Toxicon最新文献

{"title":"A case of severe systemic copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) envenomation with shock","authors":"Hayley Naasz ,&nbsp;Santiago Cantillo-Campos ,&nbsp;Kyle Steinbock ,&nbsp;Andrew W. Godfrey ,&nbsp;Charles J. Gerardo","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a case of severe systemic copperhead (<em>Agkistrodon contortrix</em>) envenomation presenting with shock and minimal initial tissue injury. The patient required intravenous fluid resuscitation and a vasopressor infusion but improved with administration of high doses of Fab antivenom. He had resolution of his hypotension with antivenom, and his tissue injury progressed beyond his entire arm. He eventually stabilized with further antivenom and was discharged. Although <em>A. contortrix</em> envenomations are not typically severe, this case demonstrates that these bites can present with severe systemic clinical manifestations. Clinicians should focus on the management of the individual patient rather than determining therapy based solely on the offending species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for the detection of aristolochic acid I in patent medicines and cosmetics","authors":"Long Xu ,&nbsp;Yuzhu Xu ,&nbsp;Yiwen Lin ,&nbsp;Jingdi Niu ,&nbsp;Xinxing Gao ,&nbsp;Wanwan Wang ,&nbsp;Shanqin Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a family of nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids. Some AAs-containing herbs are used as raw materials in medicines, health foods, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. However, aristolochic acid I (AAI) as the main active component of AAs, is nephrotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic to humans. Thus, it is essential to develop effective techniques for determining AAI in relevant products. In this study, an anti-AAI monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high sensitivity was generated. Based on the mAb, a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) was developed, exhibiting an IC₅₀ of 20 ng/mL and a linear range from 2.5 ng/mL to 250 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) of the CLEIA was 1.96 ng/mL. The recovery rates of AAI in spiked patent medicines and cosmetics ranged from 79.7 % to 121.7 % with coefficient of variations (CVs) ranging from 1.2 % to 13.6 %. A good correlation coefficient of 0.9591 was observed between CLEIA and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results, indicating that the developed CLEIA is accurate and reliable for the determination of AAI in patent medicines and cosmetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in the application of botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of anorectal disorders","authors":"Xiaojuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its unique biological properties and neuromuscular blocking effects, particularly in the field of anorectal disorders. This review discusses the application of BoNT/A in treating various conditions such as anal sphincter spasms, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and other related ailments. We analyze the latest research findings regarding its efficacy, safety, and clinical applications, highlighting both the current state of research and the challenges that persist in this area. This synthesis aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for future studies and clinical practices involving BoNT/A in the management of anorectal diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of paraspecific effects of polyvalent snake antivenom on the venom of three vipers (Vipera berus berus; Linnaeus 1758, Vipera ammodytes ammodytes; Linnaeus, 1758 and Montivipera raddei; Boettger, 1890)","authors":"Yasemin Numanoglu Cevik ,&nbsp;Derya Altun ,&nbsp;Metin Serin ,&nbsp;Edibe Nurzen Namli Bozkurt ,&nbsp;Ilhan Bozyigit ,&nbsp;Halit Ozkan Icigen ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Kanat","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim was to investigate the paraspecific efficiacy of the National HSGM-polyvalent snake antivenom, which is used in the treatment of snakebite poisoning cases in Turkey, on <em>Vipera ammodytes ammodytes</em> and <em>Vipera berus berus</em> snakes that live widely in Europe and <em>Montivipera raddei</em> venoms that live in Turkey and Armenia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The paraspecific efficiacy of the antivenom on these three venoms were determined using the test method for neutralization of the lethal effect of the venom in mice specified in the European pharmacopoeia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It was observed that HSGM-PVSAV produced using <em>Vipera ammodytes montandoni</em>, <em>Macrovipera lebetina obtusa</em> and <em>Montivipera xanthina</em> venoms showed an effect above the European pharmacopoeia limits against all three snake venoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic and peptidomic characterization of Rhaebo guttatus (Anura: Bufonidae) skin secretion","authors":"Natalia Gabrielly Pereira dos Santos ,&nbsp;Laís Campelo Mendes ,&nbsp;Maria Aparecida Juliano ,&nbsp;Cleópatra Alves da Silva Caldeira ,&nbsp;Emídio Beraldo-Neto ,&nbsp;Daniel Carvalho Pimenta","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhaebo guttatus</em> is a South American frog species from the Bufonidae family. Its defense against predators is primarily attributed to small molecules such as steroids, alkaloids, and biogenic amines. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on the proteins and peptides in its venom. This study aimed to analyze these biomolecules and investigate their biological significance. Using nano liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-q-ToF), we performed shotgun proteomics and peptidomics analyses. The proteomic profile of <em>R. guttatus</em> showed similarities to those of other frog species, including proteins associated with muscle contraction, enzymes involved in oxidative stress—likely reflecting the skin's constant exposure to solar radiation and reactive oxygen species—and immune-related proteins such as galectin and annexin. These proteins appear to play a role in maintaining amphibian homeostasis, as suggested by previous studies. Peptidomic analysis revealed that some natural peptides may originate from the degradation of proteins present in the venom secretion. Interestingly, certain classes of proteins identified in the peptidomics were not detected in the proteomic dataset, underscoring the complementary nature of these omics approaches for unraveling venom molecular diversity. Among the peptides identified, we propose that some derive from <em>BASP1</em>, a protein typically associated with the brain. In this context, we hypothesize that these peptides originate from neuromuscular junctions and may participate in axonal regeneration and synaptogenesis processes. <em>BASP1</em> is also recognized as a transcriptional suppressor of various tumors, suggesting potential pharmacological applications. Additionally, several <em>de novo</em> peptides with ALC &gt;90 % were identified. <em>In silico</em> analyses, including prediction and molecular modeling, suggested antimicrobial activity for some of these peptides, paving the way for future studies with biotechnological and therapeutic interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 108359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Africanized honeybee stings envenoming in Brazil: A neglected tropical disease!","authors":"Joeliton S. Cavalcante ,&nbsp;Antonio M. Mutarelli ,&nbsp;Agda Jéssica de Freitas Galletti ,&nbsp;Manuela B. Pucca ,&nbsp;Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2023, the number of bee-related accidents in Brazil reached the highest number recorded in history, with 35,590 reported cases and 268 fatalities. This alarming increase, particularly pronounced in the Northeast and Southeast regions, highlights the growing public health challenge posed by bee-related incidents. We hope that this work will raise awareness of this worsening situation, allowing access to new funding, accelerating the development of treatment, and public health strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 108327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metabolomics and proteomics-based study on the metabolic effects of arecoline on the liver","authors":"Zhenjuan Cao ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Mai ,&nbsp;Lianfang Gan ,&nbsp;Ling Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arecoline is one of the primary constituents of the areca nut. Its pharmacological effects include analgesia, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergy. Current researches on the toxicity of arecoline mainly focuse on oral carcinogenesis and immunotoxicity, so there are relatively little systematic study on its hepatotoxicity and underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by different doses of arecoline in mice by integrating metabolomics and proteomics. In our pathological results, we found that the medium and high dose groups of arecoline can cause fatty degeneration in the livers of mice. Additionally, the different doses of arecoline increased the levels of ALT and AST in the serum of mice. Proteomics research identified that exposure to different doses of arecoline primarily affected the PPARs signaling pathway, thereby influencing fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. Metabolomics research identified differential metabolites in each group after arecoline exposure. We observed that with increasing doses of arecoline, the metabolites of lipids and lipid-like molecules in mice gradually increased. The results suggested arecoline may induce fatty degeneration in the liver of mice through the PPARα/Acox-1 mediated pathways of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, energy, and lipid metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of botulinum toxin on pain control mechanisms, muscle structure and cortical reorganization, a mini-review","authors":"Mostafa Mehraban Jahromi ,&nbsp;Zahra Mollaei ,&nbsp;Přemysl Vlček ,&nbsp;Marcela Grünerová Lippertová","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spasticity often results in significant disability, which complicates rehabilitation and daily activities. This review explores the role of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in the treatment of spasticity, focusing on its effects on muscle structure and activity, function, cortical reorganization, and pain. Our findings indicate that BoNT-A injections improve motor function and gait, particularly in stroke patients, by reducing abnormal muscle activity and enhancing postural control. However, BoNT-A may also induce unwanted biomechanical changes, such as muscle atrophy and alterations in contractile elements, which could impact long-term muscle function.</div><div>Regarding pain management in spasticity, BoNT-A has shown promise by reducing both peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. Additionally, BoNT-A influences the central nervous system (CNS) by inducing cortical reorganization, which may further contribute to clinical improvements.</div><div>Lastly, BoNT-A treatment requires careful consideration of individual patient characteristics to optimize outcomes and minimize side effects. A multidisciplinary approach that combines BoNT-A with physical therapy is essential to maximize functional recovery and improve the quality of life in patients with spasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Comment on “Acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, and deep vein thrombosis following a haemotoxic snakebite: A case report from a resource-limited setting.” (Asaduzzaman et al., 2025)","authors":"David A. Warrell","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of regulated, emerging, and masked mycotoxins in Chinese wheat between 2021 and 2022","authors":"Yujing Luan ,&nbsp;Dawei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhinan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Sun ,&nbsp;Xuetao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wheat is one of three major food crops in China. Wheat grains are prone to contamination with various mycotoxins. The risk of exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of wheat flour has long been a concern. This study evaluated the occurrence of regulated, marked, and emerging mycotoxins in 304 wheat samples that were randomly sampled from major wheat-producing regions of China. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) was detected in only 3 wheat samples, with a maximum concentration of 2.37 μg/kg. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was identified as the most prevalent mycotoxin, being present in 94.4 % of the samples with a maximum concentration of 2.84 mg/kg. Additionally, 11.5 % of the positive DON samples exceeded the maximum Chinese limit of 1000 μg/kg. The incidence of zearalenone (ZEN), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol in wheat samples were 27.96, 2.96, 2.63, and 2.63 %, respectively. Of 304 wheat samples, 86.2 %, 14.5 and 7.24 % were positive for Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside (range: 3.58–609 μg/kg), 3-AcDON (range: 2.31–95.97 μg/kg), and 15-AcDON (range: 2.26–76.65 μg/kg), respectively. Beauvericin (BEA) was detected in 89.14 % of wheat samples with the maximum concentrations 114 μg/kg. However, the average concentration of BEA (2.40 μg/kg) in the positive samples was less than 10 μg/kg. Alternariol (AOH) and moniliformin were detected in 48.68 % and 16.78 % of wheat samples, respectively. Most wheat samples (89 %) were simultaneously contaminated with more than one mycotoxin, with an average of approximately five mycotoxins per sample, and up to 15 mycotoxins were detected in individual samples. In conclusion, DON was the most prevalent mycotoxin in wheat samples, followed by D-3-G, BEA, and AOH, and co-contamination of mycotoxins in wheat samples were very common.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 108344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}