Virus research最新文献

{"title":"Anti-influenza activity of Blumea Balsamifera (L.) DC. Extract: In vitro and in vivo evaluation against multiple influenza virus strains","authors":"Zhen Chen ,&nbsp;Ming Cai ,&nbsp;Li Chai ,&nbsp;Xia Li ,&nbsp;Rongcheng Wen ,&nbsp;Jinyan Jia ,&nbsp;Huang Li ,&nbsp;Fei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza virus epidemics occur annually, posing significant public health challenges. Although anti-influenza drugs are available, newly emerged viral strains frequently develop resistance, necessitating the discovery of new antiviral reagents. This study aims to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of Blumea Balsamifera (L.) DC. Extract (BBE) in both in vitro and in vivo settings. The antiviral activity of BBE was assessed using the CellTiter-Glo assay and the cytopathic effect (CPE) assay in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, targeting influenza virus strains H1N1, H3N2, and four influenza B viruses. Specifically, BBE demonstrated significant inhibition of MDCK cell lesions caused by the A subtypes A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2), as well as the B subtypes B/Darwin/58/2019 (Yamagata), B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata), B/Sichuan Gaoxin/531/2018 (Victoria), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria). The extract showed inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 8.71, 11.38, 10.14, 4.66, 3.17, and 4.29 <em>μ</em>g/mL, respectively. Time-of-drug-addition assay results indicated that BBE inhibits the early stages of influenza virus replication. Additionally, in vivo studies in murine models further confirmed the protective effects of BBE, where it reduced viral-induced weight loss, delayed mortality, and mitigated lung tissue damage. These findings suggest that Blumea Balsamifera (L.) DC. extract holds promise as a potential reagent against influenza viruses and warrants further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 199606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of immune responses to intraperitoneal administration of lytic E. coli bacteriophages in mice","authors":"Madina S. Alexyuk,&nbsp;Andrey P. Bogoyavlenskiy,&nbsp;Irina A. Zaitseva,&nbsp;Elmira S. Omirtaeva,&nbsp;Yergali S. Moldakhanov,&nbsp;Kuralay S. Akanova,&nbsp;Elmira I. Anarkulova,&nbsp;Vladimir E. Berezin,&nbsp;Pavel G. Alexyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global spread of bacterial resistance and the decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics, the relevance of phage therapy is constantly growing. However, for systemic use of bacteriophages in medical practice, a complete understanding of their interaction not only with bacterial cells but also with human and animal organisms in the context of co-administered therapy is required.</div><div>This article presents the studies into the effects of lytic <em>Escherichia coli</em> bacteriophages on various immune response factors after their intraperitoneal administration in mice. It was found using Real-Time PCR and ELISA methods that the administration of the vB_EcoM_SCS4 and vB_EcoM_SCS57 phages did not increase the gene expression of TLR3, TLR9, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6 in mice, but led to a multi-fold increase in the gene expression and concentration of IFNγ. Whereas, the injection of the vB_EcoS_SCS44 phage into mice increased the expression of the studied genes, except for the IL-5 gene, by 4 to 7 times and increased the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFNγ, except for IL-5, by 2 to 3 times. When determining the titer of virus-specific antibodies, it was found that after the administration of phages vB_EcoM_SCS4 and vB_EcoM_SCS57, the titer of IgA, IgG and IgM did not differ from that of the control animals, but the administration of phage vB_EcoS_SCS44 stimulated a twofold increase in the titer of phage-specific IgA, IgG, IgM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 199610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic insights into host transcriptional manipulation by ssDNA and ssRNA viruses in the marine planktonic diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus","authors":"Yuki Hongo ,&nbsp;Yuji Tomaru","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The marine diatom <em>Chaetoceros tenuissimus</em> coexists in the coastal ocean with two distinct viruses: a circular single-stranded DNA virus and a single-stranded RNA virus. Both viruses are capable of killing the host in vitro experiments; however, the molecular mechanisms by which host genes respond and are utilized by these viruses for replication and proliferation remain unclear. In this study, RNA-seq analyses were conducted to investigate these mechanisms, and the host transcripts specific to each virus were validated by RT-qPCR. In the early phase of infection, RNA-seq analysis revealed that gene transcription related to endocytosis, vacuolar acidification, and nitrogen metabolism was commonly upregulated. In contrast, genes related to transcription and translation were downregulated in cells inoculated with the DNA virus. In the later phase of infection, cells inoculated with the DNA and RNA viruses showed upregulation of genes related to DNA replication and packing, and autophagy, respectively. These virus-specific gene transcripts were confirmed to differ significantly by RT-qPCR. <em>Chaetoceros tenuissimus</em> has previously inserted a fragment of the DNA viral gene (EVLF) into its genome. Intriguingly, the transcription level of EVLF was upregulated in cells inoculated with the DNA virus as time progressed. Thus, regarding specific molecular responses, the DNA virus may hijack the host replication machinery to replicate its own genome, with EVLF playing a role in viral proliferation, whereas the RNA virus may hijack the autophagosome membrane to replicate its own genome, based on the observed replication of the related RNA virus at the membrane. This fundamental information provides insight into the diatom–virus infectious mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 199605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 mRNA vaccine immune response to the addition of osteopathic manipulative treatment with lymphatic pumps: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Eric S. Martinez ,&nbsp;Sebastien Fuchs ,&nbsp;Hendrik Szurmant ,&nbsp;Xunxuan Chen ,&nbsp;Andrew Comer ,&nbsp;Edward Lee ,&nbsp;Raymond Hruby ,&nbsp;Rebecca Giusti ,&nbsp;Brian Loveless ,&nbsp;Julieanne P. Sees ,&nbsp;Paula Crone ,&nbsp;Laura J. Peek ,&nbsp;Gary Pestano ,&nbsp;Bin Xie ,&nbsp;Joseph Zammuto ,&nbsp;Sir Robert Hostoffer Jr. ,&nbsp;Jesus Sanchez Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has demonstrated immune augmentation in preclinical studies, but direct evidence in humans is lacking. We conducted a randomized controlled trial on the addition of OMT in subjects receiving their first Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccination in 2021. Subjects were randomized to either receive OMT at each vaccination or not. We measured anti-spike protein, anti-nucleocapsid, and neutralizing antibodies. Primary endpoints were time-resolved and cumulative anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers. Secondary endpoints were breakthrough infection symptom frequency, severity, and duration. 104 subjects were randomly assigned to control or OMT group, with 91 subjects completing the primary vaccination series. Initial antibody titers separated subjects into 51 COVID-19-naïve and 40 COVID-19-pre-exposed. COVID19-naïve subjects were selected for analysis based on data homogeneity. In this cohort, the OMT group showed significantly increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers at 3 weeks vs controls (<em>p</em> = 0.038). Cumulative titers in this cohort, were significantly increased in the OMT group at 5 weeks (<em>p</em> = 0.046) and at 13 weeks (<em>p</em> = 0.009) compared to controls. An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of all subjects revealed significant differences in titers between the OMT group and controls at 3 weeks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and at 13 weeks for AUC titers (<em>p</em> = 0.035) as compared to controls. The COVID-19- pre-exposed group showed no significant differences. Both groups had 10 breakthrough infections, but the OMT group experienced fewer and less severe symptoms, with symptom duration reduced from 8 days in controls to 4.5 days in the OMT group (<em>p</em> = 0.013). Medication duration was shorter in the OMT group, 1.5 days vs 5 days (<em>p</em> = 0.014). OMT-treated subjects developed quicker and stronger vaccine-induced antibody titers and had significantly shorter and less severe breakthrough symptoms, suggesting OMT may enhance immune responses to COVID19 vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 199607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus infection induces dramatic changes in the tight junctions and microfilaments of polarized IPEC-J2 cells” [Virus Research 192 (2014) 34-45]","authors":"Shanshan Zhao,&nbsp;Junkai Gao,&nbsp;Liqi Zhu,&nbsp;Qian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 199603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosquito-borne alphaviruses in Zambia: Isolation and characterization of Eilat and Sindbis viruses","authors":"Chadwic De’Sean Mears ,&nbsp;Koshiro Tabata ,&nbsp;Takuma Ariizumi ,&nbsp;Bernard M. Hang'ombe ,&nbsp;Yongjin Qiu ,&nbsp;Hayato Harima ,&nbsp;Masahiro Kajihara ,&nbsp;William W. Hall ,&nbsp;Michihito Sasaki ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Sawa ,&nbsp;Yasuko Orba","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alphaviruses in the family <em>Togaviridae</em> include zoonotic arthropod-borne viruses, including Sindbis virus (SINV), chikungunya virus, as well as insect-specific viruses such as Eilat virus (EILV). Previous investigations of alphaviruses in Zambia have identified a novel insect-specific alphavirus, Mwinilunga alphavirus in mosquitoes. Further ongoing surveillance resulted in the isolation of EILV and SINV for the first time in Zambia. Here, these alphaviruses were characterized in terms of growth kinetics in cells, and molecular phylogenetic relatedness to other alphaviruses. Zambian EILV (strain zmq19_M44) exhibited a close phylogenetic relationship with other insect-specific alphaviruses and shared a close nucleotide identity to those of EILV isolate (90.4 %) and Mwinilunga alphavirus (75.5 %). EILV zmq19_M44 attained a saturating titer in C6/36 cells at 6–8-days post infection but was unable to replicate in mammalian cells. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the Zambian SINV (strain zmq17_M115) belongs in Clade D of SINV Genotype 1 along with the Kenyan isolate BONI 584 from Central Africa. The growth of the SINV zmq17_M115 was comparable to that of the prototype SINV strain AR339 in mammalian cells but was statistically different in insect cells. Our findings will contribute to public health measures for the control of alphaviral diseases in Zambia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 199604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 15-year study of neuraminidase mutations and the increasing of S247N mutation in Spain","authors":"Iván Sanz-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Alejandro Martín-Toribio ,&nbsp;Adrián García-Concejo ,&nbsp;Irene Arroyo-Hernantes ,&nbsp;Marina Toquero-Asensio ,&nbsp;Javier Sánchez-Martínez ,&nbsp;Carla Rodríguez-Crespo ,&nbsp;Silvia Rojo-Rello ,&nbsp;Marta Domínguez-Gil ,&nbsp;Eduardo Tamayo-Gómez ,&nbsp;Marta Hernández-Pérez ,&nbsp;José M Eiros","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The therapeutic arsenal against influenza is extremely limited and resistance often arises due to the emergence of mutations, especially in the neuraminidase (NA) gene. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of NA mutations over 15 years in Spain. To do so, we used the GISAID database from which we downloaded a total of 11,125 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), B/Victoria and B/Yamagata NA virus sequences, and analyzed the resistance mutations using FluSurver software. Our results showed that the occurrence of NA resistance mutations remained constant in the four viruses during the 15 seasons evaluated, being around 0.5–5 %. Most of the resistance was found in the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype (around 70 %), especially from the 2023–2024 season onwards, when a significant increase in the occurrence of S247N mutation was observed. The occurrence of this type of mutation before 2022 was rare, but in the 2023–2024 season a total of 44 influenza viruses harboring S247N mutations were detected, while in the other years, only two cases were observed. Some studies have described a significant increase in this mutation over the past two seasons and although it appears to confer only slightly reduced inhibition to oseltamivir, its increase is noteworthy and should be a reason for increased their vigilance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 199599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of T cell epitopes defined from the proteome of human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"Yan Ding ,&nbsp;Ling Huang ,&nbsp;Yandan Wu ,&nbsp;Jialai Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists as a formidable and far - reaching threat without a cure. T cells are crucial for antiviral immunity and pathology in HIV patients, with specific T cell epitopes potentially key to effective therapies and HIV cure methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Identifying sufficient T-cell epitopes within the HIV proteome holds great significance. It can not only substantially accelerate the development of T-cell epitope-based vaccines but also enable a highly precise evaluation of the host's HIV-specific cellular immunity. This research provides an overview of functionally verified T-cell epitopes derived from HIV antigens, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, as well as the screening and identification strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Totally, 239 and 82 epitopes have been verified for CD8⁺ T-cell and CD4⁺ T-cell respectively by functional experiments. The majority are presented by various HLA supertypes, such as HLA-B35, B5301, A6802 or A0201, and DRB1 molecules. Furthermore, 74 % of the epitopes for CD8⁺T-cell belong to Gag, Pol, as well as Nef Protein while 68 % of the CD4⁺ T-cell epitopes originate from Gag protein. Antigenic peptides of HIV-1 subtypes A/B/C/D/CRF01_AE account for 11.43 %, 58.26 %, 21.69 %, 4.96 %, and 3.65 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 321 T-cell epitope repertoires of HIV encompass the HLA polymorphisms of the main populations and subtypes in a particular geographical area. These epitope catalogs provide strong support for researching therapeutic vaccines, specific T-cell detection, and the interaction mechanism between HIV and the immune system. However, the limitations of the identified T-cell epitope library, the polymorphism of HLA molecules, and the high mutation rate of HIV require more research to cover the entire HIV proteome and the comprehensive landscape of T-cell epitopes in global patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 199602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating vaccine development: Plug-and-play platforms for emerging infectious diseases","authors":"Kairui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging pathogens underscore an urgent need for rapidly developed vaccines to minimize mortality and societal disruption. Traditional vaccine development requires time spans of years, making it ill-suited to fast evolving viruses that can overwhelm healthcare systems and economies. In response, plug-and-play vaccine platforms offer a more agile solution. By reusing proven backbones, they reduce the repetitive safety and production steps otherwise required for each new pathogen, thus accelerating both regulatory approval and large-scale manufacturing. In parallel, artificial intelligence and computational tools enable faster antigen and epitope identification, more accurate immune response modeling, and improved vaccine design. These innovations have already shortened timelines and enhanced efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 199601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary characterization and pathogenicity of a porcine G9P[23] rotavirus with gene segments linked to canine and giant panda strains","authors":"Xi Li ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Yuankui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yarong Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjun Liu ,&nbsp;Yanli Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine rotavirus A (RVA) has emerged as an increasingly consequential zoonotic pathogen, causing severe intestinal disorders across diverse mammalian species, including humans. During of an outbreak that struck nursing piglets with diarrhea, a porcine G9P[23] rotavirus, named as RVA/Pig-wt/China/ZJ03/2022/G9P[23] (hereafter referred to as ZJ03), was identified. To further elucidate the evolutionary diversity of ZJ03, a comprehensive analysis of all genome segments was conducted. The genome constellation was identified as G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Nucleotide sequence identity and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the VP3 and NSP1 genes of ZJ03 are most closely related to the corresponding genes of the giant panda strain and the dog strain, respectively, showing the highest homology at 95.73 % identity and 94.64 %. The remaining genes demonstrated the most intimate relationship with porcine strains. Their highest homology levels ranged from 95.98 % to 99.49 % similarity. Therefore, evidence suggests interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment events between porcine, canine, and giant panda rotavirus strains. To evaluate the pathogenicity of ZJ03 strain, we experimentally infected 3-day-old piglets oral inoculation with the PoRV ZJ03 strain at a dose of 2 × 10^5.5 TCID₅₀/ml per piglet. The infection resulted in severe diarrhea in all piglets, which occurred at 48 h post-infection (hpi), accompanied by sustained viral shedding and characteristic small intestinal villous atrophy, indicating significant damage to the intestinal epithelium. In vitro, ZJ03 exhibited efficient replication kinetics in MA104 cells, reaching peak titers of 10^9.25 TCID₅₀/mL at 36 h post-infection. This study reports the first documented case of a novel porcine G9P[23] rotavirus with gene segments linked to canine and giant panda strains in mainland China, characterized by high viral titer and virulence. The findings highlight the emergence of a previously unrecorded RVA strain with significant virological and ecological implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 199600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}