Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"A point-mutated Ag85B antigen improves recombinant bacterial expression and protects mice from aerosol M. tuberculosis challenge","authors":"Wen-Ling Hsu ,&nbsp;Yang Jiao ,&nbsp;Matthew Hvasta ,&nbsp;Kristina N. Tran ,&nbsp;Brennen T. Troyer ,&nbsp;Wei-Chiao Huang ,&nbsp;Brian Kuhlman ,&nbsp;Andres Obregon-Henao ,&nbsp;Jonathan F. Lovell","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, providing motivation for improved vaccine approaches, such as subunit vaccines targeting specific <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>M. tuberculosis</em>) antigens. Ag85B is a protein involved in cell wall biosynthesis, is abundant in <em>M. tuberculosis</em> culture supernatants, and has been incorporated in several TB vaccines candidates. We observed low expression yields of Ag85B when expressed recombinantly in <em>E. coli</em> using a histidine-tag purification approach. To address this, we utilized the ThermoMPNN protein structure algorithm to predict several stabilizing mutations in Ag85B. Of these, a single mutation, D52W, significantly enhanced expression yield in <em>E. coli</em> with good storage stability. Ag85B-52W exhibited rapid binding to liposomes incorporating cobalt-porphyrin via his-tag interaction, resulting in suppression in reactivity with an anti-his-tag antibody (due to anchoring of the his-tag in the bilayer), while the surface-displayed protein remained reactive towards anti-Ag85B antibodies. Immunization with Ag85B-52W in a liposomal vaccine elicited antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses, resulting in reduced lung bacterial burden in mice following aerosol <em>M. tuberculosis</em> challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Significance statement</h3><div>A point mutation in the <em>M. tuberculosis</em> Ag85B protein, predicted by ThermoMPNN algorithm, enhanced its antigen expression yield in <em>E. coli</em> with good storage stability. Immunization with the Ag85B mutant with a liposome vaccine system in mice resulted in antigen-specific humoral and cellular response that protected mice against <em>M. tuberculosis</em> infection. This approach could facilitate the use of recombinant Ag85B in TB vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to vaccinate in a future pandemic. Evidence from a vignette experiment","authors":"Ádám Stefkovics ,&nbsp;Anna Sára Ligeti ,&nbsp;Júlia Koltai","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted both the importance of vaccination and the persistent challenge of vaccine hesitancy. As future global outbreaks remain a realistic threat, understanding the factors shaping vaccination intentions beyond the COVID-19 context is crucial. We conducted a pre-registered vignette experiment in an online survey in Hungary (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1000</mn></mrow></math></span>), varying six disease and vaccine-related attributes: disease severity, vaccine’s country of origin, technology, regulatory approval, side effects, and recommendation source. Respondents evaluated eight randomly assigned scenarios each. Multilevel linear models were used to estimate the main and interaction effects of vignette and individual characteristics. Vaccine side effects, approval status, and country of origin were the strongest predictors of willingness to vaccinate in a future pandemic. Respondents were substantially less willing to accept vaccines with stronger side effects or those originating from China, and preferred vaccines jointly approved by Hungarian and European authorities. In contrast, vaccine technology (mRNA vs. non-mRNA) and recommendation source had no significant effect. Less-educated, rural respondents and those unvaccinated against COVID-19 were largely unaffected by differences in vaccine attributes or contextual factors. Concerns over side effects and institutional legitimacy remain central in hypothetical future pandemics, while technological distinctions play a minor role. Strengthening trust through transparent, evidence-based communication, early engagement, and tailored messages addressing the specific concerns of hesitant subgroups not even influenced by disease and vaccine-related factors will be essential to improve vaccine uptake and pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural determinants of vaccine access: an integrated review of the Canadian literature","authors":"Muhammad Haaris Tiwana ,&nbsp;Julia Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccination is a critical public health tool, yet vaccine uptake in Canada is declining, with persistent inequities among marginalized populations. While individual-level vaccine hesitancy is well studied, there is limited synthesis of how structural determinants such as governance, institutional practices, and cultural norms shape access.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine how structural determinants shape vaccine access among marginalized populations in Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an integrative review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies were included if they addressed vaccine access in the Canadian context and examined systemic inequities affecting marginalized populations. Data from 40 sources were charted and analyzed thematically using a structural determinant of health framework, which categorized findings into four domains: (1) values, beliefs, culture, and norms; (2) governance; (3) laws, policies, regulations, and budgets; and (4) institutional practices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Structural determinants affected vaccine access in multiple, intersecting ways. Cultural mistrust, religious concerns, and social norms influenced perceptions of vaccine safety and relevance. Governance issues including top-down strategies, lack of community engagement, and inconsistent communication undermined public trust. Legal and policy barriers, such as identification requirements, excluded marginalized populations. Institutional practices, including inaccessible clinic locations, and absence of race-based data, further contributed to inequities. Positive examples of community- and peer-led interventions were identified but often underfunded or excluded from formal systems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Addressing these barriers requires participatory governance, culturally safe services, and sustained investment in community-led models. Our framework can inform equity-focused vaccine policy and practice in Canada and similar high-income contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatics design and in vivo evaluation of a multiepitope vaccine targeting OMPL1, Lipl32, Lipl41, and Lipl46 for leptospirosis in a male ICR mouse model","authors":"Ritik Thumar ,&nbsp;Satyamitra L. Shekh ,&nbsp;Anitaba Chauhan ,&nbsp;Kopal Kapoor ,&nbsp;Aneri Joshi ,&nbsp;Devanshi Gajjar ,&nbsp;Sriram Seshadri ,&nbsp;Dhwani Jhala ,&nbsp;Chaitanya G. Joshi ,&nbsp;Amrutlal Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis is the most widespread and under-recognized zoonotic disease with around 1.03 million cases and ∼ 60,000 reported fatalities occurring each year. It is a threat to humans as well as animals and can only be avoided by appropriate immunization. In this study, epitopes from proteins present on the exterior membrane of selected pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> species were used as immunogens <em>viz.</em> OMPL1, LipL32, LipL41 and LipL46. Conserved epitopes from each of the proteins across 8 species of <em>Leptospira</em> were screened and used to generate a multi-epitope vaccine that activates B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Six vaccine constructs were analyzed employing various immunoinformatics tools for physicochemical properties, structure prediction followed by validation, docking with immune receptors and molecular dynamics simulation. The vaccine construct 4 (LH) was found to comply with all the desired parameters to further consider for <em>in vivo</em> efficacy evaluation. For <em>in vivo</em> validation, gene for LH was cloned in a pVAX1 vector to be used as a DNA vaccine and in pET30a vector to express protein vaccine. DNA and protein vaccines were administered intramuscularly in ICR male mice along with adjuvant alhydrogel. Both types of vaccines elicited strong immune response evidenced from significantly increased serum IgG level evaluated by ELISA post the duration of 14 to 42 days. IFN-γ cytokine producing T cells were significantly stimulated in protein vaccine as revealed by flow cytometry suggesting the priming of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by vaccine. The neutralizing antibody response to <em>Leptospira</em> serovars was confirmed with microscopic agglutination test. In summary, this study illustrates the prospective of multi-epitope DNA and protein vaccines incorporating epitopes from four outer membrane proteins to generate a strong immune response, paving the way forward for protection during challenge study against virulent <em>Leptospira</em> pathogens in animal model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of parental vaccination readiness and descriptive norms with childhood vaccination status","authors":"Wakana Maki ,&nbsp;Kazue Ishitsuka ,&nbsp;Naho Morisaki ,&nbsp;Masaki Machida ,&nbsp;Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maintaining high vaccination coverage requires understanding parental psychological factors, such as readiness conceptualized by the 7C model and descriptive norms, that shape decisions about childhood vaccinations. This study aimed to validate the Japanese short version of the Children-7C (C7C) scale, and examine how parental readiness and descriptive norms relate to vaccination status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5148 parents in a self-reported online survey. Structural validity and internal consistency were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and McDonald's omega. Criterion validity was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) for composite vaccination uptake and acceptance defined as the proportion of age-eligible vaccines received, and received or intended, respectively. Vaccine-specific SEMs were also conducted for all vaccines in the Japanese National Immunization Program—<em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> type b, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, diphtheria–pertussis–tetanus, hepatitis B, rotavirus, measles–rubella, varicella, Japanese encephalitis, human papillomavirus, and diphtheria–tetanus, as well as mumps, influenza and COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The scale demonstrated acceptable structural validity (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.092, SRMR = 0.028) and internal consistency (ω = 0.88). Factor loadings ranged from −0.51 for calculation to 0.89 for complacency. Collective responsibility, constraints, confidence, and complacency showed strong loadings, whereas compliance (λ = 0.25) and conspiracy (λ = 0.06) showed minimal loadings. Regarding criterion validity, parental readiness was positively associated with both composite uptake and acceptance. Readiness showed similar associations across routine infant vaccines, a strong association for HPV, and a weaker association for COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines. Descriptive norms had a lesser overall loading but were consistently positive.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Japanese short version of the C7C scale is valid for measuring parental vaccination readiness. Readiness consistently predicted children's vaccination status, underscoring the need to enhance readiness while also considering vaccine- and age-specific strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of the four-component recombinant meningococcal B (4CMenB) vaccine in adults with immunodeficiency","authors":"L. Sticchi ,&nbsp;A. Di Biagio ,&nbsp;A. Domnich ,&nbsp;M. Inglese ,&nbsp;M. Mikulska ,&nbsp;J. Louth ,&nbsp;R. Borrow ,&nbsp;C. Di Grazia ,&nbsp;C. Lapucci ,&nbsp;M. Bassetti ,&nbsp;G. Icardi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with immunodeficiency are at a higher risk of invasive meningococcal disease, but only a few studies have investigated the immunogenicity and safety of four-component recombinant meningococcal B (4CMenB) in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-center study with the aim to assess immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of two doses of 4CMenB in adults with acquired immunodeficiency: haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients, people living with HIV and patients candidates for/in treatment with biological drugs, such as monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies. The primary objective was to evaluate the immunogenicity with the following endpoints: (i) geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) defined as a ratio of post-dose 2 geometric mean titres (GMTs) to baseline pre-dose 1 GMTs; (ii) proportion of subjects with 4-fold or greater increase in human complement serum bactericidal antibody assay (hSBA) from baseline to post-dose 2 and (iii) proportion of subjects with post-dose 2 hSBA titres ≥1:4. The secondary objective was to assess the reactogenicity, tolerability and safety. The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04295733).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 65 patients were collected both blood samples and returned ≥1 safety diary. There was a significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) increase in GMTs independently of the study group and antigen with the corresponding GMFR ranging from 11.9 to 105. The proportion of subjects with hSBA titres ≥1:4 increased significantly and 89.2–98.5% of subjects were deemed seroprotected. Seroconversion rates were similarly high: 78.5–87.7%. The injection-site pain was the most common adverse event (AE). No serious AEs were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>4CMenB was immunogenic and well-tolerated in adults with immunodeficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding parental HPV vaccination decision in China through the lens of vaccine hesitancy and preference heterogeneity: a discrete choice experiment","authors":"Yunshu Lu ,&nbsp;Chengzhou Tang ,&nbsp;Sen Xu ,&nbsp;Iltaf Hussain ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Dong ,&nbsp;Jiaxu Lin ,&nbsp;Runfang Mu ,&nbsp;Xu Ren ,&nbsp;Da Feng ,&nbsp;Shunping Li ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Jie Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing cervical cancer. However, persistent vaccine hesitancy remains a major barrier to widespread HPV vaccination. In line with the WHO's global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer, China announced in September 2025 that HPV vaccination would be included in the National Immunisation Programme. Understanding how parental preferences for different HPV vaccine attributes differ according to level of vaccine hesitancy is therefore essential to inform effective communication strategies and support the successful implementation of the new national programme.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited parents of girls aged 9–14 years in mainland China who had not received the HPV vaccine. A total of 1062 participants completed a discrete choice experiment to examine parental preferences for vaccinating their children. Five vaccine attributes were evaluated: protection efficacy, duration of protection, possibility of minor side effects, vaccine's country of manufacture, and price. The HPV Vaccine Hesitancy Scale was used to measure participants' degree of vaccine hesitancy. A mixed logit model was employed to explore preference heterogeneity according to level of vaccine hesitancy among participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All vaccine attributes significantly influenced parental preferences. Protective efficacy and duration of protection were the most important attributes for both high-hesitancy and low-hesitancy parents. Preferences differed by hesitancy level: parents with higher hesitancy assigned greater weight to efficacy and duration, and showed greater preference for imported vaccines. Under the baseline scenario, the predicted uptake was 35.9%, whereas the optimal scenario, characterised by high efficacy, forever protection, low cost, minimal side effects, and domestic production, was projected to increase uptake to 99.2%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parental preference of HPV vaccine attributes varied across vaccine hesitancy groups. Optimisation of vaccine attributes, particularly protection efficacy and duration of protection, may substantially enhance acceptance, supported by effective public communication and strengthened trust in domestically produced vaccines. These findings provide evidence to inform targeted strategies for increasing HPV vaccination coverage in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy of TSA-1.C4 or in combination with BNZ confers protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection with a distinct cytokine response","authors":"Landy Magaly Pech-Pisté ,&nbsp;Victor Dzul-Huchim ,&nbsp;Christian Florian Teh-Poot ,&nbsp;Fabian Gusovsky ,&nbsp;Kathryn Jones ,&nbsp;Peter Hotez ,&nbsp;Liliana Estefanía Villanueva-Lizama ,&nbsp;Maria Elena Bottazzi ,&nbsp;Jaime Ortega-Lopez ,&nbsp;Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chagas disease is a poverty-related neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> affecting approximately 6.3 million people, predominantly in the Americas. Approximately 30% of <em>T. cruzi</em> infections progress to chronic cardiomyopathy and 10% of these cases end in death from cardiac failure. The first-line drug Benznidazole (BNZ) require a prolonged treatment regimen and can be highly toxic. Here, we evaluate a therapeutic vaccine in <em>T. cruzi</em>-infected mice, based on the recombinant Trypomastigote Surface Antigen 1 (TSA-1.C4) protein and the emulsified adjuvant E6020, and in combination with a suboptimal dose of BNZ. We observed a reduced burden parasite in blood in mice receiving either with TSA-1.C4 vaccine alone or in combination with a low dose of BNZ. TSA-1.C4-specific IgG and isotype levels were increased in all experimental groups receiving TSA-1.C4 protein treatment, confirming its immunogenicity. Mice treated with TSA-1.C4 vaccine in combination with BNZ exhibit a reduced cardiac inflammation as well as an antigen-specific IFN-γ CD4⁺ T cells with an IL-2 and IL-4 cytokine production. Even though TSA-1.C4 vaccine alone induced a cytokine response by IFN-γ and IL-10 production, only the TSA-1.C4 vaccine plus BNZ reduced cardiac inflammatory infiltrate compared to infected untreated mice. In conclusion the therapeutic vaccine with a low dose of BNZ prevent cardiac inflammation and provide a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine immune response in a murine model of acute Chagas disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child sexual abuse and adult vaccination: Opposing patterns between routine and pandemic vaccines in a Nationwide survey","authors":"Yousuke Imanishi ,&nbsp;Maria Iorini ,&nbsp;Ichiro Wada ,&nbsp;Sinchul Jwa ,&nbsp;Takahiro Tabuchi ,&nbsp;Mai Uchida","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child sexual abuse (CSA) is common and has long-term health consequences. Evidence remains limited regarding the association between CSA and adult vaccination, as well as potential effect modification by social capital and vaccine attitudes. We aimed to examine the association between childhood CSA and adult influenza and COVID 19 vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were adults aged 18–79 years in the 2023 Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS). Cases with unnatural responses and existing conditions were excluded. We defined CSA as an exposure. The primary outcome was vaccination status for influenza and COVID-19 in the past year. We examined the association between CSA and outcomes using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on a propensity score derived from socioeconomic factors. We also assessed effect modification by individual behaviors, social capital and institutional trust, and vaccine attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CSA was significantly associated with lower influenza vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.86, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and was not with COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 1.05, 95%CI 0.97–1.14, <em>p</em> = 0.23). In stratified analyses, significant interactions were observed for COVID-19 vaccination with neighborhood networks (p for interaction 0.02) and vaccine attitudes (trust in vaccine efficacy p for interaction &lt;0.001, anxiety about side effects p for interaction &lt;0.001). In subgroups with weak neighborhood networks or low trust in vaccine efficacy, CSA was associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination than no CSA.No such interactions were observed for influenza vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CSA was associated with lower influenza vaccination rates, while COVID-19 vaccination did not differ overall by CSA status but showed heterogeneity by neighborhood network and vaccine attitudes. These findings highlight the need for trauma-informed vaccination strategies tailored to vaccine type, though further research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory approaches for platform-based vaccine development in Japan: Insights from PMDA's experience with COVID-19 and RSV vaccines","authors":"Takashi Ogawa,&nbsp;Joo Sunyi,&nbsp;Kengo Kawachi,&nbsp;Jurika Murakami,&nbsp;Shun Masuta,&nbsp;Junichi Fukuchi,&nbsp;Satoshi Yoshida,&nbsp;Kenji Sawanobori,&nbsp;Yuji Matsukura","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of a “platform” in vaccine development and regulatory evaluation has emerged as a strategic framework for accelerating responses to infectious disease outbreaks. By leveraging prior knowledge and applying consistent manufacturing and analytical procedures across multiple products—such as mRNA, viral vector and recombinant protein vaccines—platform approaches enable streamlined development and efficient regulatory reviews.</div><div>This article presents a Japanese regulatory perspective on platform-based vaccine development, drawing on the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)’s experience with both emergency and routine evaluations. Through case-based analyses of COVID-19 vaccines reviewed under emergency conditions and the subsequent post-pandemic evaluation of RSV vaccines under standard timelines, we illustrate how prior knowledge and regulatory flexibility supported timely and robust reviews. These insights contribute to the global dialogue on regulatory science and offer practical considerations for future vaccine innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 128315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}