Virus research最新文献

{"title":"A novel rhabdovirus persistently infects lepidopteran cell lines","authors":"Takeo Fukushima ,&nbsp;Shohei Takamura ,&nbsp;Keisuke Shoji ,&nbsp;Tomoyo Touguchi ,&nbsp;Susumu Katsuma ,&nbsp;Masashi Iwanaga","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel rhabdovirus was identified in BmN-4 (BmN) cells derived from <em>Bombyx mori</em> and Sf9 cells derived from <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>. Genome sequence homology revealed that this novel virus is distinct from the previously reported Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus (SfRV). Given the high similarity of the <em>large protein</em> sequence of this virus to that of the Taarstrup virus, we named it Bombyx mori taarstrup virus (BmTV). When BmTV-negative <em>B. mori</em>-derived cultured cells were inoculated with BmTV, an increase in virus RNA was observed, but no impact on host cell proliferation occurred, suggesting that BmTV exhibits latent infection in insect cells. On the other hand, oral and hemocoel inoculation in <em>B. mor</em>i larvae did not cause significant increase in BmTV replication. After subcutaneous inoculation, no difference in adult metamorphosis was observed between BmTV- and mock-inoculated larvae. No virus RNA was detected in eggs laid by adults that had been inoculated with BmTV at larval stage. These findings demonstrate that BmTV is a novel rhabdovirus that persistently infects several lepidopteran cultured cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 199548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and genetic characterization of Xiabuqu River virus: A novel member of the Iflaviridae family detected in soft ticks from Tibet, China","authors":"Meixi Ren ,&nbsp;Mingli Sun ,&nbsp;bataj Dan ,&nbsp;Yingxin Tu ,&nbsp;Guoyu Niu ,&nbsp;Weiping Lin ,&nbsp;Hengyi Sun ,&nbsp;Yujing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft ticks, an important group of blood-sucking arthropods in nature, are widely distributed globally and can carry a wide range of pathogens, including Theileria ovis, Anaplasma ovis, Rickettsia spp<em>.</em> and African swine fever virus. In this study, we identified a novel single positive-stranded RNA virus, tentatively named Xiabuqu River virus (XRV), for the first time from soft ticks collected in Shigatse, Tibet. A total of 96 engorged soft ticks were collected from Tibetan sheep, with each tick assigned to a separate pool for analysis. The complete coding sequence of XRV was determined through next-generation sequencing, revealing a sequence length of 9277 nucleotides that includes a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding proteins such as the capsid protein, RNA helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). Quantitative RT-PCR and nested PCR were utilized to investigate the distribution of XRV within the tick sample. Pairwise distance analysis revealed that all obtained viral sequences shared a high nucleotide identity. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that XRV clustered with Lhasa Iflav tick virus 1, Fuyun tick virus 2, and Hubei tick virus 2. Further analyses indicated that XRV is a new member of the unclassified genus <em>Iflavirus</em> within the family <em>Iflaviridae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 199543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting report: International soil virus conference 2024","authors":"María Touceda-Suárez ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Perry ,&nbsp;Riccardo Frizzo ,&nbsp;John Henry Lotz-McMillen ,&nbsp;Ruby Ann Gilmore ,&nbsp;Shauna M. Bennett ,&nbsp;Jonelle T.R. Basso ,&nbsp;William Donovan ,&nbsp;Jane D. Fudyma ,&nbsp;Sara E. Geonczy ,&nbsp;Marissa Gittrich ,&nbsp;Grant Gogul ,&nbsp;Christina Hazard ,&nbsp;Luke S. Hillary ,&nbsp;Ellie Jameson ,&nbsp;Lucie Jiraska ,&nbsp;Sarah Stewart Johnson ,&nbsp;James C. Kosmopoulos ,&nbsp;Ikaia Leleiwi ,&nbsp;Bin Ma ,&nbsp;Gareth Trubl","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research field of soil viral ecology continues to advance rapidly as the roles of viruses in the functioning of soil ecosystems are increasingly recognized. To address recent developments in the field, the second International Soil Virus Conference was held in Livermore, California, USA, from June 25 to 27th, 2024, providing soil viral ecologists the opportunity to share new findings and suggest guidelines for future research, while encouraging international scientific discussion and collaboration. The meeting was held in person with sessions simultaneously streamed online. Fifty researchers attended from ten different countries and spanned a wide range of subfields and career stages. A total of 21 oral presentations were presented, followed by discussions covering key themes in soil viral research. This report summarizes the main takeaways and recommendations from the talks and discussions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 199544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for HBV, HCV, TP and HIV in pregnant women from various ethnic groups in Yili, Xinjiang, China","authors":"Zhenzhen Pan ,&nbsp;Yuning Song ,&nbsp;Xiangyi Zhe ,&nbsp;Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shumei Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongwei Dong ,&nbsp;Jingru Hu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Guomei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zemin Pan ,&nbsp;Shaoqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyze the infection status of four blood-borne infectious diseases, namely hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), among pregnant women from different ethnic groups in Yili, Xinjiang. The objective is to assess the prevalence of four infectious diseases among pregnant women in this region and provide reference for the prevention and elimination of mother-to-child transmission. Pregnant women of Han and Uygur ethnicity who underwent prenatal screening at our outpatient clinic between 2016 and 2022 were selected for screening for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), antibody to treponema pallidum (anti-TP) and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 13,437 pregnant women were tested, aged between 18 and 47. The positive rate of four infectious disease markers in Han and Uygur pregnant women in this region was 6.97 % (936/13,437). The total positive rate of HBsAg was 6.44 % (865/13,437), among which the Han women of HBsAg positive rate was 6.63 % (836/12,608), and the HBsAg positive rate in Uygur women was 3.63 % (29/829) (χ2=12.673, <em>P</em> = 0.000); the total positive rate of anti-HCV was 0.16 % (21/13,437), of which the anti-HCV positive rate of Han women was 0.15 % (19/12,608), and anti-HCV positive rate in Uygur women was 0.24 % (2/829). (χ2=0.034, <em>P</em> = 0.853); the total positive rate of anti-TP was 0.34 % (46/13,437), of which the positive rate of anti-TP in Han women was 0.24 % (30/12,608), and the positive rate of anti-TP in Uygur women was 1.93 % (16/829) (χ2=65.280, <em>P</em> = 0.000); the total positive rate of anti-HIV was 0.03 % (4/13,437), of which Han nationality anti-HIV positive rate was 0 % (0/12,608), and the anti-HIV positive rate in Uygur nationality was 0.48 % (4/829) (<em>P</em> = 0.000). The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) positive in Han nationality was 56.44 % (7116/12,608) and the positive rate of anti-HBs in Uygur nationality was 41.62 % (345/829) (χ2=65.219, <em>P</em> = 0.000); the all-negative detection rate of Han nationality was 29.04 % (3661/12,608) and the Uygur nationality of all-negative detection rate was 46.20 % (383/829) (χ2=104.352, <em>P</em> = 0.000). Our results suggest that the difference in infection rates between Han and Uygur pregnant women in Yili, Xinjiang, may be related to the different genetic susceptibility among different ethnic groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 199542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the circadian rhythm signaling pathway in HTLV-1 pathogenesis using Boolean analysis","authors":"Abdollah Amiri ,&nbsp;Shayan Mardi ,&nbsp;Atefeh Bahavar ,&nbsp;Mohsen Sheikhi ,&nbsp;Somayeh Yaslianifard ,&nbsp;Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an oncogenic virus belonging to the Deltaretrovirus genus, expresses various proteins, including Tax and HBZ, which can affect many cellular pathways. In this study, we have investigated the role of the circadian rhythm signaling pathway, a key regulator of human health, in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 using Boolean Network analysis and laboratory methods. After an extensive search of the circadian rhythm pathway, we analyzed the relationships between the genes of this pathway using the R programming language and the BoolNet package. Subsequently, we examined the impact of viral proteins on the cellular clock rhythm genes. Finally, we identified three genes, PER2, CRY1, and DEC1, as the main checkpoints from the attractors obtained. These three genes and two viral genes, Tax and HBZ, were quantitatively assessed on two groups of individuals, including ten asymptomatic carriers infected with HTLV-1 and ten healthy individuals using the qRT-PCR method. Our results showed that the expression level of PER2 and DEC1 genes was significantly higher in the asymptomatic carriers compared to the healthy control group. Also, we recorded positive correlations between PER2 and DEC1, CRY1 and DEC1, and negative correlations between HBZ and CRY1 and DEC1. In this study, we suggested that in asymptomatic carriers, the virus might try to induce a chronic infection by escaping from the immune system due to an alteration in circadian rhythm pathways. We also detected three promising genes in this pathway that could have therapeutic or diagnostic value in these individuals. However, this possibility requires further research in different periods, different groups (e.g., ATLL and HAM/TSP), and examining a more significant number of circadian rhythm genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, characterization and genomic analysis of bacteriophages for biocontrol of vibriosis caused by Vibrio alginolyticus","authors":"Nattarika Chaichana ,&nbsp;Rutinan Rattanaburee ,&nbsp;Komwit Surachat ,&nbsp;Decha Sermwittayawong ,&nbsp;Natthawan Sermwittayawong","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> is a significant opportunistic pathogen in marine environments, affecting both marine organisms and humans. The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has prompted the exploration of bacteriophages as alternative biological control agents. In this study, 414 lytic bacteriophages specific to <em>V. alginolyticus</em> were isolated from various seafood and environmental samples. Phages P122, P125, and P160 demonstrated the broadest host range, effectively lysing 79.01 % of fish pathogenic <em>V. alginolyticus</em> strains and 44.69 % of environmental strains. However, no activity was observed against clinical <em>V. alginolyticus</em> strains or other tested species, including <em>V. harveyi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. One-step growth curve analysis revealed latent periods of 40 to 60 min and burst sizes ranging from 140 to 367 PFU/infected cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) classified these phages within the class of Caudoviricetes with an icosahedral head and a long non-contractile tail. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified genome sizes of approximately 76 kb, with 272–280 open reading frames (ORFs), no tRNA and pathogenic-associated genes. Comparative genomic analysis showed over 97 % similarity with other <em>Vibrio</em> phages. Phylogenetic analysis based on the terminase subunit also confirmed phages P122, P125, and P160 belonging to the class of Caudoviricetes. The phages were non-toxic to <em>Galleria mellonella</em> larvae and showed promise in reducing mortality rates when used as a cocktail treatment. The study highlights the potential of these phages as effective biocontrol agents in aquaculture, offering a promising alternative to antibiotics for managing <em>Vibrio</em> infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023","authors":"Ra Mi Cha ,&nbsp;Min-Ji Park ,&nbsp;Yoon-Gi Baek ,&nbsp;Yu-Na Lee ,&nbsp;Yunyueng Jang ,&nbsp;Yong-Myung Kang ,&nbsp;Gyeong-Beom Heo ,&nbsp;Se-Hee An ,&nbsp;Kwang-Nyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Jae-Kyeom Kim ,&nbsp;Hye-Ryoung Kim ,&nbsp;Youn-Jeong Lee ,&nbsp;Eun-Kyoung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the 2022–2023 winter season in South Korea, a novel clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV was first detected in wild birds, which then subsequently caused multiple outbreaks in poultry farms and wild birds. This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of H5N1 HPAIVs isolated during the 2022–2023, along with their pathogenicity and transmissibility in chickens and ducks. The clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV viruses caused outbreaks in 75 poultry farms and detected in 174 wild bird cases. Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin genes revealed that the South Korean H5N1 HPAIV isolates were closely related to Eurasian and American HPAIVs isolated between 2022 and 2023. In total, 21 diverse genotypes (22G0–22G20) were identified in virus isolates from poultry and wild birds, among which 22G7 was the dominant genotype. The 22G1 genotype (A/duck/Korea/H493/2022(H5N1)) caused high virulence and pathogenicity, with a 100 % mortality rate in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Ducks inoculated with genotypes 22G1 or 22G7 (A/duck/Korea/H537/2022(H5N1)) showed neurological signs, with 60 %–80 % mortality rate. In the contact groups of ducks, 100 % of transmissibility was observed. Notably, in the 22G7-inoculated group, viral shedding via the cloacal route was longer, and viral replication in the cecal tonsil was higher than that in the 22G1-inoculated group, which may have contributed to the dominancy of the 22G7 genotype. Therefore, better understanding of the genetic and pathogenic features of HPAI viruses is important for effective virus control in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity of avian reovirus variant in the immune organs of broiler chicks","authors":"Haiyang Yu ,&nbsp;Yudong Zhu ,&nbsp;Qiong Wu ,&nbsp;Wanjun Zhao ,&nbsp;You Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Huaguang Lu ,&nbsp;Youxiang Diao ,&nbsp;Yijing Li ,&nbsp;Yi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the infection rate of avian reovirus (ARV) in chicks has been continuously increasing, seriously endangering the healthy development of China's chicken farming industry. However, the pathogenicity of this virus in immune organs has been less studied. In this study, an ARV strain (Chicken/XJ/China/2022/01/16) was isolated from arthritic broiler chicks in Xinjiang province and whole genome sequencing of the ARV strain was performed using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and sequence analysis showed that the strain was a type V variant of the ARV gene. In order to further understand the pathogenicity of this strain in terms of immune organs, we randomized 120 healthy 1-day-old broilers equally into 3 groups (oral, footpad inoculation and control), where 2 experimental groups were inoculated with 0.2 mL of ARV (TCID₅₀ of 10^5.5 /0.1 mL) and the control group was inoculated with an equal amount of sterile saline. The results showed that the footpad inoculation group showed more severe symptoms, which, in addition to causing chick dwarf syndrome and viral arthritis, would also cause serious effects on the immune organs of the chicks. Among them, the spleen and bursa were most seriously damaged, the symptoms of arthritis appeared relatively late, which indicated that the spleen and bursa might be the main target organs preferentially attacked by avian reovirus. This study provides a rationale for the prevention and control of emerging avian reovirus and adds to the evidence of the effects of ARV on immune organs, with the expectation that it will be useful in understanding the immune response-related aspects of the disease in subsequent studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of whole genome sequence of human cytomegalovirus circulating in Japan and discovery of geographic genome structure in UL148 gene","authors":"Yuji Wada,&nbsp;Ken Ishioka,&nbsp;Tatsuo Suzutani","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is prevalent worldwide. HCMV is generally asymptomatic but causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients or infants who are congenitally infected. Recent advances in sequencing technology have led to the rapid expansion of the HCMV genetic database, providing a comprehensive resource for studying viral genetics. Although genetic investigations have been vigorously performed in European countries, information on the whole-genome sequence of HCMV in the East Asian region remains limited. In this study, we determined whole-genome sequences of two clinical isolates of HCMV circulating in Japan. Partial genome sequences of 26 genes in UL/b' region were also identified using additional seven clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the <em>UL148</em> gene revealed a characteristic genetic clade predominantly constructed from HCMV isolates from Japan and China, suggesting a geographic gene structure in the East Asian region. We consider that this research will contribute to expanding the genetic database of HCMV and unveiling novel genetic characteristics of HCMV in Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA","authors":"Behzad Hussain ,&nbsp;Peizhe Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiong Li ,&nbsp;Zhichao Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Feng ,&nbsp;Demei Zhang ,&nbsp;Defen Lu ,&nbsp;Wu Changxin","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus which has resulted in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has infected millions of people all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 has been mutating rapidly resulting in the emergence of multiple variants to escape the host immune system mainly by mutations in its receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The RBD and full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2 are the main targets of the neutralizing antibodies (mainly IgGs). Many SARS-CoV-2 variants are considered to have potential to escape from the host immune system. This rapid evolution of the virus posed a great challenge regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Hence, in this study, RBD of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa and Omicron BA.1 and full-length spike of BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4/5, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 Omicron variants were used as coating antigens in an indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to check the IgG binding capability to the COVID-19 convalescent sera from patients of first wave of infection occurring in Wuhan. Our results show that the currently circulating Omicron BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5 and previous Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 do not show significant reduction in binding, while Omicron BA.3 and previous variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa, and Omicron showed a significantly reduced binding when compared to the wild-type Wuhan strain. These results indicate that the patients recovering from natural infection of early original Wuhan strain may have the potential to resist infection of current circulating variants and the vaccines using the prototype antigen may still work for newly emerged variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 199520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}