Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Report of a SPEAC webinar 22 september 2023: Sensorineural hearing loss, lassa virus disease and vaccines","authors":"Nicholas S. Reed ,&nbsp;Carmen C. Brewer ,&nbsp;Gideon Akintunde ,&nbsp;Faustina F. Blackie ,&nbsp;Lovelyn Charles ,&nbsp;Patricia Fast ,&nbsp;Paul-Henri Lambert ,&nbsp;Sylvanus Okogbenin ,&nbsp;Slobodan Paessler ,&nbsp;Daniel D. Pinschewer ,&nbsp;Karina A. Top ,&nbsp;Steven B. Black ,&nbsp;Cornelia L. Dekker","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lassa virus (LASV) belongs to the Arenavirus family. LASV is endemic in several West Africa countries and causes viral hemorrhagic fevers. The Nigeria CDC has reported that an outbreak in 2024 in 28 states has resulted in 7767 suspected cases of Lassa fever, 971 confirmed cases and 166 confirmed deaths up to 11 August. Since infection with LASV can result in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in up to 30% of patients, there are questions about whether triggering the immune response by immunization with LASV vaccines could potentially cause SNHL, although this has not been shown in clinical trials to date. To address this issue, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a three-hour webinar on 22 September 2023 to review what is known from both animal studies and human clinical trials and how hearing assessments in future clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for hearing assessment in expanded human trials of LASV vaccine candidates in children and adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthroughs and insights: A comprehensive review of yellow fever vaccine breakthrough infection across 8 decades","authors":"Felicity J. Coulter ,&nbsp;William B. Messer","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The yellow fever vaccine 17D is one of the most successful live-attenuated vaccines ever developed, controlling mosquito-borne yellow fever virus and yellow fever disease worldwide. Introduced in 1937, 17D never underwent rigorous phase III clinical trials to evaluate safety or efficacy, and while protection in the field was quickly established, no prospective evaluation of vaccine efficacy has ever been conducted. One important measure of vaccine efficacy is breakthrough infection resulting from vaccine failure. Yellow fever breakthrough infection was previously formally evaluated in a policy-changing report conducted by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in 2015 but has not been reviewed since despite several recent outbreaks in South America and Africa. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a literature search and reviewed 19 papers documenting breakthrough yellow fever infection between 1944 and 2023. There were up to 7793 suspected and up to 773 confirmed breakthrough cases reported in the literature, including thirteen cohort studies, four case reports, and two case series, which we summarize, evaluate the approaches used, and identify strengths and weakness. This review provides an important and much needed update on the topic of yellow fever breakthrough infection, drawing from recent outbreaks, highlighting limitations, and suggesting future approaches to further advance the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do national immunization technical advisory groups assess and use evidence: Findings from the SYSVAC survey","authors":"Antonia Pilic ,&nbsp;Louise Henaff ,&nbsp;Christoph Steffen ,&nbsp;Ole Wichmann ,&nbsp;Vanessa Piechotta ,&nbsp;Thomas Harder","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>National immunization technical advisory groups (NITAGs) develop evidence-based vaccination recommendations. Systematic reviews (SRs) are important tools in that process, but conducting them is very resource-intensive. Given the considerable number of immunization-related SRs published and to minimize duplication of effort, a more practical approach for NITAGs is to use existing SRs. Among multiple initiatives and resources to strengthen NITAGs, the freely accessible SYSVAC registry supports NITAGs in identifying suitable SRs when developing vaccination recommendations. Additional SYSVAC courses provide step-by-step training on how to use SRs.</div><div>This cross-sectional survey was conducted online and involved 108 participants globally. The aim was to explore NITAGs user experience with evidence retrieval, to assess impact and use of the SYSVAC resources and training needs. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.</div><div>Most of the respondents were &gt; 45 years old (75.9%) and represented 50 NITAGs from all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. In total, 13/50 NITAGs (26.0%) had ease accessing full text publications. The preferred data sources to search for evidence were peer reviewed literature via PubMed and the WHO website (Strategic Advisory Group of Experts – SAGE – on Immunization). When developing vaccination recommendations, respondents stated using SRs mostly conducted by SAGE, other institutions or NITAGs (83.2%), recommendations of other countries (79.4%) and primary studies (73.8%). Respondents from 35 NITAGs stated to use the SYSVAC registry to search for evidence, leading to ≥69 recommendations being developed by NITAGs globally with its support. Aside existing SYSVAC courses on SR use, there was great interest in training on SR use in the development of vaccination recommendations.</div><div>Our survey gathered information on evidence use and training needs. Survey results serve as a starting point to improve support of NITAGs in developing recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae bioconjugate vaccine functional durability in mice","authors":"Paeton L. Wantuch ,&nbsp;Cory J. Knoot ,&nbsp;Emily C. Marino ,&nbsp;Christian M. Harding ,&nbsp;David A. Rosen","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections as well as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis worldwide. Further, increasing antibiotic resistance in this pathogen makes <em>K. pneumoniae</em> troublesome to treat. Despite its clinical importance, there is not yet an approved <em>K. pneumoniae</em> vaccine available. Here we tested antibody durability and long-term functionality of two previously reported bioconjugate vaccines targeting the <em>K. pneumoniae</em> capsular type K2 and O-antigen type O1v1. We demonstrate that both antibodies are durable in mice for up to six months with significant IgG titers. However, only the K2 antibodies exhibit functionality out to six months as evidenced by serum bactericidal activity and survival in a murine bacteremia challenge model. These results are another promising step towards demonstrating the clinical capacity of bioconjugate vaccines and their induction of durable antibody responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the BNT162B2 COVID-19 vaccine immune response in Brazilian indigenous adolescents","authors":"Laís Albuquerque de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Isa Rita Brito de Morais ,&nbsp;Silvana Beutinger Marchioro ,&nbsp;Gabriel Barroso de Almeida ,&nbsp;Gleyce Hllen de Almeida de Souza ,&nbsp;Tiago da Silva Ferreira ,&nbsp;Regina Rossoni ,&nbsp;Dyjaene de Oliveira Barbosa ,&nbsp;Vinicius João Navarini ,&nbsp;Julio Croda ,&nbsp;Alex José Leite Torres ,&nbsp;Simone Simionatto","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccination of minors is crucial for global pandemic control, especially among indigenous populations, who are often more vulnerable due to limited healthcare resources and communal living settings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the immunogenicity responses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in immunized Brazilian indigenous adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort study was conducted with indigenous adolescents aged 12 to 18 years residing in the largest peri-urban indigenous region in Brazil. SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses were analyzed before (D1) and after (D2) completion of the vaccination schedule. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 129 adolescents invited, 98 (75.96 %) participated in the study. Most were of Guarani ethnicity, single, had lower incomes, and were educated only to the elementary level. Post-vaccination, a statistically significant increase was noted in IgG concentration (24.03 % to 37.02 %). Increases were observed in B lymphocytes (11.88 to 13.92 cells/mm³), memory B cells (13.58 to 15.96 cells/mm³), NK cells (20.23 to 24.08 cells/mm³), and non-classical monocytes (9.23 to 11.34 cells/mm³), while CD8+ T cells decreased (24.41 to 21.69 cells/mm³). Adolescents with prior exposure to the virus showed increased levels of B lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells. No significant changes were observed in other cell subpopulations from exposure to the virus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elevated levels of antibodies and certain cell subpopulations were observed in vaccinated adolescents, confirming the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in maintaining humoral and cellular responses. This study is the first to describe data from indigenous minors vaccinated against COVID-19 with the BNT162b2 vaccine, highlighting the importance of vaccination efforts and the potential need for booster doses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of maternal mental health with vaccination coverage and timeliness in early childhood – A historical cohort study in England using electronic health records","authors":"Anne M. Suffel ,&nbsp;Helena Carreira ,&nbsp;Jemma Walker ,&nbsp;Daniel Grint ,&nbsp;David Osborn ,&nbsp;Helen I. McDonald ,&nbsp;Charlotte Warren-Gash","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maternal mental illness (MMI) affects almost a quarter of mothers and may impact a child's development and physical health. It remains unclear whether MMI is associated with altered utilization of vaccination services. Understanding this association could help to identify families in need of additional support.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using primary care data from England, we conducted a historical cohort study of 397,519 children born in England between 2006 and 2014 with linked maternal records. Associations between different types of MMI (common mental disorders, severe mental illness and alcohol and substance use disorder) with childhood immunisation were explored using logistic regression for differences in coverage and accelerated failure time models for differences in timeliness before the child's fifth birthday.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>While there were no differences in vaccination coverage at the age of one, children of mothers with common mental disorders had lower odds of being vaccinated at the ages of two (OR 0.95, 95 %CI: 0.93–0.98) and five (OR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.84–0.89) in comparison to children of mothers with no record of MMI. Vaccination coverage was even lower for children of mothers with comorbid substance disorder and common mental disorder (OR 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.62–0.78 at the age of five). There were no significant differences in timeliness of vaccine receipt by MMI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Inequalities in vaccination coverage associated with MMI grow with increasing age of the child. Extending support services for women with MMI beyond the child's first year of life could offer potential to improve vaccination uptake and reduce childhood infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and characteristics of herpes zoster vaccination among older adults with asthma in the United States, 2008–2023: Findings from self-reported national surveys","authors":"Chun-Tse Hung ,&nbsp;Li-Min Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Chien Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma is a risk factor for herpes zoster. However, evidence regarding herpes zoster vaccination among patients with asthma is limited. Since the recommendations and availability of herpes zoster vaccines in the U.S. have changed over time, a comprehensive investigation into herpes zoster vaccination is crucial.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the trends and determinants of herpes zoster vaccination among U.S. adults with asthma aged 50 and over.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the 2008–2023 National Health Interview Survey were used. Data were analyzed in October 2024. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to analyze trends in herpes zoster vaccination. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with herpes zoster vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 20,664 respondents, representing approximately 8.6 million U.S. adults with asthma aged 50 and over. From 2008 to 2023, a significantly increasing trend in herpes zoster vaccination was observed (average annual percent change = 13.48; 95 % CI, 9.35, 17.77; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). This increasing trend was also observed when stratified by age groups. Several factors, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, educational level, income, asthma control, and flu vaccination, were associated with herpes zoster vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over the past 16 years, herpes zoster vaccine coverage sharply increased among U.S. adults with asthma aged 50 and over. Disparities in several characteristics exist, underscoring the necessity for targeted policies and interventions to promote equity in herpes zoster vaccination rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126523"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How text message reminders increase COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake: Two randomized controlled trials","authors":"Arne Meeldijk ,&nbsp;Lisa Vandeberg ,&nbsp;Reinier Akkermans ,&nbsp;Jeannine Hautvast","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccines are effective and affordable health prevention measures to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases, but achieving sufficient vaccine uptake population-wide is challenging. In this work, we assess the impact of various text messages reminders on COVID-19 booster uptake and the extent to which the effect of messages holds over time. Additionally, we analyse whether people's self-reported vaccination intentions (measured in response to message prompts) corresponds to actual vaccine uptake and whether this relationship differs between message variants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed two large sequential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Netherlands (<em>N =</em> 140.973), with the design of RCT2 building on the findings of RCT1. We 1) analyzed the effect of various text messages on COVID-19 booster uptake; 2) assessed the extent to which these effects hold over time; and 3) tested whether a positive response to message prompts moderates the effect of message variant on vaccine uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>First, the results of RCT1 demonstrate that text messages with an <em>ownership frame</em> (“your [vaccine] is ready for you”) result in highest vaccine uptake (e.g., compared to no text message: OR = 1.28 [99 % CI 1.03–1.59]). RCT2 showed that text messages with an <em>ownership frame</em> and a <em>specific date</em>, <em>time and location</em> result in highest vaccine uptake (e.g., compared to no text message: OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85–2.38]). Second, most message effects hold over a longer period of time (e.g., ‘date, time, location’ message versus no message: OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85–2.38] on day 6 and OR = 1.36 [99 % CI 1.25–1.48] on day 50). Third, we find that participants who received our most effective text and replied that they will take the vaccine, are more inclined to actually take the vaccine compared to the message with broad opening hours OR = 2.86 [99 % CI 2.14–3.82].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Text message reminders are able to increase vaccine uptake. From the tested variations, messages with an <em>ownership</em> frame providing a <em>specific date, time and location</em> are most effective. Because text messages demonstrate no notable disadvantages, we advise Public Health authorities to include this effective intervention in their vaccination campaign strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine efficacy induced by 2020-2021 seasonal influenza-derived H3N1 virus-like particles co-expressing M2e5x or N2","authors":"Jie Mao ,&nbsp;Hae-Ji Kang ,&nbsp;Gi-Deok Eom ,&nbsp;Keon-Woong Yoon ,&nbsp;Ki Back Chu ,&nbsp;Fu-Shi Quan","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza A matrix protein 2 (M2e) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens are known to play important roles in mounting a broad range of protection. Nonetheless, the protective efficacy of the VLP vaccines co-expressing both M2e and NA antigens has not been explored. In this study, we generated 2020/2021 seasonal influenza H3N1 VLPs that co-expressed either M2e5x (H3N1M2e5x) or N2 (H3N1N2 VLP) antigens. The protective efficacy of these VLPs was assessed by challenge infection with heterologous H3N2 and heterosubtypic H1N1 and H5N1 viruses in mice. Both VLP formulations induced cross-protection against distinct viruses, H3N1M2e5x VLPs elicited higher levels of cross-reactive IgG in sera against H1N1 and H5N1 viruses than H3N1N2 VLPs. Compared to H3N1N2 VLPs, H3N1M2e5x VLPs also induced substantially enhanced germinal center B cell responses while inhibiting IFN-γ production in the lungs. Importantly, H3N1M2e5x VLPs significantly reduced the lung virus titers upon H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 challenge infections. These results indicated that VLPs comprising the M2e5x antigen are a promising vaccine design strategy that could aid in the pursuit of a universal influenza vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the timeliness and equity of preschool childhood vaccinations: Mixed methods evaluation of a quality improvement programme in primary care","authors":"Milena Marszalek ,&nbsp;Meredith K.D. Hawking ,&nbsp;Ana Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Nicola Firman ,&nbsp;Jianhua Wu ,&nbsp;John Robson ,&nbsp;Kelvin Smith ,&nbsp;Isabel Dostal ,&nbsp;Zaheer Ahmed ,&nbsp;Helen Bedford ,&nbsp;Anna Billington ,&nbsp;Carol Dezateux","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We conducted a mixed methods evaluation to assess whether implementing a primary care quality improvement (QI) programme utilising a digital call-and-recall tool improved timely receipt and equity of first measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and diphtheria tetanus, pertussis and polio-containing (DTaP /IPV) vaccinations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>138,133 and 136,952 children were eligible to receive first MMR and DTaP/IPV respectively between 1st January 2019 and 31st January 2024 in North East London. We compared proportions with timely first MMR or DTaP/IPV receipt (by ages 18 and six months respectively) pre- and post-implementation using an interrupted time series analysis. We calculated change in the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) by an area-level deprivation measure. We conducted ‘Think Aloud’ exercises and semi-structured interviews with users.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The proportion of children with timely first MMR receipt increased by 5·3 % (Rate Ratio [RR]:1·053, 95 % confidence interval [CI]:1·033–1·073), equating to an absolute increase in timely MMR receipt of 4·1 % - from 77·7 % to 81·8 % - and for first DTaP/IPV by 0·9 % (RR:1·009, 95 % CI:1·003–1·015). There was no significant change in SII for either vaccine. Users reported improved recall with tool use, but identified practice-level and systemic barriers, including staff dynamics and unachievable national targets, limiting its consistent use.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>In a real-world setting, a call-and-recall tool within a primary care QI programme improved timely first MMR receipt. Sustained improvement requires additional support including by incentivising achievable targets and improving staff capacity and training.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>National Institute of Health and Care Research; Barts Charity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 126522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}