Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Triple-TLR agonists' adjuvanted inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccine promotes effective Th1/Th2 immune responses and affords protective efficacy in chickens","authors":"Abinaya Kaliappan ,&nbsp;Saravanan Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Khushboo Panwar ,&nbsp;Dumala Naveen ,&nbsp;Prasad Thomas ,&nbsp;Surya Kant Verma ,&nbsp;Mithilesh Singh ,&nbsp;Vikash Chandra ,&nbsp;Sohini Dey ,&nbsp;Madhan Mohan Chellappa","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combinations of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are being explored to alleviate systemic toxicity and achieve long-lasting desirable immune responses. In this study, we investigated the use of a triple-TLR agonists' combination (LPS, TLR4; R-848, TLR7 and CpG-ODN, TLR21) as an adjuvant with the inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine in chickens. We assessed the immune response kinetics by stimulating chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the triple agonist combination and analyzing immune-related gene expression using quantitative PCR. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis was performed in spleen samples from birds injected with the triple TLR agonists. In the immunization study, birds were vaccinated with an inactivated NDV vaccine alone or in combination with different TLR agonist mixtures (single, dual, or triple), followed by assessment of both humoral and cellular immune responses and protection against challenge. Results from immune response study showed significant upregulation of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IFN-β, iNOS and MHC-II transcripts, indicating the pro-inflammatory, anti-viral and mixed Th1/Th2 responses in triple TLR agonists' combination. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of 19 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to immune function in triple-TLR agonists signaling pathway such as pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral response. Furthermore, the immunization study demonstrated that the triple-TLR agonist combination, at a low dose exhibited no toxicity and significantly enhanced both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, leading to higher antibody titres, increased T cell activation, and complete protection against a virulent NDV challenge. These findings suggest that the triple-TLR agonists' combination could improve vaccine efficacy and provide a cost-effective approach for vaccine formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of parental readiness for childhood vaccination: experiences, information, sociodemographics and adherence","authors":"Bo T. Hansen ,&nbsp;Ingfrid Borlaug Østlie ,&nbsp;Margrethe Greve-Isdahl ,&nbsp;Rebecca Nybru Gleditsch","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High childhood vaccination coverage is critical for safeguarding public health. Sustaining high coverage requires effective infrastructure and delivery systems, as well as attention to individual decision-making, which is shaped by social, psychological and contextual factors. To optimize uptake, vaccination programmes must account for these influences and their interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To advance understanding on parental childhood vaccination readiness and to inform strategies for maintaining high uptake, we conducted a survey in August 2023 among 2077 parents in Norway whose children (aged 0–5 or 8–16 years) were age-eligible for the national Childhood Immunization Programme (CIP). We examined factors associated with childhood vaccination readiness among parents using the validated 7C model, which assesses seven psychological antecedents of vaccination and provides an overall readiness score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall parental childhood vaccination readiness was high. However, lower readiness was significantly associated with negative experiences with vaccination services, not being sufficiently informed about vaccines at the health clinic, finding vaccination less accessible, and sociodemographic factors. Moreover, reliance on official public health information sources (e.g., child health clinics, government websites) for vaccination decision-making was positively associated with readiness, while reliance on social media, YouTube, or religious institutions corresponded with lower readiness. Overall readiness was also associated with vaccination behaviors: parents who had previously declined or postponed childhood vaccinations had substantially lower vaccination readiness scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings show that experiential, informational and sociodemographic factors are associated with parents' childhood vaccination readiness. Efforts to improve communication and trust, including in parent-provider encounters, may be crucial to maintaining high and equitable coverage in childhood vaccination programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination versus antibody screening for measles immunity in health care workers","authors":"Ruby Schieferdecker ,&nbsp;Tanja Menting ,&nbsp;Annette Mankertz ,&nbsp;Sabine Santibanez ,&nbsp;Cosima Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Jürgen K. Rockstroh ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger ,&nbsp;Carolynne Schwarze-Zander","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To promote measles protection in community and health care facilities a law (Measles Protection act, MPA) came into force in Germany requiring documentation of two measles vaccinations or evidence of measles seropositivity for healthcare workers (HCW) born after 1970. The German Standing Committee on Vaccination extended this law to a recommendation of two measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccinations.</div><div>Our aim was to evaluate serology-based vaccination strategies for measles and to consider their extension to mumps and rubella.</div></div><div><h3>Subject and methods</h3><div>Between 11/2020–7/2021, MMR serostatus was assessed in 386 HCW attending the Occupational Health Service Department for pre-employment or regular occupational examinations. Sociodemographic and documented vaccination data were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, measles IgG seropositivity was 72 %. Measles IgG was found in 77 %, 74 % and 61 % of employees with no, one and two documented measles vaccinations, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Seropositivity against MMR was detected in 66 % and 58 % with no and one documented measles vaccination, respectively. Considering measles immunity only anti-measles IgG screening prior vaccination saved costs. However, considering MMR seropositivity screening prior vaccination was not cost-effective. Measurement of measles virus neutralizing potency using a quantitative focus reduction neutralization assay to measure measles virus neutralizing potency indicated immunity in persons with two documented measles vaccine doses but negative or equivocal ELISA IgG results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Measles seropositivity was below 75 % among HCW. In individuals with documentation of two measles vaccine doses ELISA tests underestimate protection, thus no serological testing is needed. Considering measles seropositivity in HCW with no or one documented measles vaccination, measles serological screening before vaccination was most cost-effective. However, aiming at MMR immunity, vaccination of HCW without serological screening was most cost-effective and offers important benefits that should not be dismissed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the predictors for the uptake of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine under the immunization programme in India","authors":"Rhythm Hora ,&nbsp;Arindam Ray ,&nbsp;Amrita Kumari ,&nbsp;Mili Dutta ,&nbsp;Rashmi Mehra ,&nbsp;Amanjot Kaur ,&nbsp;Syed F. Quadri ,&nbsp;Seema Singh Koshal ,&nbsp;Shyam Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Abida Sultana ,&nbsp;Arup Deb Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Maternal immunization (MI) has evolved over the past decade, protecting both mother and offspring from infectious diseases. In India, only one vaccine, tetanus toxoid (TT)/ tetanus and diphtheria (Td), is available under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) for pregnant women. However, the basket of MI can be expanded by introducing additional maternal vaccines such as the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine in the immunization schedule. Therefore, the study aims to explore the potential predictors for the uptake of the RSV vaccine under UIP.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>For the study, relevant data was extracted from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted during 2019–21. A cross-sectional sample of women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the past 5 years was analyzed. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed to assess the predictors for pregnant women's interaction with healthcare workers (HCWs) during 3rd trimester of pregnancy using Stata 17 software. This measure was used as a proxy to gauge the existing maternal health delivery platform for new vaccine introductions, like RSV, administered during the third trimester.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Information from 174,483 women was included in the study. Of them, 59.3 % went for four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits, and a significant proportion (83.8 %) received tetanus injections. The number of antenatal care visits and tetanus injections during pregnancy emerged as strong predictors, with higher ANC visit frequencies with increased odds of meeting with healthcare workers (HCWs) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Further, younger age (20–24 years), middle wealth index group, and residence in rural areas were identified as positive predictors while higher levels of education emerged as a negative predictor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the importance of ANC visits and tetanus vaccine uptake in engaging pregnant women with HCWs during the third trimester. These factors indicate readiness for potential interventions and suggest leveraging ANC visits for introducing RSV, a new maternal immunization vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term protection and response to a booster dose after primary hepatitis B vaccination in people under pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection","authors":"Angelo Roberto Raccagni ,&nbsp;Giulia Morsica ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Reali ,&nbsp;Riccardo Lolatto ,&nbsp;Costanza Bertoni ,&nbsp;Hamid Hasson ,&nbsp;Alessia Siribelli ,&nbsp;Elena Bruzzesi ,&nbsp;Flavia Passini ,&nbsp;Diana Canetti ,&nbsp;Antonella Castagna ,&nbsp;Silvia Nozza","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination was introduced in Italy in 1991. However, the long-term durability of vaccine-induced protection remains under debate, particularly among high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study aimed to assess HBV seroprotection and the immune response to a booster vaccine nearly 30 years after infant immunization among MSM-PrEP users.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>This retrospective study included Italian MSM using PrEP under 35 years of age in Milan, Italy, between 2017 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HBV serological status was determined at the start of PrEP. Participants with HBsAb levels below 10 mIU/mL were offered a booster dose. Statistical analyses were performed to compare demographic and clinical variables according to seroprotection status and booster response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, among 447 MSM using PrEP, 271 (60.6 %) had HBsAb levels ≥10 mIU/mL, while 176 (39.4 %) &lt;10 mIU/mL at the start of PrEP. Seroprotection was more prevalent among older participants (<em>p</em> = 0.014) and those with higher AST levels (<em>p</em> = 0.019). Of the 55/176 participants who received a booster, 38 (69.1 %) developed protective HBsAb levels. Pre-booster HBsAb levels between 2 and 9.9 mIU/mL were associated with a better booster response (<em>p</em> = 0.032).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Almost 40 % of MSM using PrEP lacked protective HBsAb three decades after primary HBV vaccination, and around one-third of booster recipients failed to respond. Due to the high-risk nature of this group, systematic HBsAb screening and booster administration are recommended to ensure adequate protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social lives of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A qualitative study of vaccine understandings and decision-making among people of Black ethnicities in London, UK","authors":"Emily Jay Nicholls ,&nbsp;Denis Onyango ,&nbsp;Vladimir Kolodin ,&nbsp;Zoë Ottaway ,&nbsp;Abi Carter ,&nbsp;Lucy Campbell ,&nbsp;Frank Post ,&nbsp;Shema Tariq","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, people of Black African and Black Caribbean ethnicities were among the groups most likely to acquire COVID-19, and to develop serious infection, but were also the least likely to have received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Our aim was to explore SARS-CoV-2 vaccine understandings and decision-making among people of Black ethnicities in order to understand the complex drivers of vaccination disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted six online and face-to-face focus group discussions with thirty-six participants of Black ethnicities in London, UK. Topic guides were developed with our community partners and covered impact on daily lives, experiences of COVID-19, knowledge and beliefs (including about prevention measures), and healthcare seeking behaviour and perceptions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants described how their relationships with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were entangled with their belonging to religious communities; how painful histories of medical experimentation on Black people had reemerged in the context of concerns regarding vaccine safety; and how present realities of medical racism and global vaccine inequity shaped their understandings of the vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our account problematises “vaccine hesitancy” and the hegemonic belief that this is a direct consequence of a lack of knowledge or education. Instead, by engaging with “social lives” of the SARS-Cov-2 vaccines, we trace the rich meanings ascribed to vaccination, and complex and active negotiations around vaccination, among participants. Public health practitioners and policymakers should move beyond conceptualising vaccine hesitancy as irrational or ill informed, and instead acknowledge how such decisions are situated within a wider social, historical and political landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using machine learning models to predict vaccine hesitancy: a showcase of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural populations during the pandemic","authors":"Yang Ge ,&nbsp;Abeera Zahid ,&nbsp;Rishitha Kuchur ,&nbsp;Leonardo Martinez ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Sermin Aras ,&nbsp;Pooja Raynee ,&nbsp;Aimee Dike ,&nbsp;Cali Navarro ,&nbsp;Chelsey Lawrick ,&nbsp;Tammy Greer ,&nbsp;Felix Twum ,&nbsp;Ye Shen ,&nbsp;June Gipson ,&nbsp;Jennifer Lemacks","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding vaccine hesitancy is a critical public health challenge, yet traditional statistical methods often fail to capture the complex drivers behind it. This study uses COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a rural population as a case study to demonstrate a more powerful and interpretable machine learning workflow. We compared seven models and found that non-linear approaches significantly outperformed logistic regression in predictive accuracy. Interpretation of the best-performing model identified vaccine safety perceptions as the most important predictor. This approach revealed nuanced, non-linear relationships with feature importance and partial dependence plots. This work serves as a practical guide for researchers, showing how a machine learning framework provides not only more accurate predictions but also a richer, more actionable understanding of complex human behaviors to better inform public policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid nanoparticle encapsulated membrane-anchored E2 mRNA vaccine elicits cross-protective immune responses against bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in calves","authors":"Ting Le ,&nbsp;Bin Jia ,&nbsp;Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Yongfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yinglin Qi ,&nbsp;Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Haiqiao Bian ,&nbsp;Chongyu Tian ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Xue ,&nbsp;Yuanmao Zhu ,&nbsp;Jitao Chang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Luan ,&nbsp;Zexin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhendong Li ,&nbsp;Wanbo Tai ,&nbsp;Zhigang Jiang ,&nbsp;Xin Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) imposes significant economic burdens and biosecurity risks on the global animal trade and biological product industries. Addressing the challenges posed by the virus's complex subgenotypes requires the development of cross-protective vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of two lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-LNP) vaccines: a full-length, membrane-anchored E2 (mE2) mRNA-LNP vaccine and a secretory, truncated E2 (tE2) mRNA-LNP vaccine, in both mice and calves. mE2 and tE2 mRNA-LNP induced robust E2-specific IgG antibodies and neutralising antibodies in mice. Neutralising antibody data further demonstrated that the mE2 mRNA-LNP exhibited superior immunogenicity compared with the tE2 mRNA-LNP in calves. Notably, administering two doses of the 100 μg mE2 mRNA-LNP effectively protected calves against BVDV challenge. Furthermore, the mE2 mRNA-LNP elicited robust cross-neutralising antibodies against multiple BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains for up to six months and induced promising cross-reactive cellular immune responses. The safety of mE2 mRNA-LNP was confirmed through the administration of two high doses (500 μg) in calves without adverse effects. Importantly, the rate of BVDV infection within the mE2 mRNA-LNP-vaccinated herd declined significantly, demonstrating that this vaccine effectively reduces BVDV transmission in field. In conclusion, this study comprehensively highlights the safety, efficacy, and broad cross-immune responses of the mE2 mRNA-LNP vaccine platform for preventing and controlling BVDV in calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and safety at twelve months of fractional and standard BNT162b2 booster doses in adults primed with ChAdOx1-S, BBIBP-CorV, or Gam-COVID-Vac in Mongolia: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Tsetsegsaikhan Batmunkh ,&nbsp;Eleanor F.G. Neal ,&nbsp;Otgonjargal Amraa ,&nbsp;Nadia Mazarakis ,&nbsp;Bolor Altangerel ,&nbsp;Naranbaatar Avaa ,&nbsp;Lkhagvagaram Batbayar ,&nbsp;Khishigjargal Batsukh ,&nbsp;Kathryn Bright ,&nbsp;Tsogjargal Burentogtokh ,&nbsp;Lien Anh Ha Do ,&nbsp;Gantuya Dorj ,&nbsp;John D. Hart ,&nbsp;Otgonbold Jamiyandorj ,&nbsp;Khulan Javkhlantugs ,&nbsp;Sarantsetseg Jigjidsuren ,&nbsp;Frances Justice ,&nbsp;Shuo Li ,&nbsp;Khaliunaa Mashbaatar ,&nbsp;Kerryn A. Moore ,&nbsp;Kim Mulholland","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>COVID-19 vaccine booster doses counteract waning immunity and vaccine escape by emerging variants. We evaluated long-term immunogenicity and safety of fractional and standard BNT162b2 vaccine booster doses in Mongolia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial, adults primed with two doses of ChAdOx1-S, BBIBP-CorV, or Gam-COVID-Vac were randomised (1:1) to receive a 15 μg (fractional dose) or 30 μg (standard dose) BNT162b2 booster. Geometric mean ratios (GMR) of IgG and surrogate virus neutralising test (sVNT) levels (Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.1) were compared over 12 months. SARS-CoV-2 infections, and adverse and serious adverse events (SAEs), were documented. <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> Identifier: <span><span>NCT05265065</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 601 participants randomised between May 27th and September 30th, 2022, 2 (0.3 %) were lost to follow-up and 19 (3.2 %) withdrew by 12 months. IgG levels declined from 28 days to six months, stabilising thereafter. At 12 months, IgG levels were lower in the fractional compared with the standard arm for ChAdOx1-S primed participants (GMR 0.78 [95 % CI 0.63–0.96], <em>p</em> = 0.017). At six and 12 months, the median sVNT inhibition percentages were comparable by study arm and priming strata. Documented SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in 25 participants (fractional dose arm <em>n</em> = 12; standard dose arm <em>n</em> = 13). From 28 days, 228 undocumented infections (≥ 1.2-fold IgG increase) occurred (fractional arm <em>n</em> = 112; standard arm <em>n</em> = 116). SAEs (<em>n</em> = 41) were balanced between arms, with no severe vaccine-related AEs or SAEs reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>15 μg and 30 μg BNT162b2 boosters demonstrated comparable immunogenicity and favourable safety. 15 μg BNT162b2 booster doses may improve vaccine acceptability due to lower reactogenicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effectiveness of interventions to increase uptake of measles vaccination among healthcare workers: a systematic review","authors":"Nikki Heinze ,&nbsp;Alex F. Martin ,&nbsp;Anna S.C. Tirion ,&nbsp;Riinu Pae ,&nbsp;Jasmin Islam ,&nbsp;Louise E. Smith ,&nbsp;Dale Weston ,&nbsp;G. James Rubin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Healthcare workers (HCW) have an increased risk of measles relative to the general population. Yet, immunity and vaccination rates among this group remain suboptimal. Inaccessible vaccination services, complacency, and a lack of confidence in vaccines can drive vaccine hesitancy among HCW and in the general population. This systematic review aimed to explore the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase measles vaccination among HCW. Due to the similarity in the factors that impact vaccine hesitancy, the scope of this review was extended to interventions assessed in non-HCW adults from whom valuable lessons may be learnt.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted (PROSPERO: CRD42024582349). Embase, Medline, Global Health, APA PsycINFO, HMIC Health management, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and trial registers (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, ISRCTN, ICTRP) were searched up to 17 March 2025. Articles reporting vaccine uptake or comparing vaccination rates among HCW or adults following an intervention were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 13,457 academic and 585 trial register records, seven articles relating to HCW and eight to non-HCW adults were included. Twelve of the 15 included studies were observational and only two reported inferential statistics for the outcomes of interest. Risk of bias was high for all but one article, which scored fair. Active identification and invitation to vaccination were the most common interventions for HCW and adults. In both populations, this strategy showed some success, but, due to the observational and descriptive nature of most studies, no firm conclusions can be drawn. Moreover, few studies included educational and policy interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High-quality research is needed to develop our understanding of the effectiveness of different interventions. This will help healthcare providers and policymakers identify appropriate interventions to increase measles vaccination among HCW and, thus, reduce their risk of infection and contain outbreaks in healthcare facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 127808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}