Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Strategies, interventions, and uptake of catch-up vaccination among adolescent and adult migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review","authors":"Darlington David Faijue , Oumnia Bouaddi , Kathryn Mackey , Anna Deal , Erva Nur Cinar , Beatriz Morais , Sainabou Bojang , Isra Al-Sharabi , Holly Seale , Agnes Ssali , Kirsty Le Doare , Sally Hargreaves","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Catch-up vaccination helps close immunity gaps among migrants, refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite immunisation life-course policies and global guidelines promoting catch-up vaccination of arriving migrants, vaccination strategies for adolescent and adult populations are poorly described. We synthesised evidence on catch-up vaccination strategies and interventions, delivery platforms, uptake and coverage, and contextual barriers and enablers in LMICs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science and grey literature sources (including websites of international and national public health organisations and agencies) for primary studies and reports on catch-up vaccination strategies and interventions, delivery platforms, uptake and coverage, and contextual barriers and enablers targeting adolescents (9–18 years) and, or adults (≥19 years) in migrants (foreign-born, including refugees) and internally displaced people (IDPs; displaced within national borders) across 136 LMICs, (from January 1st 2000 to February 1st 2025; all languages). Study quality was accessed using ROBINS-I, CASP, AACODS and, AGREE II tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-seven records met the inclusion criteria (13 peer-reviewed, 24 grey literature), reporting catch-up vaccination activities across 16 LMICs. Most studies were conducted in Uganda (<em>n</em> = 6), Bangladesh (<em>n</em> = 4), Lebanon (<em>n</em> = 3), and Kenya (<em>n</em> = 3). Interventions reached ≥48,000 migrants, refugees, and IDPs (primarily Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh during COVID-19 catch-up campaigns). Populations targeted included mostly refugees (<em>n</em> = 16 studies; 43.2%), general migrants (<em>n</em> = 14; 37.8%), and IDPs (<em>n</em> = 5; 13.5%), with a smaller number involving mixed or other migrant groups (n = 4; 10.8%). The most frequently delivered vaccines were measles-rubella (<em>n</em> = 12; 32.4%), COVID-19 primary-series catch-up (<em>n</em> = 9; 24.3%), HPV (<em>n</em> = 6; 16.2%), polio OPV/IPV (<em>n</em> = 5; 13.5%), and Hepatitis B (n = 3; 8.1%). Catch-up vaccine delivery most commonly occurred through primary care via opportunistic offers (<em>n</em> = 11) and mobile/outreach delivery (n = 11), with additional implementation in fixed posts in camps/settlements (<em>n</em> = 7), supplemental immunisation activities (SIAs) (n = 6), school-linked delivery (n = 5), and hospital/outpatient opportunistic vaccination (<em>n</em> = 4). High uptake (≥85%) was reported where access barriers were minimised (e.g., walk-in availability, extended hours) was paired with community or peer engagement and simple recall systems (SMS or e-booking). Reported barriers included documentation/entitlement checks, language barriers, and fragmented or non-interoperable vaccination records.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Migrants","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of HPV single-dose vaccination in expanding access in GAVI-supported countries during a period of supply constraints","authors":"Robyn Stuart ,&nbsp;Nicolas Theopold ,&nbsp;Naomi Miall ,&nbsp;Emily Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Sara Vernam ,&nbsp;Tanjila Taskin ,&nbsp;Peter M. Dull","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Over 2023 and 2024, 19 of the countries that were supported by Gavi to purchase HPV vaccines adopted a single-dose HPV vaccination schedule. The goal of this study is to estimate the impact on vaccination access and the number of cervical cancers averted compared to a two-dose schedule.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We estimated the population that could be targeted in countries supported by Gavi to purchase HPV vaccines. We used UNICEF shipment plans to identify the number of HPV doses shipped to each country in 2023 and 2024, plus information supplied by Gavi on the dose schedule implemented in each country and year, adjusting for vaccine wastage. We computed the number of girls that could have been reached, first assuming complete utilization of all shipped doses under a single-dose schedule, and second assuming a counterfactual scenario where all countries would have used a 2-dose schedule. We then compared this to country-reported data on the number of girls actually vaccinated. For each of the three scenarios we modeled the number of cervical cancers averted using HPVsim, a microsimulation model calibrated to each country.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We calculate that the introduction of single-dose HPV vaccination in Gavi-supported countries would have allowed these countries to target 23.3M additional girls if all supply was utilized. Reported data on girls vaccinated indicates that in actuality an additional 18.5M girls were reached due to adoption of single-dose. We estimate that the use of single-dose schedule in 2023 and 2024 could have averted up to 370,000 (356,000–376,000) additional future cervical cancers if all supply had been utilized, and 297,000 (222,000–369,000) given actual utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The single-dose HPV vaccination strategy has had a substantial positive impact on cervical cancer elimination in context of supply constraints affecting low and middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the use of vaccine impact modeling for immunization decisions in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"So Yoon Sim ,&nbsp;Sheetal Silal ,&nbsp;Raymond CW Hutubessy ,&nbsp;Naor Bar-Zeev ,&nbsp;Katherine L O'Brien ,&nbsp;Philipp Lambach","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult and maternal pertussis vaccination in China: intention, preferences, and pricing implications from a discrete choice experiment","authors":"Bo Wu ,&nbsp;Tao Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Kezhong A ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Ying ,&nbsp;Chaowei Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess pertussis vaccination intentions and identify key vaccine attribute preferences among Chinese adolescents, adults and pregnant women to inform future pertussis immunisation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional survey using multistage stratified cluster random sampling across five provinces selected to capture geographic and socioeconomic diversity in China. Participants included adolescents aged 15–17 years, adults, and pregnant women. Prior to the DCE component, all respondents received a brief, standardised description of pertussis and pertussis vaccination to ensure a minimum level of understanding. Correlates of intention were examined using multivariable logistic regression and causal mediation analysis. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) varied efficacy, adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), duration, origin and cost, with willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimated via mixed logit models. Subgroup heterogeneity was assessed by demographic and cognitive characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Respondents expressed generally high vaccination intention. Among adolescents and adults, larger household size was associated with higher intention; among pregnant women, primiparity was associated with lower intention. Pertussis knowledge partially mediated the education–intention association. In the DCE, all attributes except duration influenced choices, with efficacy the dominant driver; lower AEFI risk, domestically produced vaccines, and lower cost increased preference. Pregnant women showed higher WTP than adults. Preferences varied across demographic and cognitive subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Respondents showed sizeable intention and consistent preferences for efficacy, safety and affordability, especially for domestically produced vaccines, informing programme design through targeted risk communication, willingness-to-pay–aligned pricing and integration within antenatal services to support real-world uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of full immunization among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2013–2025)","authors":"Tafadzwa Dzinamarira ,&nbsp;Oscar Mano ,&nbsp;Godfrey Musuka ,&nbsp;Roda Madziva ,&nbsp;Noah Mataruse ,&nbsp;Elliot Mbunge ,&nbsp;Sphamandla Josias Nkambule ,&nbsp;Enos Moyo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite global progress in childhood immunization, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to report suboptimal coverage and high under-five mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence and determinants of full immunization among children under five in SSA between 2013 and 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched six electronic databases for studies published between January 2013 and May 2025 that reported the prevalence and/or determinants of full immunization in SSA. Eligible studies were original, peer-reviewed quantitative research. Data were analysed using random-effects meta-analysis, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses conducted to explore heterogeneity. Determinants were synthesised using pooled odds ratios (ORs) where applicable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one studies comprising 299,898 children were included. The pooled prevalence of full immunization was 51% (95% CI: 45%–58%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 100%). Prevalence varied widely across studies from 6% to 96%. Subgroup analyses revealed lower coverage in recent years and in studies with larger sample sizes. Key positive determinants of full immunization included maternal education (OR = 2.70), paternal education (OR = 2.48), antenatal care attendance (OR = 0.23 for non-attendance), institutional delivery (OR = 2.99), and household wealth (OR = 2.45). Children in rural areas (OR = 0.55) and those with mothers of higher parity (OR = 0.67) were less likely to be fully immunised.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Full immunization coverage in SSA remains well below global targets, with wide disparities by country, socioeconomic status, and maternal healthcare utilization. Strengthening maternal health services, improving education, and addressing health system barriers are critical to improving coverage and reducing preventable child deaths in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Longitudinal monitoring of cellular immunity by the ex vivo activation of genes in leukocytes (EAGL) assay highlights potential markers of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against breakthrough symptoms” [Vaccine 68 (2025) 127942]","authors":"Taro Saito ,&nbsp;Arnaud Couzinet ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Suzuki ,&nbsp;Manami Shimomura ,&nbsp;Akihide Ryo ,&nbsp;Kei Miyakawa ,&nbsp;Yuki Katayama ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Nakatsura","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacy access and shingles vaccinations in the US: a propensity score matching analysis","authors":"Rachel Wittenauer ,&nbsp;Parth D. Shah ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Bacci ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Mooney ,&nbsp;Andy Stergachis","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Importance</h3><div>Community pharmacists provide many important healthcare services, including routine adult vaccinations. However, an estimated 15.8 million people in the US live in pharmacy deserts and may lack access to these services. The relationship between pharmacy deserts and adult vaccine receipt has yet to be thoroughly explored empirically.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the relationship between census tract-level pharmacy access and shingles vaccination receipt.</div></div><div><h3>Design, setting, and participants</h3><div>This propensity score matched analysis used 2022 vaccination data from seven collaborating State Departments of Health: Colorado, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Nevada, Oklahoma, Washington, and Wisconsin. Census tracts in those states were classified based on their access to community pharmacies in April 2022. The dataset for analysis contained 9652 census tracts representing 13.7 million adults aged 50+ years.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Our primary exposure was whether a census tract was a “pharmacy desert”, defined as being both low-income and having low geographic access to pharmacies. Our secondary exposure was whether a tract had low geographic access to pharmacies regardless of income status of that tract.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcomes</h3><div>The primary outcome was completed shingles vaccinations per 1000 population age 50+ years in 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pharmacy deserts had 0.4 fewer shingles vaccinations per 1000 population (<em>p</em> = 0.83; 95% CI -3.8, 3.6) compared to matched non-pharmacy-desert tracts. Our secondary analysis indicated that low-access tracts had 2.4 fewer vaccinations per 1000 population (<em>p</em> = 0.004, 95% CI: −3.9, −0.7).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low pharmacy access is associated with lower rates of shingles vaccination. The definition of pharmacy desert that includes a low-income criterion may not add further precision in identifying areas with inadequate access to pharmacy-based vaccinations. Efforts at the state and national levels to prevent pharmacy closures and support pharmacists in delivering care may improve access to important pharmacy services such as vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the shot: A framework of individual and external influences on U.S. young adults' COVID-19 vaccination decisions derived from thematic analysis","authors":"Hyeouk Chris Hahm ,&nbsp;Michael Tang ,&nbsp;Logan Lupaczyk ,&nbsp;Jinwon Lee ,&nbsp;Yahni Lapa ,&nbsp;Joyce Lam ,&nbsp;Uyen-Sa D.T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Yvette C. Cozier","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding vaccine decision-making among young adults is critical for shaping effective public health responses during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study investigates two key questions: (1) What are the reasons young adults choose to be vaccinated or remain unvaccinated against COVID-19? (2) What distinct attitudinal groups emerge based on these reasons? This cross-sectional online study assessed 1863 unique open-ended free-text responses provided by 1863 U.S. young adults between February 14 and June 15, 2022. The data originated from the COVID-19 Adult Resilience Experiences Study (CARES). Participants reported their vaccination status and then shared free-text explanations of their decision. Thematic analysis led to the development of the “COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes Among Young Adults” model, illustrating how vaccination decisions were shaped by the dynamic interplay of individual and contextual factors. At the individual level, pro-vaccination, vaccine-hesitant, and anti-vaccination attitudes emerged. Pro-vaccination individuals emphasized motivations such as protecting health, trusting in science and institutions, and having a sense of collective responsibility. Vaccine-hesitant respondents were marked by uncertainty, including a fear of unknown risks and decision paralysis. Anti-vaccination individuals expressed distrust in governmental and scientific authorities, had a strong emphasis on personal autonomy, and expressed beliefs rooted in spiritual, naturalistic, or fatalistic frameworks. Beyond the individual level, three contextual influences shaped attitudes: government policies and mandates, social influence from other people around them, and vaccine accessibility. A key distinction across these groups was between collectivistic and individualistic motivations. Vaccine-hesitant individuals were characterized by ambivalence. COVID-19 vaccination attitudes among U.S. young adults reflect a complex intersection of personal beliefs and social context. Understanding these patterns can inform more nuanced public health strategies and communication efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal mice immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine","authors":"Leda Lotspeich-Cole ,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar Jha ,&nbsp;Swetha Parvathaneni ,&nbsp;Robert C. Lee ,&nbsp;Drew Weissman ,&nbsp;Marian Major ,&nbsp;Mustafa Akkoyunlu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A vaccine based on an mRNA platform was first licensed for human use during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in neonates is insufficient and the vaccines were only authorized for those over six months of age. Here, we compared the antibody responses induced by both recombinant receptor binding domain (rRBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RBD) and mRNA encoded RBD (RBD-mRNA-LNP) forms in neonatal mice. When administered twice three weeks apart, both forms induced detectable anti-RBD antibodies. However, levels of IgG antibodies against RBD were significantly higher with more potent inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 in neonatal mice immunized with RBD-mRNA-LNP vaccine compared to those immunized with rRBD vaccine adjuvanted with AddaVax™, a squalene-based adjuvant. Thus, the mRNA vaccine platform elicits higher levels of antibodies with improved functional capability in neonatal mice compared to the recombinant protein platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective properties of a candidate C-terminal domain OspA vaccine for prevention of Lyme disease","authors":"Monica E. Embers ,&nbsp;Nicole R. Hasenkampf ,&nbsp;Amanda C. Tardo ,&nbsp;Yekaterina Timofeyeva ,&nbsp;Sabine Wellnitz ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Alexey Gribenko ,&nbsp;Jeong-Jin Park ,&nbsp;Alexandre Esadze ,&nbsp;Sirena Tran ,&nbsp;Jun Sun ,&nbsp;Jill Dane ,&nbsp;Donna Giordano-Schmidt ,&nbsp;Guy Singh ,&nbsp;Michelle Gaylord ,&nbsp;Danielle Baranova ,&nbsp;Andreas Meinke ,&nbsp;Urban Lundberg ,&nbsp;Romana Hochreiter ,&nbsp;Sandra Jost ,&nbsp;Raphael Simon","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lyme disease is a growing public health concern that is geographically focused in regions where ticks that carry the causative bacteria, <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sensu lato (s.l.), are endemic. Outer surface protein A (OspA) is expressed by <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. spirochetes during the tick phase and OspA antibodies introduced during tick feeding can block transmission and prevent <em>B. burgdorferi</em> infection. Candidate Lyme disease vaccine VLA15 is comprised of the C-terminal domains of the six <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. OspA serotypes (ST) prevalent in North America and Europe. We report herein that non-human primates immunized with VLA15 were protected against challenge with <em>Ixodes scapularis</em> ticks bearing <em>B. burgdorferi</em> sensu stricto (s.s.) (OspA ST1). Levels of residual <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.s. tick colonization were reduced in ticks that fed on VLA15-immunized primates compared to those immunized with full length-OspA ST1 (FL-OspA) at a point when OspA-binding IgG levels were similar. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies targeting the C-terminal half of OspA, elicited by FL-OspA immunization in primates, were more effective at complement-mediated bactericidal killing <em>in vitro</em> and clearance of spirochetes in ticks versus those directed against other parts of the protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}