Urolithiasis最新文献

{"title":"Urinary volatilomics for biomarker discovery in kidney stone patients and healthy controls.","authors":"Pascal Fuchsmann, Eugenia Pertziger, Hélène Y Meng, Saša M Miladinović, Murielle Bochud, Carsten A Wagner, Olivier Bonny, Guy Vergères","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02045-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00240-026-02045-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent and recurrent condition with a rising incidence worldwide, largely attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors, including diet. Novel, non-invasive biomarkers are needed to improve early diagnosis, recurrence monitoring, and personalized prevention. This study aimed to identify urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that differentiate healthy individuals from kidney stone formers and to explore their associations with fermented food intake. Using dynamic headspace Vacuum in-tube extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-V-ITEX-GC-MS), 24-h urine samples were analyzed to identify potential volatile biomarkers related to kidney stone risk. This case-control study included 232 patients with recurrent kidney stone disease and 168 healthy controls enrolled in the Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort. Urine samples were analyzed using untargeted volatilomic profiling. Data were normalized, quality-filtered, and adjusted for relevant confounders, including study center, sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes status. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to identify discriminative features, followed by metabolite identification. Seventy-seven metabolites differed significantly between kidney stone formers and controls. Octane, 1,1'-oxybis- and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were present at higher levels in controls, whereas acetic acid and propanoic acid were detected at higher levels in participants with kidney stones. Among these metabolites, three were associated with fermented food consumption, with 3-nonen-2-one emerging as a potential mediator of the association between coffee consumption and reduced kidney stone risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13506514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting GLS and LPIN2 in renal fibroblasts: potential therapeutic targets for kidney stone disease identified by integrated multi-omics analysis.","authors":"Yaofeng Wang, Yanchao Gong, Yuankai Li, Shiying Shao, Zhenhua Li, Mingyue Tian","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02034-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-026-02034-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney stones (KS) are a common urological condition, the aetiology of which remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the key cell types involved in the formation of kidney stones and the molecular mechanisms associated with calcium metabolism. Single-cell and bulk RNA-seq datasets related to kidney stones were downloaded from the GEO database. Single-cell analysis was performed to explore the heterogeneity of kidney stones and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Candidate genes were identified by integrating analysis, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Three machine learning algorithms were applied to screen for key genes, and then we construct risk prediction nomograms. Immune cell infiltration and regulatory network analyses were conducted, and potential therapeutic drugs were predicted. In vitro experiments were conducted using calcium oxalate (CaOx)-induced human renal fibroblasts (HRF), and gene function was validated via qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8 assay, ROS detection and Alizarin Red S staining, alongside knockdown and overexpression experiments. Additionally, osteogenic medium (OM) was applied to evaluate the roles of GLS and LPIN2 in osteogenic-like differentiation of HRF, assessed by osteogenic marker expression (Runx2, Osterix, OPN, OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/staining, and Alizarin Red S mineralization assay. A total of nine cell types were identified, with a significantly reduced proportion of fibroblasts observed in the KS group. Nineteen candidate genes were screened, primarily concentrated in pathways related to metabolism, ion balance and cell growth. Machine learning identified GLS and LPIN2 as key genes, both of which were upregulated in KS at both the transcriptomic and single-cell levels. PPI and ceRNA network analyses revealed a regulatory network centred on NEAT1, XIST, hsa-miR-15a-5p and hsa-miR-15b-5p. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that the expression of GLS and LPIN2 was associated with various immune cell types. In vitro experiments confirmed that CaOx upregulated GLS and LPIN2; their knockdown attenuated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (α-SMA, collagen I), reduced ROS levels and decreased calcium deposition, whilst their overexpression exacerbated these effects. Furthermore, OM induction significantly upregulated GLS and LPIN2 expression in HRF. Knockdown of GLS or LPIN2 attenuated OM-induced osteogenic-like differentiation, as evidenced by reduced expression of Runx2, Osterix, OPN and OCN, decreased ALP activity, and diminished mineralization, whereas their overexpression further enhanced these osteogenic responses. This study identified GLS and LPIN2 as key genes promoting fibroblast activation, calcium deposition and osteogenic differentiation in KS, constructed a risk prediction model, and identified digoxin as a potential therapeutic agent, providing new strategies for the precise diagnosis and treatment of KS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on: \"Computed tomography-derived visceral fat area is associated with increased risk of kidney stone recurrence\"-cohort and follow-up inconsistencies and interpretation of age-related effects.","authors":"Emrah Küçük","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02038-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-026-02038-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of coupling fluid tonicity on pain and fragmentation outcomes in ESWL: a prospective comparative study.","authors":"Ahmet Murat Bayraktar, Onur Küçüktopçu, Bilgi İşler, Burak Yılmaz, Mustafa Bilal Hamarat, Erhan Şahin, Gürkan Dalgıç, Kemal Sarıca","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02037-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00240-026-02037-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effects of coupling fluid tonicity on pain, stone fragmentation success and complications in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). This prospective, controlled clinical trial included 294 patients with renal pelvis stones (5-20 mm) allocated to three groups: hypotonic degassed water (n = 97), isotonic 0.9% NaCl (n = 99) and hypertonic 3% NaCl (n = 98). Primary endpoints were post-ESWL Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores and stone fragmentation success (< 4 mm residual fragments) on follow-up non-contrast computed tomography at 2-4 weeks. Baseline demographic and stone characteristics were comparable across groups. VAS pain scores differed significantly among the three groups (p = 0.005), with the hypertonic group showing the lowest median score (4.0 vs. 5.0 in both other groups). Post-hoc analysis confirmed that this reduction was statistically significant only between the isotonic and hypertonic groups (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.004), whereas the difference versus hypotonic water did not remain significant after correction. Multivariable regression confirmed that the pain reduction was independent of the recorded energy level (p < 0.001). Stone fragmentation success rates were similar (56.7%, 59.6% and 57.1%; p = 0.907). The incidence of skin petechiae and/or ecchymosis decreased numerically with increasing tonicity (6.2% to 1.0%) but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.161). Hypertonic 3% NaCl coupling fluid may significantly reduce ESWL-related pain, particularly compared with isotonic fluid, with no statistically significant difference in clinical stone fragmentation success observed among the groups. Validation through larger, multicentre randomised trials is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary practice patterns of shock wave lithotripsy in the era of endourology: an international FUTURE survey.","authors":"Sanguinetti Horacio, Castellani Danielle, Johnson Brett, Maheshwari Pankaj N, Quarrier Scott, Ghani Khurshid","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02035-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-026-02035-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relative use of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has declined with the expansion of endourological techniques, although SWL remains widely available. Contemporary international data on SWL utilization, technical delivery, operator models, outcome assessment, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools are limited. This study evaluated current SWL practice patterns among urologists involved in stone disease management. A cross-sectional web-based survey was developed by the Kidney Stones Pillar of the FUTURE collaborative group and distributed through the Endourological Society network and X platform between February and April 2026. The questionnaire assessed SWL utilization, decision-making, technical parameters, operator profile, follow-up, outcome definitions, and AI use. Results were summarized using item-level denominators. Exploratory subgroup analyses compared respondents with higher (> 15%) versus lower/no (≤ 15%) SWL utilization. A total of 156 responses from 36 countries were analyzed. Overall, 121/156 (77.6%) respondents used SWL in ≤ 15% of stone cases, including 26/156 (16.7%) who did not currently use SWL. Among 144 respondents for whom the temporal-trend question was applicable, 89/144 (61.8%) perceived a decrease in SWL use over the preceding three years. Higher SWL utilization was associated with in-house SWL availability [30/35 (85.7%) vs. 59/121 (48.8%), p < 0.001]. Electromagnetic lithotripters were most common [66/129 (51.2%)], and 100/126 (79.4%) respondents reported equipment aged ≥ 6 years. AI access remained limited, with 107/130 (82.3%) reporting no access and 11/130 (8.5%) reporting clinical use. Among respondents to this international survey, SWL was used in a minority of stone cases and was commonly perceived to have decreased over the preceding three years. Considerable variability was observed in patient selection, treatment delivery, operator models, training, and outcome assessment, while access to AI-based tools remained limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EP3 receptor mediates calcium oxalate kidney stone formation via Ca²⁺/AKT and necroinflammation.","authors":"Jing Leng, Yang Li, Xueqing Tang, Zhijie Song, Hangyu Lv, Huiying Han, Na Wen, Jinghang Fan, Xin Zhang A, Lin Zhang, Xin Zhang B, Fabin Zhou, Tao Guo, Qing Liu, Bing Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02030-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-026-02030-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney stone disease is a prevalent urological condition with rising incidence and high recurrence rates, yet effective pharmacological interventions remain lacking [1] Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and its receptor EP3 have been implicated in inflammatory kidney injury [1-3], but their role in nephrolithiasis is unclear. This study investigates the role and mechanism of EP3 in calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation using in vitro and in vivo models. EP3 expression was significantly upregulated in CaOx-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and in kidney tissues of glyoxylate-induced nephrolithiasis mice. Treatment with the EP3 antagonist DG041 in vitro reduced crystal adhesion, decreased HMGB1 release, and suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Mechanistically, EP3 antagonism inhibited aberrant intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation and reduced AKT phosphorylation. Virtual screening identified Astragaloside A as a potential EP3 inhibitor. Astragaloside A recapitulated the protective effects of DG041, attenuating crystal adhesion, inflammation, and necroinflammation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that EP3 mediates crystal-induced renal tubular injury and inflammation via the Ca²⁺/AKT signaling axis. Targeting EP3 may interrupt the \"crystal‑injury‑inflammation\" cycle in nephrolithiasis, offering a new therapeutic strategy. This study is the first to demonstrate that the EP3 receptor mediates calcium oxalate kidney stone formation through the Ca²⁺/AKT signaling pathway and necroinflammation. EP3 antagonism reduces crystal adhesion, HMGB1 release, and inflammation. Virtual screening identifies astragaloside A as a novel EP3 inhibitor with protective effects in vitro and in vivo, highlighting EP3 as a promising therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Rhus coriaria L. fruit extract against experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis via modulation of oxidative stress and renal injury.","authors":"Mustafa Kemal Koç, Bedreddin Kalyenci, Erkan Yılmaz, Hasya Nazlı Gök, Egemen Erdem Öztürk, Mehmet Reşat Özercan","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02032-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-026-02032-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is strongly associated with oxidative stress, renal tubular injury, and inflammation. Natural products rich in polyphenols may serve as promising complementary preventive strategies. This study investigated the antiurolithiatic and renoprotective effects of Rhus coriaria fruit extract in an ethylene glycol-induced rat model of nephrolithiasis. Forty-two male rats were randomized into seven groups (n = 6): control, ethylene glycol (EG), EG + potassium citrate, R. coriaria 250 mg/kg/day, R. coriaria 500 mg/kg/day, EG + R. coriaria 250 mg/kg/day, and EG + R. coriaria 500 mg/kg/day. Nephrolithiasis was induced with 1% ethylene glycol for 28 days. Serum biochemistry, urinary lithogenic parameters, oxidative stress markers including total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), histopathology, and immunohistochemical expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and osteopontin (OPN) were evaluated. Phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Gallic acid was identified as the predominant phenolic constituent, together with smaller amounts of protocatechuic acid and ellagic acid. Ethylene glycol significantly increased urinary lithogenic parameters, oxidative stress indices, crystal deposition, tubular injury, and OPN expression. Treatment with R. coriaria significantly reduced urinary oxalate and calcium levels, improved TAS, SOD, and CAT levels, lowered TOS and MDA concentrations, and markedly attenuated crystal deposition, inflammation, and tubular dilatation. OPN expression was substantially decreased in treated groups, whereas KIM-1 showed a decreasing trend. Protective effects were more pronounced at the 500 mg/kg/day dose. R. coriaria fruit extract exerted significant antiurolithiatic and renoprotective effects in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. These findings suggest that R. coriaria may represent a potential adjunctive strategy for calcium oxalate stone disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of renal pelvis urine density and perinephric fat stranding for infectious complications after ureteroscopy in patients with obstructive ureteral stones.","authors":"Çağrı Coşkun, Ender Cem Bulut, Nihat Karabacak, İrem Aleyna Teke, Bora Küpeli","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02029-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-026-02029-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ureteroscopy (URS) is the most commonly used minimally invasive method for treating ureteral stones. Postoperative infection and sepsis are among the most frequent complications following URS. This study investigated the predictive power of renal pelvis urine density (RPUD) and perinephric fat stranding (PFS) on preoperative non-contrast computed tomography for predicting postoperative infectious complications after URS for obstructive ureteral stones. Data from patients who underwent URS for obstructive ureteral stones between January 2020 and December 2025 were examined. Patient groups with and without postoperative infection were compared. Postoperative infectious complications were defined as symptomatic presentations suggestive of urinary tract infection that fulfilled predefined systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Independent predictors were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, mean stone density, PFS, and RPUD were found to be independent predictive factors for postoperative infection (OR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996-0.999, p<0.001; OR: 3.416, 95% CI: 1.582-7.372, p = 0.002; and OR: 1.114, 95% CI: 1.054-1.176, p<0.001, respectively). In an additional sensitivity analysis restricted to objectively documented infections, higher RPUD values and greater PFS severity remained significantly associated with postoperative infectious complications. High RPUD values and increased PFS severity on preoperative NCCT may help identify patients at increased risk of clinically meaningful postoperative infectious complications following URS for obstructive ureteral stones and may facilitate closer postoperative surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between kidney stones and major adverse cardiovascular events: a population-based analysis.","authors":"Ashton Smelser, Kang Liu, Steven Chi-Ho Leung, Chi-Fai Ng","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02028-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00240-026-02028-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney stones are an increasingly common condition, and evidence suggests a link between stone formation and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between kidney stones and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), and stroke. This multicenter retrospective study included 6,660 patients with newly diagnosed stone disease from 2013 to 2017 (KS group) and 19,980 patients without stone disease (NKS group) in the same period. The history of kidney stones was found to be significantly associated with the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (aORs: 1.20, 95% CIs: 1.07-1.36, p = 0.003). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, the kidney stone formers had an increased relative risk in stroke (aHRs: 1.21, 95%CIs: 1.02-1.42, p = 0.03) and AMI (aHRs: 1.57, 95%CIs: 1.28-1.92, p < 0.001), but not HF (aHRs: 1.11, 95%CIs: 0.92-1.34, p = 0.3). In contrast, in the female subgroup, kidney stones were associated with an increased risk of HF (aHRs: 1.46, 95% CIs: 1.10-1.93, p = 0.009). The kidney stone formers had an increased risk in stroke and acute myocardial infarction, while only female patients with kidney stones had an increased risk of heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on: \"Computed tomography-derived visceral fat area is associated with increased risk of kidney stone recurrence\".","authors":"Xierzhati Aizezi, Hanzhen Shi, Jinxing Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00240-026-02027-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-026-02027-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23411,"journal":{"name":"Urolithiasis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}