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Primary Results of the Initial Validation of the SMD Decision Tree – I-REFER SMD决策树初步验证的初步结果- i - reference
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108743
Klemens Fheodoroff , Benjamin Waeschle , Manuela Schuetzer , Georg Comes , Joerg Wissel
{"title":"Primary Results of the Initial Validation of the SMD Decision Tree – I-REFER","authors":"Klemens Fheodoroff , Benjamin Waeschle , Manuela Schuetzer , Georg Comes , Joerg Wissel","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Experts Treat Spasticity Using Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) in Germany 德国专家如何使用肉毒杆菌神经毒素治疗痉挛
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108731
Christian Dresel , Juergen Hamacher , Chi Wang Ip , John-Ih Lee , Axel Schramm
{"title":"How Experts Treat Spasticity Using Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) in Germany","authors":"Christian Dresel , Juergen Hamacher , Chi Wang Ip , John-Ih Lee , Axel Schramm","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BoSapient®, a Cell-Based BoNT-A Potency Assay Optimized for Manual and Semi-Automated Procedures BoSapient®是一种基于细胞的BoNT-A效价测定方法，适用于手动和半自动程序
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108732
F. Mark Dunning , Sara Hendrickson , Serena Wolfe , Dan Harding , Theresa Geurs , Timothy M. Piazza , Thomas A. Little , Ward C. Tucker
{"title":"BoSapient®, a Cell-Based BoNT-A Potency Assay Optimized for Manual and Semi-Automated Procedures","authors":"F. Mark Dunning , Sara Hendrickson , Serena Wolfe , Dan Harding , Theresa Geurs , Timothy M. Piazza , Thomas A. Little , Ward C. Tucker","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108732","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety evaluation of ursolic acid: Absence of acute oral and reproductive toxicity in a rodent model 熊果酸的安全性评价：在啮齿动物模型中无急性口服和生殖毒性。
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108954
Peng Qin , Ligen Zhang , Yunhe Lian , Di Wu , Xue Feng , Kaihui Liu , Xin Hou , Xinying Cheng
{"title":"Safety evaluation of ursolic acid: Absence of acute oral and reproductive toxicity in a rodent model","authors":"Peng Qin ,&nbsp;Ligen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunhe Lian ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Xue Feng ,&nbsp;Kaihui Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Hou ,&nbsp;Xinying Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. More recently, its potential applications in hepatoprotection and anticancer therapy have garnered significant interest. However, its reproductive toxicity profile remains inadequately characterized and inconsistent across studies. This study aimed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of UA and its effects on male reproductive organ histopathology and sperm quality parameters (motility, viability, morphology) in rodents. Acute oral toxicity was first determined using a limit test at 12,500 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> body weight. For the reproductive toxicity study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered UA at doses of vehicle (0.5 % CMC-Na), 125 or 250 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> UA for 30 days. A positive-control group received cyclophosphamide (40 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) for 5 days. Sperm motility, viability and morphology were evaluated, and the reproductive organs were examined histopathologically. Results show that no treatment-related mortality or clinical signs were observed in the UA-treated animals. Sperm parameters and testicular architecture remained unchanged across UA groups compared with controls, with normal spermatogenesis and absence of lesions. In contrast, cyclophosphamide-induced significant reductions in sperm motility and concentration. These results demonstrate that UA does not induce reproductive toxicity under the conditions tested (250 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) providing a toxicological basis for its safe use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145805524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges of a West African green mamba (Dendroaspis viridis) envenomation in a European urban setting: A case report with quantitative monitoring of neuromuscular transmission 西非绿曼巴在欧洲城市环境中的中毒挑战：一份神经肌肉传播定量监测的病例报告。
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108951
David Eidenbenz , Chiara Scotti , Sébastien Larréché , Jean-Luc Pagani , Pierre-Nicolas Carron
{"title":"Challenges of a West African green mamba (Dendroaspis viridis) envenomation in a European urban setting: A case report with quantitative monitoring of neuromuscular transmission","authors":"David Eidenbenz ,&nbsp;Chiara Scotti ,&nbsp;Sébastien Larréché ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Pagani ,&nbsp;Pierre-Nicolas Carron","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although rare, exotic snakebites are a growing medical concern worldwide, partly due to the rising popularity of exotic pet ownership in high-income countries. Envenomation from family Elapidae snakes may cause severe neurological and local symptoms. Timely antivenom administration is crucial, but often complicated by logistical challenges. We report a case of a West African green mamba (<em>Dendroaspis viridis)</em> envenomation in a 59-year-old male in Switzerland who developed progressive weakness and respiratory failure, associated with swelling of a limb. Quantitative neuromuscular stimulation, also known as a train-of-four monitor, was used to assess neuromuscular transmission after antivenom administration. This case highlights the clinical and organizational challenges following an exotic snakebite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antivenoms, recombinant antibodies, inhibitors, and the future of snakebite envenoming therapy 抗蛇毒血清，重组抗体，抑制剂，以及蛇咬伤治疗的未来
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108964
José María Gutiérrez
{"title":"Antivenoms, recombinant antibodies, inhibitors, and the future of snakebite envenoming therapy","authors":"José María Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Encouraging developments are taking place in the field of the therapy of snakebite envenoming (SBE), including innovations in animal-derived antivenoms and novel possibilities in the discovery of recombinant antivenom antibodies and new inhibitors of venom toxins. This narrative review presents an overview of these developments and highlights the challenges faced to improve current antivenom therapies and to move the new therapeutics from the development stage to preclinical and clinical testing, manufacture and distribution. The future of the management of SBE is likely to involve a combination of these three types of therapeutics depending on the different contexts. Likewise, innovative mechanisms should be implemented to guarantee that they will be available and accessible to countries of high incidence of SBE. The fulfillment of these tasks demands the integration of a diverse set of stakeholders, within a frame of cooperation, including researchers, developers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, clinicians, funding organizations, non-governmental initiatives, public health authorities, and organized communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A on the Proximal Muscles of the Upper Limbs in a Patient With Severe Tremor due to Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report A型肉毒毒素对多发性硬化症所致严重震颤患者上肢近端肌肉的影响：1例报告
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108678
Soraya Ammor-Hadjira, Aboura-Ouassini Bensaber
{"title":"The Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A on the Proximal Muscles of the Upper Limbs in a Patient With Severe Tremor due to Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report","authors":"Soraya Ammor-Hadjira,&nbsp;Aboura-Ouassini Bensaber","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ukrainian National Consensus Statement on Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Neuropathic Pain: A Multidisciplinary Initiative in Times of War 乌克兰国家共识声明肉毒杆菌毒素治疗神经性疼痛：战争时期的多学科倡议
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108698
Vadym Biloshytsky , Maryna Biloshytska
{"title":"Ukrainian National Consensus Statement on Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Neuropathic Pain: A Multidisciplinary Initiative in Times of War","authors":"Vadym Biloshytsky ,&nbsp;Maryna Biloshytska","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cellular Responses to Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations: Implications With HSA and Polysorbates on Skin-Derived Cell Types 细胞对肉毒杆菌神经毒素A配方的反应：HSA和聚山梨酯对皮肤来源细胞类型的影响
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108764
Christian Hartmann, Kay Marquardt, Christina Wollenburg, Thomas Hengl
{"title":"Cellular Responses to Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations: Implications With HSA and Polysorbates on Skin-Derived Cell Types","authors":"Christian Hartmann,&nbsp;Kay Marquardt,&nbsp;Christina Wollenburg,&nbsp;Thomas Hengl","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Low-Dose Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy on Balance and Gait Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy 低剂量肉毒杆菌神经毒素治疗对脑瘫患儿平衡和步态控制的影响
IF 2.4 4区 医学
Toxicon Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108704
Soumaya Boudokhane, Houda Migaou, Amr Chaabeni, Amine Kalai, Zohra Ben Salah Frih
{"title":"Influence of Low-Dose Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy on Balance and Gait Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Soumaya Boudokhane,&nbsp;Houda Migaou,&nbsp;Amr Chaabeni,&nbsp;Amine Kalai,&nbsp;Zohra Ben Salah Frih","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 108704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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