Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Effect of a proactive childhood vaccination reminder system on vaccination coverage and uptake in Denmark: A register-based cohort study","authors":"Tjede Funk ,&nbsp;Sarah Kristine Nørgaard ,&nbsp;Louise Hallundbæk ,&nbsp;Julie Grau ,&nbsp;Steen Ethelberg ,&nbsp;Palle Valentiner-Branth ,&nbsp;Peter Henrik Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In August 2019, Denmark implemented a proactive childhood vaccination reminder system. This study aimed to assess the effect of the introduction of this vaccination reminder system on vaccination coverage and uptake of the first four childhood vaccinations, namely the tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-infection vaccination (DTaP-IPV/Hib) recommended at three, five and twelve months as well as mumps, measles, rubella vaccination (MMR1) recommended at 15 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a retrospective register-based cohort study based on two birth cohorts: children born in January 2018 (i.e. control group) and January 2022 (i.e. intervention group). All children that lived in Denmark and were alive during the entire study period were included. Children were followed-up from two weeks before to six weeks after each scheduled vaccination. The end of the study period was therefore at 16.5 months. Differences in vaccination status were tested at six weeks after scheduled vaccination. The median days to vaccination were calculated and compared between the two cohorts. Kaplan Meier curves and logrank tests were used to compare vaccination uptake over time between the two cohorts. Logistic regression analyses tested for differences in vaccination coverage at six weeks after scheduled vaccination between the study groups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative birth cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The vaccination coverage at six weeks after scheduled vaccination was higher for children in the intervention cohort for all vaccinations, except the second diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio-Hib vaccine (DTaP-IPV/Hib2) given at 5 months. Fewer children in the intervention cohort were unvaccinated (3.4 % vs 1.3%3 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and more children had received all three DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccinations at the end of the study period (88.3 % versus 79.0 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Children in the intervention group were significantly more likely to have been vaccinated at six weeks after scheduled vaccination for all vaccinations except DTaP-IPV/Hib2, compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study indicated that the children vaccinated under the proactive vaccination reminder system did have a higher vaccination coverage for three out of four investigated childhood vaccinations and a somewhat quicker vaccination uptake than children vaccinated before the introduction of the reminder system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-daughter agreement about HPV vaccination status in Kenya and Malawi","authors":"Corrina Moucheraud ,&nbsp;Eric Ochieng ,&nbsp;Ansila Kweka ,&nbsp;Pengyun Wang ,&nbsp;Shangkun Xie ,&nbsp;John Ototo ,&nbsp;Ginger Golub ,&nbsp;Ellen Kapindo ,&nbsp;Esau Banda ,&nbsp;Hawa Abdillahi ,&nbsp;Peter G. Szilagyi ,&nbsp;Siyu Heng","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As more countries introduce the HPV vaccine, it is important to understand the validity of vaccination measures. This is especially true in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where public health monitoring of vaccination data may have delays or gaps, so alternative measurement approaches are often necessary. Parental report is a common approach for measuring routine childhood vaccination, but it has not been evaluated for HPV vaccination in LMICs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted household surveys in Kenya (<em>n</em> = 146) and Malawi (<em>n</em> = 98) with parents/guardians and their daughters who were age-eligible for HPV vaccination. We compared parents'/guardians' reports of HPV vaccination status to daughters' reports; the latter was assumed to be the “gold standard” measure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>88 % of Kenyan parents/guardians and 82 % of Malawian parents/guardians agreed with their daughters' reported HPV vaccination status. It was more common for parents/guardians to under-report (i.e., to say their daughter was unvaccinated but the girl said she had received dose(s)) than the inverse. Agreement with one's daughter was higher among parents/guardians who reported data from vaccination cards versus using recall, and among parents/guardians who expressed more versus less confidence in their knowledge. We did not find many differences in accuracy of report by parent/guardian characteristics, although in Kenya there were small and statistically significant negative associations with parental age, household income, and more girls in the household (the latter was also significantly negatively associated with report accuracy in Malawi).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In countries where surveys will commonly be used to measure HPV vaccination status, we found very high agreement of parents/guardians with their daughters' reported receipt of the vaccine. These results are similar to findings from the literature about routine childhood vaccination measurement. This suggests that researchers, clinicians, and practitioners can use parent/guardian-reported HPV vaccination of their daughter as a relatively good proxy of her own reported immunization status especially in settings without universal use of vaccination cards or registries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of HPV-loaded PLGA microparticles as single-dose HPV vaccine: Insights for sustained-release vaccine development","authors":"Yingyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Nicole Sullivan ,&nbsp;Mathew Abraham ,&nbsp;Hyking D. Haley ,&nbsp;Yaping Liu ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Mahan ,&nbsp;Catherine Hines ,&nbsp;Michal Tomaszewski ,&nbsp;Corin O. Miller ,&nbsp;Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu ,&nbsp;Michael McNevin ,&nbsp;Leia Epstein ,&nbsp;Helen Yarovoi ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Marie Shenk ,&nbsp;Donna Williams ,&nbsp;Lisa Plitnick","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is pivotal to prevent new HPV infections and associated diseases globally, which requires a multi-dose regimen to maximize protection. A long-acting HPV vaccine that can be administered in a single immunization during a doctor's visit would be highly desirable if comparable benefits are provided to that of standard of care (SoC). This work explored the development of a sustained-release HPV vaccine formulation via temperature-programmed loading of polylactic-<em>co</em>-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles (MPs). Traditional methods for fabricating HPV-loaded MPs suffer from HPV virus-like particles (VLP) structure/function loss due to exposure to organic solvents, shear stress, etc. This approach separates the microparticle fabrication from VLP loading thereby effectively minimized common stress conditions during formulation. The HPV-loaded PLGA MPs demonstrated significantly prolonged injection site retention as a depot and successfully elicited robust immunogenicity in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. However, a single dose of HPV MPs alone resulted in lower immunogenicity compared to GARDASIL®9 (G9, laboratory prepared material equivalent in composition) prime/boost in a rabbit model, likely due to the lack of an effective adjuvant in the formulation. Alternatively, concomitant administration of HPV MPs and G9 at separate injection sites was shown to induce noninferior antibody titers and durable immune response compared to the current SoC multi-dose regimen. It was hypothesized that the bolus dose of G9 served as potent prime while sustained release of HPV antigens from MPs exerted booster effect. Despite the cost benefits and convenience offered by a single injection of HPV vaccine, the co-formulation of HPV MPs with G9 remains a challenging area. In summary, this work successfully demonstrated the feasibility of developing a sustained-release formulation of HPV vaccine and provided valuable insights into challenges and opportunities of formulation design to improve efficacy, safety, and tolerability as a single-dose HPV vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refresher training in administering intradermal BCG-vaccine increased BCG-scarring rates in rural Guinea-Bissau","authors":"Julie Odgaard Vedel ,&nbsp;Oides Furtado ,&nbsp;Laerte Lima Almeida ,&nbsp;Jailson Sydenei Dias Martins ,&nbsp;Sanne Møller Thysen ,&nbsp;Andreas Møller Jensen ,&nbsp;Igualdino Da Silva Borges ,&nbsp;Ane Bærent Fisker","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A correct vaccination technique is important for developing BCG scars. Having a BCG scar is associated with lower mortality among BCG-vaccinated children.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To compare BCG-scar prevalences among children vaccinated before and after refresher training in BCG vaccination technique.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>BCG-scar prevalence is assessed through a health and demographic surveillance system in rural Guinea-Bissau. In the context of a randomised trial, staff at health facilities in three regions (intervention area) received refresher training on BCG vaccination technique. In a fourth region (control area) no training was implemented. In logistic regression models, we compared scar prevalence among children vaccinated before and after the training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BCG-scar prevalence increased from 75 % to 92 % (odds ratio (OR) = 4.19, 95 %CI 2.92–6.01) in the intervention area and from 71 % to 78 % (OR = 1.43, 95 %CI 0.89–2.29) in the control area (<em>p</em>-value for same increase: &lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BCG scarring rates increased after training in vaccination technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape analysis of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (iNTS) disease and iNTS vaccine use case and demand: Report of a WHO expert consultation","authors":"Kate Emary ,&nbsp;Adwoa D. Bentsi-Enchill ,&nbsp;Birgitte K. Giersing ,&nbsp;Melita Gordon ,&nbsp;Helen Dale ,&nbsp;Esmelda B. Chirwa ,&nbsp;Peter Johnston ,&nbsp;Calman A. MacLennan ,&nbsp;Samuel Kariuki ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Excler ,&nbsp;Jerome H. Kim ,&nbsp;Robert W. Kaminski ,&nbsp;Annelies Wilder-Smith ,&nbsp;the iNTS vaccine Consultation Expert Group","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive disease caused by non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> serovars (iNTS) occurs with increased risk in the presence of other comorbidities such as malaria, HIV, malnutrition, anaemia and sickle cell disease. While infection with non-typhoidal (NTS) serovars often results in self-limited enterocolitis in high-income settings, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where these risk-comorbidities are common, an invasive (iNTS) disease phenotype is seen, associated with up to 20 % case-fatality ratio, and antimicrobial resistance is both significant and growing. The need to evaluate the potential public health value of vaccines against iNTS disease is increasingly being recognized, and several candidate vaccines are in early development. A better understanding of the global burden and epidemiology of iNTS disease, as well as the potential public health and socio-economic benefits that iNTS vaccines may offer is fundamental to support and justify the investments in vaccine development. In addition, the pathways for licensure, policy recommendations and eventual vaccine prioritization and use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) need to be defined.</div><div>Here, we report on the proceedings of an expert consultation held on 29 November – 1 December 2021 as part of an overall project to develop a Full Value of Vaccines Assessment (FVVA) for iNTS vaccines and in addition to more recent iNTS vaccine developments. Experts at the consultation reviewed the current evidence on iNTS disease and discussed knowledge gaps to be addressed to accelerate vaccine development, licensure and introduction, as well as LMIC perspectives on potential iNTS vaccine use and demand. The learnings from this consultation are critical inputs to inform remaining work under the iNTS FVVA project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It's easier to deal with the vaccines you know than the ones you don't know”: A qualitative study on healthcare workers' vaccine confidence in Nigeria","authors":"Ayobami A. Bakare ,&nbsp;Elisa Gobbo ,&nbsp;Kofoworola O. Akinsola ,&nbsp;Carina King ,&nbsp;Julius Salako ,&nbsp;Damola Bakare ,&nbsp;Halima Usman ,&nbsp;Claudia Hanson ,&nbsp;Adegoke G. Falade ,&nbsp;Sibylle Herzig van Wees","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of non-needle-based vaccination devices in the state of Georgia","authors":"Logan Melot ,&nbsp;Erica Thyfault ,&nbsp;Kyra Hester ,&nbsp;Mark R. Prausnitz ,&nbsp;Robert A. Bednarczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccination is important for controlling infectious disease; however, there are logistical barriers associated with needle and syringe-based vaccination. Non-needle-based vaccination methods could address many of these barriers and are in pre-clinical and clinical development. New technology is sometimes followed by hesitancy, affecting acceptance and uptake, highlighting the importance of understanding the perceptions of vaccine delivery methods by potential vaccine recipients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To understand perceptions of non-needle-based vaccination methods in the state of Georgia, we surveyed 427 Georgia residents. Respondents were asked about their perceptions of vaccines and new medical technology, willingness to accept a non-needle-based vaccine, and whether they would recommend specific vaccination devices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Race and ethnicity were found to impact vaccine hesitancy and trust in new medical developments hesitancy. Of 427 participants, 29.3 % were more likely to accept non-needle-based devices over needle/syringe, 35.1 % were just as likely to accept, 14.4 % were unsure, and 20.6 % indicated that non-needle-based methods would not make them more likely to receive a vaccine. Race, urbanization, insurance status, vaccine hesitancy, and trust in new medical developments affected willingness to accept a non-needle-based vaccine. Needle/syringe vaccine devices were the most accepted method based on a picture and short description (77.6 %), inhaled vaccine devices were the least recommended (46.8 %); nasal spray (64.3 %), jet injector (60.0 %), skin patch (57.3 %), and oral delivery (54.0 %) were between these values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While needle/syringe is the preferred method of vaccination, there are clear preferences among non-needle-based vaccine delivery methods; however, demographic factors that are associated should be considered as these devices move through clinical testing. Our future work will involve in-depth interviews to further identify important themes affecting vaccine acceptance in Georgia. Due to potential hesitancy, we need to strengthen our understanding of themes associated with vaccine perceptions to enable design of accurate and persuasive materials for physicians and patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of potential vaccines for use with microarray patches in low- and middle-income countries: An assessment from the Vaccine Innovation Prioritisation Strategy Alliance","authors":"Collrane Frivold ,&nbsp;Birgitte Giersing ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Amorij ,&nbsp;Mercy Mvundura ,&nbsp;Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz ,&nbsp;Jessica Joyce Mistilis ,&nbsp;Kristen Earle ,&nbsp;Courtney Jarrahian ,&nbsp;Marion Menozzi-Arnaud ,&nbsp;Tiziana Scarna","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Microarray patches (MAPs) have the potential to increase equitable vaccine coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, MAP developers and vaccine manufacturers have identified a barrier to development of MAPs for global health applications: the need for guidance on which vaccine MAPs would be of value to LMIC immunization programs. To address this gap, the Vaccine Innovation Prioritisation Strategy (VIPS) Alliance conducted a prioritization process to identify high-priority vaccines that could be delivered via MAPs in LMICs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We first compiled a reference list of vaccine targets through desk research, then filtered these targets based on route of administration, market distribution, existing interest from a global/regional health organization, whether the vaccine would address a specific global health priority or stakeholder agenda, development status, and potential MAP use cases. To further down-select the list, we consulted an external advisory group and evaluated the potential regulatory pathway, programmatic impact, and financial sustainability to define two priority levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From a reference list of 91 vaccine targets, we identified 21 with applicability to LMICs, which were further down-selected to a VIPS priority list of 11 vaccine targets grouped by priority level. Priority group 1 included vaccines against hepatitis B virus, measles-rubella/measles-mumps-rubella viruses, human papillomavirus, rabies virus, yellow fever, influenza virus (seasonal and pandemic), and SARS-CoV-2. Priority group 2 included vaccines against Group B streptococcus, <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> A,C,W,Y,(X), <em>Salmonella Typhi</em>, and <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These vaccine MAP priorities will inform the investment decisions of MAP developers, vaccine manufacturers, donors, and global health partners to better respond to country needs when designing their MAP portfolios. By providing a holistic assessment of the potential drivers for and key risks of developing specific vaccine MAPs, our findings have the potential to promote MAP development activities for vaccines that are priorities for LMICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 126996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic differences in parental hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccine","authors":"Courtney K. Blackwell ,&nbsp;Traci Bekelman ,&nbsp;Shivani Bakre ,&nbsp;Lisa P. Jacobson ,&nbsp;Nissa R. Towe-Goodman ,&nbsp;Johnnye Lewis ,&nbsp;Debra A. MacKenzie ,&nbsp;Qeturah Anderson ,&nbsp;Delma-Jean Watts ,&nbsp;Kaja Z. LeWinn ,&nbsp;for the ECHO Cohort Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective(s)</h3><div>To identify sociodemographic patterns in pediatric COVID-19 vaccination status and parental vaccine hesitancy reasons.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey data was collected from 5103 US parents of 6 month to 17-year-olds from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) study. We used chi-square tests to examine sociodemographic differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated children and between vaccine-hesitant and non-hesitant parents. We used risk ratios (RRs) from adjusted multivariable Poisson regressions to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and vaccine hesitancy reasons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Less than half (41.7 %) of children had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Only 1 % of parents who were unsure or had no plans to vaccinate their children (“vaccine hesitant”) cited resource barriers (e.g., transportation, cost). Instead, vaccine-hesitant parents reported concerns about side effects (general: 53.1 %; long-term: 56.2 %); believed their child did not need the vaccine due to low risk (33.7 %) or prior infection (21 %); perceived there was insufficient vaccine testing in children (24 %) and in racially/ethnically diverse populations (9.5 %); and lacked trust in healthcare provider recommendations (9 %). Vaccine-hesitant parents of Indigenous and Black children were less likely to report side effect concerns (general: RR 0.65–0.87; long-term: RR 0.55–0.66); higher-income and higher-educated vaccine-hesitant parents were ∼ 1.5–2 times more likely to say their child was at low risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><div>Safety concerns and perceived low risk influenced parental COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, not resource barriers. Important sociodemographic differences can inform future approaches to public health campaigns to propel swift action during a public health crisis to help reduce disease burden and spread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and WGS-based characterization of invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates collected in Belgium (2016–2022) and MenB-FHbp vaccine coverage estimation of serogroup B","authors":"Nathalie Goeders ,&nbsp;Kevin Vanneste ,&nbsp;Nancy H.C. Roosens ,&nbsp;Bert Bogaerts ,&nbsp;Wesley Mattheus","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> can result in life-threatening meningitis and septicaemia. There are twelve serogroups of <em>N. meningitidis</em>, but most cases of IMD are caused by serogroups A, B, C, W, X and Y. In Europe, serogroup B (MenB) accounts for 51 % of documented cases as recently reported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). As a major cause of IMD, genomic surveillance of circulating MenB strains and assessment of the potential impact of vaccination programs could help inform public health policy. In this study, a collection of 493 strains was analysed, collected in Belgium by the National Reference Centre between 2016 and 2022. Slide agglutination was used for serogroup determination and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to further characterize these strains. The observed serogroups were: MenB (<em>n</em> = 281), MenY (<em>n</em> = 95), MenW (<em>n</em> = 83), MenC (<em>n</em> = 30), non-groupable isolates (n = 2), MenE (<em>n</em> = 1) and MenX (n = 1). A higher prevalence of MenY and MenW was observed in older adults. MenB isolates were grouped into 110 sequence types (STs), 89 of which belonged to 16 clonal complexes (CCs). Coverage of the MenB-FHbp vaccine (Trumenba, bivalent rLP2086; Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA ipv Philadelphia) was predicted using the Meningococcal Deduced Vaccine Antigen Reactivity (MenDeVAR) index. Of the 281 MenB strains collected between 2016 and 2022, 89.1 % (lower limit – upper limit: 78.6–100.0 %) were predicted by MenDeVAR to be covered by the vaccine. This study highlights the benefits of a pathogen surveillance program and the need for experimental characterization of continuously evolving antigenic variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}