Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Adverse events among early caregivers' COVID-19 vaccination correlated inversely with intention to vaccinate their children","authors":"R.D. Goldman ,&nbsp;R.J. Hart ,&nbsp;J.N. Bone ,&nbsp;M. Seiler ,&nbsp;P.G. Olson ,&nbsp;K. Keitel ,&nbsp;S. Manzano ,&nbsp;G. Gualco ,&nbsp;D. Krupik ,&nbsp;S. Schroter ,&nbsp;R.M. Weigert ,&nbsp;S. Chung ,&nbsp;G.C. Thompson ,&nbsp;N. Muhammad ,&nbsp;P. Shah ,&nbsp;N.O. Gaucher ,&nbsp;M.M. Lunoe ,&nbsp;M. Evers ,&nbsp;C. Pharisa Rochat ,&nbsp;C.E. Nelson ,&nbsp;S.H. Baumer-Mouradian","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Vaccine hesitancy increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated if manifestation of adverse events when caregivers received their vaccine was associated with their willingness to vaccinate their children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter, cross-sectional, multi-lingual survey of caregivers presenting to 19 pediatric Emergency Departments in the USA, Canada, Israel, and Switzerland early during the early stage of the pandemic, before vaccines for children were available. We asked caregivers if they were vaccinated against COVID-19, to report any side effects and if they would give vaccine to their child. We categorized all reported side effects and report the most common ones. We report willingness to vaccinate based on child's age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 4261 caregivers, mean caregiver age was 38.3 years, 2893 (68.3 %) mothers, 3108 (73.3 %) greater than high school education. 43.6 % reported side effects, 35.7 % reported no side effects and 20.7 % were unvaccinated. The lowest rate of caregivers planning to vaccinate their children was the unvaccinated (6.9 %) and the highest was among caregivers who did not report any side effects (74.4 %). Caregivers with no reported side effects after vaccination were more likely to vaccinate their children compared to those that had some side effects (aOR of 1.34, 1.52 and 2.14 for ages &lt;5, 5–11 and ≥12 years, respectively). Reporting general illness/feeling unwell, experiencing weakness, and breathing difficulty were associated with caregivers unlikely to plan to vaccinate their children. The OR to vaccinate children for each additional side effect was 0.86, 95 %CI = 0.78–0.95, <em>p</em> = 0.004, representing a decrease of 14 % in the odds of planning to vaccinate for each additional side effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Side effects experienced by caregivers are associated with their intention to vaccinate their children. Building of trust in vaccines, including communicating risks and benefits in the context of caregiver's experience, is important and may help enhance rate of vaccination of children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of objective concentrations of DNA impurities in mRNA vaccines","authors":"Stefanie Kaiser ,&nbsp;Steffen Kaiser ,&nbsp;Jenny Reis ,&nbsp;Rolf Marschalek","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the benefits and advantages of mRNA technologies in combination with lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems for vaccine development, revolutionizing the field. Vaccine mRNA synthesis by in vitro transcription (IVT) is a cell-free process to produce plasmid-encoded mRNA by recombinant RNA polymerase activity. During mRNA vaccine manufacturing, the linearized plasmid DNA serving as template for IVT of vaccine mRNA, is enzymatically hydrolysed resulting in short digestion products that are removed, and residual amounts of template DNA remain as impurities in the vaccine product. These residual plasmid DNA quantities are defined as process- and product-related impurities and were subject of several discussions on various social media platforms. A recent study claimed to provide evidence for DNA impurities in mRNA vaccines exceeding permissible DNA concentrations by up to 534-fold. Due to the potential risk exceeding amounts of foreign DNA could pose for the safety of vaccinees as a consequence of an innate immune response, we set out to investigate the claims presented in this publication by attempting to reproduce the published data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied various methods including Qubit fluorimetric quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to accurately quantify RNA and DNA concentrations in several individual mRNA vaccine vials.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results reproducibly confirm DNA:RNA mass ratios of 1:1000 which is consistent with the specifications of the approved mRNA vaccine product. We demonstrate that earlier published claims of 534-fold higher amounts of DNA impurities in vaccine mRNA products are not correct and a consequence of extraordinary high RNA and lipid concentrations. According to our data, gathered by applying different, orthogonal methods, we provide evidence that the concentration of product-related DNA impurities in both approved mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (<em>Comirnaty</em>) and mRNA-1273 (<em>Spikevax)</em> coincide with the approved mRNA specifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head-to-head immunogenicity comparison of one-dose Cecolin and Gardasil in Chinese girls aged 9–14 years: A randomized and open-label clinical trial","authors":"Fangqin Xie ,&nbsp;Kaili Du ,&nbsp;Junrong Li ,&nbsp;Sumei Zhong ,&nbsp;Chun Fan ,&nbsp;Zhaofeng Bi ,&nbsp;Qiufen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiandong Chen ,&nbsp;Shanshan Ma ,&nbsp;Dongjuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The World Health Organization (WHO) urges global administration of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine, particularly for girls aged 9–14, to work towards the elimination of cervical cancer. However, data on the efficacy of a single dose of Cecolin®, a bivalent HPV vaccine, remain quite limited. Therefore, it is crucial to design studies investigating the protective effects of a single dose of Cecolin® in Chinese girls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The randomized clinical trial began on February 23, 2023 (<span><span>NCT06345885</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). 198 Chinese girls aged 9–14 received a single dose of Cecolin® or Gardasil®. Seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) for HPV16 and HPV18 were assessed at one and two months post-vaccination. Non-inferiority was declared if the lower limit of the 95 % confidence interval (CI) exceeded −5 %. Safety of vaccine was evaluated in all vaccinated participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At one month post-vaccination, both the Cecolin® and Gardasil® groups achieved 100 % seroconversion for HPV16 antibodies. The seroconversion rates for HPV18 were 97.9 % (95 % CI: 92.5 %, 99.7 %) in the Cecolin® group and 95.6 % (95 % CI: 89.1 %, 98.8 %) in the Gardasil® group. The GMTs in the Cecolin® group were significantly higher than those in the Gardasil® group for both HPV types, with GMT ratios of 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) for HPV16 and 2.84 (2.0, 4.1) for HPV18. The seroconversion rates and GMT ratios one month after a single dose of Cecolin® were non-inferior to those of Gardasil®, with results remaining consistent at two months. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups throughout the study, with no statistically significant differences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The immunogenicity and safety of a single dose of Cecolin® in Chinese girls aged 9–14 years were comparable to those of Gardasil. These findings support the use of single-dose Cecolin® to enhance HPV vaccination coverage for cervical cancer prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating foamy macrophages and other features of bacillus Calmette-Guérin challenge in Golden Syrian hamsters","authors":"E.J. Putz ,&nbsp;C.B. Andreasen ,&nbsp;J.A. Stasko ,&nbsp;C. Hamond ,&nbsp;S.C. Olsen ,&nbsp;J.E. Nally ,&nbsp;M.V. Palmer","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Golden Syrian Hamsters are utilized as rodent research models for various bacterial diseases. They are highly susceptible to leptospirosis, making hamsters the most common model for testing and maintaining virulence of laboratory <em>Leptospira</em> strains as well as for bacterin vaccine efficiency testing. Hamsters are also used for modeling features of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) and tuberculosis, as they consistently develop granulomas, differing from other BCG animal models. Circulating foamy macrophages have recently been identified in the blood of the hamsters following <em>Leptospira</em> challenge but not in controls. It has been unknown whether this phenomenon is specific to <em>Leptospira</em>/hamster interactions, or whether hamsters will produce circulating foamy macrophages in response to other bacterial infections. In this study, we established that hamsters develop circulating foamy macrophages when challenged intraperitoneally with BCG or <em>Leptospira</em>. In addition to circulating foamy macrophages, hamsters infected with BCG had widespread granuloma formation in major organs and injection sites which also contained resident foamy macrophages, as well as mineralized bodies, sometimes containing acid fast bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting immune protection against outcomes of infectious disease from population-level effectiveness data with application to COVID-19","authors":"Tianxiao Hao ,&nbsp;Gerard E. Ryan ,&nbsp;Michael J. Lydeamore ,&nbsp;Deborah Cromer ,&nbsp;James G. Wood ,&nbsp;Jodie McVernon ,&nbsp;James M. McCaw ,&nbsp;Freya M. Shearer ,&nbsp;Nick Golding","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying the extent to which previous infections and vaccinations confer protection against future infection or disease outcomes is critical to managing the transmission and consequences of infectious diseases.</div><div>We present a general statistical model for predicting the strength of protection conferred by different immunising exposures (numbers, types, and strains of both vaccines and infections), against multiple outcomes of interest, whilst accounting for immune waning. We predict immune protection against key clinical outcomes: developing symptoms, hospitalisation, and death. We also predict transmission-related outcomes: acquisition of infection and onward transmission in breakthrough infections. These enable quantification of the impact of immunity on population-level transmission dynamics. Our model calibrates the level of immune protection, drawing on both population-level data, such as vaccine effectiveness estimates, and neutralising antibody levels as a correlate of protection. This enables the model to learn realised immunity levels beyond those which can be predicted by antibody kinetics or other correlates alone.</div><div>We demonstrate an application of the model for SARS-CoV-2, and predict the individual-level protective effectiveness conferred by natural infections with the Delta and the Omicron B.1.1.529 variants, and by the BioNTech-Pfizer (BNT162b2), Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1), and 3rd-dose mRNA booster vaccines, against outcomes for both Delta and Omicron. We also demonstrate a use case of the model in late 2021 during the emergence of Omicron, showing how the model can be rapidly updated with emerging epidemiological data on multiple variants in the same population, to infer key immunogenicity and intrinsic transmissibility characteristics of the new variant, before the former can be more directly observed via vaccine effectiveness data.</div><div>This model provided timely inference on rapidly evolving epidemic situations of significant concern during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The general nature of the model enables it to be used to support management of a range of infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 126987"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance between parent-reported and documented COVID-19 vaccination status among hospitalized children and adolescents: Implications for vaccine effectiveness estimates, May 2021–October 2023","authors":"Sarah Hamid ,&nbsp;Regina M. Simeone ,&nbsp;Margaret M. Newhams ,&nbsp;Natasha Halasa ,&nbsp;Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra ,&nbsp;Amber O. Orzel-Lockwood ,&nbsp;Michael J. Wu ,&nbsp;Adrienne G. Randolph ,&nbsp;Angela P. Campbell ,&nbsp;Laura D. Zambrano ,&nbsp;Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the U.S. COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (PHE), healthcare providers were required to report all administered COVID-19 vaccines in Immunization Information Systems (IIS), a key data source for vaccine effectiveness (VE) evaluations. Expiration of the PHE and commercialization of COVID-19 vaccines raised concerns about IIS data completeness. Parental report is an alternative source of vaccination data but might be inaccurate.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using VE surveillance network data during May 2021–October 2023, we compared parent-reported and documented COVID-19 vaccine doses for patients aged 5–18 years admitted to 35 hospitals in 25 states, overall and by case/control status. We calculated percent agreement, kappa, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (NPV) of parental report. We compared proportions of patients with discordant vaccination history by demographics and incident SARS-CoV-2 infection status. We estimated VE separately using parental report and independently documented sources.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 3262 patients, agreement between parent-reported and documented COVID-19 vaccination doses was 88 % (kappa = 0.77). Most discordant pairs (346/390) were because of parental over-reporting of doses. Among patients documented as unvaccinated, most (specificity = 90 %) were reported as such by parents; nearly all reported as unvaccinated by parents had no documented vaccination (NPV = 99 %). Discordance decreased with shorter admission-to-interview intervals and varied regionally from 8 % in the Midwest to 16 % in the West. Proportions of discordant reports were similar between patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection (11 % vs 13 %). Median days from last vaccine dose to hospital admission was 167 (IQR: 86–288). VE of two doses (99 % original formula) against COVID-19–related hospitalization was 58 % using documented sources and 60 % using parental report.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Parental report of COVID-19 vaccination agreed strongly with documented sources, especially among unvaccinated patients. Despite discrepancies from parental overreporting, VE estimates from both sources were similar. As reliance on parental report increases, reducing admission-to-interview time is important for accurate vaccination history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake and determinants of routine immunization among vulnerable children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review","authors":"Christine Karanja Chege ,&nbsp;Serah Karanja ,&nbsp;William Ogallo ,&nbsp;Fred Were ,&nbsp;Michael Boele van Hensbroek ,&nbsp;Ambrose Agweyu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite notable improvements in coverage of immunization services in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over recent decades, there are marked inequities across populations. We undertook a scoping review to study the uptake and determinants of routine immunization (RI). This is the health system component that regularly delivers vaccination services to eligible populations as set out in national immunization schedules among vulnerable children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We adopted the population-concept-context format to address the 2 research questions. The population was vulnerable children and adolescents from birth to 18 years from 2010 to 2020. The context was sub-Saharan Africa. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS and African Journals Online, following which the selected studies were entered into a data extraction tool. Estimates of immunization uptake as well as quantitative and qualitative synthesis of demand and supply determinants of immunization were carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 6040 studies screened, 68 articles were finally selected.</div><div>Nineteen of these focused on older children and adolescents (9–18 years).</div><div>RI uptake ranged from 1/201 (0.01 %; 95 % CI:0.01–0.03) to 205/216 (95 %; 95 % CI:0.92–0.97). Demand-related factors that were positively correlated with RI uptake were non-Muslim religion (aOR:1.56,95 % CI:1.11–2.17), high caregiver vaccination knowledge (aOR:3.30,95 % CI:0.26–3.56), high household socio-economic status (aOR:1.25,95 % CI:1.04–1.49) and short distance from health facility (aOR:1.63,95 % CI:1.10–2.39). Attendance of less than 4 antenatal visits (aOR:0.47,95 %CI:0.32–0.67) and Somali ethnicity (aOR:0.41,95 %CI:0.19–0.91) were negatively associated with RI uptake. Only 3 quantitative studies examined supply determinants of immunization uptake. Conducive health facility attributes were positively correlated with RI uptake (aOR:2.21,95 % CI:1.22–3.98) while the cost of obtaining vaccination (aOR:1.01,95 % CI:0.63–1.60) and health worker shortage (aOR:0.33,95 % CI:0.02–0.13) were negatively correlated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>RI uptake among vulnerable sub-populations of children and adolescents varies widely. There is a paucity of studies on supply-side determinants of routine immunization uptake and also among adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 127021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Iceland 2014–2022: A test-negative design","authors":"Valtyr Thors ,&nbsp;Rafael Daniel Vias ,&nbsp;Kristin Björnsdóttir ,&nbsp;Elin Birta Palsdottir ,&nbsp;Gudrun K. Guðfinnsdóttir ,&nbsp;Asgeir Haraldsson","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Annual influenza epidemics cause heavy disease burden, particularly in children and frail individuals. One of the available preventive measures is vaccination although the vaccine effectiveness is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination (IVE) in Iceland during seven influenza seasons.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study population consisted of all individuals tested for influenza during each season from week 40 to week 20 of the following year and data was collected from 2014 to 2022 using national registries. A test-negative design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness, calculated as (1 - OR) × 100 %, where OR is the odds ratio of vaccination in test-positive cases relative to test-negative controls, including age group classification. Analysis was done for all studied influenza seasons apart from 2020 to 21 when no influenza cases were detected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Confirmed influenza cases were 2929 of which 781 were in children and 1192 in patients older than 60 years. Influenza A, H3N2 was most common. The overall vaccine effectiveness (IVE) was 28.1 % (95 % CI: 20.2–35.3). For children, the VE was 61.1 % (95 % CI:40.6–74.5), for all adults 27.0 % (95 % CI: 18.5–34.6), and for people aged 60 years and older, 14.8 % (95 % CI 1.4–26.3). The IVE was highest in the 2015–16 season and lowest in 2016–17.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Influenza epidemics in Iceland are similar to other neighbouring countries and infections are common in children. VE varies between seasons, probably at least partly due to vaccine strain mismatch. Despite low VE in several seasons, it can be assumed that thousands of influenza cases were averted. Targeting high vaccine coverage in young children may be an effective way of preventing disease and transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 126981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the epidemiology of otitis media with otorrhea among Bangladeshi children","authors":"Hakka Naziat ,&nbsp;Md Hafizur Rahman ,&nbsp;Rajib C. Das ,&nbsp;Maksuda Islam ,&nbsp;Shampa Saha ,&nbsp;Md. Manzoor Hussain ,&nbsp;Asif Sattar ,&nbsp;Mohammad J. Uddin ,&nbsp;Md Jahangir Alam ,&nbsp;Cynthia G. Whitney ,&nbsp;Senjuti Saha ,&nbsp;Yogesh Hooda ,&nbsp;Samir K. Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2015, Bangladesh introduced the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10). This study evaluates the impact of PCV10 on pneumococcal otitis media (OM), a prevalent middle ear infection among children in low-and-middle income countries, including Bangladesh. We analyzed ear swabs from OM cases with otorrhea collected at the largest pediatric hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2014 to March 2019. The study involved identifying pathogens and conducting pneumococcal serotyping using the Quellung reaction.</div><div>Four years post PCV10 introduction, the rate of detection of pneumococcus among otorrhea cases decreased from 18.4 % (164/892) in 2014–15 to 15.6 % (581/3735) in 2018–19, reflecting a 15.4 % reduction. Notably, vaccine serotypes (VTs) demonstrated a significant decline throughout the post-PCV years, with a 44.1 % reduction compared to the pre-PCV period. Specific VTs like 14, 6B and 19F exhibited significant reductions of 60.2 %, 57.5 % and 42.9 % respectively. Conversely, non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs) showed non-significant increase of 8.6 %; specifically serotype 35B showed a 70.1 % increase. Administration of two or three doses of PCV10 provided 84.4 % protection against OM cases caused by serotypes covered by PCV10.</div><div>This is the first report from South Asia assessing PCV's impact on pneumococcal OM. It demonstrates a 15.4 % reduction in pneumococcal isolation over four years and over 80 % efficacy of PCV10 in preventing vaccine type pneumococcal OM cases. While some vaccine serotypes decreased significantly, the impact of PCV10 on overall pneumococcal OM cases was dampened by increasing isolation of non-vaccine serotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 126995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and efficacy in mice of two adjuvant formulations based on the C -and N-terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium yoelii","authors":"Su-Yeon Yun ,&nbsp;Minh-Ngoc Nguyen ,&nbsp;Hyelee Hong ,&nbsp;Gum-Ju Bae ,&nbsp;Tae Hui Eom ,&nbsp;Vui Thi Hoang ,&nbsp;Hyun Park ,&nbsp;Seon-Ju Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carboxyl-terminal fragment of MSP-1 is a potential malaria vaccine candidate, but its limited immunogenicity in humans has slowed clinical progress, needing the optimization of formulation of adjuvant and construct.</div><div>In this study, the N- and C-terminal fragments of the <em>Py</em>MSP-1 (<em>Py</em>MSP-1 N and <em>Py</em>MSP-1C) were immunized to mice with either incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) plus CpG ODN 1826 or Aluminum salts (Alum) plus CpG, followed by a challenge with <em>Plasmodium yoelii</em> 17XNL to investigate vaccine efficacy. Humoral response and antigen-specific T-cell-derived IFN-γ cytokines were analyzed to compare both fragments.</div><div>After challenge infection, all mice immunized by <em>Py</em>MSP-1C in IFA plus CpG ODN survived with low-grade parasitemia, while 50 % of mice immunized with <em>Py</em>MSP-1 N in Alum plus CpG ODN died with high levels of parasitemia. Co-immunized with both fragments prevented parasitemia entirely, with IFA plus CpG adjuvants proving more suitable than Alum plus CpG.</div><div>Both fragments elicited a comparable humoral response when they were formulated with IFA plus CpG ODN but <em>Py</em>MSP-1 N formulated with Alum plus CpG ODN significantly decreased the antigen-specific IgG level. While both IgG1 and IgG2c levels were comparable in two fragments formulated by IFA plus CpG ODN, it was efficient to induce the level of IgG2c of <em>Py</em>MSP-1 N fragment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div><div>Likewise, IFN-γ from both CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cells was significantly lower by <em>Py</em>MSP-1 N than <em>Py</em>MSP-1C formulated in IFA plus CpG ODN (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div><div>In conclusion, the N-terminal fragment of <em>Py</em>MSP-1 protected mice although it showed lower humoral and cellular immune response compared to C-terminal of MSP-1 in IFA plus CpG. The antibody level of <em>Py</em>MSP-1 N was comparable to that of <em>Py</em>MSP-1C when it was formulated with IFA plus CpG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}