Tropical life sciences research最新文献

{"title":"Invasive <i>Acacia mangium</i> Leaf Litter Modifies Soil Chemical Properties of A Bornean Tropical Heath Forest: A Soil Incubation Study.","authors":"Mohamad Hilmi Ibrahim, Faizah Metali, Kushan U Tennakoon, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of <i>Acacia mangium</i> Willd. leaf litter on soil chemical properties of a tropical heath forest in Borneo using a controlled soil incubation experiment. The litter of exotic <i>A. mangium</i> and selected native heath forest species (<i>Buchanania arborescens</i> Blume., <i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i> L., <i>Dillenia suffruticosa</i> Griff. and <i>Ploiarium alternifolium</i> Vahl.) were incubated with heath forest soils collected under natural conditions and nine different treatments of heath forest soils (soils without leaf litter, soils treated with single species leaf litter, and soils treated with native leaf litter with and without <i>A. mangium</i> leaf litter). We quantified mass litter loss (%), and soil concentrations of exchangeable nitrogen ( <math> <mrow> <mrow> <msubsup><mrow><mtext>NO</mtext></mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>-</mo></msubsup> </mrow> </mrow> </math> and <math> <mrow> <mrow> <msubsup><mrow><mtext>NH</mtext></mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>+</mo></msubsup> </mrow> </mrow> </math> ) and cations (K <i>⁺</i> , Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺), available phosphorus (P), total organic carbon (TOC) and organic matter (OM), and total acidity with exchangeable concentrations of Al³⁺ and H⁺ in each treatment after a 9-month incubation period. Mass litter loss (%) varied significantly between species, with <i>A. mangium</i> leaf litter only showing higher mass loss than <i>D. suffruticosa</i> litter, but lower than <i>C. inophyllum</i> litter. The effects of incubation with single-species native leaf litter were variable and species-specific, but incubation with <i>A. mangium</i> litter increased soil pH and exchangeable <math> <mrow> <mrow> <msubsup><mrow><mtext>NO</mtext></mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>-</mo></msubsup> </mrow> </mrow> </math> and K⁺ concentrations and decreased exchangeable Al³⁺ concentrations. Soils incubated with a combination of <i>C. inophyllum</i> and <i>A. mangium</i> leaf litters, as opposed to those incubated with <i>C. inophyllum</i> alone, exhibited decreased pH, lower total organic carbon (TOC), and reduced exchangeable concentrations of potassium (K⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). Additionally, there was an increase in organic matter (OM) content, total acidity, and exchangeable concentrations of ammonium ( <math> <mrow> <mrow> <msubsup><mrow><mtext>NH</mtext></mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>+</mo></msubsup> </mrow> </mrow> </math> ) and hydrogen (H⁺). Our results provide preliminary evidence that <i>C. inophyllum</i> may be a promising native plant species for use in enrichment planting of degraded or disturbed tropical heath forests with co-occurring invasive <i>A. mangium</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"277-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought Tolerant Capability of Pineapple [<i>Ananas comosus</i> (L.) Merr] Plant Microbiome.","authors":"Rahayu Fitriani Wangsa Putrie, I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha, Iriawati, Sarjiya Antonius","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiomes of Indonesian pineapple plants cover drought-resistant microorganisms that have not yet been studied. Therefore, this research aims to analyse the pineapple's endophytic and rhizobacteria capability to survive and support the plant in drought. The screening used <i>polyethylene glycol</i> (PEG) 6000 with specific osmotic pressures as a form of stress simulation. The isolates were further tested for their production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and growth hormones (IAA), survival at high temperatures and salinity and other vital, drought-tolerant factors. Based on PEG 6000 analysis with certain osmotic pressure, about 13 isolates could survive at -0.73 MPa. Some isolates can produce EPS up to 89.23 mg/mL at -0.73 MPa, survive at 10% salinity, at a temperature of 50°C, pH 4 and produce IAA up to 7.5 ppm on medium. Most isolates can improve corn seedlings' growth quality and produce ACC deaminase and catalase enzymes. Isolate BDO 8 and BAO 5 showed more constant results compared with others. Based on the 16S rRNA gene, these isolates were identified as <i>Bacillus cereus</i> strain ATCC 14579T.112 and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> strain WHX1 with 99.91% and 100% sequence similarities, respectively. These findings suggest that these isolates could be developed as bioinoculant candidates for use in dry agricultural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"57-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrous Behaviour and Vulva Score in Captive Female Malayan Tapir (<i>Tapirus indicus</i>).","authors":"Donny Yawah, Jeffrine Rovie-Ryan, Azlan Che-Amat, Michelle Fong Wai Cheng, Hartini Ithnin, Mohd Adli Ahmad, Enos Jeoffry, Madzlan Misnan, Zaihamrezal Abdul Hamid, Mark Wh Hiew","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ex-situ propagation of the Malayan tapir in Malaysia is an important conservation strategy to increase the population of this endangered species. However, the scarcity of reproductive physiology studies impedes potential conservation efforts. This study aimed to investigate the expression of estrus signs through observation of estrus behaviour and vulva score in captive Malayan tapirs. This study was conducted from January to April at the Sungai Dusun Wildlife Conservation Centre, Selangor, Malaysia. A total of five female Malayan tapirs aged between 3 to 18 years old were involved in this study. Two of the tapirs were kept with a male partner, while three others were kept individually. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras with night vision and audio recording function connected to a digital video recorder were used to record the female activity from 1930 to 0730 hours. The recorded videos were evaluated for estrus behaviour such as vocalisation, flehmen response, urine spraying and excretion smelling. The vulva score (scale of 0 to 4) was determined based on the vulva size and the presence of discharge. The most common estrus behaviour observed in the female Malayan tapirs was vocalisation (81%), followed by flehmen response (10%), urine spraying (5%) and excretion smelling (4%). The paired females were observed to exhibit more estrus behaviours than the non-paired females. Vulva changes were observed in both groups with evidence of cyclic pattern with an average median length of 31.0 days (range of 28 days to 33 days). Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant difference between paired group and non-paired group for vocalisation and urine spraying. Meanwhile, Spearman's rho test showed a strong positive correlation between vulva score and flehmen response and very strong positive correlation between vulva score and excretion smelling. This study provides important information for the establishment of future captive propagation programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"187-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Potential and Phytochemical Composition in Subcritical Water Extraction of Lempoyang (<i>Zingiber zerumbet</i>).","authors":"Nurul 'Uyun Ahmad, Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin, Norrashidah Mokhtar, Tan Ka Liong, Izzati Mohamad Abdul Wahab, Muhamad Ali Muhammad Yuzir, Mardawani Mohamad","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.9","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lempoyang, scientifically known as <i>Zingiber zerumbet</i>, is a plant rich in potential medicinal properties due to its numerous active ingredients. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of crude extracts of lempoyang obtained by subcritical water extraction (SWE). Fresh rhizomes of lempoyang were extracted using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach with different extraction times (5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min and 25 min), while other extraction parameters were kept constant. The resulting crude extracts, characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), contained 13 different constituents. Among these, 2,6,10-cycloundecatrien-1-one,2,6,9,9-tetramethyl-,(E,E,E)- or zerumbone consistently had the highest percentage area under the peak across all extraction times, ranging from 17.15% to 28.72% at retention times of 19.215 min to 19.270 min. Qualitative screening of these crude extracts revealed the presence of phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins, indicating the rich phytochemical diversity of lempoyang. However, steroids and anthocyanins have not been detected. In terms of antibacterial activity, disc diffusion using the Kirby-Bauer method showed positive results for the 25-minute crude extract against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, yielding a zone of inhibition of 8.63 ± 0.36 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/mL/disc. None of the extracts were found to have detectable antibacterial activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Salmonella choleraesuis</i> and <i>Serratia marcescens</i>. These results emphasise the potential of SWE for extracting valuable compounds from fresh lempoyang rhizomes. At the same time, they highlight that different extraction times influence the phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of the crude extracts at higher extract concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"163-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated Population of Proboscis Monkeys and Their Status in Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia.","authors":"Mohd Aminur Faiz Suis, Marrynah Matami, Miyabi Nakabayashi, Aini Hasanah Abd Mutalib, Fazidah Ismail, Fadzilah Awang Kanak, Joseph Tangah","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proboscis monkeys are largely confined along the eastern coastal zone of Sabah, Malaysia. Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve (SLFR) is the only Class V Mangrove Forest Reserve in the forestry district of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. This study is in accordance with the conservation strategies outlined in the Sabah Proboscis Monkey Action Plan (2019-2028), which is to focus on areas that have not been surveyed. Prior to this study, the status of proboscis monkeys in this reserve had not been scientifically documented. In addition, the habitat of this colobine species along the coastal zone of Sulaman Bay will be impacted by the construction of Pan Borneo Highway (Work Package 9). Hence, we intend to shed light on the status of proboscis monkeys in the SLFR including local threats to their population. This study discovered a small and isolated relict population of proboscis monkeys through a boat survey approach, which was also derived from interview sessions with local communities. We found that the degradation of mangrove forest integrity is a major threat to this population in the SLFR. It is hoped that this study will trigger more research, especially population size estimation, because such baseline information is crucial in the formulation of effective conservation programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Assessment of Non-Volant Mammals in Selected Areas of Peninsular Malaysia.","authors":"Hannah Syakirah Ab Hamid, Nur Dayana Zulkifli, Mazrul Aswady Mamat, Amirrudin Ahmad, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Nurulhuda Zakaria, Hafizan Juahir, Muhamad Safiih Lola, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-volant mammals in Peninsular Malaysia face numerous threats, primarily driven by habitat loss, fragmentation and illegal hunting. These threats highlight the importance of conducting wildlife surveys in the available forested areas to enhance the current strategies for conservation and management, particularly for a threatened taxon like non-volant mammals. This study aimed to document and update information of non-volant mammals from four areas: Tasik Bera (Pahang state); Tasik Kenyir, Pulau Redang and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) Campus (Terengganu state). Cage traps and Visual Encounter Survey methods were utilised to record non-volant mammals from August 2022 until March 2023. This study successfully documented 123 individuals from 27 non-volant mammal species, representing 11 families from 6 orders. Tasik Bera demonstrated the highest species count at 18, followed by UMT Campus with 6, while Tasik Kenyir and Pulau Redang each recorded 4 species. The species diversity was the highest at Tasik Bera (<i>H'</i> = 2.65) and the lowest at Pulau Redang (<i>H'</i> = 1.01). <i>Macaca fascicularis</i>, <i>Tupaia glis</i> and <i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i> were recorded from three of four sites. This study has added new geographically recorded species for Tasik Bera (11 species) and UMT Campus (4 species). This study has advanced our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of non-volant mammals, enhancing our understanding in this field. This understanding is crucial for implementing efficient conservation and management strategies, aiding in the development of targeted conservation strategies to protect these species and their habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"127-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Bioactive Compounds from Various Indonesian Medicinal Plants as Potential Inhibitors of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Protein in Cervical Cancer Development.","authors":"Arief Hidayatullah, Diana Widiastuti, Wira Eka Putra, Muhaimin Rifa'i, Muhammad Fikri Heikal, Sustiprijatno","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection of keratinocytes by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains, notably HPV16, is responsible for the onset of cervical cancer. The E6 protein serves as a pivotal oncoprotein implicated in the progression of cancer. We utilised a virtual screening method to identify bioactive compounds in a variety of commonly used medicinal plants in Indonesia. All the top five compounds bind to a single binding site on the E6 major hydrophobic groove, which corresponds to the binding site for the E6AP and IRF3's LxxLL motifs. They are expected to function as competitive inhibitors, inhibiting the development of the E6-E6AP and E6-IRF3 complexes, which limit p53 degradation and therefore cell proliferation, thus preserving the innate immune response to HPV16 infection. Asarinin and thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole-3(2H)-one,2-(2-fluorobenzylideno)-7,8-dimethyl were predicted to be the most effective compounds in this research owing to their strong affinity for and persistent interactions with the E6 major hydrophobic groove, particularly in comparison to pharmacological controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminarily Study on Hydroxyproline Content of Purple-spotted Bigeye (<i>Priacanthus tayenus</i>) Scaly Skin and Its Gelatine Quality.","authors":"Widiyanto, Uju, Sitti Hardiyanti Rachman, Mala Nurilmala","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigation of alternative raw materials for gelatine production from fishery industry by-products has gained attention due to the increasing demand for gelatine and the importance for sustainable practices. This study aims to determine the optimal hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration for mineral removal during pre-treatment, assess hydroxyproline content at various processing stages and characterise the resultant gelatine. The methodology involved pre-treatment of the materials with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to remove non-collagen proteins, followed by mineral extraction using varying HCl concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 M). The process included swelling in 0.2% citric acid for 12 h and gelatine extraction at 65°C for 7 h. The results indicated that 0.25 M HCl was most effective for mineral removal. The hydroxyproline analysis showed an insignificant increase (0.088 mg/mL-0.103 mg/mL) from the pre-treatment stage to the final gelatine product. The physicochemical properties of the liquid gelatine, including yield (6.5 ± 0.39%), pH (6.55 ± 0.11), and gel bloom strength (174 ± 8.54 blooms) conformed to Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America (GMIA). Functional groups confirmed the presence of gelatine-specific, such as amides A, B, I, II and III. The molecular profile is comparable to commercial gelatine, with α1 chains at 130 kDa, α2 chains at 115 kDa, and β chains at 235 kDa. The gelatine derived from the scaly skin of purple-spotted bigeye exhibits promising attributes, aligning with commercial standards and highlights the potential of fishery by-products as a sustainable and halal source of gelatine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"93-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollutants May Have Caused Morphological Abnormalities in Some Polychaete Species (Annelida) Collected from Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Joko Pamungkas, Atang, Eko S Wibowo, Misika Alam, Sri Lestari","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.15","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphological abnormalities in <i>Perinereis aibuhitensis</i> (Grube 1878) (Nereididae) and <i>Diopatra claparedii</i> Grube 1878 (Onuphidae) were observed in the specimens collected from the intertidal habitat around Donan Creek in Cilacap City, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The <i>P. aibuhitensis</i>, which is not supposed to have branchiae, possesses digitate branchiae on its dorsum, and lacks eyes. To our knowledge, the presence of branchiae in the genus <i>Perinereis</i> and the shape of the feature has never been reported anywhere else. Furthermore, the <i>D. claparedii</i>, which is supposed to have the most developed branchiae on its dorsal anterior region, lacks the feature. The species also lacks both prostomial and peristomial appendages, and has various anomalous cirri. While the abnormalities in the <i>P. aibuhitensis</i> are likely to be associated with the hypoxic condition of the animal's habitat, the anomalies in the <i>D. claparedii</i> appear to be more related to the exposure to pollutants, particularly heavy metals. Taxonomic investigations are required to reveal the polychaete species richness in this area, and may identify species that have the potential to be used as biological indicators of coastal water pollution in southern Java.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"297-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Potential Compounds Using Drug-Repurposing of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).","authors":"Nordina Syamira Mahamad Shabudin, Ahmad Naqib Shuid","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.12","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Malaysia, the study on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is limited. Most studies only focus on gene neuroligin 3 (NLGN3), NLGN4X, neurexin 1 (NRXN1) and SH3. This study focuses on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) that was believed to have a significant effect on ASD. In this study, potential compounds and drugs that can restore receptor function in autistic patients were analysed. This research used an effective in silico method known as drug-repurposing to discover and rediscover drugs and analyse the binding of potential compounds or drugs to the NMDA receptor. AMPA and DOCK4 were used as controls in this study. Using a trusted server, Drug ReposER, 13 potential compounds or drugs that bind to NMDAR were identified. Then, proceed to the docking of potential compounds or drugs that bind to the NMDA receptor using Autodock Vina, Autodock, Hdock and CB dock and three drugs were selected that have the best binding score to NMDA, AMPA and DOCK4. The drugs were alitretinoin, salicylic acid and indinavir, respectively. Next, molecular dynamics simulations were performed with all selected compounds to study drug-protein binding, with detailed analysis of bond stability using root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) oscillations. Finally, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) predictions identify 4-androstenedione, tryptophan, carbocisteine and vitamin A as having minimal toxic effects. This study showed that alitretinoin, which was known to treat skin lesions from Kaposi's sarcoma, might have the ability to reverse the effect in ASD, particularly in NMDA receptors, potentially making a significant impact on the field of neurology and psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 1","pages":"223-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}