Tropical life sciences research最新文献

{"title":"High Carriage of <i>tetA</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i> and <i>bla</i> _TEM Resistance Genes among the Multidrug-resistant Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) Strains from Malaysian Patients.","authors":"Jia-Jin Chin, Hui-Mei Lee, Shuet-Yi Lee, Yin-Ying Lee, Choy-Hoong Chew","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.10","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) strains pose a critical challenge in urinary tract infection (UTI) treatments. However, little work elucidated the resistance mechanisms of the MDR UPEC clinical strains in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes among the UPEC strains. Polymerase chain reactions were conducted to detect the presence of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes among 60 UPEC strains. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 9 antimicrobials were examined through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In this study, the MDR isolates accounted for 40.0% (24/60), with the highest prevalence of resistance towards ampicillin (43/60; 71.7%), followed by tetracycline (31/60; 51.7%), nalidixic acid (30/60; 50.0%), co-trimoxazole (20/60, 33.3%), ciprofloxacin (19/60, 31.7%), levofloxacin (16/60, 21.6%) and chloramphenicol (10/60, 16.7%). In contrast, low resistance rates were observed among minocycline (1/60; 1.7%) and imipenem (0/60; 0.0%). <i>bla</i> _TEM was the most prevalent gene (36/60; 60.0%), followed by <i>tetA</i> (27/60; 45.0%), <i>sul2</i> (25/60; 41.7%), <i>sul1</i> (13/60; 21.7%) and <i>tetB</i> (8/60; 13.3%). Surprisingly, <i>bla</i> _SHV was not detected among the UPEC isolates. The MDR, ampicillin and tetracycline-resistant isolates were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of <i>tetA</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i> and <i>bla</i> _TEM. In contrast, <i>tetB</i> displayed no significant relationship with any of the antimicrobials tested. The patient's age and gender were not the risk factors for the carriage of the resistance genes. Our findings identified the common resistance genes carried by the antimicrobial resistant UPEC isolates and provide valuable insights into developing the best antibiotic prescription regime to treat UTIs in our local scene.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 2","pages":"211-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mangrove Health Index, Community Structure and Canopy Cover in Small Islands of Bunaken National Park, Indonesia: Insights into Dominant Mangrove Species and Overall Mangrove Condition.","authors":"Joshian Nicolas William Schaduw, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Deiske A Sumilat","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.9","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mangrove ecosystems are crucial for protecting littoral regions, preserving biodiversity and sequestering carbon. The implementation of effective conservation and management strategies requires a comprehensive understanding of mangrove community structure, canopy coverage and overall health. This investigation focused on four small islands located within the Bunaken National Park in Indonesia: Bunaken, Manado Tua, Mantehage and Nain. Utilising the line transect quadrant method and hemispherical photography, the investigation comprised a total of 12 observation stations. Nain had the greatest average canopy coverage at 76.09%, followed by Mantehage, Manado Tua and Bunaken at 75.82%, 71.83% and 70.01%, respectively. Mantehage had the maximum species density, with 770.83 ind/ha, followed by Bunaken, Nain and Manado Tua with 675 ind/ha, 616.67 ind/ha and 483.34 ind/ha, respectively. The predominant sediment type observed was sandy mud and the mangrove species identified were <i>Avicennia officinalis</i> (AO), <i>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza</i> (BG), <i>Rhizophora apiculata</i> (RA), <i>R. mucronata</i> (RM), and <i>Sonneratia alba</i> (SA). On the small islands, <i>S. alba</i> emerged as the dominant mangrove species based on the importance value index (IVI). In addition, the Mangrove Health Index revealed that only 6.79% of the region exhibited poor health values, while 50% of the region was categorised as being in outstanding condition. These findings indicate that the overall condition of mangroves on these islands was relatively favourable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 2","pages":"187-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Acetone and Methanol Extracts of <i>Quercus infectoria</i> Galls with Antimalarial Properties.","authors":"Nurul Hammizah Hamidon, Anjana Chamilka Thuduhenage Dona, Nik Nor Imam Nik Mat Zin, Nurul Izza Nordin, Shaida Fariza Sulaiman, Nurhidanatasha Abu-Bakar","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.8","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antimalarial properties of crude extracts from <i>Quercus infectoria</i> galls were investigated through bioassay-guided fractionation. Acetone (QIA) and methanol (QIM) crude extracts have been reported to have promising antimalarial activity against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (3D7 strain). These extracts were subjected to fractionation using automated preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) to identify the most active fractions. Nine fractions were isolated from each extract, of which the fractions QIA11 and QIM16 showed antimalarial activity, with IC₅₀ values of 17.65 ± 1.82 μg/mL and 24.21 ± 1.88 μg/mL, respectively. In comparison, the standard antimalarial drug artemisinin has an IC₅₀ value of 0.004 ± 0.001 μg/mL). Through high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) analysis of the fractions, four known compounds were successfully identified: gallic acid, ellagic acid, 1,3,6-tris-o-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-d-glucose and 1-O,6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 2","pages":"167-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Utilisation of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> Pod Husk Extract: Protective Capability Evaluation Against Pollution Models and Formulation into Niosomes.","authors":"Erika Chriscensia, Joshua Nathanael, Urip Perwitasari, Agus Budiawan Naro Putra, Shakila Angjaya Adiyanto, Pietradewi Hartrianti","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.6","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Theobroma cacao</i> L. beans have long been used for food and medicinal purposes. However, up to 52%-76% of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> L. fruit comprises its husk, which are regarded as waste and oftentimes thrown away. In fact, cocoa pod husks actually possess a high antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants can be used to fight free radicals that are produced by environmental pollution. In order to simulate the effects of pollution, H²O² and cigarette smoke extract models were used respectively. However, the antioxidant properties are limited on the skin due to poor penetration. Hence, in order to increase the topical penetration, cocoa pod husk extract (CPHE) was also formulated into niosomes thereafter. CPHE was characterised using total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and three antioxidant assays. After that, cytotoxicity and cytoprotective assay were conducted on HaCaT cells, which represent the skin epidermis. CPHE was then formulated into niosomes subjected to stability and penetration studies for three months. CPHE was shown to contain 164.26 ± 1.067 mg GAE/g extract in total phenolic content and 10.72 ± 0.32 mg QCE/g extract in total flavonoid content. In addition, our results showed that CPHE possesses similar antioxidant capacity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, around eight-fold less through ABTS assay and approximately twelve-fold less through Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. The extract also showed comparable cytoprotective properties to that of standard (ascorbic acid). The niosome formulation was also able to increase the penetration compared to unencapsulated extract, as well as possess a good stability profile. This showed that CPHE, in fact, could be repurposed for other uses other than being thrown away as waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 2","pages":"107-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Performances of Adlay (<i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i> L.) As Component of Agroforestry on Teak (<i>Tectona grandis</i> L.f.) Plantation.","authors":"Titi Juhaeti, Nuril Hidayati, Ninik Setyowati, Albert Husen Wawo, Wahyu Widiyono","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.5","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adlay is an edible high nutritious minor cereal. The research aimed to study the adlay performance when cultivated intercropped on young teak (<i>Tectona grandis</i> L.f.) plantation. The treatments were consisted of two factors that were arranged by factorial (3 × 3) in randomised completed block design with four replicates. The first factor was three fertilisation dosages of NPK (16-16-16), as 0 g/hole (F0), 2 g/hole (F2) and 4 g/hole (F4). The second factors were three planting space as 2 m × 2 m (PS2), 3 m × 3 m (PS3) and 4 m × 4 m (PS4). The parameter observed were vegetative growth which was consisted of plant height, the number of leaves, tillers and sub tillers, leaf chlorophyll content, grain production and biomass weight. The results revealed that fertilisation treatment were significantly affected the growth and production of adlay. On 12 weeks after planting, the F4 treatment produced the tallest plant, and the highest leaf number. The highest grain number/plant was achieved on the F2 treatment that was significantly different compared with the control (F0). The shading intensity due to the teak coverage significantly affected adlay growth and production. The PS4 treatment produced the highest number of leaves, tillers and grains. The combination of F2 and PS4 treatments resulted in the best growth and production. The PS2 treatment which has lower light intercepted by plants due to lower incident light intensity, resulting in a significant reduction in plant growth and production. It is suggested that adlay offers potency as a component of agro-forestry on the teak plantations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 2","pages":"87-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviation of Cadmium Stress in Rice Seedlings Inoculated with <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004).","authors":"Saidu Abdullahi, Hazzeman Haris, Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi, Amir Hamzah Ghazali","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth of crop plants is greatly affected by the increased toxicity of metals. Luckily, certain beneficial bacteria can potentially reduce the effects of metal stress and promote the growth of the host plants. Many species of bacteria were reported as heavy metal tolerant and plant growth promoting, with very little or no report available concerning <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> as heavy metal tolerant plant growth promoting. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Cadmium (Cd) tolerant <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004) to alleviate heavy metals stress and enhance the growth of rice seedlings grown under Cd stress conditions. Rice seedlings were grown in Yoshida medium supplemented with different concentrations of Cd and inoculated with 4M9. The results showed that the inoculum tested successfully reduced oxidative stress in the seedlings by reducing the electrolyte leakage (EL) and increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the inoculated seedlings compared to the control counterparts. The results also revealed a significant increase in plant growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content of inoculated rice seedlings compared to the control. In general, the Cd tolerant <i>E. tabaci</i> 4M9 confers heavy metal alleviation and thereby improves the growth and survival of rice seedlings under Cd stress conditions. Therefore, the findings stated the potential of 4M9 for alleviating heavy metal stress and promoting the development of inoculated rice seedlings if accidentally grown under Cd-contaminated conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 1","pages":"107-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Web-Building Spiders in Gua Kelam, Perlis State Park, Malaysia.","authors":"Johan Ariff Mohtar, Khadijah Hanim Abdul Rahman, Saktheswaran Nyanasilan, Nurul Ain Harmiza Abdullah, Fadhilah Mohamad","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cave represents a subterranean ecosystem that harbours a myriad of unique, peculiar, and secluded flora and fauna. These biotas have evolved with a wide range of ecological adaptations that allow them to thrive in harsh environments with limited light. Gua Kelam 1 constitutes part of the Gua Kelam limestone caves system in the Nakawan Range of Perlis State Park, Malaysia. Previous observations indicated that it harbours a plethora of spider species; however, their existence is still elusive as speleobiological studies remain unexplored. Herein, we identified the cavernicolous spiders found in the dark zone areas of Gua Kelam 1 through a complementary approach based on morphology and DNA barcoding. From the morphological analysis, we described three web-building spiders of JTKK2 and JTKK3 groups down to the species-level to belong to <i>Nephilengys malabarensis</i>, and <i>Orsinome vethi</i> except for <i>Pholcus</i> sp. from JTKK4 individuals. The molecular analysis of the cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) genes of JTKK2 and JTKK3 individuals showed that they exhibited a high degree similarity with <i>N. malabarensis</i> (98.3%), and <i>O. vethi</i> (100.0%), respectively except for JTKK4 individuals with only 91.4% homology with <i>P. kuhapimuk</i>. Phylogenetic analysis also generated a congruent tree, in which the identified species are well nested within the family Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, and Pholcidae. By this integral approach, the three spiders were determined as <i>N. malabarensis</i>, <i>O. vethi</i>, and <i>Pholcus</i> sp. These spiders are originally epigean in their habitat but uniquely thrive in Gua Kelam 1.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 1","pages":"87-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Bacteria Induce Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Production in Oil Palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>).","authors":"Nur Asna Faiqah Johari, Aisamuddin Ardi Zainal Abidin, Nur Farhah Nabihan Ismail, Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiamine or vitamin B1 is a micronutrient that has a crucial function in all living organisms and involved in several biochemical reactions. Concerning the capability of thiamine in inducing plant health, a study was carried out by applying bacterial endophytes (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> cultures) in four-month-old oil palm seedlings (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) via soil drenching technique to evaluate the effect towards thiamine. Spear leaves were sampled day 0 to 14 to analyse the expression of gene coding for the first two enzymes thiamine biosynthesis pathway, THI4 and THIC via qPCR analysis. The gene expression by qPCR showed a significant increase of up to 3-fold while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for quantification of thiamine and its derivatives accumulated ~ 20-fold in total thiamine when compared to control seedlings. However, concentration of thiamine metabolites was negatively correlated with the expression of THIC and THI4 gene transcripts suggesting post-transcriptional regulation mediated by an RNA regulatory element, a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitch. Our findings demonstrated that the application of bacterial endophytes affected thiamine biosynthesis and enhanced overall thiamine content. This might increase the plant's resistance towards stress and would be useful in oil palm maintenance for maximum yield production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> EST-SSR Identification and Development through EST Sequences from <i>Metroxylon sagu</i> Rottb. for Genetic Diversity Analysis.","authors":"Devit Purwoko, Siti Zulaeha, Teuku Tajuddin, Farida Rosana Mira, Maharani Dewi Solikhah, Gemilang Rahmadara, Nurul Fitri Hanifah, Rusmanto","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sago plant (<i>Metroxylon sagu</i> Rottb.) is one of the most carbohydrate-producing plants in the world. Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) play an important role in the genome and are used extensively compared to other molecular markers. For the first time, we are exploiting data expressed sequence tags (EST) of sago plants to identify and characterise markers in this species. EST data about sago plants are obtained through the EST database on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. We obtained data of 458 Kb (412 contig) with a maximum and minimum length of 1,138 and 124 nucleotides, respectively. We successfully identified 820 perfectly patterned SSR using Phobos 3.3.12 software. The type characterisation of EST-SSR was dominated by tri-nucleotides 36% (294), followed by hexa-nucleotides 24% (202), tetra-nucleotides 15% (120), penta-nucleotides 13% (108) and di-nucleotides 12% (96). The most frequency of SSR motifs in each type is AG, AAG and AAAG. Analysis of synteny on the EST sequence with the online application Phytozome found that sequences were distributed on 12 <i>Oryza sativa</i> chromosomes with a likeness percentage between 63% to 100% and e-value between 0 to 0.094. We developed the primer and generated 19 primers. Furthermore, we validated 7 primers that all generated polymorphic alleles. To our knowledge, this report is the first identification and characterisation of EST-SSR for sago species and these markers can be used for genetic diversity analysis, marker assisted selection (MAS), cultivar identification, kinship analysis and genetic mapping analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 1","pages":"13-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, Encounter Rate and Detection of Non-Volant Nocturnal Mammals on Two Malaysian Islands.","authors":"Priscillia Miard, Foo Kai Xin, Sapphire Hampshire, Nik Fadzly Nik Rosely, Henry Bernard, Nadine Ruppert","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2024.35.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nocturnal mammals constitute a crucial component of tropical faunal diversity, but not much is known about the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the habitat use and detectability of these species. We investigated which habitat and environmental variables impact the detectability of non-volant nocturnal arboreal mammals across varying habitat types at two tropical islands with different levels of anthropogenic development in Malaysia. We conducted night transect line and point count surveys following pre-existing paths in Penang Island and Langkawi Island between 2019 and 2020. We used a head torch with red filter and a thermal imaging device (FLIR) to enhance animal detection success. We calculated the encounter rates (individual km^-1) for each species as a proxy for abundance. Overall, we detected 17 species, but did not find higher species diversity in intact forested environments compared to disturbed areas. Encounter rates of the most observed species were influenced by 'time after sunset' on the highly developed island of Penang, whereas on the rural island of Langkawi, detection was higher in sites with better canopy connectivity. Different species of non-volant nocturnal arboreal mammals use their respective habitats differently and thus, are differently impacted by varying levels of anthropogenic activities. Our results provided baseline data on the diversity, encounter rate, and detectability of these highly elusive species, which can also help to further improve methodologies for the detection of nocturnal wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"35 1","pages":"49-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}