Tropical life sciences research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Bee Bread on Corticosterone Level in Rat Dams Exposed to Gestational Heat Stress.","authors":"Nur Akmar Nadhirah Mohd Nor,&nbsp;Asmad Kari,&nbsp;Mohd Nizam Haron,&nbsp;Connie Fay Komilus","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental temperature rises are powerful stimuli that can alter both the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA). Heat stress has been shown to harm pregnancy outcomes such as causing spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, growth retardation and stillbirth. Supplementation of bee bread in pregnant rats under heat stress exposure has been shown to improve the pregnancy outcomes. However, whether supplementation of bee bread during heat stress exposure may also reduce the level of the stress hormone, corticosterone has yet been reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of bee bread on corticosterone level, progesterone level, oestradiol level and zonation of the adrenal cortex of pregnant rats under heat stress exposure. Pregnant rats were randomly categorised into four groups (<i>n</i> = 6): Control (C: standard feeding), Treatment 1 (T1: 0.5 g bee bread/kg body weight/day), Treatment 2 (T2: standard feeding with heat exposure), and Treatment 3 (T3: 0.5 g bee bread/kg body weight/day with heat exposure). Bee bread (0.5 g/kg body weight/day) was force-fed to pregnant rats through oral gavage beginning on day 0 of pregnancy and continuing until delivery. Heat stress was generated experimentally by putting both T2 and T3 rats in an egg incubator for 45 min daily at a temperature of 43°C till delivery. On a postnatal Day 21, dams were euthanised to assess serum corticosterone, progesterone, oestradiol levels and adrenal gland histology. Rats in the T2 group had a significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increase in the zona fasciculata thickness (94.95 ± 1.55 μm) and higher corticosterone levels (49.57 ± 1.57 ng/mL) compared with control. However, supplementation of bee bread during heat stress was able to show an improvement in adrenal zona fasciculata thickness by decreasing to 79.89 ± 3.08 μm and corticosterone level reduced to 35.31 ± 1.73 ng/mL significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Therefore, these findings may imply that bee bread is effective as a neutralizer in lowering the production of stress hormone.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 3","pages":"151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-Anatomy and Mathematical Modelling in <i>Lilium philippinense</i> Baker from Cordillera Central Range, Philippines.","authors":"Jennifer C Paltiyan-Bugtong,&nbsp;Rey G Lumpio,&nbsp;Jones T Napaldet","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study presents the morphology, anatomy and mathematical modelling in Benguet lily (<i>Lilium philippinense Baker</i>), a threatened species from the Cordillera Central Range and was often misidentified with the weedy <i>L. formosanum</i>. The plant is an annual herb with linear, spiral leaves; pure white, perfect, funnel-shaped, showy flowers; septicidal elongated capsule; and, brown, light, winged seeds. New findings in the study include the description of the capsule and seeds, biometric measurements of the different plant organs, the significant correlation and regression model of plant height and stem diameter for certain floral measurement, and its diagnostic characteristics vis-à-vis <i>L. formosanum</i>. Interesting findings on the taxon's anatomy show a cross between a typical monocot and a typical dicot anatomy. It has a bifacial leaf structure (a common dicot character) but its spongy layer is not as widely spaced like in dicot leaf. The stem has a distinct cortex and pith (a dicot character) but has a scattered vascular bundles (a monocot character). Lastly, some roots have a narrow pith at the centre of the stele (a monocot character) while some roots have metaxylem elements at the centermost structure (a dicot character). Further studies need to be conducted to determine the ecological significance of these features.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 3","pages":"217-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes on Two Rare Species of Brachyuran Crabs (Families Matutidae and Parthenopidae) From Indonesian Waters with New Distribution Records.","authors":"Nisfa Hanim,&nbsp;Ali Suman,&nbsp;Duranta Diandria Kembaren,&nbsp;Dyah Perwitasariv,&nbsp;Yusli Wardiatno,&nbsp;Achmad Farajallah","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several species of brachyuran crabs in Indonesian waters have not been reported since almost 100 years ago. This research reports a brachyuran crab that is rarely found and one new record in Indonesian waters. This study was conducted in the waters of southern Aru Island and the Malacca Strait using trawls during a cruise held by the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia.. Our findings were <i>Izanami reticulata</i>, a new record (family Matutidae) from southern Aru Island, and <i>Cryptopadia fornicata</i> (family Parthenopidae) from the Malacca Strait. The two locations are close to where the species were found in previous studies: the Arafura Sea, which is adjacent to the Aru Islands, and the Malacca Strait, which is adjacent to Borneo. It is suspected that the presence of these two species in Indonesia is due to their distribution through sea currents during the pelagic larval stage. This article also provides the specific habitat for both species in Indonesia, which was previously unknown. In addition, this article contributes to strengthening Indonesia as a mega-biodiversity country with an initial compilation of a database of Brachyura in its waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 3","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Characterisation of Endosymbiont <i>Wolbachia</i> (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in <i>Elaeidobius kamerunicus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), Pollinating Agent of Oil Palm, and Its Relationships between Populations.","authors":"Mohd Nur Azad Rushidi,&nbsp;Muhammad Luqman Hakim Azhari,&nbsp;Salmah Yaakop,&nbsp;Izfa Riza Hazmi","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Elaeidobius kamerunicus</i> is the most efficient pollinator of oil palm. <i>Wolbachia</i> is an endosymbiotic bacteria associated with <i>E. kamerunicus</i> that has a potential to affect the fecundity and fitness of the <i>E. kamerunicus</i>. Despite their importance, no studies have been conducted to investigate its prevalence in <i>E. kamerunicus</i>. The objectives of this study were to detect and characterise <i>Wolbachia</i> in <i>E. kamerunicus</i> and determine the phylogenetic relationship of <i>Wolbachia</i> strains that infect <i>E. kamerunicus</i> by using three genetic markers namely Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (<i>ftsZ</i>), Chaperonin folding protein (<i>groEL</i>), and Citrate Synthase Coding Gene (<i>gltA</i>). DNA was extracted from 210 individuals of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> and the <i>Wolbachia</i> infections were detected using the <i>wsp</i> marker. The infected samples (<i>n</i> = 25, 11.9%) were then sequenced using <i>ftsZ, gltA</i> and <i>groEL</i> markers for strain characterization. In this study, a combination of four markers was used to construct the phylogeny of <i>Wolbachia</i>. Similar topologies were shown in all trees; Neighbour-Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Bayesian Inference (BI), which showed the mixing of individuals that harbor <i>Wolbachia</i> between populations. Interestingly, <i>Wolbachia</i> on <i>E. kamerunicus</i> was claded together with the species <i>Drosophila simulans</i> under supergroup B. This is the first report of <i>Wolbachia</i> infecting <i>E. kamerunicus</i> which is very valuable and significant as one of the parameters to evaluate the quality of the <i>E. kamerunicus</i> population for sustaining its function as a great pollinator for oil palm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 3","pages":"95-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterisation of Culturable Thermophilic Cyanobacteria from Perak Hot Springs and their Plant Growth Promoting Properties Effects on Rice Seedlings (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.).","authors":"Clement Kiing Fook Wong,&nbsp;Tzu Yee Chong,&nbsp;Ji Tan,&nbsp;Wey Lim Wong","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaysia is home to a number of hot springs that are rich in microbial diversity including the photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Although this microbial community has been characterised based on metagenomics approach, the culturable thermophilic isolates have not been isolated and characterised extensively. Compared to the mesophiles, information on plant growth promoting (PGP) properties of these thermophiles remain largely untapped. As the amount of arable land for microbial bioprospecting is decreasing due to extensive human activities, the search for alternative source for microbial strains with PGP properties is important for the development of potential biofertilisers. This study sought to isolate and characterise culturable cyanobacteria strains from two local hot springs - Sungai Klah (SK) and Lubuk Timah (LT) located in Perak using morphological and molecular methods. The IAA production from the axenic cultures were measured. The PGP properties were also measured by priming the rice seeds with cyanobacterial water extracts. A total of six strains were isolated from both hot springs. Strains LTM and LTW from LT were identified as Leptolyngbya sp. whereas strains SEM, SEH, STH and STM were identified as <i>Thermosynechococcus elongatus</i>. All six strains produced IAA ranged from 670.10 pg/μL to 2010 pg/μL. The water extracts were found to increase the seed amylase activity of the rice seeds from 5th day of germination (DAG) to 10th DAG. In general, the IAA production and increased seed amylase activity might have contributed in enhancing the longest root length, shoot length and root-to-shoot (RS) ratio. To conclude, the thermophilic cyanobacteria from hot springs can be further exploited as a novel source of PGP microbes for the development of biofertilsers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 3","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometrics and Structural Changes of \"Terung Asam\" Sarawak (<i>Solanum lasiocarpum</i> Dunal) During Growth and Development.","authors":"Albert Ting Koon Soon,&nbsp;Phebe Ding,&nbsp;Shiamala Devi Ramaiya","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Terung asam\" Sarawak (<i>Solanum lasiocarpum</i> Dunal) is an underutilised fruit vegetable. Information on the fruit growth is very lacking. Thus, this study was conducted to characterise fruit growth pattern based on physical characters and cellular structures. Data were recorded weekly from fruit set until senescence. All the morphological growth of \"terung asam\" fruit exhibits a single sigmoid growth pattern that fitted well to logistic model. There are three distinct phases of growth, i.e., S1, S2 and S3. At S1, the size of fruit cells was small without intercellular spaces. As fruit grew to S2, cell size increased with distinct vascular tissues. By S3, fruit has achieved its maximum size with green peel turn to yellow and finally golden yellow at late S3. Cuticle and two types of trichomes formed the outer layer of fruit. The thickness of fruit exocarp increased while density of trichomes decreased as fruit developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 3","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Distribution Model for the Asian Tapir and Vegetation Characteristics of Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia.","authors":"Wanda Kuswanda, Freddy Jontara Hutapea, Muhammad Hadi Saputra, Bobby Nopandry","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian tapir is a primitive mammal whose habitat is heavily fragmented due to human activities. Studies on the Asian tapirs in Sumatra are very few, thereby basic information for developing tapir conservation programmes is limited. This study aimed to develop the species distribution model to map the potential distribution of tapirs in Batang Gadis National Park (BGNP), investigate the characteristic of tapir habitat, and identify tapir feed plants around BGNP. The model was developed using the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) approach, based on the existing information on tapir occurrence in BGNP and environmental variables. Vegetation characteristics in different land cover (primary forests, secondary forests, and open fields) were investigated using the strip transect method. This study found that zonal classification, temperature and precipitation have the greatest percentage contribution to the model. The model estimated that around 24.45% of BGNP areas are suitable for tapir habitat, and tapirs distribute near community gardens. Our results also showed that plant diversity at study sites was categorised as moderate-high. About 23 plant species dominated by the <i>Moraceae</i> family were identified as feed plants for tapirs. In developing tapir conservation programmes, BGNP management needs to consider tapir distribution that is closed to community gardens. We propose BGNP to enrich feed plants in open fields of the wilderness and traditional zones; reduce the canopy cover in the wilderness and utilisation zones to stimulate the growth of feed plants; facilitate local people to live harmoniously with tapirs; involve local communities in tapir conservation programmes; encourage local communities to plant non-palatable crops for tapirs; and provide a compensation scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 2","pages":"57-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10735268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Enzymes and Antioxidants Activities of Edible Vegetables Grown in Soils Polluted by Gas Flaring.","authors":"Doris Akachukwu, Paul Ndubuisi Anyiam, Polycarp Nnacheta Okafor, Chiedozie Ibegbulem, Ifeoma Irene Ijeh","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.2","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Associated gas flaring has several consequences on the environment. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of gas flaring on soil enzymes and plant antioxidant activities from gas flare-bearing communities in Nigeria. Soil and plant samples were obtained from farmlands in Ukwa West and Izombe gas flaring sites, as well as unpolluted site from Olokoro (used as control). The level of activities of soil urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatases, plant antioxidant enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of selected plants (<i>Gnetum africanum</i> [GA], <i>Piper guineense</i> [PG], <i>Gongronema latifolium</i> [GL], <i>Pterocarpus mildbraedii</i> [PM]) were evaluated using standard methods. The results showed that the activities of urease were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in soil from Ukwa site than Izombe and the control soil. Dehydrogenase (DHA) and phosphatases recorded higher activities (<i>P</i> < 0.05) for Izombe soil than in Ukwa compared with the control. For plants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) recorded a significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) higher activities in all the plants assayed from Ukwa site than Izombe and the control site. The activities of GPx from GA and PG plants at Izombe site were not significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05) when compared with the control, except for PM and GL which recorded a significant decrease (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in GPX and SOD activities, respectively. The activities of catalase enzyme also decreased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in all plants grown at Ukwa, while an increase was seen for GA and PM grown at Izombe compared with control. The overall variability in enzymes activities is an indication that soil ecosystem and plants are altered significantly by the stress load from the gas flaring pollutants which could serve as bio-indicators for assessing ecological risks and bioremediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10735262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41321690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Microbiota of Bagworm <i>Metisa plana</i> (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in Oil Palm Plantations in Malaysia.","authors":"Andrew Ting,&nbsp;Cik Mohd Rizuan Zainal Abidin,&nbsp;Noor Hisham Hamid,&nbsp;Ghows Azzam,&nbsp;Hasber Salim","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bagworm <i>Metisa plana</i> is one of the major pests in Malaysia's oil palm plantation, with infestation resulting in huge economical loss. Currently, the microbial profile of the bagworm has yet to be study. Understanding the biology of the pest such as the bacterial community is crucial as bacteria associated with insects often provide benefits to the insect, giving the insect host a better chance of survival. Here, 16S amplicon sequencing was used to identify the bacteria community of <i>M. plana.</i> Additionally, two comparisons were made, the bacterial communities between two larval stages (early instar stage and late instar stage) from outbreak area; the bacterial communities of late instar stage larvae from non-outbreak between outbreak areas. From this study, it was found that the bacterial community of <i>M. plana</i> consisted of <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, <i>Bacterioidetes</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i> and other minor phyla, with <i>Proteobacteria</i> being the most dominant phylum. Furthermore, bacterial genera of <i>M. plana</i> consisted of <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Curtobacterium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Massilia</i> and other minor genera, with <i>Pantoea</i> being the most dominant. It was also found that the alpha and beta diversity in both comparisons were not significantly different. We present our data as a first insight towards the bacterial community of <i>M. plana</i>, paving a way towards understanding the biology of the bagworm <i>M. plana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 1","pages":"185-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased Severity of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in White Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) by Mixed Culture of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> and <i>Bacillus megaterium</i>.","authors":"Saowapha Surawut,&nbsp;Kunyarut Suntara,&nbsp;Winyou Puckdee,&nbsp;Chutapa Kunsook,&nbsp;Pornpimon Kanjanavas,&nbsp;Anchalee Kompatiparn,&nbsp;Prachuab Leeruksakiat","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the mixed culture of <i>Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. megaterium</i> to control acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or EMS (Early Mortality Syndrome) in white shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> as a model. The infected shrimps with <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> AHPND strain were divided into tanks and different feeding of either <i>B. subtilis, B. licheniformis</i>, <i>B. megaterium</i> or all <i>Bacillus</i> strains. The infected shrimps that were fed with a mixed culture of <i>Bacillus</i> showed significantly highest survival rate and revealed lower percent detection of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> AHPND strain by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (57.14%) with a small amount of viability count in their hepatopancreas. In contrast, the infected shrimps that were fed with each of <i>B. subtilis, B. licheniformis</i> or <i>B. megaterium</i>, revealed the spread of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> AHPND strain in all tissue by PCR detection (86.67%-100%) with a large amount of viability count (3.53 - 4.24 × 10³ CFU/g). This study indicated that the mixed culture of <i>Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. megaterium</i> could control the dissemination of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in shrimps, especially in hepatopancreatic that is the target tissue of AHPND in white shrimp <i>(L. vannamei</i>). The result of this study revealed the efficiency and mechanism of the mixed culture of <i>B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. megaterium</i> to control the virulence of AHPND and support the application of this mixed culture in aquaculture of shrimp farms to avoid chemical and antibiotic treatment by using it as a biological control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"34 1","pages":"85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}