Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Socio-demographic differences in citizen' preferences for distributing a scarce, lifesaving resource: A case study using COVID-19 vaccine distribution in Belgium","authors":"Nele Raskin ,&nbsp;Mickaël Hiligsmann ,&nbsp;Jeroen Luyten ,&nbsp;Sandy Tubeuf ,&nbsp;Alexander Grigoriev ,&nbsp;Roselinde Kessels","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the period when safe and protective vaccines became available, presented an excellent opportunity to investigate public preferences regarding how to ration a scarce, life-saving resource. It is important to understand which distributive strategies are preferred but, as this is an inherently normative matter, also to which extent different socio-demographic groups hold different opinions. This study assesses the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on preferences for vaccine prioritization during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic at the moment when vaccines were not available yet. A representative sample of 2060 Belgians were asked to rank eight prioritization strategies. Based on the rankings, we clustered the eight strategies into five overarching groups. Then, we estimated the potential impact of respondents' socio-demographic characteristics on their preferences towards these five strategies. The ranking exercise shows that the vulnerability strategy (i.e. chronically ill and elderly) is preferred most often (<em>N</em> = 1815) and the market strategy (i.e. individuals who come first or pay the most) by the fewest respondents (<em>N</em> = 116). Preferences for vaccine distribution vary among population subgroups. Women, older or retired individuals, residents of Flanders, those with a positive attitude towards vaccination efforts and/or high vaccination willingness, and those who prefer the government or scientists to decide upon prioritization were more likely to prefer a designated priority strategy (i.e. vulnerability strategy, workers strategy or spreaders). Furthermore, younger respondents, residents of Wallonia, and those previously infected by COVID-19 tended to favour a risk-independent prioritization strategy (i.e. lottery or market strategy) more than others. This study validates the appropriateness of the implemented rationing approaches, by supporting a phased approach in which first vulnerables were vaccinated. However, it also demonstrates that different subgroups had substantially different preferences and the population was in disagreement about what constitutes a fair rationing policy for a scarce, potentially lifesaving resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 126997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-vaccine attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine status at the end of the U.S. public health emergency","authors":"Jasmin Choi ,&nbsp;Jonathan Feelemyer ,&nbsp;Karen Choe ,&nbsp;Kathleen Lynch ,&nbsp;Courtney McKnight ,&nbsp;Lawrence H. Yang ,&nbsp;Don Des Jarlais ,&nbsp;Virginia W. Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Despite the end of the federal COVID-19 public health emergency in May 2023, COVID-19 prevention remains a priority. This study investigates how public vaccination attitudes and perceived COVID-19 risks relate to vaccination status, aiming to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination post-emergency.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey was conducted from April to May 2023 among a non-representative, nationally-based sample of MTurk workers. The primary outcome was COVID-19 vaccination status. Variables examined included anti-vaccine attitudes, health status, COVID-19 experiences, and sociodemographic factors. We created a composite measure of anti-vaccine attitudes from 15 items with three levels. Bivariate tests of association and multivariable logistic regression were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A final sample of 989 adults were included in this analysis. In our multivariable model, individuals with higher anti-vaccine attitudes were less likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to those with low anti-vaccine attitudes (OR = 0.10, 95 % CI 0.04, 0.25). Those who identified as LGBQ+ (OR = 2.55, 95 % CI 1.32, 4.94), had chronic conditions (OR = 2.94, 95 % CI 1.43, 6.01) and had felt stigmatized from COVID-19 infections (OR = 3.33, 95 % CI 1.47, 7.58) were more likely to be vaccinated, even after adjusting for anti-vaccine attitudes. News source, perceived risk of contagion by contact, and long COVID-related factors were not significantly associated with vaccination status in the multivariable model.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our findings highlight the persistent relationship between anti-vaccine attitudes and vaccination status in the “post-pandemic” era. Beyond vaccine attitudes, sexual orientation, chronic conditions, and stigmatization experiences may influence perceived need for protection. Stigma can sometimes reinforce social norms driving vaccination, but this effect is nuanced, particularly with anti-vaccine attitudes. To promote vaccine uptake, interventions should prioritize community support, counter misinformation, and enhance vaccine literacy. Building trust among vulnerable populations is essential, rather than relying on public health messaging that may reinforce social stigma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of novel Oral Poliovirus Type 2 vaccination campaigns: A seroprevalence survey in Nigeria, 2022","authors":"Zubairu Iliyasu ,&nbsp;Abba Ahmed Danzomo ,&nbsp;Visalakshi Jeyaseelan ,&nbsp;Mustapha Modu Gofama ,&nbsp;Patricia Eyanya Akintan ,&nbsp;Olugbenga Oyewumi Akinrinoye ,&nbsp;Umar Also ,&nbsp;Hamisu Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Kabir Yusuf Mawashi ,&nbsp;Auwal Umar Gajida ,&nbsp;Giovanna Sifontes ,&nbsp;Bernardo A. Mainou ,&nbsp;Rocio Lopez Cavestany ,&nbsp;Ondrej Mach ,&nbsp;Harish Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting report: CEPI workshop on Rift Valley fever epidemiology and modeling to inform human vaccine development, Nairobi, 4–5 June 2024","authors":"Radhika Gharpure ,&nbsp;Carolin Vegvari ,&nbsp;Alemseged Abdissa ,&nbsp;Yewande Alimi ,&nbsp;Assaf Anyamba ,&nbsp;Jochen Auerbach ,&nbsp;Bernard Bett ,&nbsp;Brian H. Bird ,&nbsp;Ndeye Sakha Bob ,&nbsp;J. Gabrielle Breugelmans ,&nbsp;Jessica Clark ,&nbsp;Sarah Cleaveland ,&nbsp;Jakob Cramer ,&nbsp;Jeanette Dawa ,&nbsp;Petra C. Fay ,&nbsp;Pierre Formenty ,&nbsp;Volker Gerdts ,&nbsp;Keli N. Gerken ,&nbsp;John Gitonga ,&nbsp;Martin Groschup ,&nbsp;Peter Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease that causes epidemics and epizootics among humans and livestock, resulting in substantial health and socioeconomic consequences. Currently, there are no RVF vaccines licensed for humans, but several candidates show promise in early-stage development. Existing gaps in RVF epidemiological data and challenges associated with predicting RVF outbreak risk complicate the planning of efficacy studies, making the pathway to licensure for promising candidates unclear. In June 2024, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) convened a two-day workshop in Nairobi, Kenya, to discuss RVF epidemiology, modeling priorities, and specific gaps relevant to human RVF vaccine development. The workshop included representatives from multiple RVF-endemic countries, key global collaborators, and international health organizations.</div><div>Workshop participants identified five key priorities: (1) <strong>Looking beyond outbreaks</strong>: There is a need to better characterize the complex One Health epidemiology of RVF and understand interepidemic persistence of the virus; (2<strong>) Better data for better models</strong>: Epidemiological modeling is crucial for research, prediction, and planning, but it requires accurate and representative data; (3) <strong>New, improved and accessible diagnostics and serological assays:</strong> These are needed to inform epidemiology and case definitions, without which RVF research will continue to suffer due to paucity of data and challenges in determining infection and exposure; (4) <strong>Defining use cases</strong>, <strong>regulatory pathways, and implementation strategies for human vaccines</strong>: Clarity on these topics will facilitate licensure and effective use of RVF vaccines; and (5) <strong>People-centered approaches</strong>: Community engagement and involvement of social and behavioral scientists are key to the success of human vaccine research and development and implementation, particularly as the virus impacts livestock and livelihoods.</div><div>Workshop participants welcomed a renewed focus for RVF epidemiology and modeling, and expressed enthusiasm for continued multidisciplinary collaborations to support enabling sciences for human RVF vaccine research and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and clinical burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults in the city of São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Daniel Jarovsky ,&nbsp;Rosangela Ferraz Cereda ,&nbsp;Licieri Marotta Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Eitan Naaman Berezin ,&nbsp;Thiago Junqueira Avelino da Silva ,&nbsp;Maisa Carla Kairalla ,&nbsp;Milene Fernandes ,&nbsp;Bruna Pascarelli Pedrico do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Cicera Pimenta Marcelino ,&nbsp;Paula de Mendonça Batista ,&nbsp;Marina Della Negra de Paula ,&nbsp;Thais das Neves Fraga Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Brazilian National Immunization Program does not offer universal pneumococcal vaccination for older adults. We evaluated the incidence, demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of older adults with IPD in São Paulo, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective chart review of 94 adults aged 60+ hospitalized with IPD from 2016 to 2018 was conducted. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical data. Incidence was calculated by dividing the number of IPD patients in São Paulo by the population of individuals aged 60+ using the study hospitals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most patients had at least one risk factor, with cancer being the most common. Ninety percent had unknown vaccination status. The incidence rate per 100,000 people declined over the study period. Community-onset disease and bacteremic pneumonia were prevalent, while meningitis occurred in a smaller percentage. Hospitalization lasted a median of ten days, with 53 % of patients requiring ICU admission. Complications, supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and septic shock were observed during hospitalization. The case fatality rate for IPD was 43 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the significant burden of IPD in older adults in São Paulo and emphasizes the importance of extending pneumococcal vaccination to this population in Brazil to address the associated morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126992"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of school-based vaccination in French middle schools: Efficient or not?","authors":"Aurelie Baldolli ,&nbsp;Anna Fournier ,&nbsp;Hélène Roger ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Piednoir ,&nbsp;Julie Clément ,&nbsp;Anne Martin ,&nbsp;Renaud Verdon ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Michon","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Despite various vaccination campaigns coordinated by French authorities, vaccine coverage (VC) in France remains low, especially for human papillomavirus (HPV). The Agence Regionale de Santé established a mandate for vaccination centres in Normandy to develop a school-based vaccination program in public middle schools. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficiency of this program after four academic years (2019–2023).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Authorization from the parents was required to update each of the following recommended vaccinations for their children (aged 11–13-years-old): diphtheria-tetanus-poliomyelitis-pertussis; hepatitis B virus (HBV); measles, mumps and rubella; meningococcal C; and HPV vaccines. Adolescents for whom at least one vaccine has been accepted were seen by the doctor and were vaccinated if needed. Global VC was defined as being vaccinated for all French mandatory and recommended vaccines. The objective of this study was to compare the proportions of global VC pre and post implementation of the school vaccination program during the period study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the study period, 199 schools were visited. Among the 18,476 students, 33.6 % (<em>n</em> = 6217) of the students' parents accepted at least one vaccine, and 4464 students were vaccinated (81.9 %, 4464/5450). Global preintervention VC was 10.7 % (<em>n</em> = 585), which increased to 65.7 % (<em>n</em> = 3585) after the vaccine intervention (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). VC increased from 64.8 % in preintervention to 87.5 % in postintervention (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) for the meningococcal C vaccine, from 67.6 % to 85.6 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) for the HBV vaccine and from 14.6 % (<em>n</em> = 675/4614) to 79.9 % (<em>n</em> = 3685/4614) (p &lt; 0.0001) for the HPV vaccine. In multivariate analysis, the post-COVID-19 period (2021−2022) was significantly associated with not being up to date for at least one vaccine (OR: 1.4 [1.2–1.9]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study determined that school vaccination program effectively improved VC for all recommended vaccines and should not be restricted to certain vaccines, such as HPV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and lessons learned during the switching of rotavirus vaccine from Rotarix to Rotavac in Zambia","authors":"E.M. Mpabalwani ,&nbsp;C. Sakala ,&nbsp;E. Kamiji ,&nbsp;J. Simwaka ,&nbsp;J. Soko ,&nbsp;M. Kabwe ,&nbsp;Andrew Chisanga ,&nbsp;Kelly Chisanga ,&nbsp;J. Sakala ,&nbsp;N.M. Kiulia ,&nbsp;P. Sakubita ,&nbsp;P. Kalesha-Masumbu ,&nbsp;N. Bakyaita ,&nbsp;A.K. Worwui ,&nbsp;J.M. Mwenda","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Active Rotavirus diarrhea surveillance has been ongoing in Zambia at three dedicated sentinel sites since 2007, focusing on hospitalized children under five years of age. During 2021 and 2022, many African countries, including Zambia, experienced a severe shortage of rotavirus vaccines. This vaccine shortage resulted in many children who were eligible for vaccination remaining unvaccinated. Consequently, these children were exposed to a higher risk of severe acute gastroenteritis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To ascertain the impact of rotavirus vaccine stock-out and switch in Zambia, a comprehensive desk review was conducted focusing on the switch of the vaccine from Rotarix to Rotavac and the change of the Rotavac formulation. This review encompassed all children under five years of age recruited at the surveillance sites between 2017 and 2023 and the country's comparison of national administrative and WUENIC 2023 rotavirus vaccine coverage rate estimates for 2014 to 2023. March 2022 to April 2023 was defined as the Rotarix vaccine stock-out period. Hospitalization trends, demographic and clinical data, and rotavirus confirmed ELISA results were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, the number of fully vaccinated children increased steadily over the years, reaching 4.73 million in 2023. However, 2.63 million children missed vaccination between 2016 and 2023. The administrative and WUENIC 2023 estimates for rotavirus coverage rates were the same during the period under review. Hospitalized diarrhea cases and rotavirus positivity rates remained essentially the same during the in-stock and stock-out periods of rotavirus vaccine. However, mortality rates increased three-fold during the vaccine stock-out period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The impact of the Rotarix vaccine era was reversed due to the global supply chain disruptions, leading to missed vaccinations, increased diarrhea-related hospitalizations, and higher infant mortality in Zambia. The COVID-19 pandemic may also have further disrupted the vaccination sessions, further impacting rotavirus vaccination. Rotarix shortages likely contributed to rising rotavirus cases. There is an urgent need to completely replace the old under-5 vaccination card with a revised one to improve documentation for new rotavirus vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase I study of the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of two quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines (Fluzone® or Flublok®) with or without one of two adjuvants (AF03 or Advax-CpG55.2) in healthy adults 18–45 years of age","authors":"Theresa E. Hegmann ,&nbsp;Emmanuel B. Walter ,&nbsp;Michael J. Smith ,&nbsp;James Campbell ,&nbsp;Hana M. El Sahly ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Whitaker ,&nbsp;C. Buddy Creech ,&nbsp;Irina V. Ustyugova ,&nbsp;Ana P. Goncalvez ,&nbsp;Aseem Pandey ,&nbsp;Timothy Alefantis ,&nbsp;Saranya Sridhar ,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo ,&nbsp;Nikolai Petrovsky ,&nbsp;Sharon E. Frey ,&nbsp;Getahun Abate ,&nbsp;Grant Paulsen ,&nbsp;Evan J. Anderson ,&nbsp;Christina A. Rostad ,&nbsp;Nadine Rouphael ,&nbsp;Patricia Winokur","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal influenza continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly for the elderly and immunocompromised. Current licensed influenza vaccines provide only partial protection even for immunocompetent hosts. Vaccine adjuvants can improve the magnitude and breadth of immune responses and there is considerable interest in identifying new adjuvants that can improve immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccines. This phase I, randomized, double-blind trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of one dose of 2018/2019 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (either Fluzone® or Flublok®) administered intramuscularly with or without one of two adjuvants (AF03 or Advax-CpG55.2). A total of 241 healthy adults aged 18–45 years were enrolled and randomized to 1 of 6 groups. Groups 1–3 received one dose of Fluzone® QIV 2018/2019 administered alone or with AF03 or Advax-CpG55.2 and Groups 4–6 received one dose of Flublok® QIV 2018/2019 alone or with one of these two adjuvants. All participants received Fluzone® or Flublok® QIV 2019/2020 ninety days later. Primary objectives were to evaluate safety and reactogenicity along with changes in hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI), neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) and neutralizing antibodies to 2018/2019 seasonal influenza antigens, comparing Day 1 and Day 29 titers. Secondary objectives evaluated the impact of adjuvants on immune responses after subsequent doses of unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine and immunologic responses to heterologous influenza H1 and H3 antigens. Overall, the adjuvanted vaccines were safe and generated robust immune responses against both homologous and heterologous strains. Similar responses were seen across all six study arms. Both adjuvants were associated with qualitatively improved immune responses against some strains at varying timepoints, but results were inconsistent. There were no substantial differences in safety or reactogenicity identified between the study groups and all vaccine formulations were well tolerated. In this highly immunologically-experienced cohort, neither AF03 nor Advax-CpG55.2 demonstrated notable benefit when added to the seasonal influenza vaccine. (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> ID# <span><span>NCT03945825</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel, fully human, anti-PfCSP antibodies with potent antimalarial activity using a phage display based strategy","authors":"Sadaf Parveen ,&nbsp;Pragyan Parimita Rath ,&nbsp;Shams Tabrez ,&nbsp;Summaiya Khan ,&nbsp;Pooja Singh ,&nbsp;Shaikh Zikra Arkam ,&nbsp;Sheenam Verma ,&nbsp;Shahnawaz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Susheel K. Singh ,&nbsp;Iqbal Taliy Junaid ,&nbsp;Dhiraj Kumar ,&nbsp;Michael Theisen ,&nbsp;Dinesh Gupta ,&nbsp;Asif Mohmmed ,&nbsp;Dinakar M. Salunke ,&nbsp;Agam P. Singh ,&nbsp;Pawan Malhotra","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing an effective vaccine against malaria remains a prime goal of human health. The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a major surface protein of the sporozoites, and is the target of two licensed <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> malaria vaccines, RTS,S/AS01, named Mosquirix and R21/Matrix-M. However, to improve the standards set by these vaccines we require a second-generation or prophylactic vaccine. Recently, monoclonal antibodies have emerged as essential biopharmaceutical prophylactic vaccines. The present study targeted recombinant <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> CSP (rPfCSP) with a phage display of human single-fold scFv Tomlinson libraries I+J and picked fourteen scFvs that represented two independent clones after sequencing; CL1 and CL3. These phages were analysed for their binding to rPfCSP. The selected scFvs were cloned in a human IgG1 Fc tag vector, to generate scFv-Fc full-length antibody clones. CL1 bound rPfCSP protein with a K_D of 3.8x10^-6M and CL3 bound rPfCSP protein with a K_D of 5.6 x 10^-5 M. These antibodies detected native PfCSP on the sporozoite surface. Molecular docking simulation revealed that rPfCSP residues interacting with CL1 and CL3 were downstream of the repeat region. These antibodies inhibited the sporozoite infectivity into HepG2 cells, similar to a gold standard monoclonal antibody, 2A10. Low-dose passive transfer of the CL1 and CL3 antibodies conferred high-level protection when challenged with PfCSP-Pb transgenic parasites in the mouse infection model. The high <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> efficacies of the CL1 and CL3 antibodies have applications in malaria immunoprophylaxis in protecting travellers and military servicemen or as a therapeutic vaccine in malaria elimination programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 126993"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastroenteritis hospitalizations over 19 years before and after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Japan: A nationwide claims database","authors":"Takanori Yanai ,&nbsp;Satomi Yoshida ,&nbsp;Koji Kawakami","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rotavirus is a major cause of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, leading to severe health outcomes. Rotavirus vaccines (RV) have introduced grobally, in Japan, introduced in 2010 as self-payment and in 2020 as public funding vaccine. This study evaluates the change of gastroenteritis hospitalization and intussusception.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The descriptive study utilized JMDC claims database, focusing on 3 million children under 12 years from January 2005 to July 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of all-cause gastroenteritis and rotavirus enteritis hospitalizations per 1000 person-year, with secondary outcomes including intussusception. Data were extracted using ICD-10 codes, and hospitalization rates were categorized into three periods: pre-vaccine (before October 2011), post-vaccine introduction (November 2011 to September 2020), and post-public funding (from October 2020). Statistical analyses included descriptive epidemiology, and interrupted time series (ITS) design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 3,085,932 children (51 % male, 49 % female), with a mean age of 4.16 years. The gastroenteritis hospitalization per 1000 person-year under five year old age was 12.0 pre-vaccine period to 4.8 post-public funding period with a 60 % decrease (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Under the same conditions, hospitalization for rotavirus enteritis was 5.8 pre-vaccine period to 2.5 post-public funding period with a 58 % decrease (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). ITS analysis showed a further −0.2 % monthly decrease in rotavirus enteritis hospitalizations post-vaccine introduction (<em>p</em> = 0.007). No significant changes were found for intussusception trends before and after RV.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this study, gastroenteritis hospitalizations and rotavirus enteritis hospitalizations in children significant decreased. Intussusception rate were unchanged throughout the study period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 127027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}