Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the non-specific effects of BCG vaccination on the immune system and serological response to influenza vaccination in the elderly: A randomised controlled trial","authors":"Anne Marie Rosendahl Madsen ,&nbsp;Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer ,&nbsp;Ramona Trebbien ,&nbsp;Rutger Roring ,&nbsp;Nina Bang ,&nbsp;Christian Nielsen ,&nbsp;Mette Bliddal ,&nbsp;Lene Annette Norberg ,&nbsp;Mihai G. Netea ,&nbsp;Torben Barington ,&nbsp;Peter Aaby ,&nbsp;Sören Möller ,&nbsp;Christine Stabell Benn","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has beneficial effects on the immune system, which may lead to non-specific protection against non-tuberculous infections and increase the response to subsequent vaccinations. Seasonal influenza vaccination is used to protect senior citizens against influenza, but the serological response to the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) decreases in the elderly due to immunosenescence. The aim of this study was to test the capacity of BCG to boost the specific immune response to IIV and explore the effect of BCG on the innate immune system and health of senior citizens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomised controlled trial with a nested immunological study including 273 Danish citizens &gt;65 years. Participants were randomised into four equally sized groups combining BCG with IIV in different sequences compared with IIV alone. The primary outcome was change in influenza antibody hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre four weeks after vaccination. Secondary outcomes were infection rate during six months follow-up, and association between influenza antibody titre and infection rate. In subgroup analyses, we explored the effect of BCG on lymphocyte populations seven days after IIV and on cytokine production after stimulation of mononuclear cells <em>in vitro</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four weeks after influenza vaccination, the mean fold change in HI titre over all serotypes was 2.3–2.5 with no significant differences between the treatment groups. Seroconversion rate was comparable between treatment groups, and in strata of age and sex. There was no difference in the rate of infection between the groups and there was no association with influenza antibody level. We found no difference in distribution of lymphocytes. Combining BCG with IIV had modest impact on <em>in vitro</em> cytokine production compared with IIV alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BCG vaccination did not increase serological response to seasonal influenza vaccination or reduce the incidence of infection in this population of Danish senior citizens.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT number 2019–002781-12).</div></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><div>In this randomised clinical trial of Danish senior citizens, BCG vaccination did not influence serological response to influenza vaccination or reduce the risk of infection compared with placebo. There was no clear indication of induction of trained immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunisation program managers' experiences of implementing the change from a two dose to a single dose course of HPV vaccination in Australia's school-based program","authors":"Maryke Steffens ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Bolsewicz ,&nbsp;Kathleen Prokopovich ,&nbsp;Frank Beard ,&nbsp;Julia M.L. Brotherton","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Australia, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is routinely offered at age 12–13 years through school-based programs managed by eight states and territories. Coverage has declined since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with widening equity gaps. In February 2023, Australia moved from a two-dose to a single-dose HPV course. While the move was expected to increase coverage, single-dose coverage declined in the school cohort offered vaccination in 2023. We aimed to document the experience of implementing single-dose HPV vaccination and understand the current challenges in school-based immunisation programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In September 2024, we interviewed 11 state and territory senior immunisation staff online about their experiences implementing single-dose HPV vaccination and about current challenges in their programs. We identified categories and themes using thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Factors that facilitated the shift to a single dose included clear and consistent communication once the change was announced, acceptance of the change by parents and providers and the increased flexibility in timing for school visits that a single-dose course provides. The main challenge related to the short timeline and a delayed ability to communicate the upcoming change due to government confidentiality requirements. This resulted in frustration, a need to retrospectively adapt consent forms and vaccine oversupply. Current challenges in the school-based immunisation programs include declining school attendance, staffing, competing priorities in schools, evolving consent processes in the digital era and increasing challenges in engaging parents and students in immunisation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While implementing the change was straightforward, the shift to a single-dose occurred in a setting of increasing challenges to routinely providing immunisation in schools. Simplifying the HPV vaccination schedule may have inadvertently reduced in-school opportunities for vaccination by only requiring one annual visit. School-based vaccination programs should consider additional strategies to support catch-up vaccination and publicise options for vaccination outside of the school program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding parental HPV vaccination decision in China through the lens of vaccine hesitancy and preference heterogeneity: a discrete choice experiment","authors":"Yunshu Lu ,&nbsp;Chengzhou Tang ,&nbsp;Sen Xu ,&nbsp;Iltaf Hussain ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Dong ,&nbsp;Jiaxu Lin ,&nbsp;Runfang Mu ,&nbsp;Xu Ren ,&nbsp;Da Feng ,&nbsp;Shunping Li ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Jie Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing cervical cancer. However, persistent vaccine hesitancy remains a major barrier to widespread HPV vaccination. In line with the WHO's global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer, China announced in September 2025 that HPV vaccination would be included in the National Immunisation Programme. Understanding how parental preferences for different HPV vaccine attributes differ according to level of vaccine hesitancy is therefore essential to inform effective communication strategies and support the successful implementation of the new national programme.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited parents of girls aged 9–14 years in mainland China who had not received the HPV vaccine. A total of 1062 participants completed a discrete choice experiment to examine parental preferences for vaccinating their children. Five vaccine attributes were evaluated: protection efficacy, duration of protection, possibility of minor side effects, vaccine's country of manufacture, and price. The HPV Vaccine Hesitancy Scale was used to measure participants' degree of vaccine hesitancy. A mixed logit model was employed to explore preference heterogeneity according to level of vaccine hesitancy among participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All vaccine attributes significantly influenced parental preferences. Protective efficacy and duration of protection were the most important attributes for both high-hesitancy and low-hesitancy parents. Preferences differed by hesitancy level: parents with higher hesitancy assigned greater weight to efficacy and duration, and showed greater preference for imported vaccines. Under the baseline scenario, the predicted uptake was 35.9%, whereas the optimal scenario, characterised by high efficacy, forever protection, low cost, minimal side effects, and domestic production, was projected to increase uptake to 99.2%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parental preference of HPV vaccine attributes varied across vaccine hesitancy groups. Optimisation of vaccine attributes, particularly protection efficacy and duration of protection, may substantially enhance acceptance, supported by effective public communication and strengthened trust in domestically produced vaccines. These findings provide evidence to inform targeted strategies for increasing HPV vaccination coverage in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy of TSA-1.C4 or in combination with BNZ confers protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection with a distinct cytokine response","authors":"Landy Magaly Pech-Pisté ,&nbsp;Victor Dzul-Huchim ,&nbsp;Christian Florian Teh-Poot ,&nbsp;Fabian Gusovsky ,&nbsp;Kathryn Jones ,&nbsp;Peter Hotez ,&nbsp;Liliana Estefanía Villanueva-Lizama ,&nbsp;Maria Elena Bottazzi ,&nbsp;Jaime Ortega-Lopez ,&nbsp;Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chagas disease is a poverty-related neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> affecting approximately 6.3 million people, predominantly in the Americas. Approximately 30% of <em>T. cruzi</em> infections progress to chronic cardiomyopathy and 10% of these cases end in death from cardiac failure. The first-line drug Benznidazole (BNZ) require a prolonged treatment regimen and can be highly toxic. Here, we evaluate a therapeutic vaccine in <em>T. cruzi</em>-infected mice, based on the recombinant Trypomastigote Surface Antigen 1 (TSA-1.C4) protein and the emulsified adjuvant E6020, and in combination with a suboptimal dose of BNZ. We observed a reduced burden parasite in blood in mice receiving either with TSA-1.C4 vaccine alone or in combination with a low dose of BNZ. TSA-1.C4-specific IgG and isotype levels were increased in all experimental groups receiving TSA-1.C4 protein treatment, confirming its immunogenicity. Mice treated with TSA-1.C4 vaccine in combination with BNZ exhibit a reduced cardiac inflammation as well as an antigen-specific IFN-γ CD4⁺ T cells with an IL-2 and IL-4 cytokine production. Even though TSA-1.C4 vaccine alone induced a cytokine response by IFN-γ and IL-10 production, only the TSA-1.C4 vaccine plus BNZ reduced cardiac inflammatory infiltrate compared to infected untreated mice. In conclusion the therapeutic vaccine with a low dose of BNZ prevent cardiac inflammation and provide a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine immune response in a murine model of acute Chagas disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child sexual abuse and adult vaccination: Opposing patterns between routine and pandemic vaccines in a Nationwide survey","authors":"Yousuke Imanishi ,&nbsp;Maria Iorini ,&nbsp;Ichiro Wada ,&nbsp;Sinchul Jwa ,&nbsp;Takahiro Tabuchi ,&nbsp;Mai Uchida","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child sexual abuse (CSA) is common and has long-term health consequences. Evidence remains limited regarding the association between CSA and adult vaccination, as well as potential effect modification by social capital and vaccine attitudes. We aimed to examine the association between childhood CSA and adult influenza and COVID 19 vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were adults aged 18–79 years in the 2023 Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS). Cases with unnatural responses and existing conditions were excluded. We defined CSA as an exposure. The primary outcome was vaccination status for influenza and COVID-19 in the past year. We examined the association between CSA and outcomes using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on a propensity score derived from socioeconomic factors. We also assessed effect modification by individual behaviors, social capital and institutional trust, and vaccine attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CSA was significantly associated with lower influenza vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.86, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and was not with COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 1.05, 95%CI 0.97–1.14, <em>p</em> = 0.23). In stratified analyses, significant interactions were observed for COVID-19 vaccination with neighborhood networks (p for interaction 0.02) and vaccine attitudes (trust in vaccine efficacy p for interaction &lt;0.001, anxiety about side effects p for interaction &lt;0.001). In subgroups with weak neighborhood networks or low trust in vaccine efficacy, CSA was associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination than no CSA.No such interactions were observed for influenza vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CSA was associated with lower influenza vaccination rates, while COVID-19 vaccination did not differ overall by CSA status but showed heterogeneity by neighborhood network and vaccine attitudes. These findings highlight the need for trauma-informed vaccination strategies tailored to vaccine type, though further research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory approaches for platform-based vaccine development in Japan: Insights from PMDA's experience with COVID-19 and RSV vaccines","authors":"Takashi Ogawa,&nbsp;Joo Sunyi,&nbsp;Kengo Kawachi,&nbsp;Jurika Murakami,&nbsp;Shun Masuta,&nbsp;Junichi Fukuchi,&nbsp;Satoshi Yoshida,&nbsp;Kenji Sawanobori,&nbsp;Yuji Matsukura","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of a “platform” in vaccine development and regulatory evaluation has emerged as a strategic framework for accelerating responses to infectious disease outbreaks. By leveraging prior knowledge and applying consistent manufacturing and analytical procedures across multiple products—such as mRNA, viral vector and recombinant protein vaccines—platform approaches enable streamlined development and efficient regulatory reviews.</div><div>This article presents a Japanese regulatory perspective on platform-based vaccine development, drawing on the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)’s experience with both emergency and routine evaluations. Through case-based analyses of COVID-19 vaccines reviewed under emergency conditions and the subsequent post-pandemic evaluation of RSV vaccines under standard timelines, we illustrate how prior knowledge and regulatory flexibility supported timely and robust reviews. These insights contribute to the global dialogue on regulatory science and offer practical considerations for future vaccine innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Ireland: Impact of a national nirsevimab immunisation programme, 2024/2025","authors":"Laura Paris ,&nbsp;Lisa Domegan ,&nbsp;Maureen O'Leary ,&nbsp;Michael Hanrahan ,&nbsp;Adele McKenna ,&nbsp;Eva Kelly ,&nbsp;Carina Brehony ,&nbsp;Katie O'Brien ,&nbsp;Margaret Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Eve Robinson ,&nbsp;Augustine Pereira ,&nbsp;Éamonn O'Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To reduce the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants, Ireland implemented a national immunisation programme in the 2024/2025 season. Infants born between 1 September 2024 and 28 February 2025 were offered nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To estimate the impact of the nirsevimab immunisation programme on RSV-related morbidity among eligible infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective, population-based ecological study including infants born during the programme period. RSV case distribution and clinical outcomes in 2024/2025 were described and compared with historical data. Immunisation uptake was monitored weekly. Using immunisation effectiveness estimates, uptake and notification data of cases, we estimated averted cases, disease prevented fractions, and the number needed to immunise (NNI) to prevent one RSV-notified case, emergency department (ED) presentation, hospitalisation, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission applying adapted Machado et al. formulas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2024/2025, 83% (22,444) eligible infants received nirsevimab. In total 360 laboratory confirmed RSV cases were notified in infants born between September and February, compared to 1142 during the same period of 2023/2024 (severe season) and 997 during 2022/2023 (mild season), representing a 68% and 64% reduction, respectively. 1055 (95%CI:1038–1071) RSV notified cases, 459 (95%CI: 452–467) ED presentations, 437 (95%CI:430–443) hospitalisations, and 76 (95%CI:74–78) ICU admissions were averted in the 2024/2025 birth cohort. Disease prevented fraction was 74.5% (95%CI:73.6–75.4). NNI to prevent one RSV-notified case, was 22 (95%CI:21–24), 51 (95%CI:47–55) for ED presentations, 54 (95%CI:50–58) for hospitalisations, and 309 (95%CI:249–369) for ICU admissions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Immunisation with nirsevimab significantly reduced RSV-related illness in Irish infants in 2024/2025, supporting its continued use and potential expansion to older infant groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of mumps and rubella antibodies among Indian children: evidence of a mumps immunity gap","authors":"Huy Quang Quach ,&nbsp;Lara I. Teodoro ,&nbsp;Tamar Ratishvili ,&nbsp;Inna G. Ovsyannikova ,&nbsp;Sara P. Jones ,&nbsp;Iype Joseph ,&nbsp;John B. Johnson ,&nbsp;M. Radhakrishna Pillai ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Poland ,&nbsp;Joshy Jacob ,&nbsp;Richard B. Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mumps and rubella are highly contagious, vaccine-preventable diseases; however, India's National Immunization Program prioritizes rubella while excluding mumps. In this cross-sectional study, we measured mumps- and rubella-specific IgG seroprevalence in 508 children (49.6% female) from Kerala and evaluated demographic associations. Seropositivity was 78.5% (95% CI, 74.8–81.9%) for mumps and 99.4% (95% CI, 98.3–99.8%) for rubella. Mumps IgG titers were significantly higher in females (<em>p</em> = 0.0061) and increased with vaccine doses (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), whereas rubella IgG titers showed no such associations (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). IgG titers for both mumps (<em>r</em> = −0.13, <em>p</em> = 0.0043) and rubella (<em>r</em> = −0.23, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) declined with time since vaccination, indicating waning immunity. The contrast between high rubella and lower mumps immunity likely reflects differences in vaccination prioritization and support the inclusion of mumps-containing vaccines into India's National Immunization Program, ideally through universal adoption of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing incidence of pertussis before scheduled primary school booster vaccinations in Norway, 1998–2019","authors":"Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen,&nbsp;Håkon Bøås,&nbsp;Hinta Meijerink,&nbsp;Marissa LeBlanc,&nbsp;Hilde Synnøve Vollan Gjerdrum,&nbsp;Margrethe Greve-Isdahl,&nbsp;Elina Seppälä","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In Norway, infant pertussis vaccination is scheduled by birth date, whereas primary school and adolescent boosters are administered to entire school classes during the 2nd and 10th school years, respectively. The interval between infant vaccination and primary school booster can thus vary from 5.5 to 7.5 years. To examine the timing of the primary school booster, we estimated pertussis incidence among children aged 2 to18 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a nationwide, registry-based retrospective cohort study of children born between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013, who had completed infant pertussis vaccination by the age of two years. We calculated incidence rates (IR) by school year and stratified by birth period (spring or autumn). We compared the average number of reported pertussis cases during the first two school years (ages 5.5–8.5) across the current schedule and two hypothetical scenarios: vaccination prior to 2nd school year or prior to school entry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 782,875 children eligible for the primary school booster 93% were vaccinated by the end of the 2nd school year. Pertussis incidence rose after school entry, peaking around 15 reported cases per 10,000 children annually, then declined to 5 following booster uptake. We estimated that advancing the primary school booster prior to the 2nd or 1st school year would reduce incidence by roughly 25% and 62%, respectively. Spring-born children had higher incidence rates than autumn-born peers, reflecting longer average intervals between infant and primary booster dose.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current timing of the primary school pertussis booster appears suboptimal. Advancing the booster prior to the first school year could significantly reduce the burden of pertussis during first years of primary school.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support for vaccine-related priorities included in the Make Our Children Healthy Again Assessment and impacts on trust in vaccine safety: a national survey of parents in the United States","authors":"Matthew R. Boyce ,&nbsp;Tara Kirk Sell","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports on an online survey characterizing support for policies requiring longitudinal and targeted safety testing for new and existing childhood vaccines, as well as the impact of these policies on trust in vaccine safety. 1042 participants were included in the data analysis. For new vaccines, 66.8% of participants indicated support for longitudinal testing, and 63.0% supported targeted testing. For existing vaccines, 67.6% of participants indicated support for longitudinal testing, and 61.0% supported targeted testing. 57.0% of participants reported that their trust in vaccine safety would increase if existing vaccines underwent additional longitudinal testing, 55.6% reported that it would increase if they underwent additional targeted testing; 42.4% reported that their trust increased as a result of the recent dismissal of the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Policy support and trust impacts varied significantly according to participant gender, support for the Make America Healthy Again agenda, and vaccine hesitancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}