Mariano A Molina, Renske D M Steenbergen, Anna Pumpe, Angelique N Kenyon, Willem J G Melchers
{"title":"HPV integration and cervical cancer: a failed evolutionary viral trait.","authors":"Mariano A Molina, Renske D M Steenbergen, Anna Pumpe, Angelique N Kenyon, Willem J G Melchers","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Countless efforts have been made to eradicate cervical cancer worldwide, including improving disease screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. Nevertheless, cervical cancer still claims the lives of more than 300 000 women every year. Persistent infections with high-risk HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are the main cause of cancer and may result in HPV integration into the host genome. The central dogma is that HPV integration is an important step in oncogenesis, but in fact, it impedes the virus from replicating and spreading. HPV causing cervical cancer can therefore be perceived as a failed evolutionary viral trait. Here we outline the occurrence and mechanisms of HPV integration and how this process results in oncogenic transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":"890-902"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neutrophils and extracellular traps in crystal-associated diseases.","authors":"Qiuyue Ma, Stefanie Steiger","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crystalline material can cause a multitude of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as gouty arthritis, silicosis, kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. Crystals of various types are thought to cause similar inflammatory responses, including the release of proinflammatory mediators and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), processes that further promote necroinflammation and tissue damage. It has become apparent that the intensity of inflammation and the related mechanisms of NET formation and neutrophil death in crystal-associated diseases can vary depending on the crystal type, amount, and site of deposition. This review details new mechanistic insights into crystal biology, highlights the differential effects of various crystals on neutrophils and extracellular trap (ET) formation, and discusses treatment strategies and potential future approaches for crystal-associated disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":"809-823"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resident physician depression: systemic challenges and possible solutions.","authors":"Karina Pereira-Lima, Srijan Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resident physicians face intense stressors that significantly heighten their depression risk. This article discusses research findings on critical factors contributing to depression among resident physicians. Understanding these factors is essential to developing targeted interventions, fostering healthy work environments, and ultimately improving physician wellbeing and patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiliang Xia, Hongyan Zhao, Jacob L Edmondson, Brian Koss, Fenghuang Zhan
{"title":"Role of NEK2 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.","authors":"Jiliang Xia, Hongyan Zhao, Jacob L Edmondson, Brian Koss, Fenghuang Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) is a serine/threonine kinase found in the nucleus and cytoplasm throughout the cell cycle. NEK2 is overexpressed in many cancers and is a biomarker of poor prognosis. Factors contributing to NEK2 elevation in cancer cells include oncogenic transcription factors, decreased ubiquitination, DNA methylation, and the circular RNA (circRNA)/long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-miRNA axis. NEK2 overexpression produces chromosomal instability and aneuploidy, thereby enhancing cancer progression and suppressing antitumor immunity, which highlights the prominence of NEK2 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting NEK2 have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo across various cancer types. This review outlines the regulatory mechanisms of NEK2 expression, emphasizes its functional roles in cancer initiation and progression, and highlights the anticancer properties of NEK2 inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katlyn C Richardson, Karen Jung, Joanne A Matsubara, Jonathan C Choy, David J Granville
{"title":"Granzyme B in aging and age-related pathologies.","authors":"Katlyn C Richardson, Karen Jung, Joanne A Matsubara, Jonathan C Choy, David J Granville","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is a major risk factor for pathologies that manifest later in life. Much attention is devoted towards elucidating how prolonged environmental exposures and inflammation promote biological (accelerated) tissue aging. Granzymes, a family of serine proteases, are increasingly recognized for their emerging roles in biological aging and disease. Widely recognized as intracellular mediators of cell death, granzymes, particularly granzyme B (GzmB), also accumulate in the extracellular milieu of tissues with age, contributing to chronic tissue injury, inflammation, and impaired healing. Consequently, this has prompted the field to reconsider how GzmB regulation, accumulation, and proteolysis impact health and disease with age. While GzmB is observed in numerous age-related conditions, the current review focuses on mechanistic studies where proof-of-concept has been forwarded.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mallory L S Eisel, Matthew Burns, Tetsuo Ashizawa, Barry Byrne, Manuela Corti, Sub H Subramony
{"title":"Emerging therapies in hereditary ataxias.","authors":"Mallory L S Eisel, Matthew Burns, Tetsuo Ashizawa, Barry Byrne, Manuela Corti, Sub H Subramony","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent investigations have defined the pathophysiological basis of many hereditary ataxias (HAs), including loss-of-function as well as gain-of-function mechanisms at either the RNA or protein level. Preclinical studies have assessed gene editing, gene and protein replacement, gene enhancement, and gene knockdown strategies. Methodologies include viral vector delivery of genes, oligonucleotide therapies, cell-penetrating peptides, synthetic transcription factors, and technologies to deliver therapies to defined targets. In this review, we focus on Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) and the polyglutamine ataxias in which translational research is active. However, much remains to be done to identify safe and effective molecules, create ideal delivery methods, and perform innovative clinical trials to prove the safety and efficacy of treatments for these rare but devastating diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soumyadeep Sarkar, Xueyun Zheng, Geremy C Clair, Yu Mi Kwon, Youngki You, Adam C Swensen, Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson, Ernesto S Nakayasu, Wei-Jun Qian, Thomas O Metz
{"title":"Exploring new frontiers in type 1 diabetes through advanced mass-spectrometry-based molecular measurements.","authors":"Soumyadeep Sarkar, Xueyun Zheng, Geremy C Clair, Yu Mi Kwon, Youngki You, Adam C Swensen, Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson, Ernesto S Nakayasu, Wei-Jun Qian, Thomas O Metz","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a devastating autoimmune disease for which advanced mass spectrometry (MS) methods are increasingly used to identify new biomarkers and better understand underlying mechanisms. For example, integration of MS analysis and machine learning has identified multimolecular biomarker panels. In mechanistic studies, MS has contributed to the discovery of neoepitopes, and pathways involved in disease development and identifying therapeutic targets. However, challenges remain in understanding the role of tissue microenvironments, spatial heterogeneity, and environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Recent advancements in MS, such as ultra-fast ion-mobility separations, and single-cell and spatial omics, can play a central role in addressing these challenges. Here, we review recent advancements in MS-based molecular measurements and their role in understanding T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subscription and Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s1471-4914(24)00201-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4914(24)00201-6","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advisory Board and Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s1471-4914(24)00198-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4914(24)00198-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meenal Datta, Laura E Via, Véronique Dartois, Lei Xu, Clifton E Barry, Rakesh K Jain
{"title":"Leveraging insights from cancer to improve tuberculosis therapy.","authors":"Meenal Datta, Laura E Via, Véronique Dartois, Lei Xu, Clifton E Barry, Rakesh K Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring and exploiting the microenvironmental similarities between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) granulomas and malignant tumors has revealed new strategies for more efficacious host-directed therapies (HDTs). This opinion article discusses a paradigm shift in TB therapeutic development, drawing on critical insights from oncology. We summarize recent efforts to characterize and overcome key shared features between tumors and granulomas, including excessive fibrosis, abnormal angiogenesis, hypoxia and necrosis, and immunosuppression. We provide specific examples of cancer therapy application to TB to overcome these microenvironmental abnormalities, including matrix-targeting therapies, antiangiogenic agents, and immune-stimulatory drugs. Finally, we propose a new framework for combining HDTs with anti-TB agents to maximize therapeutic delivery and efficacy while reducing treatment dosages, duration, and harmful side effects to benefit TB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}