 individuals, 1,833,476 (44 %) were vaccinated. Influenza vaccination showed moderate to high effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza outcomes, with adjusted VE ranging from 29.6 % (outpatient visits) to 75.2 % (severe disease). Moderate effectiveness was observed against influenza-like illness outpatient visits (VE: 21.2 %), inpatient visits (37.8 %) and all-cause mortality within 30 days (48.2 %). VE estimates increased after covariate adjustment, especially for severe outcomes. Findings were consistent in analyses using propensity score matching.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Influenza vaccination was moderately to highly effective against both laboratory-confirmed influenza and influenza-like illness in elderly adults. Protection was observed across outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 127690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}