Tropical animal health and production最新文献

{"title":"Improving intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiome of weaned piglets fed a low-protein diet through tryptophan and N-Acetylglutamic acid supplementation.","authors":"Shichao Liu, Zhiyuan Tai, Muzhi Li, Rui Zhang, Guobin Shao, Jiatai Guo, Weixing Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04490-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04490-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research aimed to evaluate how incorporating NAG and Trp into a low-protein diet affects intestinal functions and alterations in the microbiota, ultimately focusing on enhancing the growth and stress resistance of weaned piglets aged 3-4 weeks.A total of 120 weaned piglets were categorized into five distinct groups: a control group (CON), a low-protein diet group (LP), a low-protein diet group with 0.2% N-acetylglutamic acid (LP + NAG), a low-protein diet group with 0.2% tryptophan (LP + Trp), and a low-protein diet group with 0.2% N-acetylglutamic acid and 0.2% tryptophan (LP + NAG + Trp). The results revealed that the LP + NAG + Trp group exhibited a higher feed-to-gain ratio and improved growth performance, with significantly greater average daily gain and feed intake than the control group. Antioxidant capacity was enhanced, as indicated by elevated levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-1 increased, strengthening the intestinal barrier. Additionally, immunoglobulin levels and the abundance of actinomycetes in the gut microbiota rose, indicating improved immune function and gut health.The increased digestive capacity of the intestine may be linked to the growth in the population of actinomycetes, which is attributed to the combined addition of the NAG + Trp group.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility and parturition parameters in beef type heifers.","authors":"Ayşe Uysal, Vefa Tohumcu, Soner Uysal, Ali Sarı, Oğuz Zenginoglu, Mehmet Cengiz, Armağan Hayırlı","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04505-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04505-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared fertility and parturition parameters in Limousin (L) and Charolais (C) heifers to identify the breed most suitable for beef production. A total of 234 L and 76 C Hungarian-origin heifers, aged 9-11 months, were managed under standardized housing and feeding conditions at Dogan Farm. Parturitions were categorized based on the time of day (day: 07:00-19:00; night) and season (cold, cool, hot). Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Chi-square tests Results showed that C heifers required significantly more inseminations to conceive (C: 3.39 ± 0.22, L: 2.32 ± 0.10, P < 0.0001), indicating lower reproductive efficiency. Additionally, C calves were significantly heavier at birth than L calves (C: 46.1 ± 0.8 kg, L: 40.2 ± 0.3 kg, P < 0.0001), with male calves being generally heavier than females (M: 43.7 ± 0.5 kg, F: 39.5 ± 0.3 kg, P < 0.0001). The incidence of dystocia was higher in C heifers (63.16%) compared to L heifers (41.88%), while L heifers experienced greater parturition ease (58.12% vs. 36.84%; X² = 10.4244, P < 0.0054).</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiochemical and transcriptomics of exotic holstein friesian cattle in Pakistani subtropics.","authors":"Masood Ur Rehman, Rajwali Khan, Syed Muhammad Suhail, Iqbal Munir, Khalid Mahmood, Amel Ayari Akari","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04506-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04506-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Holstein Friesian (HF) cows are raised in diverse agroecological zones of Pakistan, where they face diverse agro-climatic effects, which consequently affect their productive and reproductive potential. This environmental stress impacts gene expression and influences molecular pathways, which needs exploration. Therefore, the current study was performed to evaluate environmental effects on biochemical, antioxidant, and genetic effects in HF dairy cows managed in three different agroecological zones of Pakistan. Biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed through ELISA kits. Deep RNA Sequencing was performed to explore DGE, GO terms, and their KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways. The mRNA expression was quantified through qRT-PCR. Different agroecological zones significantly (p < 005) affected biochemical stress markers (SOD, GPX, cortisol, glucose) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in HF cows during early and late summer. The highest SOD levels were found in early and late summer, and the highest GPX level was found in late summer (p < 0.05) in the Abbottabad zone. Additionally, the lowest cortisol levels in early and late summer were found in Abbottabad, and the highest in Okara (p < 0.05). The HSP70 level exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Okara in the early and late summer. In total, 265 DEGs were explored, of which 76 were downregulated and 189 were upregulated. The top GO terms of DEGs were positive regulations of biological processes, axons and protein binding, cytokine-mediated signalling, acyltransferase activity, and lipid binding. The important KEGG pathways regulated by the DEGs are linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linoleic acid metabolism, cell cycle, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, TNF signalling pathway, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and apoptosis. The relative mRNA levels of the HSP90 AB1, CD19, CYBB, HSPAB, IL2RG, LYN, MAPK7, MSN, and PRDX2 were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in the Abbottabad zone as compared with the Okara and Quetta zones. These findings will deepen our understanding regarding the molecular adaptation of Holstein Friesian cows to their particular ecological contexts and their adaption to Pakistan's tropical climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted selenium, vitamin E, and iron supplementation to boost nutrient retention and metabolism in calves with anaplasma marginale.","authors":"Márcia Saladini Vieira Salles, Fábio José Ferreira Figueiroa, Flávia Fernanda Simili, Arlindo Saran Netto","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04480-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04480-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The suckling phase of calves is crucial within the production system. This study aimed to examine the metabolism of selenium and iron, and nutrient digestibility in calves challenged with Anaplasma marginale and supplemented with selenium (Se), vitamin E, and iron (Fe). The experiment was conducted with 33 male Holstein calves inoculated with Anaplasma marginale during the suckling phase, when the animals were 57 ± 5 days of age. The design was completely randomized, with calves allocated to the following treatments: C (control milk replacer, n = 10); SeVitE (milk replacer with 0.6 mg organic selenium/kg + 100 IU vitamin E, n = 11); SeVitEFe (milk replacer with 0.6 mg organic selenium/kg + 100 IU vitamin E + 200 mg Fe chelate/kg, n = 12). Supplemented calves showed higher Se intake, increased urinary concentration, greater Se retention, and higher Se concentrations in the liver and blood. Selenium concentrations in the urine and muscle were higher in SeVitE than in SeVitEFe. Animals receiving SeVitEFe exhibited greater Se retention and higher Se in the blood than SeVitE. Supplemented calves had higher iron concentrations in feces and lower Fe levels in the liver compared to non-supplemented calves. Those supplemented with SeVitEFe had higher Fe intake, lower urinary concentrations, and greater Fe retention compared to SeVitE. Supplementation with selenium, iron, and vitamin E in immunologically challenged suckling calves increased nutrient retention and blood levels without affecting digestibility, demonstrating synergistic interactions between selenium and iron metabolism. These findings reinforce the role of trace mineral nutrition in the health management of early-life dairy calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary rumen-degradable protein on the growth performance, energy, and nitrogen metabolism of dairy buffalo heifers.","authors":"Qingfeng Tang, Pengcheng Shao, Chongli Wen, Zeming Bu, Guangsheng Qin, Yali Huang, Yuhong Pan, Zhipei Li, Kelong Wei, Shulu Li, Bishi Lan, Huapei Zhong, Caixia Zou","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04494-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04494-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goals of ruminant protein nutrition are to provide sufficient rumen-degradable protein (RDP) for optimizing nitrogen utilization efficiency and achieve the desired level of animal productivity, all while minimizing dietary crude protein (CP) intake. The present study aimed to examine the effects of decreasing dietary protein by reducing RDP on the growth performance, energy, and nitrogen metabolism of dairy buffalo heifers. Three diets were formulated: high RDP (H-RDP, RDP = 80.36 g/kg, CP = 15.42%), medium RDP (M-RDP, RDP = 72.79 g/kg, CP = 14.03%), and low RDP (L-RDP, RDP = 66.48 g/kg, CP = 12.87%), yielding digestible crude protein (DCP) balances of 166.07, 114.89, and 66.59 g/d, respectively. The diets were fed to 36 heifers (259.19 ± 3.93 kg) divided into three groups (12 heifers per treatment) over a 51-day trial. The results showed that when dietary RDP decreased from 80.36 g/kg to 72.79 g/kg, the average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) remained stable; however, a further decrease to 66.48 g/kg resulted in a 19.12% decrease in ADG and an 6.80% decrease in DMI (P < 0.05). The feed-to-gain (F/G) ratio increased linearly with decreasing dietary RDP (P < 0.01) and was significantly lower in the M-RDP and H-RDP groups than that in the L-RDP group (P < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of CP decreased linearly (P = 0.01) and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the H-RDP group than in the L-RDP group. There was a linear increase in fecal nitrogen efficiency (FN)/IN, which was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the H-RDP group than in the L-RDP group. Reducing dietary RDP linearly decreased urinary nitrogen excretion (UN) (P < 0.01) without affecting the efficiency of the retained nitrogen (RN), intake nitrogen (IN), and energy profiles. Overall, this study revealed that reducing dietary RDP (from 80.36 to 72.79 g/kg) and CP (from 15.42% to 14.03%) effectively reduced UN excretion while maintaining dairy buffalo heifer performance. Collectively, these findings suggest an optimal dietary RDP range of 72.79-80.36 g/kg for 13- to 15-month-old dairy buffalo heifers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Damara lambs fed bush-based rations from four encroacher bush species.","authors":"Katrina Lugambo Shiningavamwe, Emmanuel Lutaaya, Johnfisher Mupangwa","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04473-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04473-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of feeding bush-based finishing rations on the performance of Damara lambs was studied. Thirty weaned lambs weighing 16.7 ± 1.9 kg were allocated to five treatments in a completely randomized design over a 90-day feeding period. The control diet (T1) consisted of Lucerne (10%), grass hay (30%) and concentrate mix (60%). The other diets consisted of roughage (40%) from the milled bushes Senegalia mellifera (T2), Dichrostachys cinerea (T3), Terminalia sericea (T4) and Rhigozum trichotomum (T5) and concentrate mix (60%). At the end of the feeding trial, the lambs were slaughtered and carcass characteristics were evaluated. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was affected (P < 0.05) by sex, treatment, week and treatment x week interactions. The ADFI for T1 exceeded (P < 0.05) that for T2 and T3, at most time points. The ADFI of T1 and T4 were similar (P > 0.05) at weeks 6 to 10, but differed (P < 0.05) at other time points. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were affected (P < 0.05) by sex and treatment. The ADG (g/day) least squares means (± S.E) for T1 - T5 were 148.0 ± 6.9, 156.4 ± 6.9, 124.2 ± 6.9, 133.7 ± 6.9 and 133.7 ± 6.9, respectively. Treatment T2 had a better (P < 0.05) FCR compared to other bush-based treatments. Males had heavier (P < 0.05) final, hot and cold carcass weights than females. Lambs fed T4 had greater (P < 0.05) rib eye area than T1 (8.3 ± 0.5 vs. 5.9 ± 0.5 mm²). Bush-based diets can serve as production diets for weaned sheep and result into acceptable weight gain and carcass quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant dynamics and mRNA abundance alterations in dromedary camels during the transition period.","authors":"Amir Ahmadpour, Mousa Zarrin","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04486-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04486-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dromedary camels thrive in arid regions and play a crucial role in meat, milk, and labor production. The transition period around parturition impacts maternal and neonatal health by altering antioxidant capacity and increasing oxidative stress. This study investigated the relationship between the transition period and antioxidant capacity in dromedary camels to enhance management practices and welfare. Ten multiparous pregnant camels were monitored from 60 days AP to 60 days PP under ethical guidelines with proper feeding and management. Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected to assess antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx), oxidized product (MDA), and hepatic gene expression via ELISA and qPCR. Statistical analyses in SAS determined time effects, with significance set at P < 0.05. Parturition significantly affected CAT, MDA, and GPx concentrations (P < 0.01). CAT peaked three days AP before declining PP, while MDA spiked at parturition. SOD decreased AP but returned to baseline PP, whereas GPx dropped significantly by seven days PP. Antioxidant-related gene expression increased significantly around parturition, while TNF-α and IL-6 remained stable. PP, some genes returned to AP levels, while others exhibited delayed recovery. This study highlights the liver's key role in regulating oxidative stress during the transition period and provides insights into improving camel health and productivity in harsh environments. These findings pave the way for future research on nutritional and management strategies to strengthen antioxidant defenses in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of growth models to Boer x Mashona and Kalahari x Mashona goats under extensive semi-arid conditions.","authors":"Wesly Bvirwa, Soul Washaya","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04489-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04489-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to estimate parameters from four different nonlinear growth models (Brady, Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy) and assess how growth differs by sex. A total of 40 goats (20 males and 20 females) for each cross; Boer x Mashona (BM) and Kalahari x Mashona (KM) were monitored from birth to one year of age. The goats were managed under extensive production with little or no supplements; singleton goat kids were used in this study. The model parameters of each growth model were compared for differences between the two sexes. The statistical effectiveness of fit was determined for each model using AIC, AICC, BIC, RMSE, and R² at the same time, the inflection weight (IW) and inflection age (IA) were determined. The main effect of sex was significant (P< 0.05) for all the parameters in all the models except parameter (k) in von Bertalanffy function in BM and KM goats. The asymptotic mature weight (A) predicted by the models ranged from 24.8 to 38.8 kg and 38.2 to 40.6 in BM, while it ranged from 24.8 to 38.3 and 35.1 to 37.3 in KM for female and male goats, respectively. The Gompertz model predicted that males and females are more or less similar in mature weight, with variation ranging between 0.03kg and 1kg for BM and KM, respectively. The IW ranged between 9.1 to 19.7 and 9.1 to14.1 kg, while the IA ranged from 4.9 to 57.5 and 12.2 to 51.5 days in BM and KM goats, respectively. The Brody and Logistic, and the Brody and Gompertz models were superior in modeling growth for BM and KM goats, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and molecular characterisation of subtype B avian metapneumovirus in commercial chickens and co-infection with bacteria pathogens in Nigeria.","authors":"Adetolase Azizat Bakre, Omolade Abodunrin Oladele, Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu, Clement Meseko, Ismaila Shittu, Bitrus Inuwa, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, David Olayinka Ishola, Hauwa'u Umar Mungadi","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04498-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04498-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) significantly impacts turkey and chicken production, though its prevalence in chickens is often underestimated due to a lack of systematic diagnostic surveys. This study aimed to detect and characterise aMPV and determine the prevalence of secondary bacterial pathogens present during aMPV infection in commercial chickens raised in three climatic zones in Nigeria. Tissue samples were collected from carcasses of 42 flocks with suspected aMPV cases accounting for 420 chickens. These samples were obtained from veterinary diagnostic facilities in three climatic zones of Nigeria: near-temperate (Plateau, n = 140), rainforest (Oyo, n = 140), and semi-arid (Sokoto, n = 140). Virus detection was performed using RT-PCR to amplify the N- and G-genes, followed by Sanger sequencing. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were used to infer the subtypes to which sequences belong. Secondary bacterial pathogens associated with aMPV-positive tissues were isolated and identified using standard methods. RT-PCR results indicated that 11.90% (5/42) of the flocks were positive for aMPV strains. aMPV detected belongs to subtype B. The Amino acids mutations (K183R and H224Y) observed in the sequence obtained from this study differentiate the strain from A, C, and D subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated aMPV strain (GenBank accession number MZ408311) was closely related to Subtype B strains from Europe and Asia. Prominent secondary bacterial pathogens isolated included Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study highlights the necessity for enhanced surveillance and targeted vaccination to reduce the prevalence of aMPV and associated secondary bacterial infections, potentially decreasing antibiotic reliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farm-level livestock loss and risk factors in Ethiopian livestock production systems.","authors":"Yin Li, Wudu Temesgen Jemberu, Dianne Mayberry","doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04479-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11250-025-04479-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to explore farm-level losses of cattle, goats and sheep and relevant risk factors in the mixed crop-livestock and pastoral production systems in Ethiopia. Data from 1,528 cattle farms, 868 goat farms and 749 sheep farms, spanning the year 2018/19, were analysed in this study. A farm was defined as a case farm if it lost at least one cattle/goat/sheep in the past 12 months. The 12-month incidence of livestock loss was calculated for each region and production system. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess risk factors contributing to livestock loss in the farms. Forty-five percent of goat farms, 36% of sheep farms and 23% of cattle farms reported losing at least one animal in the past 12 months. Cattle loss in the pastoral system was associated with not using vaccines (Odds Ratio = 7, P < 0.01). In the mixed crop-livestock system cattle loss was associated with the absence of a roofed house (Odds Ratio = 1.40, P < 0.05). Risk factors for goat loss in the mixed crop-livestock system were selling live goats in the past 12 months (Odds Ratio = 1.58, P < 0.05). For sheep loss in the pastoral system, the identified risk factor was having cattle on farm (Odds Ratio = 2.40, P < 0.05). These findings provide valuable insights into the scale and the drivers of livestock loss within the major cattle and small ruminants production systems in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23329,"journal":{"name":"Tropical animal health and production","volume":"57 5","pages":"240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}