Virus research最新文献

{"title":"Recombinant adeno-associated virus 2-mediated miRNA-199 suppression vector alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.","authors":"Wang Shanshan, Zhao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Mouse colonic tissue was transfected with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) 2 vector. We aimed to determine whether the rAAV vector could mediate gene expression in the colonic tissue and the role of microRNA (miRNA)-199a-5p in regulating the colonic inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Different transfection methods and transfection times were found to be the most effective for mouse colonic tissue. The rAAV-miRNA-199a-5p vector (and control) was transfected into the colonic tissue of a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. PCR was used to quantify miRNA and mRNA expression levels, and the TUNNEL assay was used to identify cellular regulation and histological alterations in colonic tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At three weeks following transfection, rAAV produced a higher transfection efficiency in colonic tissues via enucleation than via caudal vein injection and intraperitoneal injection. The colonic inflammatory response and apoptosis in mouse colonic tissues were reduced by miRNA-199a-5p inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>rAAV can be used as a vector to inhibit gene expression in mouse colonic tissues. In mice with colitis, the rAAV-mediated suppression of miRNA-199a-5p reduces the inflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":" ","pages":"199588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Semliki Forest virus replication with long double-stranded RNA in Aedes albopictus cells","authors":"Alejandra Centurión ,&nbsp;Bodunrin Omokungbe ,&nbsp;Sabrina Stiehler ,&nbsp;Andreas Vilcinskas ,&nbsp;Kornelia Hardes","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arthropod-borne viruses represent an increasing threat to the global health system, requiring the development of novel and sustainable control strategies to reduce the risk of arboviral infections. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a potential approach to directly prevent viral replication within vectors due to its specificity in gene silencing. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting six regions of the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) genome in <em>Aedes albopictus</em> U4.4 cells. The antiviral efficiency of dsRNA alone is low, therefore we evaluated its use after complexing with the K4 Transfection System (K4). A cytotoxicity assay based on ATP quantification showed that both uncomplexed and complexed dsRNA had no cytotoxic effects on U4.4 cells at a concentration up to 2 ng/µL. Complexed dsRNA achieved higher antiviral efficacy, significantly reducing viral replication compared to uncomplexed dsRNA. We found that complexed dsRNA retained its antiviral activity when challenged with SFV up to 72 h post-transfection. Among our synthesized dsRNA constructs, nsP4-dsRNA in complex with K4 led to an 80 % reduction in viral replication at 72 h post-infection at 0.5 ng/µL. Using RT-qPCR, we confirmed a significant 32.2 % reduction of nsP4 mRNA after transfection of complexed nsP4-dsRNA. Dose response assays showed that complexed dsRNAs with a concentration of 0.5 ng/µL are effective for viral reduction. Our results highlight the importance of efficient dsRNA delivery and selection of critical viral targets, such as nsP4, for successful RNAi-mediated viral suppression. This work elucidates the potential of dsRNAs to target Semliki Forest virus replication, highlighting viral gene targeting as a viable strategy for RNAi-based suppression of arboviral replication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 199584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale prediction shows that the dominant structure of the HIV-1 domain closed by the U5-AUG duplex contains the alternative SDa hairpin, and the domain variant without SD is rare","authors":"M.I. Zarudnaya,&nbsp;A.L. Potyahaylo,&nbsp;L.G. Gorb","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using several models of the HIV-1 5′ leader, it was shown that the domain containing the structural elements that regulate the processes of dimerization and genome packaging, as well as the initiation of reverse transcription, is closed by the U5-AUG duplex. However, there is no consensus in the literature on the structure of the upper part of this domain. Currently, the model proposed by Keane et al. in 2015 is dominant, although the question of whether it is general structure or specific to the experimental HIV-1 genome NL4–3 of subtype B remains open. To clarify this issue, we conducted large-scale <em>in silico</em> studies on the secondary structure of the domain closed by the U5-AUG duplex in 2754 HIV-1 genomes of different subtypes. Our investigation showed that the proportion of HIV-1 genomes in which the structure of the domain under study is similar to that in Keane et al. model is low. It forms mainly in HIV-1 genomes of subtype B with the frequency of 3.8 % in the optimal foldings or foldings with the energy increment of the lowest change in free energy (ΔΔG)&lt;1.0 kcal/mol. In particular, certain base changes in common SD hairpin or base changes stabilizing Psi hairpin contribute to the formation of this domain variant. The dominant structure of the domain closed by the U5-AUG duplex is similar to that in Wilkinson et al. model (2008) but with the alternative SD hairpin. We found also new variants of this domain, which occur in foldings with ΔΔG&lt;1.0 kcal/mol and may co-exist with dominant structure. However, it is possible that the variants of the domain closed by the U5-AUG duplex similar to Wilkinson et al. or Keane et al. models are formed only in the early stages of HIV-1 replication, while in the late stage (in the presence of nucleocapsid protein) the domain adopts structure similar to that in Sakuragi et al. (2012) model and the initiation of the reverse transcription occurs just in this structure. Extreme conservation of GACGC-GCGUC duplex, proposed in Sakuragi et al. model, supports this assumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 199581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global prevalence of co-occurrence of Sjögren syndrome and Hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nasir Arefinia ,&nbsp;Hedyeh Askarpour ,&nbsp;Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi ,&nbsp;Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sjögren syndrome (SS) is one of the lesser-known autoimmune diseases, with its mechanisms and pathogenesis not yet fully understood. However, recent studies indicate that infectious diseases, such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, may serve as risk factors for the development of SS. Accordingly, this study aimed to estimate the global co-occurrence rate of chronic HCV infection and SS. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a comprehensive search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to June 2024. Data from eligible studies were meticulously extracted and statistically analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. The pooled prevalence of co-occurrence of HCV and SS was calculated using incidence rates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), and the association of chronic HCV infection with the development of SS was assessed via odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % <em>CIs</em>. Analysis of the articles retrieved from the databases showed 24 studies were considered eligible. The pooled estimate for the co-occurrence of HCV and SS was approximately 16.6 % (95 % CI: 8.8–28.9). Moreover, the results indicated that chronic HCV infection significantly increased the risk of developing SS (OR: 2.76; 95 % CI: 1.35–5.63). This study's findings revealed that HCV infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of and susceptibility to SS. Therefore, chronic HCV infection may trigger the onset of SS. However, further studies are required to confirm these results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 199585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant MIR2911 in honeysuckle is effective against SARS-CoV-2 variant","authors":"Chen-Huang Shen ,&nbsp;Huey-Pin Tsai ,&nbsp;Chih-Chieh Chou ,&nbsp;Chun-Sheng Yeh ,&nbsp;Tsen-Hsuan Yen ,&nbsp;Wen-Long Huang ,&nbsp;Meilin Wang ,&nbsp;Michael W.Y. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global health challenge, with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants complicating treatment and prevention efforts. MIR2911, a plant-derived microRNA from honeysuckle, has shown antiviral activity against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigate its efficacy against the Delta variant (B.1.617.2). Computational analysis using RNAhybrid identified multiple MIR2911 recognition elements (MREs) in the Delta variant genome. Reporter assays confirmed that MIR2911 binds these MREs, significantly reducing luciferase activity. In Vero E6 cells infected with the Delta variant, MIR2911 suppressed RdRP RNA expression and viral replication in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by plaque assays. To enhance its therapeutic potential, we developed a novel delivery system using JCPyV CLP, a virus-like particle capable of transducing genetic material. CLP-mediated delivery of MIR2911 not only further improved its antiviral efficacy, reducing RdRP RNA expression and viral plaque formation with minimal toxicity, but also significantly enhanced MIR2911 transfection efficiency compared to conventional liposome-based methods. These findings highlight the potential of MIR2911, delivered via JCPyV CLP, as a promising therapeutic strategy for combating SARS-CoV-2 replication, including the highly virulent Delta variant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 199583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular prevalence and genotypic distribution of human pegivirus-1 among Iranian hemodialysis patients","authors":"Amin Naseri ,&nbsp;Enayat Anvari ,&nbsp;SeyyedehMasumeh Mirnurollahi ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Fateh","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the molecular prevalence and genotypic distribution of Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) in Iranian hemodialysis (HD) patients. A case-control study was conducted from May 2017 to December 2024, including 1576 HD patients and 1000 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Serum samples were analyzed using nested PCR and sequencing of the 5′-UTR region to detect HPgV-1 RNA and determine genotypes. The prevalence of HPgV-1 was significantly higher in HD patients (13.6 %) compared to healthy controls (0.6 %). Among HPgV-1-positive HD patients, only genotype 2a was identified. Co-infections were notable, with 11.8 % of HPgV-1-positive patients also infected with HCV (predominantly genotype 3a), 3.0 % with HBV, and 11.7 % with HIV. Interestingly, HCV co-infected patients exhibited lower liver enzyme levels, while those co-infected with HIV had significantly higher CD4+ <em>T</em> cell counts (605.2 ± 198.7 vs. 412.3 ± 156.8 cells/mm³, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), suggesting potential immunomodulatory effects of HPgV-1. Additionally, factors such as prolonged dialysis duration, elevated urea levels, and older age were significantly associated with HPgV-1 positivity. These findings underscore HD as a major risk factor for HPgV-1 transmission, likely exacerbated by hospital-acquired practices in dialysis units. The observed associations between HPgV-1 and improved clinical parameters in co-infected individuals highlight its complex role in viral pathogenesis, warranting further investigation into its underlying mechanisms. This study emphasizes the urgent need for stringent infection control measures in dialysis settings to mitigate viral transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 199582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen levels are associated with lung infection and tissue‐damage biomarkers","authors":"Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Haiyang Yan ,&nbsp;Yaomeng Huang ,&nbsp;Congzhen Wei ,&nbsp;Jiajia Liu ,&nbsp;Jingna Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen has been confirmed in the peripheral blood of patients with new coronavirus infection,yet its diagnostic and prognostic significance remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 N antigenemia in patients with novel coronavirus positivity, and to assess its potential association with clinical severity and plasma biomarker levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the level of SARS-CoV-2 N antigen, spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and tissue‐damage biomarkers was assessed in 180 plasma samples from 51 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals. Plasma antigen levels were compared with concurrent respiratory nucleic acid amplification test results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with Ct values below 30 showed significantly different serum antigen levels compared to those with Ct values above 30 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). However, no significant positive correlation was found between respiratory viral load and serum antigen levels. Further analysis revealed that patients with pneumonia had markedly higher serum antigen levels than those without (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, serum amyloid A (SAA) and ferritin (Fe) levels were significantly elevated in the antigenemia-positive group compared to the negative group, while procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed no significant differences. Notably, the positivity rate of N antigen in peripheral blood peaked at 47.1% (95% CI: 37.8%–56.7%) during the first week of infection and then gradually decreased over time. Moreover, patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited significantly higher serum antigen levels than those with mild or moderate disease (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were also significantly higher in antigenemia-negative patients than in antigenemia-positive patients (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions:Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of antigenemia in SARS-CoV-2 and suggest its potential as a biomarker for disease monitoring and risk stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 199580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel bacteriophage ST1749 and its effectiveness against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella spp","authors":"Truong Thi Bich Van,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Loan Anh,&nbsp;Van-Thanh Vo,&nbsp;Nguyen Pham Anh Thi","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteriophages are extensively employed across various fields, including medicine, veterinary medicine, the food industry, agriculture, biotechnology, and pharmacy, owing to their numerous advantages. These advantages include rapid clearance of pathogens, self-propagation at the infection site, host specificity, potential for genetic modification, ease of isolation, stability, and low production costs. This study isolated a bacteriophage from shrimp pond wastewater in the Mekong Delta region. The bacteriophage was identified as a lytic bacteriophage belonging to the genus <em>Bruyoghevirus</em>, class <em>Caudoviricetes</em>, with the ability to effectively lyse three bacterial strains: <em>V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella enteritidis</em>, and <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>. Growth curve analysis revealed variations in the latency period and the number of phages produced during the life cycle across all three hosts. Bacteriophage Produced 117, 176, and 52 PFU/cell against <em>V. parahaemolyticus, S. enteritidis</em>, and <em>S. typhimurium</em>, respectively. Phage ST1749 demonstrated activity across a broad range of temperatures (-20 °C to 70 °C) and pH levels (2 to 10), with optimal stability observed at pH 5 to 7. Furthermore, phage ST1749 exhibited biofilm-degrading and lytic capabilities against the three bacterial strains studied. These findings suggest that phage ST1749 has the potential to serve as a biocontrol agent for treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 199579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5,6-dihydroxyflavone exerts anti-betacoronavirus activity by blocking viral entry to host cells","authors":"Yujia Cao ,&nbsp;Kah Man Lai ,&nbsp;Hongling Zheng ,&nbsp;Yee Joo Tan ,&nbsp;Dejian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Baicalin, a bioactive flavone found in <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em> Georgi has anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting viral 3C-like protease (3CLpro). However, little is known about the antiviral activity of its 7-deoxy analogue, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone (5,6-DHF), especially against betacoronaviruses (beta-CoVs). We found that 5,6-DHF exhibited more potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant EG.5.1.1 activity than baicalein by microneutralization test (MNT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). 5,6-Dihydroxyl (catechol) groups at A ring of 5,6-DHF is essential for its suppression on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant EG.5.1.1 infection because blocking them with methyl or methylene groups obsolesce the activity. 3CLpro inhibition assay showed that the antiviral activity of 5,6-DHF is distinctive with baicalein. Time of addition test, molecular docking and spike-bearing pseudotyped virus entry assay suggested that 5,6-DHF interferes the spike-ACE2 interaction by targeting at receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike and hence inhibits the virus replication. In addition to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant EG.5.1.1, 5,6-DHF was also found effective against another common human beta-CoVs, HCoV-OC43, by blocking their entry to host cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the potential function of 5,6-DHF as a therapeutic candidate against beta-CoVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 199578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JNK kinase promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the expression of the inflammatory amplifier TREM1 during influenza a virus infection","authors":"Na Chen,&nbsp;Jiayu Jin,&nbsp;Bingchen Qiao,&nbsp;Zihe Gao,&nbsp;Yusen Tian,&nbsp;Jihui Ping","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the twentieth century, four influenza pandemics caused by IAV have killed millions of people worldwide. IAV infection could induce acute lung injury mediated by cytokine storms, which is an essential cause of death in critically ill patients. Consequently, it is crucial to explore the regulators and regulatory mechanisms of cytokine storms, which may provide potential drug targets and expand our understanding of acute lung injury. Previous studies have shown that JNK kinase is essential in promoting inflammatory responses during viral infections. In this study, we demonstrated that JNK kinase could regulate the IAV-induced cytokine storms by affecting the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Further studies revealed that inhibition of JNK kinase activity significantly downregulated the expression of the inflammatory amplifier TREM1. Besides, TREM1 knockdown could significantly inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, SP600125 is a specific inhibitor of JNK kinase. The results show that TREM1 overexpression reversed the effect of SP600125 treatment on the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Together, we found that JNK kinase could activate the inflammatory amplifier TREM1 to promote inflammatory responses during influenza A virus infection. These findings may provide some inspiration for subsequent researchers to explore the regulatory mechanisms of cytokine storms induced by emerging viral infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 199577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}