{"title":"A Performance Study of Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms for Market Timing","authors":"Ismail Mohamed, F. E. B. Otero","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776019","url":null,"abstract":"Market timing is the issue of deciding when to buy or sell a given asset on a financial market. As one of the core issues of algorithmic trading systems, designers of such systems have turned to computational intelligence methods to aid them in this task. In our previous work, we introduced a number of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms to compose strategies for market timing using a novel training and testing methodology that reduced the likelihood of overfitting and tackled market timing as a multiobjective optimization problem. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of these multiobjective PSO algorithms and address two limitations in the results presented previously. The first limitation is that the PSO algorithms have not been compared to well-known algorithms or market timing techniques. This is addressed by comparing the results obtained against NSGA-II and MACD, a technique commonly used in market timing strategies. The second limitation is that we have no insight regarding diversity of the Pareto sets returned by the algorithms. We address this by using RadViz to visualize the Pareto sets returned by all the algorithms, including NSGA-II and MACD. The results show that the multiobjective PSO algorithms return statistically significantly better results than NSGA-II and MACD. We also observe that the multiobjective PSOSP algorithm consistently displayed the best spread in its returned Pareto sets despite not having any explicit diversity promoting measures.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114653108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concept and Practice of Artificial Market Data Mining Platform","authors":"Masanori Hirano, Hiroki Sakaji, K. Izumi","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776095","url":null,"abstract":"We proposed a concept called the artificial market data mining platform and presented a practical example for it. This concept is designed to evaluate data mining methods through artificial market simulation. We believe that the proposed platform can help us conduct a fair evaluation of data mining methods for the financial market without actual data dependence, and investigate the impact of financial market factors on predictions of future market movements. In this study, as a practical example, we built a tick-time level artificial market simulation and data mining models to predict short-term price changes and investigated the effect of four financial market factors on the performance of data mining models. Through experimental analysis, we demonstrated the validity and benefits of the proposed concept and practice model. We also discussed the potential and future applications of our proposal.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132537103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Customized Stock Return Prediction with Deep Learning","authors":"Christopher Felder, Stefan Mayer","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776177","url":null,"abstract":"In finance, researchers so far use standard loss functions such as mean squared error when training artificial neural networks for return prediction. However, from an investor’s perspective, prediction errors are ambiguous: in practice, the investor prefers to see underprediction of portfolio returns rather than overprediction, as the former implies higher realized returns and thus financial benefits. We present a loss function customized to this behavior and test it based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, the state-of-the-art tools in time series analysis. Our model learns unique signals, predicts returns more cautiously, and improves profit chances over the standard LSTM and reversal signals. Daily and weekly revised portfolios achieve on average five percentage points higher annualized returns. We show that our loss function is robust to market sentiment and beneficial in nonlinear optimization.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115223744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Instability of financial markets by optimizing investment strategies investigated by an agent-based model","authors":"Takanobu Mizuta, Isao Yagi, K. Takashima","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776207","url":null,"abstract":"Most finance studies are discussed on the basis of several hypotheses, for example, investors rationally optimize their investment strategies. However, the hypotheses themselves are sometimes criticized. Market impacts, where trades of investors can impact and change market prices, making optimization impossible. In this study, we built an artificial market model by adding technical analysis strategy agents searching one optimized parameter to a whole simulation run to the prior model and investigated whether investors’ inability to accurately estimate market impacts in their optimizations leads to optimization instability. In our results, the parameter of investment strategy never converged to a specific value but continued to change. This means that even if all other traders are fixed, only one investor will use backtesting to optimize his/her strategy, which leads to the time evolution of market prices becoming unstable. Optimization instability is one level higher than \"non-equilibrium of market prices.\" Therefore, the time evolution of market prices produced by investment strategies having such unstable parameters is highly unlikely to be predicted and have stable laws written by equations. This nature makes us suspect that financial markets include the principle of natural uniformity and indicates the difficulty of building an equation model explaining the time evolution of prices.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114239016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sander Noels, Benjamin Vandermarliere, Ken Bastiaensen, T. D. Bie
{"title":"An Earth Mover’s Distance Based Graph Distance Metric For Financial Statements","authors":"Sander Noels, Benjamin Vandermarliere, Ken Bastiaensen, T. D. Bie","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776204","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying the similarity between a group of companies has proven to be useful for several purposes, including company benchmarking, fraud detection, and searching for investment opportunities. This exercise can be done using a variety of data sources, such as company activity data and financial data. However, ledger account data is widely available and is standardized to a large extent. Such ledger accounts within a financial statement can be represented by means of a tree, i.e. a special type of graph, representing both the values of the ledger accounts and the relationships between them. Given their broad availability and rich information content, financial statements form a prime data source based on which company similarities or distances could be computed.In this paper, we present a graph distance metric that enables one to compute the similarity between the financial statements of two companies. We conduct a comprehensive experimental study using real-world financial data to demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed distance metric. The experimental results show promising results on a number of use cases. This method may be useful for investors looking for investment opportunities, government officials attempting to identify fraudulent companies, and accountants looking to benchmark a group of companies based on their financial statements.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126153916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Dimensional Stock Portfolio Trading with Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Uta Pigorsch, S. Schäfer","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776121","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm for financial portfolio trading based on Deep Q-learning [1]. The algorithm is capable of trading high-dimensional portfolios from cross-sectional datasets of any size which may include data gaps and non-unique history lengths in the assets. We sequentially set up environments by sampling one asset for each environment while rewarding investments with the resulting asset’s return and cash reservation with the average return of the set of assets. This enforces the agent to strategically assign capital to assets that it predicts to perform above-average. We apply our methodology in an out-of-sample analysis to 48 US stock portfolio setups, varying in the number of stocks from ten up to 500 stocks, in the selection criteria and in the level of transaction costs. The algorithm on average outperforms all considered passive and active benchmark investment strategies by a large margin using only one hyperparameter setup for all portfolios.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127298194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Spending Behavior: Recurrent Neural Network Explanation and Interpretation","authors":"Charl Maree, C. Omlin","doi":"10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIFEr52523.2022.9776210","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-segmentation of customers in the finance sector is a nontrivial task and has been an atypical omission from recent scientific literature. Where traditional segmentation classifies customers based on coarse features such as demographics, micro-segmentation depicts more nuanced differences between individuals, bringing forth several advantages including the potential for improved personalization in financial services. AI and representation learning offer a unique opportunity to solve the problem of micro-segmentation. Although ubiquitous in many industries, the proliferation of AI in sensitive industries such as finance has become contingent on the explainability of deep models. We had previously solved the micro-segmentation problem by extracting temporal features from the state space of a recurrent neural network (RNN). However, due to the inherent opacity of RNNs, our solution lacked an explanation. In this study, we address this issue by extracting a symbolic explanation for our model and providing an interpretation of our temporal features. For the explanation, we use a linear regression model to reconstruct the features in the state space with high fidelity. We show that our linear regression coefficients have not only learned the rules used to recreate the features, but have also learned the relationships that were not directly evident in the raw data. Finally, we propose a novel method to interpret the dynamics of the state space by using the principles of inverse regression and dynamical systems to locate and label a set of attractors.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116065353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Portfolio optimization with choice of a probability measure","authors":"Taiga Saito, Akihiko Takahashi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3816173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816173","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers a new problem for portfolio optimization with a choice of a probability measure, particularly optimal investment problem under sentiments. Firstly, we formulate the problem as a sup-sup-inf problem consisting of optimal investment and a choice of a probability measure expressing aggressive and conservative attitudes of the investor. This problem also includes the case where the agent has conservative and neutral views on risks represented by Brownian motions and degrees of conservativeness differ among the risk. Secondly, we obtain an expression of the volatility process of a backward stochastic differential equation related to the conservative sentiment in order to investigate cases where the sup-sup-inf problem is solved. Specifically, we take a Malliavin calculus approach to solve the problem and obtain an optimal portfolio process. Finally, we provide an expression of the optimal portfolio under the sentiments in two examples with stochastic uncertainties in an exponential utility case and investigate the impact of the sentiments on the portfolio process.","PeriodicalId":234473,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126464905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}