Virus research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of interleukin-17A on anti-ANT antibodies as well as cytokines in viral myocarditis mice.","authors":"Weiwei Li, Wei Jiao, Fang Li, Jie Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To observe the effect of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) on serum anti-mitochondrial endosomal ADP/ATP carrier autoantibody (anti-ANT antibody) levels and cytokines in viral myocarditis (VMC) mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male wild-type (WT) and IL-17A knockout (IL-17A<sup>-/-</sup>) BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to establish a VMC model (VMC-WT and VMC-IL-17A<sup>-/-</sup>), while WT BALB/c mice were injected with PBS intraperitoneally to establish a normal control group (WT group). After 14 days, myocardial tissues were taken to calculate heart mass, and paraffin sections were prepared and stained with HE staining to observe the pathological changes and calculate the pathological score of myocardial tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect the level of CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, ELISA was used to determine the level of anti-ANT antibody, IL-17 and IL-23 in serum, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of IL-17 and IL-23 proteins in myocardial tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VMC mice were successfully constructed. Mice in the WT group showed no abnormal activity; Mice in the VMC-WT group gradually showed behaviors such as huddling, shrugging, trembling, and poor response from the third day of injection; Mice in the VMC-IL-17A<sup>-/-</sup> group showed the above symptoms to a lesser extent. In the VMC-WT group, the HM and pathological score were 5.62 ± 0.27 g/kg and 3.12 ± 0.45 score. The HM and pathologic score in the VMC-IL-17A<sup>-/-</sup> group were lower than those in the VMC-WT group. The pathological examination of WT mice showed no inflammatory cell infiltration and patchy necrosis. The rats in VMC-WT group showed extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and large sheet necrosis of cardiomyocytes under microscope. Compared with the VMC-WT group, the VMC-IL-17A<sup>-/-</sup> group showed focal myocardial necrosis and significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration 14 days after CVB3 infection. At the same time, the percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup>T was remarkably lower in the VMC-WT mice compared with the WT mice. The percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup>T was higher in the VMC-IL-17A<sup>-/-</sup> group (27.54 ± 3.62) than in the VMC-WT group (16.97 ± 2.18). In addition, anti-ANT antibody (1.48 ± 0.31 μg/L), IL-17 (33.47 ± 4.26 pg/mL) and IL-23 (32.42 ± 4.31 pg/mL) levels were significantly lower in serum of VMC-IL-17A<sup>-/-</sup> mice than in the VMC-WT mice. At the protein level, the expression of IL-17 and IL-23 showed consistent results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum anti-ANT antibody, IL-17, and IL-23 levels were significantly elevated in VMC mice. Although the ELISA results suggest IL-17A is involved in the production of anti-ANT antibody in VMC mice, the possibility of cross-reactivity cannot be completely ruled out; therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. The knockdown of I","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":" ","pages":"199635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of IL10 polymorphism in chronic progression of hepatitis B virus infection.","authors":"Yasmine Chelbi, Manel Hamdoun, Hamza Cherni, Hinda Triki, Melika Ben Ahmed, Olfa Bahri","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health issue. Its progression depends on several factors, including immunogenetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between interleukin 10 gene (IL10) polymorphism and the progression of this infection. This retrospective case-control study involved 156 chronic HBV carriers (CHBV-C) and 174 healthy HBV-negative controls (HBsAg-). The analysis of IL10 promoter polymorphism was carried out using the TaqMan allele discrimination technique at two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -592A>C (rs1800872) and -1082A>G (rs1800896), of the IL10 promoter. IL10 levels were measured using an in-house Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for all patients chronically infected by HBV who had not yet received treatment. Chronic HBV infection (CBI) was present in 32% (n=43) of cases, 37% (n=51) had active chronic hepatitis (ACH), and 31% had complicated hepatitis. The analysis of allele polymorphism identified six genotypes: AA (14%), AC (43%), and CC (43%) for SNP-592A>C, and AA (41%), AG (45%) and GG (14%) for SNP-1082A>G. The only genotype that was substantially more common in CHBV-C patients was -1082/GG (OR=1.9; CI95%=[1,3.62]; p=0.046). When compared to controls, the IL10 level was significantly higher in CBI patients (3.27 vs. 2.56 pg/ml;p=0.002). Significantly higher IL10 levels were also linked to the genotypes -1082 GG (6.02 pg/ml;p=0.04) and -592CC (3.73 pg/ml;p=0.039). With the -592 AA genotype, this level was noticeably lower (1.35 pg/ml;p=0.014). These findings support the hypothesis that the development of chronicity in HBV infection is linked to elevated IL10 levels and the -1082 GG polymorphism in the gene's promoter.</p>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":" ","pages":"199636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of H1N2 influenza viruses in turkeys after spillover from swine and in vitro characterization","authors":"Chloé Chavoix ,&nbsp;Pascale Massin ,&nbsp;François-Xavier Briand ,&nbsp;Katell Louboutin ,&nbsp;Rachel Busson ,&nbsp;Florent Souchaud ,&nbsp;Gautier Richard ,&nbsp;Claire Martenot ,&nbsp;Aurélie Le Roux ,&nbsp;Edouard Hirchaud ,&nbsp;Yannick Blanchard ,&nbsp;Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu ,&nbsp;Axelle Scoizec ,&nbsp;Céline Deblanc ,&nbsp;Séverine Hervé ,&nbsp;Audrey Schmitz ,&nbsp;Eric Niqueux ,&nbsp;Gaëlle Simon ,&nbsp;Ronan Le Goffic ,&nbsp;Béatrice Grasland","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate among animals and humans and can cross species barriers to adapt to new hosts. In France, since 2020, a new genotype named H1_avN2#E has predominated in pig farms. In parallel, this virus was detected in 19 breeding turkey flocks and in a human case, indicating interspecies transmission. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze viral sequences detected in turkeys between April 2020 and January 2023 and compare them with swine sequences to identify potential markers of adaptation and (ii) to characterize three representative viruses <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in ovo</em> on MDCK, MLE15 and A549 cells, as well as on embryonated chicken eggs. Results suggest that following initial swine-to-turkey spillovers, the virus circulated between turkey farms. Phylogenetic analyses and host origin guided the selection of three viruses: a reference swine virus (A), a turkey strain closely related to swine viruses (B) and a virus apparently circulating in turkeys (C). Three molecular markers may contribute to turkey adaptation: the E233K, under positive selection pressure, or E236K mutations in the 220-loop of the receptor-binding site of HA protein and two NA substitutions, T401N in antigenic site 2d and S416N. Replication kinetics showed that at low MOI (0.001), virus C produced more infectious particles on MDCK and A549 cells, whereas at high MOI (0.1), virus B produced more. <em>In ovo</em>, infectious particles were generated for viruses A and B but not efficiently for virus C, in contrast to mammalian cells where production was higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 199634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between COVID-19 vaccination and progression to severe outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Hungary during the pre-Omicron era of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Zoltán Vokó ,&nbsp;Gergő Túri ,&nbsp;Beatrix Oroszi ,&nbsp;Éva Belicza ,&nbsp;Tamás Kováts ,&nbsp;Veronika Müller ,&nbsp;János Réthelyi ,&nbsp;Attila Szijártó ,&nbsp;Tamás Masszi ,&nbsp;István Takács ,&nbsp;János Gál ,&nbsp;Zsolt Göböl ,&nbsp;Attila Szabó ,&nbsp;Csaba Varga ,&nbsp;Dávid Becker ,&nbsp;Béla Merkely","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COVID-19 vaccines reduce hospitalization risk, but data on severe outcomes are limited. We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on severe outcomes in hospitalized patients in Hungary during the pre-Omicron era, addressing a regional knowledge gap. This retrospective study included hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (March 2020 – December 2021) who were categorized as unvaccinated, primary immunized, or booster-vaccinated. Outcomes included oxygen therapy, ventilation types, ECMO, and death, with the most severe outcome as the primary outcome and individual outcomes as secondary measures. Polytomous logistic regression calculated relative risk ratios for the primary outcome and COVID-19 vaccination status, while logistic regression estimated odds ratios for individual outcomes. During the study, 7575 patients were hospitalized with PCR-confirmed COVID-19: 6420 (84.8 %) were unvaccinated, 1016 (13.4 %) received a primary vaccination series, and 139 (1.8 %) had received a booster dose. COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of both invasive ventilation and in-hospital death as the most severe outcome by 50 % within 12 months (relative risk ratio [RRR]: 0.52, 95 % CI: 0.30–0.89; 0.50, 95 % CI: 0.41–0.61). Booster doses within six months decreased the risk of in-hospital death to a similar extent (RRR 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.30–0.72). Primary and booster vaccination reduced the risk of progression to severe outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 199633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Potential Inhibitors of Zika Virus Envelope Protein Through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Jehad Zuhair Tayyeb ,&nbsp;Maria Karolaynne da Silva ,&nbsp;Aamal A. Al-Mutairi ,&nbsp;Hanan M. Alharbi ,&nbsp;Alaa A. Khojah ,&nbsp;Imren Bayıl ,&nbsp;Abdullah Yahya Abdullah Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Zsolt Tóth ,&nbsp;Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira ,&nbsp;Magdi E.A. Zaki","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zika virus (ZIKV) infection remains a global health threat with no approved antivirals or vaccines to date, creating an urgent need for therapeutics targeting ZIKV. The viral envelope (E) protein is critical for host cell entry and represents a validated target for antiviral intervention. Here, we aimed to identify natural flavonoid compounds capable of inhibiting the ZIKV E protein using a dual-phase <em>in silico</em> screening strategy. First, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to optimize the structures of nine candidate flavonoids and obtain quantum chemical descriptors (electronic properties); we also evaluated their drug-likeness and ADMET profiles. Second, we conducted molecular docking of these optimized flavonoids to the E protein, followed by hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) refinement and 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with principal component analysis (PCA) and MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations to assess binding interactions and complex stability. Docking identified quercetin, pinocembrin, and naringenin as the top binders, with binding energies of –8.3, –8.1, and –8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. These lead flavonoids also exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including high predicted gastrointestinal absorption, efficient clearance, and minimal toxicity risk (no carcinogenic or organ-specific alerts). Notably, pinocembrin’s complex demonstrated the greatest stability throughout a 100 ns MD simulation, maintaining a tightly bound conformation. In conclusion, quercetin, pinocembrin, and naringenin emerge as promising ZIKV E protein inhibitors with robust target engagement and favorable drug-like profiles. Their significant translational potential as antiviral candidates warrants further <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies to confirm efficacy and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 199630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Characterization and antibody preparation of the gene products of grouper iridovirus ORF120L’ [Virus Research 360 (2025) 199625]","authors":"Chu-Fan Cheng ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Chieh Chuang ,&nbsp;Yu-Shen Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 199628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145055942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 to domestic dogs in COVID-19–positive households: A one health surveillance study","authors":"Santhamani Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Felipe Bustamante ,&nbsp;Lindsey C. LaBella ,&nbsp;Stephen D. Cole ,&nbsp;Jay Armstrong ,&nbsp;David L. Thompson ,&nbsp;John M. Hardham ,&nbsp;Suresh V. Kuchipudi ,&nbsp;Deepanker Tewari","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is capable of infecting m<em>ultiple species</em> through human-to-animal spillover. Human to animal spillovers have been documented both in domestic and wild animal species. Due to close contact in shared households, pet dogs may be at increased risk for contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus from infected individuals in the same household. In this study, we have analyzed serum samples from dogs (<em>n</em>=196) from Pennsylvania during 2021-2022 for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. The dogs in this analysis included those that were exposed to individuals of the household, who had history of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and from dogs with no known history of potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Our analysis found a significantly higher seroprevalence (68 %) among the dogs with exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection from individuals from COVID-19 positive household compared to other dogs. Our study found the overall seroprevalence of 12.24 % among dogs as determined using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). All sera that were positive by sVNT were also positive by pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) except for sera from one dog, likely due to a lower antibody response. The antibody titers using the panel of spike pseudoviruses in pVNT test showed higher titers against the Delta, Gamma and Alpha variants compared to Omicron. We also tested the diagnostic capabilities of a lateral flow assay (LFA) developed by Zoetis by comparing it to sVNT and pVNT. The LFA showed sensitivity and specificity of 85 % compared to sVNT and 75 % compared to the pVNT indicating its potential for field use. These findings provide serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 spillover to pet dogs and underscore the importance of continued surveillance in companion animals as part of a One Health approach, especially as new viral variants continue to emerge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 199629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune-mediated bone loss: A Mendelian randomization and NHANES-based study of viral infections and osteoporosis","authors":"Li Xiong ,&nbsp;Lingting Wang ,&nbsp;He Liu ,&nbsp;Yufei He ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for fractures, yet the contribution of immune responses to its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study investigates whether common viral infections, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), contribute to osteoporosis through immune-mediated pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data and complemented this with observational analyses from the NHANES 2003–2004 cycle. Antibody responses to EBV, HHV-6, and VZV were examined for potential causal effects on bone mineral density (BMD) at key skeletal sites.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MR analyses indicated that stronger antibody responses to EBV, HHV-6, and VZV were associated with reduced BMD, particularly at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (OR = 1.18, 95 % CI: 1.02–1.36, <em>p</em> = 0.040). Subgroup analyses suggested more pronounced reductions among young men with EBV and elderly women with VZV. Sensitivity tests supported the robustness of these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that common herpesvirus infections may contribute to bone loss via immune-mediated mechanisms, especially in vulnerable subgroups. These results provide epidemiological support for a viral–immune link in osteoporosis and underscore the need for mechanistic and longitudinal studies to clarify underlying pathways and guide future preventive strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 199627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults with celiac disease exhibit overexpression of endogenous retroviruses, TRIM28, and SETDB1 despite gluten-free diet.","authors":"Pier-Angelo Tovo, Angelo Armandi, Mauro Bruno, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Paola Montanari, Demis Pitoni, Cristina Calvi, Simone Frara, Eleonora Dileo, Stefano Gambarino, Ilaria Galliano, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Massimiliano Bergallo","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Celiac disease (CeD) is a disorder due to abnormal immune response to gluten protein in individuals with predisposing genotypes. Its origin is not fully understood. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) derive from ancestral infections of germinal cells and represent 8 % of the human DNA. They are mostly inactive, but some can be activated. Their aberrant expressions are associated with inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. HERV transcription is modulated by TRIM28 and SETDB1, which are also directly implicated in epigenetic processes and modulation of the immune response. We reported HERV overexpressions in CeD children at diagnosis. In the current prospective study, using a PCR real-time Taqman amplification assay, we explored the transcription levels of HERV-H-pol, -HERV-K-pol, and HERV-W-pol, of syncytin 1 (SYN1), SYN2, and HERV-W-env, as well as of TRIM28 and SETDB1 in the whole blood from 51 adults with CeD after years of good compliance with gluten-free diet (GFD) as compared to healthy controls (HC) of similar age. The transcriptional levels of every HERV and of TRIM28/SETDB1 were significantly higher in CeD patients than in HC (constantly with p < 0.0001). Positive correlations were found between the RNA levels of TRIM28 or SETDB1 and HERVs in CeD patients. The upregulation of HERVs, TRIM28, and SETDB1 and their positive correlations are suggestive clues of their contribution to the pathophysiology of CeD and might justify the persistent risk of developing, despite GFD, autoimmune diseases, neuropsychiatric disturbances, and cancers, all disorders characterized by enhanced HERV expressions and epigenetic alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":" ","pages":"199613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutation profiling, evolution analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and functional characterization of Omicron sub-strains","authors":"Tian Gong ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Lin ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Tao ,&nbsp;Ting Zeng ,&nbsp;Xinyi Ren ,&nbsp;Zhiting Xie ,&nbsp;Xiao Lei ,&nbsp;Sufeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengsheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have posed a severe threat to global health, and their functional impact remains to be further characterized. Here, we analyzed the selection pressure from 49 Omicron sub-strains at the gene and amino acid levels. We also examined the impact of mutations on the binding affinity between the receptor binding domain (RBD) and angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and evaluated the immune escape ability of RBD responding to the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through molecular dynamics simulation on eight representative Omicron sub-variants (B.1.1.529, BA.2, XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, JN.1, KP.2, KP.3, and KP.3.1.1). We identified 12 positive selection mutation sites on the viral S protein, including 11 mutation sites in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and RBD regions. A large number of accumulated mutation sites led to an increase in the receptor binding affinity of B.1.1.529 and BA.2.86. In particular, the “saltatory” evolution of BA.2.86 reached to its maximum binding affinity. The E484K mutation exhibited the highest binding affinity in the BA.2.86 and its descendants. New mutation sites either did not affect the binding affinity (R346T, L455S and F456L) or decrease the affinity (K356T and Q493E), reflecting the fluctuation of total receptor binding force. Mutations and shortened conformational epitopes on RBD may mediate the immune escape in the variants of BA.2.86. Moreover, we revealed that the ABBV-47D11 monoclonal antibody could widely bind to the RBD mutation sites of various mutant strains. Our findings may help understand the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and develop novel strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 199626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}