Tropical life sciences research最新文献

{"title":"Decreased Severity of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in White Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) by Mixed Culture of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> and <i>Bacillus megaterium</i>.","authors":"Saowapha Surawut,&nbsp;Kunyarut Suntara,&nbsp;Winyou Puckdee,&nbsp;Chutapa Kunsook,&nbsp;Pornpimon Kanjanavas,&nbsp;Anchalee Kompatiparn,&nbsp;Prachuab Leeruksakiat","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the mixed culture of <i>Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. megaterium</i> to control acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or EMS (Early Mortality Syndrome) in white shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> as a model. The infected shrimps with <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> AHPND strain were divided into tanks and different feeding of either <i>B. subtilis, B. licheniformis</i>, <i>B. megaterium</i> or all <i>Bacillus</i> strains. The infected shrimps that were fed with a mixed culture of <i>Bacillus</i> showed significantly highest survival rate and revealed lower percent detection of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> AHPND strain by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (57.14%) with a small amount of viability count in their hepatopancreas. In contrast, the infected shrimps that were fed with each of <i>B. subtilis, B. licheniformis</i> or <i>B. megaterium</i>, revealed the spread of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> AHPND strain in all tissue by PCR detection (86.67%-100%) with a large amount of viability count (3.53 - 4.24 × 10³ CFU/g). This study indicated that the mixed culture of <i>Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. megaterium</i> could control the dissemination of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in shrimps, especially in hepatopancreatic that is the target tissue of AHPND in white shrimp <i>(L. vannamei</i>). The result of this study revealed the efficiency and mechanism of the mixed culture of <i>B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. megaterium</i> to control the virulence of AHPND and support the application of this mixed culture in aquaculture of shrimp farms to avoid chemical and antibiotic treatment by using it as a biological control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Microbiota of Bagworm <i>Metisa plana</i> (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in Oil Palm Plantations in Malaysia.","authors":"Andrew Ting,&nbsp;Cik Mohd Rizuan Zainal Abidin,&nbsp;Noor Hisham Hamid,&nbsp;Ghows Azzam,&nbsp;Hasber Salim","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bagworm <i>Metisa plana</i> is one of the major pests in Malaysia's oil palm plantation, with infestation resulting in huge economical loss. Currently, the microbial profile of the bagworm has yet to be study. Understanding the biology of the pest such as the bacterial community is crucial as bacteria associated with insects often provide benefits to the insect, giving the insect host a better chance of survival. Here, 16S amplicon sequencing was used to identify the bacteria community of <i>M. plana.</i> Additionally, two comparisons were made, the bacterial communities between two larval stages (early instar stage and late instar stage) from outbreak area; the bacterial communities of late instar stage larvae from non-outbreak between outbreak areas. From this study, it was found that the bacterial community of <i>M. plana</i> consisted of <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, <i>Bacterioidetes</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i> and other minor phyla, with <i>Proteobacteria</i> being the most dominant phylum. Furthermore, bacterial genera of <i>M. plana</i> consisted of <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Curtobacterium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Massilia</i> and other minor genera, with <i>Pantoea</i> being the most dominant. It was also found that the alpha and beta diversity in both comparisons were not significantly different. We present our data as a first insight towards the bacterial community of <i>M. plana</i>, paving a way towards understanding the biology of the bagworm <i>M. plana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Optimisation of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Production of Endophytic Bacteria and Their Effects on Plant Growth.","authors":"Saowapar Khianngam,&nbsp;Pimjai Meetum,&nbsp;Pantipa Na Chiangmai,&nbsp;Somboon Tanasupawat","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the most physiologically active auxins produced by rhizobacteria and is potentially applied for agriculture. Two endophytic bacteria, VR2 and MG9, isolated from the root of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> (L.) collected at Cha-Am, and the leaf of <i>Bruguiera cylindrica</i> (L.) Blume collected from a mangrove forest at Ban Laem, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand, were taxonomic characterised based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Strain VR2 was closely related to <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> CIP 103441^T (99.6% similarity), while strain MG9 was closely related to <i>Bacillus aryabhattai</i> B8W22^T (99.9% similarity). Consequently, they were identified as <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> and <i>Bacillus aryabhattai</i>, respectively. The IAA production of VR2 and MG9 strains are determined and applied to rice seeds for their root and shoot germination. Strains VR2 and MG9 greatly produced a yield of IAA, 246.00 and 195.55 μg/mL in 1,000 μg/mL of L-tryptophan at pH 6 for 48 h. They showed no significant differences in IAA to root and shoot development. However, the bacterial IAA exhibited potential nearby synthetic IAA, which had a significant effect compared to the control. IAA produced from these two strains might preferably trim down the use of synthetic IAA and could contribute to sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Freezing Time on Degradation of Durian (<i>Durio Zibethinus</i> Murr.) Fruit's Attributes During the Frozen Storage.","authors":"Hendra Adi Prasetia,&nbsp;Slamet Budiawan,&nbsp;Ade Syahputra,&nbsp;Retno Umiarsih,&nbsp;Rifena Pangastuweni,&nbsp;Mutia Riefka Fauzidanty,&nbsp;Idham Sakti Harahap,&nbsp;Dondy Anggono Setyabudi,&nbsp;Affandi,&nbsp;Mazdani Ulfah Daulay,&nbsp;Wawan Sutian","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Freeze-process has been applied in preserving many fresh horticultural commodities addressed to the medium-distancing distribution. In this study, effect of freezing process and storage time on durian's attributes degradation was observed. 100 durian fruits were treated with two-level combinations of freezing process. The first level involves the freezing of the said fruit at -15°C for two different freezing times, that is 10 min (treatment A) and 20 min (treatment B). Followed by frozen-storage for -10°C for 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. At different interval time, the frozen samples were thawed at 4°C for 24h. Then, physical, chemical, and sensory parameters were periodically assessed. The result showed that treatment B provide a significantly better output than treatment A. This is proven through a lower weight loss, brighter and lighter yellow of the pulp, softer pulp, lower value of moisture content on the pulp, and a remained stable of succinate acid's profile. Furthermore, based on the preference evaluation test, the fruits were accepted by respondents.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestibility, Growth Performance, Body Measurement and Hormone of Sheep Fed with Different Levels of <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> Diets.","authors":"Mimi Syazwani Jaapar,&nbsp;Eric Lim Teik Chung,&nbsp;Nazri Nayan,&nbsp;Kalai Vaani Muniandy,&nbsp;Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan,&nbsp;Shokri Jusoh,&nbsp;Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited data are available regarding the effects of <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> on sheep's growth performance at different times. Therefore, this current study focused on sheep's nutrient apparent digestibility, feed efficiency, body index, and growth hormone when they are fed with low and high levels of <i>B. decumbens</i> diets. A total of 30 six-month-old male Dorper cross sheep were divided randomly into three treatment groups with 10 sheep per treatment. Treatment 1 (control) sheep were fed with <i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> and pellets as the basal diet, whereas Treatment 2 and 3 sheep were fed with feed mixed with low (10%) and high (60%) levels of <i>B. decumbens</i>, respectively. The study was conducted in two phases consisting of short-term feeding (seven days) and long-term feeding (90 days). Throughout the experiment, daily fecal voided were collected in the morning for seven days continuous before the end of each feeding phases for the determination of nutrient apparent digestibility. The amount of feed offered and refusals plus body weight gain were recorded daily to determine the feed efficiency (FE). Besides, the body measurements of each sheep from every treatment were measured weekly and blood samples were collected for the analysis of growth hormone (GH) concentration. There were significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the nutrient apparent digestibility, growth performance, body measurement, and GH concentration among treatment sheep throughout the study period. Treatment 3 sheep fed with 60% of <i>B. decumbens</i> diet revealed the lowest dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility during the long-term feeding. Likewise, Treatment 3 (T3) sheep had the lowest total bodyweight gain, average daily gain, total feed intake, and daily feed intake among treatment sheep. The heart girth index (HGI) of T3 sheep was also significantly lower during the short-term feeding. Moreover, the GH concentration of T3 sheep was significantly lower as compared to the control that decreases steadily throughout the study period. In conclusion, high levels of <i>B. decumbens</i> showed the most significant results out of all three treatments indicating the presence of saponins, which produce negative effects on the sheep's overall performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Demi-Decade of Mammal Research: A Rapid Assessment within the Heart of Borneo in Sabah.","authors":"Mohd Aminur Faiz Suis,&nbsp;Jabanus Miun,&nbsp;Lawrence Tingkoi,&nbsp;Alexander Yuk Loong Hastie,&nbsp;Arthur Chung Yaw Chyang,&nbsp;Reuben Nilus","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sabah contributes 4.2 million hectares to the total Heart of Borneo (HoB) areas. Some of the forest reserves in the HoB are newly gazetted as Totally Protected Forest. Hence, their mammal diversity has to be comprehensively documented. This study aims to record the presence of terrestrial mammal species, and assess the prevalence of poaching in selected forest reserves within the Sabah HoB area. A total of 15 forest reserves were surveyed within a 5-year timeframe which recorded 60 terrestrial mammal species, including 21 Bornean endemics. The variation in total enumerated mammal species in the study sites may be derived from unequal sampling efforts, geographical factors and anthropogenic influences. The intensity of poaching within the study sites is high. Though this study is a rapid assessment, it created baseline information for mammal diversity in some of the least studied forest reserves in Sabah, important for conservation of its terrestrial mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on Water Quality Parameter and Nutrients Level of Nyatuh River in Relations with <i>Macrobrachium Rosenbergii</i> Prawn Populations.","authors":"Nor Azman Kasan,&nbsp;Mhd Ikhwanuddin,&nbsp;Hidayah Manan,&nbsp;Nur Syafirah Zakaria,&nbsp;Amyra Suryatie Kamaruzzan,&nbsp;Ahmad Ideris Abdul Rahim,&nbsp;Ahmad Najmi Ishak","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the safety level of water parameters and nutrients in the natural environment of fish and freshwater prawn in Nyatuh River, Terengganu, Malaysia, it is necessary to conduct an assessment of water quality parameters. Due to its important, a study was conducted to assess the water quality parameter and nutrients contents from Nyatuh River of Setiu Terengganu in relations to the population of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii caught along the Nyatuh River basin. Total of four expeditions and five stations at different tidal condition for the water quality parameter were assessed during the study. From the results achieved, the overall temperature varied between (26.56°C–29.30°C), dissolved oxygen, DO (3.59 mg/L–6.50 mg/L), pH (4.99–7.01), salinity (0.01ppt–4.22ppt), depth (2.71 m–5.54 m) while for ammonia (0.01 mg/L–0.24 mg/L), nitrite (0.01 mg/L–0.05 mg/L) and phosphate (0.01 mg/L–0.12 mg/L). While the number of prawns caught are 176, 160, 102 and 68 for Expeditions 1, 2, 4 and 3, respectively. Possibly, the heterogeneous number of prawns caught is a result of significant differences in water level depth during high tides and low tides, as well as a fluctuation in the ammonia concentration levels in each of the stations and expeditions. For statistical analysis, the temperature showed no significant difference between the expedition, stations and tidal. That is p = 0.280, p > 0.05 and F = 1.206, respectively. While dissolved oxygen, DO, showed no significant difference as well, that is p = 0.714, p > 0.05 and F = 0.737. However, the level of water depth was significantly different between expedition, station and tidal, that is p = 0.000, p < 0.05 and F = 3.120. Ammonia, on the other hand shows no significant difference between expedition, station and tidal, that is p = 0.476, p > 0.05 and F = 0.973. The same goes for nitrite and phosphate concentration. There was no significant difference between expedition, stations and tidal, that is p = 0.569, p > 0.05 and F = 0.879 and p = 0.247, p > 0.05, F = 1.255, respectively. In Expedition 1, the good water quality parameter and very low ammonia concentration resulted in a larger prawn population as compared to other expeditions. The distribution or mixture of prawns caught is heterogeneous at different stations due to the significant differences in water depth and also to the fluctuation in water quality due to varying ammonia levels. In conclusion, the water quality in Nyatuh River fluctuated across expeditions, stations, and tides, as well as significant differences in water level depths between high and low tides. Due to the rapid growth and importance of industrial and aquaculture operations along the river, extra attention should be devoted to avoid the impact of excessive pollutant in order to protect the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Morpho-Anatomical Studies of Two Philippine Endemic Species of <i>Amyema Tiegh</i>. (Loranthaceae).","authors":"Romeo M Tubongbanua,&nbsp;Noe P Mendez,&nbsp;Victor B Amoroso","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Amyema</i> are epiphytic hemiparasitic plants on different types of woody host plants and are abundant in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. In Marilog Forest Reserve, Southern Philippines, two Philippine endemic species of <i>Amyema</i> were recorded, <i>viz</i>., <i>Amyema curranii</i> (Merr.) <i>Danser</i> and <i>A. seriata</i> (Merr.) Barlow. In this study, these two species were compared and examined for their morphology and anatomy. Data revealed that the two <i>Amyema</i> species are morphologically distinct, with <i>A. curranii</i> having lanceolate leaves, pink flowers, and red fruits, whereas <i>A. seriata</i> has obovate leaves, red flowers, and yellow fruits. For the morpho-anatomy, <i>A. curranii</i> has a single-layered epidermis, paracytic stomata, collateral open vascular bundles, the Eustele type of stele with pith at the center, and the inferior free central type with a hairy ovary wall. Meanwhile, <i>A. seriata</i> has a pinkish, single-layered epidermis, paracytic stomata, collateral open vascular bundles, a eustele type of stele with the presence of pith at the center, and an inferior free central ovary type. As a result, employing these species' gross morphology and anatomy could scrutinise future evaluations and taxonomic placements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Glucose Level, Langerhans Pancreas and Lipid Profile of Diabetic Rats After Administration of Red Betel, Ginger and Cinnamon Combination Extract.","authors":"Mega Safithri,&nbsp;Maria Bintang,&nbsp;Syaefudin","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies had reported antihyperglycemic activity <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in silico</i> of red betel (<i>Piper crocatum</i>) extract, which was associated with its polyphenolic, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids compounds. This study aimed to determine blood glucose level, Langerhans pancreas, lipid profile and bodyweight of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after administrating red betel combination extract. Red betel combination extract is composed of red betel extract that was combined with ginger and cinnamon extracts. 16 male rats (<i>Sprague Dawley</i>) were divided randomly into two controls groups (Normal and diabetic groups; orally administered with 2 mL of aquadest for 14 days) and two extract groups (diabetic groups; orally administered with red betel combination extract 9 mL/kg BW and 13.5 mL/kg BW). Results showed that the administration of red betel combination extract for 14 days (9 mL/kg BW dosage) decreased the rat's blood glucose level up to 55.42%, which was significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the rat's blood glucose levels on day 3. While the combination extract (dosages 9 mL/kg BW and 13.5 mL/kg BW) increased the numbers of rat Langerhans islets up to 10.9%-30.6%. The level of rat's blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride levels in the diabetic control group were significantly different (<i>p < 0.05</i>) compared to that of the diabetic with red betel combination extract and normal groups. The treatment orally with red betel combination extract (various dosages) for 14 days suppressed the weight loss of rats by 10%-11%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Red Oak, Red Coral and Butterhead.","authors":"Nadechanok Jiangseubchatveera,&nbsp;Charinrat Saechan,&nbsp;Arpa Petchsomrit,&nbsp;Tawikan Treeyaprasert,&nbsp;Nattawut Leelakanok,&nbsp;Chadaporn Prompanya","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. is an economically important vegetable that contains numerous phytochemicals. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals in three lettuce cultivars (red oak, red coral, and butterhead) and assess their total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. The dried leaves of each lettuce cultivar were macerated with hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and 95% ethanol (EtOH). Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activities from the three solvent extracts were measured. The phytochemical screening showed that the leaves from the three lettuce cultivars contained flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, coumarins, steroids, and phenolic compounds. While the EtOAc fraction of the red coral lettuce showed the highest total phenolic content (9.747 ± 0.021 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and the hexane fraction of the butterhead lettuce contained the highest flavonoids (7.065 ± 0.005 mg quercetin equivalent/g). In the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay, the EtOAc fraction of the red coral lettuce had the highest antioxidant capacity with an IC₅₀ of 0.277 ± 0.006 mg/mL, whereas, in the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay, the 95% EtOH of the red coral lettuce had the highest antioxidant capacity with an IC₅₀ of 0.300 ± 0.002 mg/mL. All three lettuce cultivars contained high levels of phenolic content and flavonoids, which are the source of antioxidant activities. These lettuce cultivars, especially the red coral lettuce, are a potential source of natural antioxidants. Further research on the application of natural antioxidants is required to investigate the therapeutic or the neutraceutical implication of the lettuce cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}