Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the costs of care for pediatric patients hospitalized for RSV: A retrospective cohort study in Belgium","authors":"Anne Tilmanne ,&nbsp;Magali Pirson ,&nbsp;Pol Leclercq ,&nbsp;Julie Van Den Bulcke ,&nbsp;Jérôme E. Dauvergne ,&nbsp;Arnaud Bruyneel","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the costs of respiratory-syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalizations in children under 3 years old in Belgium for hospitals and health insurance, and to identify factors influencing costs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study used data from 16 French-speaking hospitals in Belgium, covering January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. RSV diagnoses for children under three were identified using International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, resulting in 2176 hospitalizations analyzed for cost assessment. Hospital and health insurance costs were derived from administrative and billing data, adjusted for inflation, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression models to assess cost factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 2176 RSV-related hospitalizations, 61.8 % were in children under one year, and 74.1 % had readmissions within a year. The median length of stay (LOS) was 3.67 days, with a median hospital cost of €2924 and a median health insurance cost of €2221 per stay. Factors associated with higher costs included longer LOS, severe diagnosis-related group category, pediatric intensive care unit admission, and non-invasive ventilation use, with costs generally lower for children aged 1–2 years. Based on these data, the annual costs in Belgium associated with RSV hospitalizations in the pre-immunization era are estimated to exceed €26 million from the health insurance perspective and €29 million from the hospital perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the significant and underestimated financial burden of RSV hospitalization in Belgium. This emphasizes the need for better resource allocation to reduce the economic impact of RSV on healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of trajectory of COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness against infection","authors":"Jialiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Kwok Fai Lam ,&nbsp;Eric Ho Yin Lau ,&nbsp;Guosheng Yin ,&nbsp;Yun Lin ,&nbsp;Benjamin John Cowling","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127067","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This large-scale cohort study conducted in Hong Kong examined the time-varying protective effects of various COVID-19 vaccines and dosing regimens against the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 variants. An innovative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was employed to estimate the trajectory of vaccine effectiveness over time. Results indicated that the maximum protection for a single dose reached 0.120 for CoronaVac and 0.171 for Comirnaty. The peak protective effectiveness for the second and third doses were observed at 0.348 and 0.522, respectively. In a 4-dose regimen, CoronaVac demonstrated a maximum protective effectiveness of 0.548, stabilizing at 0.487, while Comirnaty achieved a maximum effectiveness of 0.784, stabilizing at 0.714 six months after the administration of the last dose. The vaccine effectiveness exhibited a rising and then declining pattern, peaking approximately 1–2 months post-vaccination. Understanding waning immunity is crucial for optimizing vaccination strategies and policies as viral evolution continues. This real-world study captured changing dynamics that may differ from clinical trials with limited follow-up, providing essential evidence to guide the optimization of vaccination efforts. Ongoing monitoring of vaccine effectiveness remains critical as the viral landscape evolves.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aims to investigate the time-varying protective effects of various COVID-19 vaccines and dosing regimens against infections caused by the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 in Hong Kong.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This territory-wide cohort study from Hong Kong combined vaccination records, confirmed COVID-19 cases, and census data from January 2022 to May 2022 to comprehensively analyze the time-varying protective effects of different COVID-19 vaccines and dosing regimens against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infections. A 4-parameter pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was used to estimate the trajectory of vaccine effectiveness over time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among 6.2 million adults, the maximum protective effectiveness for a single vaccine dose reached 0.120 for CoronaVac and 0.171 for Comirnaty. For the second and third doses, peak effectiveness were observed at 0.348 for CoronaVac and 0.522 for Comirnaty. Notably, a 4-dose regimen resulted in maximum protections of 0.548 for CoronaVac and 0.785 for Comirnaty, which stabilized at 0.487 and 0.714, respectively, six months following the last doses. The vaccine effectiveness exhibited a rising then declining pattern, peaking around 1–2 months post-vaccination, underscoring the importance of ongoing vaccination strategies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Understanding the waning of vaccine protection over time is critical for informing optimal vaccination strategies, booster schedules, and public health policies. This real-world study can capture changing dynamics that may differ from clinical trials which have more limited follow","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy among racially diverse parents in Canada: The important role of health literacy, conspiracy beliefs and racial discrimination","authors":"Jude Mary Cénat ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian Farahi ,&nbsp;Rose Darly Dalexis ,&nbsp;Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Idrissa Beogo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parental vaccine hesitancy is a global public health issue that leads to lower immunization coverage among children. While vaccine mistrust is increased among racialized adults, whether parental vaccine hesitancy differs by ethnicity in the era of COVID-19 is unknown. Addressing these gaps in the literature, this study explores the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among a racially diverse and representative sample of Canadian parents of children aged 0 to 12, comparing perspectives across different racial groups. An online survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of Arab, Asian, Black, Indigenous, White, and Mixed-race parents from October to November 2023. Data were collected on demographics, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, experience of major racial discrimination, conspiracy beliefs and health literacy. A total of 2528 parents (57.52 % women, 42.29 % men, and 0.20 % identified as non-binary gender) completed the survey. Significant mean differences in vaccine hesitancy were observed among racialized groups, <em>F</em>(7, 2520) = 3.89, <em>p</em> &lt; .001, with Arab parents (M = 23.73, SD = 7.46) reporting higher hesitancy than White parents (M = 21.28, SD = 8.59). Younger participants (14–24 years) showed greater hesitancy (<em>M</em> = 23.98, SD = 8.22) than those aged 55+ (<em>M</em> = 20.26, SD = 7.83), <em>F</em>(4, 2523) = 2.84, <em>p</em> = .023. Regression analyses indicated that conspiracy beliefs (<em>β</em> = 0.48, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and racial discrimination (<em>β</em> = 0.09, <em>p</em> = .012) are key predictors of vaccine hesitancy. A significant interaction between conspiracy beliefs and discrimination was found among racialized groups (<em>β</em> = 0.24, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Based on these results, addressing vaccine hesitancy requires nuanced, participatory approaches that foster trust, counter misinformation, and acknowledge systemic racial inequities. As, health literacy, conspiracy beliefs, and racial discrimination significantly shape parental decisions, future policies must integrate culturally and racially tailored strategies to promote vaccination, ensuring that every child in Canada is protected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127049"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and health-related predictors of COVID-19 booster uptake among fully vaccinated adults","authors":"Yordanos M. Tiruneh ,&nbsp;Jihye Choi ,&nbsp;Paula M. Cuccaro ,&nbsp;Journey Martinez ,&nbsp;Jing Xie ,&nbsp;Mark Owens ,&nbsp;Jose-Miguel Yamal","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To control COVID-19 mutations and prevent further spread, periodic revaccination is essential. Despite the substantial evidence supporting vaccine efficacy, hesitancy towards COVID-19 booster doses persists.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined factors associated with the booster vaccine uptake and the intention to receive a booster among fully vaccinated adults in Texas (<em>N</em> = 14,543), using a weighted telephone survey in 2022. We employed multiple logistic regression with Lasso-selected variables to identify sociodemographic, geographic, and health-related predictors of booster uptake and intentions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the respondents, 9989 (70 %) respondents reported having received a booster dose. Booster uptake was higher among older (65 years and older), White, publicly insured, and financially stable individuals. It was also higher among those without a history of COVID-19 infection and those with comorbidities and concerns about the virus. Higher odds of being boosted were associated with older age, Asian race, Spanish language, three public health regions (PHR 11, 7, 9/10), and diabetes and HIV diagnoses. Lower odds were observed among smokers, the uninsured, and those experiencing financial struggles. Among those who had not received the booster, greater intentions to receive a booster were observed across all racial/ethnic groups compared to White individuals, Spanish speakers, and the uninsured. Those with diabetes expressed stronger intentions to receive a booster, while individuals previously infected with COVID-19 and males were less inclined to seek a booster. However, individuals expressing concerns about the infection had higher intention to be boosted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlighted disparities in booster vaccinations across geographic regions, racial/ethnic groups, and insurance status. Targeted educational initiatives about the importance of booster vaccination are needed, especially for underserved populations with limited access to healthcare. Public health efforts should also focus on countering misinformation and promoting the benefits of boosters through gain-framed messages to motivate vaccine uptake and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127048"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing acceptance of RSV immunization for newborns among pregnant individuals: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Dominique Gagnon ,&nbsp;Charlotte Gubany ,&nbsp;Manale Ouakki ,&nbsp;Benjamin Malo ,&nbsp;Maude Paquette ,&nbsp;Nicholas Brousseau ,&nbsp;Jesse Papenburg ,&nbsp;Eve Dubé","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infections and hospitalizations in Canadian infants. Recently, Health Canada approved two novel immunizing products: a vaccine given during pregnancy and a monoclonal antibody for infants. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and intentions regarding RSV and its prevention among pregnant individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-methods study was conducted in Quebec from October to December 2023. Pregnant individuals were recruited through targeted Facebook advertisements. Data were collected in two phases: Phase 1 involved an online survey to assess knowledge of RSV, attitudes toward immunization, and intentions regarding both immunization products, followed by qualitative interviews in Phase 2 to explore factors impacting decision-making and preferences for RSV prevention. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; interview data were analyzed through thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among survey participants (<em>n</em> = 803), 68.4 % reported some knowledge of RSV. Intention for both immunization products was high, with 88.1 % of participants willing to receive the RSV vaccine during pregnancy and 92 %, to administer monoclonal antibodies to their infants. A majority (69 %) of participants preferred vaccination during pregnancy over monoclonal antibodies. The desire to protect their infant from severe RSV complications was a key motivating factor of acceptance of new RSV immunizing products. Other key determinants included vaccine safety, efficacy, and recommendations by healthcare providers. Qualitative interviews (<em>n</em> = 25) highlighted safety concerns of expectant parents about these new products. The importance of clear and evidence-based recommendations by healthcare providers was also emphasized.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pregnant individuals demonstrated a high level of interest in RSV immunization for infants, whether with vaccination during pregnancy or with monoclonal antibodies. Recommendations by healthcare providers and availability of information on the safety and efficacy of these new products will be key to move from intention to action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B serosurvey to validate the achievement of regional hepatitis B control targets in Belarus","authors":"Veronika Vysotskaya ,&nbsp;Martyna Gassowski ,&nbsp;Amelia Kasper ,&nbsp;Elena Gasich ,&nbsp;Natalia Kolomiets ,&nbsp;Alla Dashkevich ,&nbsp;Kathleen Wannemuehler ,&nbsp;Oleg Dubovik ,&nbsp;Liudmila Mosina","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Belarus conducted a representative, national hepatitis B serosurvey to evaluate the impact of hepatitis B vaccination programme.</div><div>We used a multi-stage cluster design to select 3783 children born between 2009 and 2015. We collected demographic and immunization data, as well as venous blood samples, which were analysed for HBsAg by ELISA.</div><div>Out of 2870 participants with valid test results, one tested positive for HBsAg, resulting in a weighted seroprevalence of 0.02% (one-sided 95% upper bound = 0.09%). Of the 3731/3783 (99%) participants with immunization records, 86.8% (95% CI: 84.8; 88.6) had received a timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine and 85.6% (95% CI: 83.5; 87.4) had received a birth dose and at least two subsequent doses of the vaccine.</div><div>This study findings demonstrated the achievement of the regional hepatitis B control targets and significant progress toward the elimination of hepatitis B as a public health threat in Belarus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B vaccination initiation and vaccination series completion: An in-depth systematic evidence review, with meta-analysis of associations with individual socioeconomic and health-related factors.","authors":"George N. Okoli ,&nbsp;Alexandra Grossman Moon ,&nbsp;Alexandra E. Soos ,&nbsp;Christine J. Neilson ,&nbsp;Diane M. Harper","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Associations between hepatitis B vaccination and individual socioeconomic/health-related factors have not been summarised.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42023445721) wherein we grouped study populations into a paediatric population (&lt;18-year-olds), community-dwelling adults (≥18-year-olds of average risk), persons at a higher risk of exposure, and persons with a chronic condition(s). We pooled appropriate multivariable-adjusted results using an inverse variance random-effects model, with the pooled results expressed as odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 83 cross-sectional studies. Thirty-nine studies reported on vaccination initiation, and 51 reported on vaccination series completion. In the paediatric population, being a child of an Asian versus White mother increased the odds of vaccination initiation, whereas a low versus high mother's socioeconomic status and birth in a health facility versus home birth increased the odds of vaccination series completion. In community-dwelling adults, there were increased odds of vaccination initiation with being younger, a White versus Black/Hispanic person, a health professional, higher education, HIV/hepatitis B screening, influenza vaccination in the past year, health insurance, and health care utilisation. There were increased odds of vaccination series completion with factors like initiation. In persons at a higher risk of exposure, older age, higher education, HIV/hepatitis B screening, influenza vaccination in the past year, being married/cohabiting, and training on infection increased the odds of vaccination initiation. In contrast, drug use, HIV/hepatitis B screening, being married/cohabiting, being female, being a current/former smoker, and having more health worker experience increased the odds of vaccination series completion. In persons with chronic condition(s), younger age was associated with increased odds of vaccination initiation, whereas higher education and being a health professional increased the odds of vaccination series completion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Several individual socioeconomic and health-related factors may influence hepatitis B vaccination, particularly in community-dwelling adults and persons at higher risk of exposure. Our findings may inform targeted messaging to optimise hepatitis B vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive and non-invasive diseases in children in Mexico after introduction of PCV13 (2012−2023). Results from the GIVEBPVac group","authors":"Araceli Soto-Noguerón ,&nbsp;María Noemí Carnalla-Barajas ,&nbsp;Gilberto Sánchez-González ,&nbsp;Fortino Solórzano-Santos ,&nbsp;Mercedes Macías-Parra ,&nbsp;Virginia Díaz-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Damaris Manzano-Arredonda ,&nbsp;Antonino Lara-Barbosa ,&nbsp;Lilia Pichardo-Villalón ,&nbsp;Sarbelio Moreno-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Martha Josefina Avilés-Robles ,&nbsp;Rayo Morfín-Otero ,&nbsp;Antonio Luévanos-Velázquez ,&nbsp;Rosario Vázquez-Larios ,&nbsp;Eduardo Rivera-Martínez ,&nbsp;Mariana Gil-Veloz ,&nbsp;Elvira Garza-González ,&nbsp;Víctor Antonio Monroy-Colín ,&nbsp;José Manuel Feliciano-Guzmán ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Tinoco-Favila ,&nbsp;Gabriela Echaniz-Aviles","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) since 2000 has altered the epidemiology of invasive (IPD) and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases (NIPD). This study aims to analyze trends in pneumococcal serotype distribution among children in Mexico, focusing on the period following the introduction of PCV13, and assess the potential impact of future vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Pneumococcal isolates were collected from hospitalized children in participating hospitals from January 2012 to December 2023. Serotype distribution was analyzed in children under &lt;5 years and those aged ≥5 to 17.9 years. The average annual change (AAC) in serotype proportions was calculated, and trends were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Serotype 19A was the most frequent PCV13 serotype, followed by serotypes 3 and 19F, in both age groups. Serotype 33F, included in PCV15 and PCV20, was absent in children aged ≥5‐17.9 years. Among PCV20 serotypes, serotype 15B was the most common, and serotype 17F, covered by PCV24, showed a significant increase in the older age group (<em>p</em> = 0.037). No significant trends in the increase or decrease of individual serotypes were found, except for serotypes 17F and serotype 34, which increased in both age groups. A decrease in serotypes covered by PCV13 (excluding serotypes 3, 19A, and 19F) was observed in both age groups (<em>p</em> = 0.04, 0.002). A significant increase in non-PCV13 serotypes occurred in children aged ≥5‐17.9 years (<em>p</em> = 0.023).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>After a decade of the introduction of PCV13 in Mexico, 10 of the 13 vaccine serotypes have not been detected in the past six years. However, serotypes 3, 19A, and 19F persist at high frequencies as causes of IPD and NIPD in children. Ongoing robust surveillance is critical for identifying emerging pneumococcal serotypes, selecting appropriate vaccines for each country, and developing next-generation vaccine formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HAVI: A novel tool to explore vaccine hesitancy among adults in Greece","authors":"Aikaterini S. Stravoravdi ,&nbsp;Aristea I. Ladas ,&nbsp;Christos A. Frantzidis ,&nbsp;Georgios Papazisis","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccine hesitancy remains a critical public health challenge, influenced by demographic and cultural factors. In Greece, age and gender are significant determinants. This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally adapted survey instrument, the Hellenic Attitudes towards Vaccination Index (HAVI), to assess beliefs and attitudes towards vaccination among Greek adults. Additionally, the study sought to investigate the impact of gender and age on vaccine hesitancy. By adapting an existing questionnaire, we ensured cultural and linguistic relevance to the Greek context.</div><div>This novel study employed a cross-sectional design, recruiting 184 adults (92 males, mean age = 40.2 years; 92 females, mean age = 38.8 years). Participants completed the 22-item HAVI questionnaire. Data analysis included Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, internal consistency assessment, and regression analysis.</div><div>EFA revealed a four-factor structure: (1) Perceived Vaccine Safety, (2) Perceived Vaccine Effects, (3) Attitudes Towards Health Authorities, and (4) Perceived Benefit of Mandatory Vaccines. A heatmap provided an intuitive visualization of item-factor relationships. The instrument demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.92).</div><div>Although explaining small to moderate amount of variance, there were key findings identified significant gender differences, with females showing higher vaccine hesitancy, and an inverse correlation between age and positive vaccination attitudes. HAVI represents a reliable and practical tool for assessing vaccine hesitancy in Greek adults, offering valuable insights to guide targeted public health strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient vaccine clinical trial: ACTG A5379 hepatitis B vaccine trial in persons with HIV","authors":"Minhee Kang ,&nbsp;Kristen M. Marks ,&nbsp;Andrea L. Cox ,&nbsp;Kenneth E. Sherman","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical trial designs that address multiple questions more efficiently are desirable. When we designed a hepatitis B vaccine trial to assess seroprotective outcomes in persons with HIV (PWH), we aimed for an efficient design that addressed three primary objectives in two study populations. The study focused on: PWH who did not respond to prior HBV vaccination, and PWH with no known history of HBV vaccination. Whereas one vaccine regimen was studied in the vaccine-naïve participants, multiple interventions were considered for those with prior nonresponse, with two different vaccines and two dosing schedules. Several features of the trial design required statistical considerations related to multiple testing: (1) assessment of vaccine response in two study populations under one trial, (2) comparisons among multiple treatment arms, and (3) sequential repeated significance tests in interim data monitoring. We describe the features aimed to gain statistical and administrative efficiencies, including reduction in the study sample size of 12 %. We also describe how we controlled type I error and planned interim data monitoring, and highlight the time lag issue due to the laboratory-based immunogenicity endpoint in this international, multi-center trial (<span><span>NCT04193189</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}