Virus research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of Parechovirus","authors":"Jia-Hao Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhi-Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Zheng-Chan Liao ,&nbsp;Ye Qiu ,&nbsp;Xing-Yi Ge ,&nbsp;Xun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human parechovirus (HPeV) is a common virus that can cause severe infections in newborns. Due to the limited knowledge of the prevalence of HPeV in different cities in China and the unknown association between HPeV infection and clinical characteristics of newborns, this research investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HPeV infection in hospitalized neonates in Changsha. From August to October 2023, 145 anal swab samples from 96 newborns and 38 pharyngeal swab samples from 33 newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were collected. The prevalence of HPeV was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The genomes of HPeV were sequenced and the viral protein 1 (VP1) region was used for genotyping. Phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis of HPeV genome were performed. Finally, HPeV was detected in 10 out of 44 patients in October, all of them were HPeV-1. The sequenced 4 genomes of HPeV showed high genetic diversity with known strains. Additionally, a HPeV-1 recombinant strain was detected. Compared with HPeV negative patients, HPeV patients had higher prevalence of abdominal pain and diarrhea, intracranial hemorrhage, and purulent meningitis. Compared with HPeV negative patients, HPeV patients had higher peripheral blood lymphocytes, albumin, globulin, pH and lower peripheral blood neutrophils and hemoglobin. HPeV is an important viral cause of newborn infections and appears to be increasing in prevalence in recent years. Characteristic clinical pictures exist in HPeV infections, and further research is needed to accumulate more cases to obtain a comprehensive understanding of HPeV infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001540/pdfft?md5=b494f505e3990f48bb40a8798443ee6e&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001540-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Whole genome molecular analysis of respiratory syncytial virus pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Free State province, South Africa” [Virus Research, Volume 347, September 2024, 199421]","authors":"Hlengiwe Sondlane ,&nbsp;Ayodeji Ogunbayo ,&nbsp;Celeste Donato ,&nbsp;Milton Mogotsi ,&nbsp;Mathew Esona ,&nbsp;Ute Hallbauer ,&nbsp;Phillip Bester ,&nbsp;Dominique Goedhals ,&nbsp;Martin Nyaga","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most predominant viral pathogen worldwide in children with lower respiratory tract infections. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and resulting non-pharmaceutical interventions perturbed the transmission pattern of respiratory pathogens in South Africa. A seasonality shift and RSV resurgence was observed in 2020 and 2021, with several infected children observed.</div><div>Conventional RSV-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from various hospitals in the Free State province, Bloemfontein, South Africa, from children suffering from respiratory distress and severe acute respiratory infection between 2020 to 2021. Overlapping genome fragments were amplified and complete genomes were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis were performed on both RSV-A/-B G-genes with published reference sequences from GISAID and GenBank. Our study strains belonged to the RSV-A GA2.3.2 and RSV-B GB5.0.5a clades. The upsurge of RSV was due to pre-existing strains that predominated in South Africa and circulating globally also driving these off-season RSV outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The variants responsible for the resurgence were phylogenetically related to pre-pandemic strains and could have contributed to the immune debt resulting from pandemic imposed restrictions. The deviation of the RSV season from the usual pattern affected by the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for ongoing genomic surveillance and the identification of genetic variants to prevent unforeseen outbreaks in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001424/pdfft?md5=257099debe7b71b54f3e0e68a6b619f2&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001424-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into RNA mycoviruses of fungal pathogens causing Fusarium head blight","authors":"Živilė Buivydaitė ,&nbsp;Anne Winding ,&nbsp;Lise Nistrup Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Athanasios Zervas ,&nbsp;Rumakanta Sapkota","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fusarium head blight (FHB) continues to be a major problem in wheat production and is considered a disease complex caused by several fungal pathogens including <em>Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum</em> and <em>F. equiseti</em>. With the objective of investigating diversity of mycoviruses in FHB-associated pathogens, we isolated <em>Fusarium</em> spp. from six wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) cultivars. In total, 56 <em>Fusarium</em> isolates (29 <em>F. culmorum</em>, 24 <em>F. graminearum</em>, one <em>F. equiseti</em>) were screened for mycoviruses by extracting and sequencing double-stranded RNA. We found that a large proportion of <em>Fusarium</em> isolates (46 %) were infected with mycoviruses. <em>F. culmorum</em>, previously described to harbor only one mycovirus, tended to host more viruses than <em>F. graminearum</em>, with a few isolates harboring seven mycoviruses simultaneously. Based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain analysis, ten were positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (related to viruses from families <em>Mitoviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Narnaviridae, Tymoviridae, Gammaflexiviridae</em>, as well as proposed Ambiguiviridae and ormycovirus viral group), one was double-stranded RNA virus (<em>Partitiviridae</em>), and five were negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (related to members in the families of <em>Yueviridae, Phenuiviridae, Mymonaviridae</em>, as well as proposed Mycoaspiviridae). Five mycoviruses were shared between <em>F. graminearum</em> and <em>F. culmorum</em>. These results increase our general understanding of mycovirology. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth report of the mycovirome in <em>F. culmorum</em> and the first report on the diversity of mycoviruses from Danish isolates of FHB-causing fungi in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001552/pdfft?md5=6a7189badf7673728b7d9d824120ffbb&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001552-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into potential biomarkers and their roles in biological processes associated with hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis by hepatic RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling","authors":"Hossein Nasr Azadani ,&nbsp;Mohssen Nassiri Toosi ,&nbsp;Shohreh Shahmahmoodi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Nejati ,&nbsp;Hamzeh Rahimi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Farahmand ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Keshavarz ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghorbani Motlagh ,&nbsp;Katayoun Samimi-Rad","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of mortality due to liver cirrhosis globally. Despite the advances in recent therapeutic strategies, there is yet a high burden of HCV-related cirrhosis worldwide concerning low coverage of newly developed antiviral therapies, insufficient validity of the current diagnostic methods for cirrhosis, and incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis in this stage of liver disease. Hence we aimed to clarify the molecular events in HCV-related cirrhosis and identify a liver-specific gene signature to potentially improve diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.</p><p>Through RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of liver samples of Iranian patients with HCV-related cirrhosis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subjected to functional annotation including biological process (BP) and molecular function (MF) analysis and also KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the validation of RNA-seq data was investigated for seven candidate genes using qRT-PCR. Moreover, the diagnostic and prognostic power of validated DEGs were analyzed in both forms of individual DEG and combined biomarkers through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Finally, we explored the pair-wise correlation of these six validated DEGs in a new approach.</p><p>We identified 838 significant DEGs (<em>p</em>adj ˂0.05) enriching 375 and 15 significant terms subjected to BP and MF, respectively (false discovery rate ˂ 0.01) and 46 significant pathways (<em>p</em>-value ˂ 0.05). Most of these biological processes and pathways were related to inflammation, immune responses, and cellular processes participating somewhat in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Interestingly, some neurological-associated genes and pathways were involved in HCV cirrhosis-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Out of seven candidate genes, six DEGs, including inflammation-related genes ISLR, LTB, ZAP70, KLRB1, and neuronal-related genes MOXD1 and Slitrk3 were significantly confirmed by qRT-PCR. There was a close agreement in the expression change results between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR for our candidate genes except for SAA2-SAA4 (P= 0.8). High validity and reproducibility of six novel DEGs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers were observed. We also found several pair-wise correlations between validated DEGs.</p><p>Our findings indicate that the six genes LTB, ZAP70, KLRB1, ISLR, MOXD1, and Slitrk3 could stand as promising biomarkers for diagnosing of HCV-related cirrhosis. However, further studies are recommended to validate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers and evaluate their capability as targets for the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001503/pdfft?md5=203221dcf3a0304b85435a7c617a110b&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001503-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cellular paraspeckle component SFPQ associates with the viral processivity factor ORF59 during lytic replication of Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)","authors":"Shannon Harger Payen ,&nbsp;Kayla Andrada ,&nbsp;Evelyn Tara ,&nbsp;Juli Petereit ,&nbsp;Subhash C. Verma ,&nbsp;Cyprian C. Rossetto","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) relies on many cellular proteins to complete replication and generate new virions. Paraspeckle nuclear bodies consisting of core ribonucleoproteins splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich (SFPQ), Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO), and paraspeckle protein component 1 (PSPC1) along with the long non-coding RNA NEAT1, form a complex that has been speculated to play an important role in viral replication. Paraspeckle bodies are multifunctional and involved in various processes including gene expression, mRNA splicing, and anti-viral defenses. To better understand the role of SFPQ during KSHV replication, we performed SFPQ immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry from KSHV-infected cells. Proteomic analysis showed that during lytic reactivation, SFPQ associates with viral proteins, including ORF10, ORF59, and ORF61. These results are consistent with a previously reported ORF59 proteomics assay identifying SFPQ. To test if the association between ORF59 and SFPQ is important for replication, we first identified the region of ORF59 that associates with SFPQ using a series of 50 amino acid deletion mutants of ORF59 in the KSHV BACmid system. By performing co-immunoprecipitations, we identified the region spanning amino acids 101–150 of ORF59 as the association domain with SFPQ. Using this information, we generated a dominant negative polypeptide of ORF59 encompassing amino acids 101–150, that disrupted the association between SFPQ and full-length ORF59, and decreased virus production. Interestingly, when we tested other human herpesvirus processivity factors (EBV BMRF1, HSV-1 UL42, and HCMV UL44) by transfection of each expression plasmid followed by co-immunoprecipitation, we found a conserved association with SFPQ. These are limited studies that remain to be done in the context of infection but suggest a potential association of SFPQ with processivity factors across multiple herpesviruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001497/pdfft?md5=ebe81682ec25edcd013aa730da9b6053&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001497-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of novel synthetic peptides of avian hepatitis E virus ORF2 as vaccine candidate in chickens","authors":"Yiyang Chen ,&nbsp;Yujia Tang ,&nbsp;Shiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinuo Tian ,&nbsp;Shenhao Xu ,&nbsp;Chengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Huanqing Lin ,&nbsp;Qin Zhao ,&nbsp;En-Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Baoyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) has resulted in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. There is currently no commercial vaccination available to prevent avian HEV infection. Previously, a novel epitope (⁶⁰¹TFPS⁶⁰⁴) was discovered in the ORF2 protein of avian HEV. In this study, peptides were synthesized and assessed for their ability to provide immunoprotecting against avian HEV infection in poultry. Twenty-five Hy-Line Variety Brown laying hens were randomly divided into five groups; groups 1 to 3 respectively immunized with RLLDRLSRTFPS, PETRRLLDRLSR (irrelevant peptide control), or truncated avian HEV ORF2 protein (aa 339–606), while group 4 (negative control) was mock-immunized with PBS and group 5 (normal control) was not immunized or challenged. After the challenge, all hens in groups 2 and 4 showed seroconversion, fecal virus shedding, viremia, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level increasing, liver lesions and HEV antigen in the liver. There were no pathogenic effects in other groups. Collectively, all of these findings showed that hens were completely protected against avian HEV infection when they were immunized with the peptide containing TFPS of the avian HEV ORF2 protein.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001527/pdfft?md5=c4369c58e3ab65a546bd30ab4ea84066&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001527-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assessment of the anti-adenoviral activity of artemisinin and its derivatives","authors":"Diyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Ning ,&nbsp;Yuyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuehua Xu ,&nbsp;Dongwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Huifeng Fan ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Gen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adenoviral infections, particularly in children, remain a significant public health issue with no approved targeted treatments. Artemisinin and its derivatives, well-known for their use in malaria treatment, have shown antiviral activities in recent studies. However, their efficacy against human adenovirus (HAdV) remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess the activity of artemisinin and its derivatives against HAdV infection in vitro using cell lines and primary cells. Our data revealed that artemisinin exhibited dose-dependent anti-HAdV activity with no apparent cytotoxicity over a wide concentration range. Mechanistically, artemisinin did not affect viral attachment or entry into target cells, nor the viral genome entry into cell nucleus. Instead, it inhibited HAdV through suppression of viral DNA replication. Comparative analysis with its derivatives, artesunate and artemisone, showed distinct cytotoxicity and anti-adenoviral profiles, with artemisone showing superior efficacy and lower toxicity. Further validation using a primary airway epithelial cell model confirmed the anti-adenoviral activity of both artemisinin and artemisone against different virus strains. Together, our findings suggest that artemisinin and its derivatives may be promising candidates for anti-HAdV treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001412/pdfft?md5=c4356e42e31743b8ace3d1dc00e713cc&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral effect of the viroporin inhibitors against Taiwan isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)","authors":"Mikael Cristofer Sitinjak ,&nbsp;Jui-Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Fang-Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Ming-Hon Hou ,&nbsp;Shan-Meng Lin ,&nbsp;Hung-Jen Liu ,&nbsp;Chi-Young Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) are significant animal and human pathogens, characterized by being enveloped RNA viruses with positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The Coronaviridae family encompasses four genera, among which gammacoronaviruses pose a major threat to the poultry industry, which infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) being the most prominent of these threats. Particularly, IBV adversely affects broiler growth and egg production, causing substantial losses. The IBV strains currently circulating in Taiwan include the IBV Taiwan-I (TW-I) serotype, IBV Taiwan-II (TW-II) serotype, and vaccine strains. Therefore, ongoing efforts have focused on developing novel vaccines and discovering antiviral agents. The envelope (E) proteins of CoVs accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment prior to virus budding. These E proteins assemble into viroporins, exhibiting ion channel activity that leads to cell membrane disruption, making them attractive targets for antiviral therapy.</p><p>In this study, we investigated the E proteins of IBV H-120, as well as IBV serotypes TW-I and TW-II. E protein expression resulted in inhibited bacteria growth, increased permeability of bacteria to β-galactosidase substrates, and blocked protein synthesis of bacteria by hygromycin B (HygB). Furthermore, in the presence of E proteins, HygB also impeded protein translation in DF-1 cells and damaged their membrane integrity. Collectively, these findings confirm the viroporin activity of the E proteins from IBV H-120, IBV serotype TW-I, and IBV serotype TW-II. Next, the viroporin inhibitors, 5-(N,N-hexamethylene) amiloride (HMA) and 4,4’-diisothiocyano stilbene-2,2’-disulphonic acid (DIDS) were used to inhibit the viroporin activities of the E proteins of IBV H-120, IBV serotype TW-I, and IBV serotype TW-II. In chicken embryos and chickens infected with IBV serotypes TW-I and IBV TW-II, no survivors were observed at 6 and 11 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. However, treatments with both DIDS and HMA increased the survival rates in infected chicken embryos and chickens and mitigated histopathological lesions in the trachea and kidney. Additionally, a 3D pentameric structure of the IBV E protein was constructed via homology modeling. As expected, both inhibitors were found to bind to the lipid-facing surface within the transmembrane domain of the E protein, inhibiting ion conduction. Taken together, our findings provide comprehensive evidence supporting the use of viroporin inhibitors as promising antiviral agents against IBV Taiwan isolates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001515/pdfft?md5=d9ee6b6fb11971c725661e8d1c38bfad&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001515-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon alpha induces a stronger antiviral effect than interferon lambda in HBV/HDV infected humanized mice","authors":"Sarah Duehren ,&nbsp;Takuro Uchida ,&nbsp;Masataka Tsuge ,&nbsp;Nobuhiko Hiraga ,&nbsp;Susan L. Uprichard ,&nbsp;Ohad Etzion ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Glenn ,&nbsp;Christopher Koh ,&nbsp;Theo Heller ,&nbsp;Scott J. Cotler ,&nbsp;Shiro Oka ,&nbsp;Kazuaki Chayama ,&nbsp;Harel Dahari","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies indicate that treatment of chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) with either pegylated interferon (IFN)λ or pegylated IFNα monotherapy leads to a dramatic decline in HDV RNA. Herein, we investigated the innate antiviral efficacy of IFNλ and IFNα in humanized mice that lack an adaptive immune response. Humanized mice were either co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV simultaneously, or HDV infection was performed subsequent to HBV infection (i.e., superinfected). After steady viral replication was achieved, mice received either IFNλ (<em>n</em> = 6) or IFNα (<em>n</em> = 7) for 12 (or 13) weeks. Pretreatment median levels of serum HBV DNA (8.8 [IQR:0.2] log IU/ml), HDV RNA (9.8 [0.5] log IU/ml), HBsAg (4.0 [0.4] log IU/ml) and human albumin, hAlb (6.9 [0.1] log ng/mL) were similar between mice treated with IFNα or IFNλ and between those coinfected versus superinfected. Compared to mice treated with IFNλ, mice treated with IFNα had a significantly greater decline in HBV, HDV, and HBsAg levels. In conclusion, IFNα induces stronger inhibition of HBV and HDV than IFNλ in humanized mice that lack an adaptive immune response. Further studies are needed to assess the respective role of the combined innate-and adaptive-immune systems in the treatment of HBV and HDV with IFNα and IFNλ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001448/pdfft?md5=cdaedbbad67ee80968aa420f057b651b&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from peel and juice C. limon and their antiviral efficacy against HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Federica Dell'Annunziata ,&nbsp;Ekaterine Mosidze ,&nbsp;Veronica Folliero ,&nbsp;Erwin P. Lamparelli ,&nbsp;Valentina Lopardo ,&nbsp;Pasquale Pagliano ,&nbsp;Giovanna Della Porta ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Galdiero ,&nbsp;Aliosha Dzh Bakuridze ,&nbsp;Gianluigi Franci","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing threat of viral infections requires innovative therapeutic approaches to safeguard human health. Nanomaterials emerge as a promising solution to overcome the limitations associated with conventional therapies. The eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) currently represents a method that guarantees antimicrobial efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. This study explores the use of AgNPs derived from the peel (Lp-AgNPs) and juice (Lj-AgNPs) <em>Citrus limon “Ovale di Sorrento”</em>, cultivars of the Campania region. The antiviral potential was tested against viruses belonging to the <em>Coronaviridae</em> and <em>Herpesviridae</em>. AgNPs were synthesized by reduction method using silver nitrate solution mixed with aqueous extract of <em>C. limon</em> peel and juice. The formation of Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs was assessed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The size, ζ-potential, concentration, and morphology of AgNPs were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in a concentration range between 500 and 7.8 µg/mL on VERO-76 and HaCaT cells, with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium test bromide (MTT). Antiviral activity consisted of virus pre-treatment, co-treatment, cellular pre-treatment, and post-infection tests versus HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infections (MOI) of 0.01. Plaque reduction assays and real-time PCR provided data on the antiviral potential of tested compounds. Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs exhibited spherical morphology with respective diameters of 60 and 92 nm with concentrations of 4.22 and 4.84 × 10¹⁰ particles/mL, respectively. The MTT data demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity, with 50 % cytotoxic concentrations (CC₅₀) of Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs against VERO cells of 754.6 and 486.7 µg/mL. Similarly, CC₅₀ values against HaCaT were 457.3 µg/mL for Lp-AgNPs and 339.6 µg/mL for Lj-AgNPs, respectively. In the virus pre-treatment assay, 90 % inhibitory concentrations of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 were 8.54–135.04 µg/mL for Lp-AgNPs and 6.13–186.77 µg/mL for Lj-AgNPs, respectively. The molecular investigation confirmed the antiviral data, recording a reduction in the UL54 and UL27 genes for HSV-1 and in the Spike (S) gene for SARS-CoV-2, following AgNP exposure. The results of this study suggest that Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs derived from <em>C. Limon</em> could offer a valid ecological, natural, local and safe strategy against viral infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 199455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224001485/pdfft?md5=0c8250a8a812d909e10b66b46c36f7f5&pid=1-s2.0-S0168170224001485-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}