Toxicon最新文献

{"title":"Impact of climate change on the distribution of Tityus scorpions (Buthidae) in the Amazon: Implications for conservation units and indigenous territories","authors":"Thais de Andrade Moura,&nbsp;Jônatas Chaves-Silveira,&nbsp;Irene Barbosa da Fonseca Teixeira,&nbsp;Franciely Fernanda da Silva,&nbsp;Maria Carolina Lima Farias Duarte,&nbsp;Diene Oliveira,&nbsp;Ana Paula Siqueira Dornellas,&nbsp;Pablo Ariel Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is altering the distribution of organisms, affecting ecosystem goods and services. These impacts can pose new challenges for public health due to shifts in the distribution of venomous animals, influencing the dynamics of envenomation incidents. The consequences of climate change are expected to be more severe in tropical regions, where the most vulnerable communities are located. In this context, the increase of scorpionism in recent decades across the vast Amazonian region of Brazil calls for an assessment of future risks. In this study, we analyze the effects of climate change by the year 2070 under different future scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) on the distribution of the three most medically important scorpion species in northern Brazil: <em>Tityus obscurus, T. metuendus,</em> and <em>T. silvestris</em>. Additionally, we quantify the impact of these changes on conservation units and Indigenous territories. Our results indicate that the three species will respond differently to climate change. <em>Tityus obscurus</em> is projected to undergo a significant range contraction, <em>T. silvestris</em> will experience minimal changes, and <em>T. metuendus</em> will likely expand significantly into new areas. As a consequence of these shifts, <em>T. obscurus</em> may lose a large portion of its range within conservation units, potentially compromising the biotechnological potential of its venom. On the other hand, <em>T. metuendus</em> is expected to expand significantly into Indigenous territories, bringing new challenges to public health. Thus, climate change may have direct impacts on the health of the most vulnerable populations and on the conservation of species in northern Brazil, highlighting the need for strategic measures to mitigate these effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental abruption and premature birth following a Bothrops atrox envenomation in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Jacqueline de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett ,&nbsp;Handerson da Silva Pereira ,&nbsp;Débora Nery Oliveira ,&nbsp;Thaís Pinto Nascimento ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Martins de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Joseir Saturnino Cristino ,&nbsp;Felipe Queiroz Araújo ,&nbsp;Erica Silva Carvalho ,&nbsp;Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bothrops atrox</em> envenomation in pregnant women can result in significant adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This case reports of a 12-year-old pregnant adolescent who experienced <em>B. atrox</em> envenomation who developed placental abruption and premature birth. The patient presented systemic complications, including coagulation disorders and severe anemia, requiring treatment with antivenom and transfusion support after delivery. The newborn, premature and with low birth weight, needed intensive care support. This report highlights the high vulnerability of riverine populations to snakebite envenomation, especially pregnant adolescents, and emphasizes the need for prevention programs and improvements in health infrastructure to minimize the associated complications. It also underscores the importance of adequate inpatient follow-up, as short hospital stays may be insufficient to ensure full maternal recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of zearalenone on aptamer-based electrochemical nanofilm using quartz crystal microbalance","authors":"Ismael Ahmed Gheni ,&nbsp;Rukiye Saygılı-Canlıdinç ,&nbsp;Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan ,&nbsp;İlknur Üstündağ","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zearalenone (ZEN) is a highly toxic mycotoxin produced as a secondary metabolite by various <em>Fusarium</em> species. To detect this contaminant in cereal products, we developed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)–based aptasensor. To amplify the sensor signal, an electrochemically deposited diazonium-derived film was formed on the crystal surface, and gold nanoparticles were subsequently decorated on this film to facilitate aptamer immobilization. All materials and modified surfaces used during sensor fabrication were thoroughly characterized by UV–vis. spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under optimized conditions, the QCM aptasensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.1–250 ng/mL for ZEN, with a limit of detection of 0.182 ng/mL. Its selectivity was evaluated against potential interferents, including ochratoxin A and B and aflatoxin B₁, and interference effects remained within acceptable reproducibility limits. Kinetic analysis demonstrated a surface-confined, mass-transfer-limited interaction, as evidenced by the pseudo-second-order kinetic fit and the increasing Kd values at higher ZEN concentrations, yielding an average dissociation constant of 128 ± 153 ng/mL. Finally, the aptasensor successfully quantified ZEN in spiked wheat and corn samples, yielding recoveries between 95 % and 105 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical performance of Botulinum Toxin injections in the treatment of bruxism: A retrospective study","authors":"Imen Mehri Turki","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The effectiveness of botulinum toxin (BTX) in treating bruxism is recognised and well-established. However, it is often recommended in cases of severe bruxism.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to highlight the performance of trigger points (TrPs) released with BTX injections at an early stage of bruxism while providing an overview of its analgesic effect.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>67 patients who suffered from bruxism between 2009 and 2015 and who recovered completely after injection sessions. Patients were divided into two groups based on bruxism duration. The main outcomes were pain relief, injection sessions, required doses, and recovery duration between two consecutive sessions. The treatment was stopped when bruxism disappeared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of all the patients who experienced long-standing symptoms, 70,3 % were given high doses of toxin, while only 16,67 % of patients with recent bruxism received similar doses. Long-standing bruxism required more injection sessions than recent bruxism where the time to recurrence between sessions was longer. The follow-up varied from 16 to 55 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study highlights promising and reliable results in treating bruxism and myofascial pain using botulinum toxin, particularly in trigger points, where the earlier it is started, the lower the doses and the better the effect in the long term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From venoms to vanity: Exploring animal toxins as cosmeceuticals","authors":"Pamela Rodrigues Sampaio ,&nbsp;Antonio Vicente Peruzzo Neto ,&nbsp;Elisa Beatriz de Oliveira John ,&nbsp;Conrado Pedebos ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of biologically active compounds into cosmetics has led to the emergence of cosmeceuticals, bridging the gap between traditional skincare and pharmaceutical applications. While animal venoms have long been studied for their therapeutic potential, their role in cosmetic formulations remains underexplored. This mini-review examines the current scientific landscape regarding venom-derived bioactive compounds in cosmeceuticals, excluding botulinum toxin. Our analysis reveals a growing interest in bee venom and snake-derived peptides, with additional reports on spider and salamander toxins. These compounds exhibit promising properties, including anti-aging effects, skin healing, and facial muscle relaxation. However, regulatory challenges, ethical concerns, and gaps in scientific literature hinder their widespread adoption. This review highlights the need for further research to establish safety, efficacy, and sustainable sourcing practices, paving the way for venom-based innovations in modern skincare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical determination of ricinine for the diagnosis of Ricinus communis poisoning in ruminants","authors":"Carolina Julia Costa Saraiva,&nbsp;Barbara Pereira dos Santos,&nbsp;Benito Soto-Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ricinus communis</em>, commonly known as the castor bean, is a toxic plant that often causes poisoning in animals. The present study aims to develop and validate an analytical method for determining ricinine levels in urine, liver, and bovine ruminal fluid samples for use as a chemical marker in diagnosing poisoning by <em>R. communis</em> using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The method developed in this study showed that the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of ricinine varied according to the wavelength used, being lower when using 208 nm, followed by 308 nm and 315 nm. In liver samples, the LOD was 0.375 μg/g (using a wavelength of 218 nm) and 1.25 μg/g (315 nm), and the LOQ was 1.25 μg/g (218 nm) and 4.175 μg/g (315 nm). For rumen fluid and urine samples, the LOD was 0.15 μg/mL (218 nm) and 0.5 μg/mL (315 nm), respectively, and the LOQ was 0.5 μg/mL (218 nm) and 1.67 μg/mL (315 nm), respectively. Thus, the detection of ricinine to confirm the exposure to castor beans can be achieved using the extraction method presented in this work, followed by analysis via HPLC and UV–Vis detection of liver, urine, and ruminal fluid samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary exploration of histopathological assessment as a complementary approach to anti-hemorrhagic potency testing of Gloydius antivenom in Korea","authors":"Kiwon Han ,&nbsp;Wonjong Lee ,&nbsp;Kwang-Young Song ,&nbsp;Hong Kyu Lee ,&nbsp;Chan Woong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-hemorrhagic potency testing for <em>Gloydius</em> antivenom in Korea relies on subjective visual lesion measurement, limiting objectivity and reproducibility. This pilot study evaluated histopathological scoring as a complementary approach. In a rabbit model, semiquantitative assessment of hemorrhage and collagen disruption showed strong, dose-dependent correlations with antivenom efficacy. These findings suggest that histopathological evaluation can supplement traditional assays, enhancing reliability and supporting future efforts toward objective, standardized, and ethically refined antivenom quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative clinical observations following introduction of a new polyvalent antivenom for snakebite envenoming in northern Nigeria","authors":"Nicholas A. Hamman ,&nbsp;Titus B. Dajel ,&nbsp;Mohammed B. Saiyejo ,&nbsp;Saidu B. Abubakar ,&nbsp;Bashir Dansanda ,&nbsp;Hayatu Saeedu ,&nbsp;Kabiru Tahir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamza ,&nbsp;Garba Iliyasu ,&nbsp;Basheer Z. Chedi ,&nbsp;Abdulrazaq G. Habib","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness and safety of antivenoms used for snakebite-envenoming can be evaluated in in-vitro, in-vivo preclinical and clinical studies. In this study, we evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a newly introduced Alternative Equine-derived Polyvalent (AEP) antivenom. Compared to the existing antivenoms, patients treated with the AEP antivenom showed higher mortality, more frequent early-adverse-reactions, and failure to restore clotting timely among carpet viper envenomed patients with coagulopathy. In contrast to existing antivenoms, the AEP failed to protect against deaths among patients with coagulopathy even after adjusting for potential confounders in a logistic regression model and restricting the analysis to patients who received optimal doses. None of the antivenoms protected against deaths among patients without coagulopathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venom ophthalmia from a spitting Samar cobra (Naja samarensis): A case of corneal injury","authors":"Carly Jane Acidre ,&nbsp;Jonathan Paghubasan ,&nbsp;Kyla Ilagan ,&nbsp;Mercy Grace Beronilla-Uraga ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Aoki","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Snake venom ophthalmia is a potentially blinding condition requiring prompt management. This case presents the first detailed ophthalmologic examination of Samar cobra (<em>Naja samarensis</em>) venom ophthalmia, an endemic Philippine species. A 47-year-old Filipino male reported immediate burning sensation and eye irritation after being spat on while clearing debris under his home. Clinical examination revealed conjunctival hyperemia and right eye swelling. The patient received immediate irrigation with Lactated Ringer's solution through a Morgan lens, followed by topical antibiotics. Slit lamp examination confirmed punctate epithelial erosions on the cornea, documenting corneal injury specific to this species. The patient recovered completely within five days with appropriate medical management. While recent literature reports corneal complications in Asian cobra ophthalmia, this case provides the first corneal documentation in <em>N. samarensis</em> envenomation. Our findings contribute valuable clinical evidence for managing this endemic Philippine species and emphasize the importance of routine ophthalmologic evaluation in spitting cobra exposures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe and prolonged hypofibrinogenemia following Protobothrops cornutus snake bite: A case report from Vietnam","authors":"Dang Duc Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nguyen Hong Anh Lam ,&nbsp;Dang Bach Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a clinical case of severe and prolonged hypofibrinogenemia caused by envenomation from <em>Protobothrops cornutus</em>, an pit viper species found mainly in Vietnam and parts of southern China. A 60-year-old woman was bitten while hiking in Cuc Phuong national forest of Ninh Binh province, Vietnam. Although WHO guidelines discourage antivenom administration for minor coagulation abnormalities, in this case, the decision was made due to a fibrinogen level &lt;1.0 g/l and the patient's risk factors, including age (60 years) and untreated arterial hypertension, increasing the risk of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. Her fibrinogen level progressively dropped from 1.5 g/l to a nadir of 0.24 g/l at 112 hours post-bite, despite administration of 60 vials of monovalent <em>Trimeresurus albolabris</em> antivenom (produced by the Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC), Nha Trang, Vietnam, and distributed by Vabiotech). A temporary increase to 1.13 g/l was observed after infusion of 400 ml of cryoprecipitate, but hypofibrinogenemia relapsed thereafter and only stabilized after 181 hours after <em>Protobothrops cornutus</em> bite. This clinical case highlights the distinctive coagulopathy caused by <em>Protobothrops cornutus</em> envenomation with severe and prolonged hypofibrinogenemia despite the use of large doses of monovalent <em>Trimeresurus albolabris</em> antivenom (which was not specific to P. cornutus) and cryoprecipitate while liver and kidney functions, creatine kinase (CK) levels, remained within normal limits, indicating that the venom primarily affected the coagulation system without causing damage to other major organs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 108507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}