{"title":"An Empirical Comparison of Cross-Validation Procedures for Portfolio Selection","authors":"A. Paskaramoorthy, Terence L van Zyl, T. Gebbie","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776132","url":null,"abstract":"We present the constrained portfolio selection problem as a learning problem requiring hyper-parameter specification. In practice, hyper-parameters are typically selected using a validation procedure, of which there are several widely-used alternatives. However, the performance of different validation procedures is problem dependent and has not been investigated for the portfolio selection problem. This study examines the behaviour of common validation procedures, including holdout, k-fold cross-validation, Monte Carlo cross-validation, and repeated k-fold cross-validation for estimating performance and selecting hyper-parameters for constrained portfolio selection. The results demonstrate that repeated k-fold cross-validation is the best performing procedure and recommend using 5 repetitions with 3 ≤ k ≤ 10 in practice.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114981481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatim Z. Habbab, Michael Kampouridis, Alexandros A. Voudouris
{"title":"Optimizing Mixed-Asset Portfolios Involving REITs","authors":"Fatim Z. Habbab, Michael Kampouridis, Alexandros A. Voudouris","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776074","url":null,"abstract":"Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) is a popular investment choice as it allows investors to hold shares in real estate rather than investing large sums of money to purchase real estate by themselves. Previous work studied the effectiveness of multi-asset portfolios that include REITs via an efficient frontier analysis. However, the advantages of including (both domestic and international) REITs in multi-asset portfolios, as well as analyzing all the possible combinations of asset classes, has not been investigated before. In this paper, we fill in this gap by performing a thorough investigation across 456 different portfolios to demonstrate the added value of including REITs in mixed-asset portfolios in terms of different important financial metrics. To this end, we use a genetic algorithm approach to maximize the Sharpe ratio of the portfolios. Our results show that optimization via a genetic algorithm outperforms the results obtained from a global minimum variance portfolio. More importantly, our results also show that there can be significant improvements in average returns, risk and Sharpe ratio when including REITs.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125947917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Thavaneswaran, You Liang, Sanjiv Ranjan Das, R. Thulasiram, Janakumar Bhanushali
{"title":"Intelligent Probabilistic Forecasts of VIX and its Volatility using Machine Learning Methods","authors":"A. Thavaneswaran, You Liang, Sanjiv Ranjan Das, R. Thulasiram, Janakumar Bhanushali","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776069","url":null,"abstract":"The market focuses on the Cboe Volatility Index (VIX) or Fear Index, an option-implied forecast of 30 calendar-day realized volatility of S&P 500 returns derived from a cross-section of vanilla options. The VIX is determined using a formula that derives the market’s expectation of realized one-month standard deviation of returns backed out from the near-term call and put options on the S&P 500 index. Market participants such as traders, asset managers, and risk managers, keenly watch the VIX index, and are interested in achieving accurate intelligent probabilistic forecasts of the VIX, and also of the realized volatility of individual stocks. These volatility forecasts are useful to options traders placing bets on the future volatility of individual stocks. This paper examines models that only utilize past values of the VIX and document improvements in forecasting the VIX (and its volatility) over different horizons. The approaches include long short-term memory (LSTM) models, simple moving average methods, data-driven neuro volatility techniques, and industry models like Prophet. Uniquely, we propose a novel VIX price interval forecasting model. The driving idea, unlike the existing VIX price forecasting models, is that the proposed novel LSTM interval forecasting method trains two LSTMs to obtain price forecasts and the forecast error volatility forecasts. All the proposed forecasting methods also avoid model identification and estimation issues, especially for a series like the VIX which is non-stationary. We compare models and document which ones perform best for varied horizons.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116444496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting Financial Volatility from Personal Transactional Data","authors":"Rui Ying Goh, G. Andreeva, Yi Cao","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776206","url":null,"abstract":"Cash flow transactions of individuals fluctuate over time and can be irregular. Financial volatility measures the variation of individuals’ financial behaviours i.e., the degree of uncertainty from the cash flow fluctuations. The evaluation of financial volatility is important in order to identify potentially risky behaviours that may harm financial wellbeing. This study predicts financial volatility from transactional data coming from current accounts. In this work, we develop a financial volatility composite index as the target variable, which simultaneously accounts for the fluctuations in income, expenditure, and financial buffer (or balance). Then, we fit a linear regression model to investigate the relationship between transactional behaviours and financial volatility. Lastly, we compare the performance of linear regression with XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm, in predicting financial volatility. We observe some risky volatile behaviours that imply financial difficulties. High financial volatility signals an increased risk, if it is associated with potential financial struggles that require long term dependence on overdraft, lower spending on fixed and living costs, or problems in catching up with regular financial commitments. At the same time, low financial volatility may be implying an increased risk too, if it is associated with restricted transactions due to extreme negative balances or consistent heavy overdraft usage. In general, the proposed financial volatility predictive model provides insights into the implicit risk of customers and their vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127949888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of False Information from Spoofing Strategies: An ABM Model of Market Dynamics","authors":"HaoHang Li, Steve Y. Yang","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776070","url":null,"abstract":"Spoofing has been identified a form of market manipulation, and it is harmful to the stability of the financial market. However, the effect of spoofing activity is hard to analyze due to its complex interactions within the market and lack of data. This paper presents an agent-based simulation model of the continuous double auction market to replicate and analyze the market dynamics under spoofing conditions. The simulated market consists of fundamentalist, chartist, zero intelligence agents, and spoofing agents where several existing market stylized facts are validated. The results show that in the presence of the spoofing agents and their market manipulation activities, the market volatility would increase, and spoofing activities would exacerbate the price variations. The fundamentalist agents would suffer a loss during the spoofing period but would be able to make profit during the price recovery phase. The chartist agents would suffer a loss when the spoofing agent realized its profit and the price recovery process start, at which they falsely believed the price movement trend would continue. The Sharpe ratio analysis also indicates the market manipulation activities of the spoofing agent would give themselves an unfair advantage resulting in a significantly higher Sharpe ratio than the other agents.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125042204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probabilistic Inference of South African Equity Option Prices Under Jump-Diffusion Processes","authors":"W. Mongwe, T. Sidogi, R. Mbuvha, T. Marwala","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776189","url":null,"abstract":"Jump-diffusion processes have been utilised to capture the leptokurtic nature of asset returns and to fit the market observed option volatility skew with great success. These models can be calibrated to historical share price data or forward-looking option market data. In this work, we infer South African equity option prices using the Bayesian inference framework. This approach allows one to attain uncertainties in the parameters of the calibrated models and confidence intervals with any predictions produced with the models. We calibrate the one-dimensional Merton jump-diffusion model to European put and call option data on the All-Share price index using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods: the Metropolis Adjusted Langevin Algorithm, Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, and the No-U-Turn Sampler. Our approach produces a distribution of the jump-diffusion model parameters, which can be used to build economic scenario generators and price exotic options such as those embedded in life insurance contracts. The empirical results show that our approach can, on test data, exactly price all put option prices regardless of their moneyness, with slight miss-pricing on very deep in the money calls.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131622621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying Sentiment Analysis, Topic Modeling, and XGBoost to Classify Implied Volatility","authors":"Farshid Balaneji, D. Maringer","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776196","url":null,"abstract":"Implied volatility is an important indicator that shows the market participants’ expectations about the future fluctuations in the options market. This paper evaluates the question of whether the combination of topics and sentiment scores extracted from mainstream financial news could improve forecasting the directional changes of the expected implied volatility index in the next month (iv30call). We select six stocks from the Dow Jones list of companies and acquire over 190,000 news published between January 2019 and September 2019. By building text processing and topic modeling pipelines, we can examine (i) the role of daily mean and medium of sentiment scores; and (ii) the influence of topic models on the classification metrics. The results demonstrate that adding a topic model has a positive effect on the model’s accuracy, which reaches higher accuracy in classifying the iv30call of the next business day in five out of six companies. The outcome suggests that applying the mean of the daily sentiment scores improves the models’ accuracy compared to the daily median for the selected assets.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114352592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A deep learning-based high-order operator splitting method for high-dimensional nonlinear parabolic PDEs via Malliavin calculus: application to CVA computation","authors":"Riu Naito, Toshihiro Yamada","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776096","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces a deep learning-based high-order operator splitting method for nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) by using a Malliavin calculus approach. Through the method, a solution of a nonlinear PDE is accurately approximated even when the dimension of the PDE is high. As an application, the method is applied to the CVA computation in high-dimensional finance models. Numerical experiments performed on GPUs show the efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133258666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organization Committee","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/cifer52523.2022.9776209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cifer52523.2022.9776209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116278989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isla Almeida Oliveira, Pâmela Rugoni Belin, C. Santos, M. A. Ludwig, J. R. H. Rodrigues, C. Pica
{"title":"Long-Term Energy Consumption Forecast for a Commercial Virtual Power Plant Using a Hybrid K-means and Linear Regression Algorithm","authors":"Isla Almeida Oliveira, Pâmela Rugoni Belin, C. Santos, M. A. Ludwig, J. R. H. Rodrigues, C. Pica","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776211","url":null,"abstract":"With regard to the development of a commercial Virtual Power Plant (VPP) – whose objective is to aggregate consumer and generator units that receive contractual benefits through a joint operation –, arises the necessity to implement a long-term energy consumption forecast algorithm, with the competence to provide inputs for the decision on the purchase or sale of long-term energy contracts. To perform this forecast, a hybrid algorithm with k-means clustering is used to cluster seasonal patterns of daily energy consumption through unsupervised machine learning, also applying regression concepts to identify trends and compose forecasted consumption. The model traces daily consumption profiles throughout the year utilizing measurement data to forecast the monthly energy consumption, which is segmented in peak and off-peak periods, in virtue of additional taxes that are charged for distributors of electricity in high demand hours. The proposed forecast model resulted in elevated accuracy in the aggregated loads context – which is the main objective of the VPP application –, increasing the usefulness of the VPP application as a decision-making tool for retailers, power distribution companies and other purposes involving grouping of electricity consumption.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"6 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125735731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}